Im Katherine Sawyer in juba ill be telling you how the South African conflict and a fall in oil prices affects the economy here. We begin with a war in syria, which is going into the fifth year, 21 leading aid organizations accusing the u. N. Security council failing to help the people. The group says measures have not been in force much the latest pictures are said to show the aftermath of a barrel bombing, the Syrian Government accused of the financing to hughes the illegal weapons on civilians. The battle for aleppo split the country. As part of our special coverage to mark the conflict entering its fifth year, zoed reports on how zeina khodr reports on how the fighting split what was syrias commercial center. Reporter it is one of the oldest cities in the world. The Historical Center is in ruins. Aleppo has been an urban Battle Ground since the summer of 2012. Syrias largest city has been divided by front lines, and many sheets and drapes are used as cover from snipers. The governmentcontrols territories in the we have the opposition in the east. The only crossing point that allowed people to move between the two areas is a wasteland. This area was closed by government. It was a dangerous journey, dozens were killed by sniper fire. It was a life line especially for state employees relying on their salaries to survive. The crossing was vital for sillians now civilians. This crossing used to allow people to visit their relatives. Society has been torn apart. There is little sign of life. Last year tens of thousands left when Populated Areas were hit by barrel bombs. Many others were wounded. Those that lost their livelihoods have been left to help themselves. Translation we need money to get to turkey to get treatment. We have been forgotten. We want someone to feel for us. Also in the rebel held east, Health Facilities were robbed at the start of the conflict. The people at the area managed to set up makeshift hospitals to deal with the casualties of war. They are not up to the standards needed. Reporter we dont have surgeons. Most of the doctors were killed or fled. We dont have medicine for diabetic patients. The Health System all but collapsed. The syrian war has entered its fifth year an initiative about the the United Nations to freeze the fighting did not achieve much. People on both sides of divide remained trapped in what many describe as a stalemate. Its a daily struggle. It doesnt take hours to buy bread. The battle is strategic, but has destroyed the lives of those living in what was once the commercial capital. After four years of conflict, it is a much darker place. Current n. G. O. S and scientists analysed and showed the numbers of visible lights. It fell dramatically since march 2007. Researchers used the images to track the movement of people displaced from their home. In damascus rebels edged closer to the stronghold. 87 of lights are now off. 90 are homes have been plunged into darkness. 96 . In idlib, 96 of homes are dark. Out of all of these aleppo appears to have seen the most dramatic change. Look at that. 3 of homes there are still light at night compared to prewar levels. Others are denied electricity, and the lights visible across syria fell by 80 since the war began. For more, a researcher at the Carnegie Middle East Center joins us from beirut. Its getting increasingly di hello and welcome by the way to see what is going on. For those displaced. It seems at the same time theres very little desire for those to help those people. What is going on. Sorry i didnt hear the question. I was trying to find out from you why there seems to be little desire by those that cant, like the United NationsSecurity Council. Whats going wrong. Well from what we can see, theres quite a lot of paralysis at the level of Security Council. Its not just in terms of the Syrian Crisis but in terms of a lot of other decisions. The decisions by the Security Council are held hostage to the competing interests of the country, that are part of the Security Council. Its mainly par lived or slipped along u. S. Russian interest. What is going to break the stand off . Short of a deal between them i dont see what will break the standoff at the level of the council. Its paralyzing other parts of the u. N. I think people are turning to. I think they are looking at the bilateral discussions between the u. S. As one way to mitigate the impact of the Syrian Crisis. If not ended completely. There are theres an effectively that other regional powers play a roll. International coalitions such as the breaks for the g8 is suspended. So people are turning to different intra country, International Organizations to see if someone else can broker an end to the conflict in one way or the other. You wonder how many people need to die. I wonder if theres a figure out there before people feel they have to step . And see something about it. Not only to stop the fighting but help the refugees. Theres a number of countries badly affected. This region today has the highest numbers of refugees in the world. 56 of the worlds refugees are in the arab region. The biggest personing, the biggest portion are syrian refugees. Not in the g. C. C. The snm of refugees who have left the country are close to 3 million. They are internally displaced in the order of 7. 5 million. These are considerable figures, and they have a longterm impact for syria and the region. We are talking about a generation of children. These children the crisis started when they were 13, 14. They are ready to enter the labour market. No skills. They are vulnerable to disorganization. Everyone is so focussed on i. S. I. S. And fighting i. S. I. S. More, i think, in some ways they are a critical part of the conflict. These children are going to become vulnerable to recruitment by organizations like i. S. I. S. Or other organizations. It doesnt have to be i. S. I. S. Today and tomorrow. Thank you. Good to have you with us. Two Police Officers have been shot during a pros in the u. S. City of ferguson. One officer was shot in the face, the other in the shoulder. Both are said to be conscious and are receiving treatment at a local hospital. The meeting started with the resignation of the Ferguson Police chief. Its unknown who shot the two officers. This is a very, very very dangerous environment for the officers to work in regarding the amount of gun power. This evening, the only shots that we were aware of are the shots down the street. These Police Officers were standing there, and they were shot. Just because they were Police Officers. A white officer from his department shot dead an unarmed police officer. Police chief thomas jack on maintained there was no racism on his watch. On wednesday he was the sixth official forced to leave his job in a small city accused of systematic racism. The city of Ferguson Police chief Thomas Jackson agreed to a separation from the city of ferguson. His departure has long been demanded after the shooting of michael brown. The belief that the police force disproportionately targeted the African American community, vindicated. The d. O. J. Found the police and courts saw the local African American community. As a means of making money. Millions were raised by targetting ticketing, gaoling and keeping black residents. It would have been called modern debtors prisons. A nationwide movement that developed is about far more than ferguson. Now each time an unarmed youth is killed by Police Demonstrations follow. 600km noorth in maddison. There have been protests since the killing of tony robinson. This highlights a universal problem with law enforcement. In light of what happened over the summer time. Protesters around the country are demonstrating against a system they say is racist and unfair. Resignations in ferguson are by those that took to the streets in protest. Ferguson is a city of 21 thousz. A change in the personnel is unlikely to be enough to make the changes iraqs army is taking more territory in and around tikrit. Fighting is taking place in the center of the city. The military is trying to recapture the city. I. S. I. L. Fighters are hitting back blowing up bridges and slowing the advantages. Iraqs government controls several provinces. 13 people have been killed in explosions. A suicide bomber ran his car into a building killing 11 people in a mostly shia neighbourhood. 30 people were hurt. An explosion hit the area six hours before. And another draft killed him. Still to come on al jazeera. Venezuelas president has given more powers to fight what was called u. S. Imperialism. And we meet the next science pioneers at a Prestigious Science competition in the lets take a look at the top stories on al jazeera. 21 aid groups accused the u. N. Security council of failing to protect syria, its four years since the beginning of the uprising against bashar alassad. The fighting shows no sign of ending Iraqi Government forces are advancing towards the center of tikrit and they have taken over several villages i. S. I. L. Has been in control since june. Two Police Officers have been shot during the u. S. City of ferguson. The night starred with the resignation of the police chief over allegations of racism. One of the white officers killed an unarmed black teenager next year. Ukraine received a boost in spending from the u. S. The u. S. Announced it will deliver 75 million in nonleeth am aid nonlethal aid. The bulk of the money distributed by the end of the week. The money will only be paid if the ukranian government slashes spending and interim reforms. A year of turmoil cripples the economy. N. A. T. O. Says Russian Forces are operating in the east. Withdrawing weapons on the front line. We have seen and still see russian presence and strong support for the separatists in Eastern Ukraine. We see the delivery of equipment. Forces training. So russia is still in Eastern Ukraine. And they have, over a long period, provided substantial support for the separatists. We call on russia to withdraw all forces from Eastern Ukraine and respect the agreement. South africas president brushed off calls, millions spent on his private home. Jacob zuma was heckled in parliament. He refused to plan how and when he paid the money. He was asked to return 20 million. Ashton carter said i. S. I. L. Military targets may be expanded to include boko haram. In a visit to washington nigerias intelligence chief said he was confident about the fight against boko haram. Im hopeful that we shall win the war. I think this will be completely finished with. In south sudan, Oil Production has been slashed by a third since fighting broke out in 2013. Many oil wells have been damaged or are under rebel control as Kathryn Sawyer reports. This is how you find the lecture hauls in south sudan. Many of lecturers are on strike. They had a pay cut last year. Now they want the money back. The government says he dont afford it. An ethnic conflict started in 2013. Oil production will appear and oil accounts for 90 of the government income. I will try my best to increase the production. Then he increased production. I will be selling give away prices. In a way, its a lot of revenue. The fall in Global Oil Prices made it worse for south sudan. And the country is selling crude to china at one of the lowest prices in the world because of its quality. Lets break it down. A barrel of crude oil is selling at roughly 45. More than half of that is based on the government for transport, refinery and development took most of the oil fields. After they paid the oil here the government remains with less than 10. Some are worried that the Economic Situation will get worse before it gets better. Its become a real economic collapse. Its real. Unless we take some trusted measures. And that very soon should be yesterday, not tomorrow. The industry including this Water Bottling Company are having a hard time dealing with the overhead. Most of it for generators used to power the country, and with losses foreign currency crucial for import. What i get on the market and it is very low. For five months we are unable to get the raw materials. Reporter many people here are afraid that south sudans economy will get worse, unless there is peace among the warring parties venezuelas government has given president Nicolas Maduro initial approval to rule by decree. They asked the parliament for extended powers to fight u. S. Imperialism. Reporter president Nicolas Maduro was greeted on tuesday with a standing ovation. He was there to ask for an extended power to impending threat. The move coming after venezuela was declared a security effect and imposed sanctions. We will perfect the legal system so its not necessary to activate the state of perception, so we can strengthen the armed forces in the capabilities of the nation economically, financially and commercially, for any blockade enabling a shield. For two years, this would be the second time this president mewetted asks. His mentor the late hugo chavez requested four times for a decree. The decision surprised few. Its a normal situation for the government of venezuela. They had a lot of this system for the last 17 years, its not absolutely new for us. But in this moment there you see it. Its used as an excuse to create a new environment. They are going to use it in order to present a decision of the president obama. With sanctions against people in venezuela, as a celebration against the whole country. They want to present it president Nicolas Maduro said he needs special powers to protect venezuela. Spaced with record low popularity has made government critics question whether he will not use the law to gain the advantage he needs. Calling vens vens are threat venezuela a threat. Until the u. S. Responds Nicolas Maduro will seek greater Popular Support firefighters in chile are continuing to battle a number of forest fires in the south. Two homes and a warehouse have been destroyed near santa june arna. Its parts of an american si effort to control the fires. Chinas ageing population is outgrowing fair facilities creating opportunities for foreign survivors. We have this explanation from shanghai. Reporter volunteers performing a concert in a chinese care home. Unlike most this is foreign owned, providing expertise from the United States. The companies are here for a reason. According to the United Nations, more than 130 million in china are over 65 and theres a shortage of facilities to care for them. The Chinese Government has been forced to allow in foreign providers. This person is 88 and moved into the development a year ago, after his wife died. We used to live with our children. They were busy with their own children to look after. I didnt want to make their live harder so i moved here. Reporter the care costs 1500 a month, a third more than the average salary in shanghai. He covers the fees with interest from savings and renting out his former apartment. Some need specialist care. This lady was partially paralyzed after a stroke. My mother used to live with us in a pass. Its not just three meals a day, my mother needs medical care since the stroke. It can be a painful decision. Its a decision more children are having to make. In Chinese Society its fallen to the children to take care of parents and grandparents only those with no one to look after them were sent to a home. A cultural shift is now underway . These days most of the children most working husband and wife are working. The only recall that they have that the senior needs hep, is to get help. This person is alert, n thuse yastic and in strong enthusiastic and in strong voice. His children have pleaded with him to come home. Im happy here, he says. The United States has the largest number of nobel Prize Winners in science. Some were first discovered at the intel annual signs talent dubbed the countrys most Prestigious Science competition. Reporter scientists and those that admire what they do gather each year. Out of 1800 who competed the judges picked 40 students for the final round. The project to find out what triggered the phenomenon, the solar vortex. The more you learn, the more beautiful everything seems. I enjoyed comments like this. This person focussed on the flick. Could you say one thing. They give advice and thing they know what they are doing. I wanted to figure out if they were right. Her conclusion the coaches were wrong. Michaels interest in threor eticcal fitness has practical impacts. Superconnecting wires, are wires with no resistance which would make electricity happen. Thats where things like that come from. Theres a bit of fortune for the three top winners, each teenager collecting 150,000 prize, which michael won in the category of innovation amazing and delighting his parents. Oh my god. He won. Eight nobel Prize Winners have been finalists in the competition. One laureate said science these days has fallen short on two counts. One was high risk, High Reward Research and the second was support for young people. Both of those indicate the future. Both of those must be supported at both national and international levels. On this occasion comes recognition that what they do really matters scientists have identified almost 1500 new creatures in the worlds oceans in the past year and believes there are more out there. An International Audit of the seas discovered two new types of dolphins, including the australian humpback, a new species and subcategory of giant jelie fish, and a stargazing shrimp in south africa. A. This is techknow. A show about innovations that can change lives. Were going to explore the intersection of hardware and humanity and doing it in a unique way. This is a show about science by scientists. Lets check out our team of hard core nerds. Dr. Crystal dilworth is a monthly ec lar neuroscientist. Would you give kids marijuana if it could help