Transcripts for BBC Radio Leeds BBC Radio Leeds 20180111 020000

Anyone else Miss b.b.c. 5. It's true o'clock on the b.b.c. News comes from 1st to. The main news on 5 Live 2 more bodies have been found after months lines in California and installed it finishes at nil nil between Chelsea and Arsenal in the e.f.l. Cup semifinal 1st leg. Is b.b.c. . The sheriff of Santa Barbara County in California says teams searching in areas affected by flash floods and mudslides have found 2 more bodies 17 people on known to have died and others are unaccounted for after heavy rains his region previously affected by a massive wildfire Scott steeple tonight is from the sense of Barbara News Press 100 homes have been destroyed another 8 commercial properties of been destroyed 300 homes are damaged 5200 homes are threatened a couple 100 commercial properties are threatened Highway one o one which is our main thoroughfare it's been terrible in the Santa Barbara area because there is waist deep mud muck debris the chancellor Philip Hammond has asked the leaders to stop punishing the u.k. For Braggs it and instead make it clear what they want from a future relationship in a speech to business leaders in Berlin he said Britain could not resolve the issue by itself is understood and man whose body was found buried in a garden in Greater Manchester was allegedly killed by his daughter several years ago police say the woman went into a police station in Stockport of the weekend and confessed. Police in Paris are searching for 2 armed robbers who stole jewelry worth millions of pounds from the Ritz Hotel a gang smashed windows on the ground floor and snatched the jewels 3 people were arrested as they tried to escape the government's welcoming the latest manufacturing figures which show u.k. Output is at its biggest level in nearly a decade it was 3.9 percent higher between September and November than in the same period in 2016 Karen ward an economist at j.p. Morgan says Britain is still behind the nations we're seeing in the u.k. Relativity elsewhere is growth relatively stable now that is still better than most predicted that the global environment has actually ended up being much stronger and I think that has supported u.k. Activity the u.k. Is still the lag ard. Bigamists whose crime was discovered when his wife saw him on live television with another woman has been jailed for 6 months Helen was watching Saturday Night Takeaway when she spotted her husband Daniel going tree who's from Ashford in Kent she was in court to see him sentenced it's made my daughter of all have it all is given. To college she's struggling with. I'm an adult I just get on to a lot of. A lot more. I've known him a long time and he's been lying for a long time. So I'm just glad the final act. Conservation charities say they've been overwhelmed by the number of orphan SEALs found along the Corniche coastline over the past few weeks record numbers of sick and abandoned perps have been discovered following the recent winter weather soothsayer is from the Comal seal group we've had a succession of storms over really high tides flooded all the beaches washed all they sail pups out without enough food inside them to survive Shabnam has the sport now Chelsea and Arsenal will go into the 2nd leg of their a.f.l. Cup semifinal with all to play for after the 1st leg a Stanford Bridge finished goalless the video assistant referee was used for the 2nd time in competitive in wish football during the game which so Arsenal captain Jack Wilshere go off with a sprained ankle he's now a doubt for the next match with Bournemouth also confirmed midfielder Francis Conklin is leaving the club and is close to completing a move to the Landsea only 3 Ashes players have been dropped by England for the tour of New Zealand in March Gary balance Jake ball and Tom Curran lose their places in the squad while Lanka Livingston gets a 1st test call up Ben Stokes is included though his involvement remains subject to any relevant legal or disciplinary developments and I'm you can says he plans to become a world champion again after confirming he'll return to the ring in April the Bolton boxer hasn't fought since losing in a knockout to Canelo. Alvarez inmate 2016 but a signed a 3 fight deal with promoter Eddie had his opponent will be announced next week this is b.b.c. 5 live on digital online smartphones and tablets and the weather now low cloud and patchy rain will linger in the east into the morning for the West there will be some close spells on frost and some dense fog patches to form lows have a night of 2 Celsius the morning will be largely dry aside from some patchy rain in the east fog will gradually left Scotland seeing the best of the sunshine with highs of 8 Celsius get more from b.b.c. 5 Live we fully on costs on I'm tally I'm Santa I'm fit and we often go sit and sit I did all the fat diets I did all the extremes along the way I made every mistake but yes it makes with fitness which is what I want you guys to learn focus on making health and fitness part of your life and not your title life taken in Hans so many things but it doesn't have to be obsessive and I think very high this week cost so trade exactly the fellas for d.c. Highlight download and subscribe now silage 5 live in your podcast. Tab. I'm going to have them write the u.k. On digital and online I'm Rod sharp We're up all night with journalist Michael Wolff newly published book Fire and furious doing extremely well it's number 2 on Amazon's worldwide best sellers list a number one on u.s. History and political science in the u.k. But not in the u.s. Where the wait for hard copy is between 2 and 4 weeks it can be delivered in 3 to 5 days fire and fury on the other was published in 2009 and is presently at number 55000 on the Imus in list not. 55 in military aviation I'm number 125 in billets are history the author of a history of the allied bombing of Germany in World War 2 has been getting nice little bump. All over Britain it's 5 past 25 pos night in Seneca Falls New York Amelia bloomer was a local woman who popularized a new form of clothing in the early 850 s. Bloomers were the scandal of their day 5 prostate and mine up North Dakota in the 880 s. When some people were digging for gold the residents of mine up became plains combers amassing huge bone piles of Buffalo remains for the fact lies a trade by past 7 in the chapel now known as the lady Our Lady of Peace and San Francisco see it all Santa Fe New Mexico the carved wood statue of the Madonna is at least 400 years old and was brought here by the Spanish of 56 in Eureka California best known for its grand Victorian mansions and less so for the remodel Gabriel wouldn't sculpture garden thronged with the work of a local gardener who was wrong material was old packing cases our news comes from c.b.s. . C.b.s. News on the hour. And Pam Colter 2 more bodies have been recovered bringing the death toll in Southern California mudslides to 17 more than 2 dozen people have been injured Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown says 100 homes are destroyed and hundreds of other buildings are damaged very stunning to see the extent of the devastation to see the breadth of the area that has been impacted so terribly by this rescue efforts continue c.b.s. Is Carter Evans has more more than 36 hours after the floods began its search and rescue teams were poking through mud with sticks looking for anyone who might be trapped there kind of doing what they do when there's an avalanche you go around and you poke them to feel something different to try to figure out what it is more than 100 people were rescued many from rooftops by helicopter. After previously saying he would talk to the Russia special council president truck now says we'll see what happens he spoke at a joint news conference with the prime minister of Norway I'll speak to attorneys I can only say this there was absolutely no collusion everybody knows that every committee I've been in office now for 11 months for 11 months they've had this phony cloud Robert Mueller's team of investigators has added a prosecutor who is considered an expert in cyber crime c.b.s. Is Gary Nunn with details 45 year old attorney Ryan Dickey is the 1st publicly known member of the Miller team specializing solely in cyber issues this indicates the investigation's also focusing on computer crimes that he has been part of various high profile computer crime prosecutions including a pending case against a file sharing site and a Romanian hacker known as Gucci for a day after the president hosted bipartisan lawmakers at the White House to talk about immigration reform Republican members of the House unveiled their immigration bill Judiciary Chair Bob Goodlatte our bill and chain migration and the visa lottery program reduces overall immigration levels takes the 1st steps toward moving our immigration system to a skills based system a problem at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas c.b.s. Is Larry Magid is there trying to hold a technology show without electricity it's pretty much a nonstarter I've been attending Fiesta per many years and although I've seen numerous occasions where they fell phones didn't work and there were problems with wife eye and other connectivity This is the 1st time I'm aware of the power going out the Dow fell 16 points today Nasdaq was down 10 outrage in a Louisiana town at the treatment of a teacher who questioned a superintendent's raise. Ok t.c. T.v. Video went viral showing a teacher dragged from a Vermilion Parish School Board meeting authorities say death threats against the school board members forced them to walk down a central office. Board President Anthony Fontana stands by is ordering a marshal to remove Hargrave when he kept asking questions during a public comment period no woman out of the board meeting that's what he was there for but Board member Laura Leboeuf says Funtown I was wrong I throughly believe that both should occupy the right Dave go in for c.b.s. News New Orleans at 84 Willie Nelson has a rigorous touring and recording schedule but illness has forced him to cancel some shows in Nevada and California the country music legend cut short a performance in San Diego this weekend after just one song he was coughing and seemed to have trouble breathing Pam Colter c.b.s. News well those mudslides. Are just so devastating for people in Southern California 17 people as we've said don't have died and more than a dozen still missing and the last of the Santa Barbara County Sheriff Bill Brown gave reporters an update we are saddened to report that the death toll has now risen to 17 with 2 additional fatalities recovered today the process of positively identifying the victims is a process that is slow it takes time and it cannot be rushed or coroner's office and our forensic unit are working around the clock to make careful identifications to be absolutely positive that we make the right identifications and to work with and notify the next of kin at this time we are not ready to release the names of the victims or identifying information but anticipate that we will be doing that in the near future we appreciate your patience as we go through this important process and we ask for privacy right now for the many family members who are dealing with the worst of circumstances but an hour ago we heard from the amount to see 2 resident whose house was directly in the path of the mud flow we heard there were 4 of the. My dad and rocks coming down the creek and we were worried for our tenants so we got in our car and drove down our driveway which is on the higher part of our property and we've got to the parking pad where my husband went to go down the stairs there's 5 stairs that go down and he realizes it's completely mud and that he couldn't get anywhere near the cottage and so we called to them they were in the house and we called 911 and asked for a rescue but unfortunately other people had much worse problems and they didn't come for us and 5 pm. Because they were my tenants were safe and. In the House and. The rain had stopped and it was just a matter of getting them out of there but then the fire people I demanded that we leave because we're on the creek and they were worried for more and that night so they helicoptered us out and the. Family staying at a hotel well Johnson so long to his property manager who has been helping firefighters in the evacuation zone today hello Jonathan hi are you good you must be pretty tired what have you actually had to do today. Yeah I'm exhausted to be honest we I've been working kind of. Taking breaks here and there are working nonstop just to try and get pathways cleared to different residences that are either directly affected or you know on the on the path to the destruction path of the month slide and yesterday we were I was working firsthand with fire rescue teams leading them on private roads and other areas they were familiar with kind of leading them to residences and to use either a ranch which is a hotel here and trying to help them get to where they need to be but 'd also keeping our distance and not trying to get in anybody's away because. Other an awful lot of what we would call bulldozers. Pushing stuff around at the moment yeah they're doing our best I mean it's taking some time to get the heavy equipment really where it needs to be just the sheer volume of mud and boulders the size of trucks that are in the way it's a piece by piece work here chipping away at something so large share 'd it's a process. You know it's been around again a house now almost 2 days and it's still looking for people and still trying to assess the overall size of the damage done and how to how to rescue people and how to how to clean this up it's truly just devastating view of you being with some when when they found people and had to rescue them from their houses. I haven't directly seen anybody rescued I have seen and know people that have been rescued and talked with them shortly thereafter a close friend of mine who actually lost their house completely and they were rescued 1st hand from fire fire rescue people Fire Rescue Department about had about $430.00 so this is about an hour a little less than an hour after the initial mudslide happen and today I was at the house which is well what's left of that and it's been condemned condemning now and it's just a mass I mean it was torn from its foundation as were the homes all around it and. The devastation is just profound I mean we're walking around in mud that's up to our waist. Mazing. What about. I mean you've just said you don't know how you're going to make it right because can you can you imagine what's going to happen on the sites that are just going to have to be abandoned you know that's that's some good speculation we wonder that till I wonder if they'll have to you know build upon the you know the the landscape has changed so much that we wonder if will have to build on what exists now or do we have there are some places where I think kind of forever changed there are places that will never go back to 'd the way that they. Ever were. Is still dry as the as the rain gone away do you think the rain is gone away today was a sunny day but it's. You know it's hard to say I've heard reports that this rain storm battered brought a total of 2 inches which in the grand scheme of things isn't that much rain and it was our 1st big storm but it's worrisome to think that perhaps there's more storms in the near future that could bring equal amounts of rain or even more rain and cause just as much destruction in other areas as. Well we hope not Jonathan thank you very much for talking to us of course thank you thank you Jonathan so long to talking to us from the evacuation zone there in Santa Barbara County NY with a red carpet became a sea of black at the 75th Golden Globes on Sunday as many of the actress wore black guns and tuxedos in protest the sexual harassment assault scandal in Hollywood and some even brought activists as the guests Susan Sarandon who was nominated for Golden Globe for her performance in feud Betty and Joan was accompanied by Rosa Clemente a community campaigner and political commentator who joins us know hello Rosa how are you thank you for have thank you very good to talk to us here 1st Golden Globes was it. My 1st I'm probably my last yeah. So how did how did the site come to be what happened. It started when a woman here Monica remarries wrote a letter on behalf of the Farm Workers Alliance here in the United States that fights for immigrant rights migrant rights undocumented people that work in the fields sent a letter to the women of Hollywood saying all of us deserve dignity in the workplace whatever that workplace may be and then Toronto Burke the founder of me too has been a friend of mine for over 20 years she said she wanted to bring other. Women organizers who've been doing this work for I mean in total over 120 years together but me myself 20 years plus. Pretty good so how did how did you end up with Susan sound and what actually happened. After all you got to walk down the red carpet I guess to do. Yeah I mean I've known Susan Sarandon for a long time she's been not just an actress she's been in a lot of what we call movements faces here and the United States especially around police brutality I mean she was arrested in the early 2000 so that we can get an indictment for a man who was murdered here by the name of Amadou Diallo and subsequently Susan was a Bernie Sanders supporter this time around she's also been a supporter of 3rd party politics which I've been a a Green Party member actually ran for vice president on the Green Party ticket in 2008 so I think we were a perfect match and in terms of the red carpet I mean one thing that I was definitely surprised in a good way was that all the journalists really did we the press packages and they weren't questions about what we were wearing our dresses or things like that there were a couple reporters that tried to do that but what the actresses really did is give up their speaking time so that we as the organizers could articulate and tell a live audience our specific project mind being work around what the he goal. Purgery co. So what did you have to tell people I mean the we were talking to a reporter Puerto Rico last night and. You know nominally 60 percent of the place has electricity again but it's it's a desperate situation isn't it. I'm Puerto Rican I was I'm born on the island but I was born in New York City and part of what we call the Puerto Rican diaspora I went there on October 6th we're a crew of 6 younger other media makers and we were reporting for over 12 days live and we've made 2 videos since our return back and you know to this day 112 days after Hurricane Maria half of the island is actually without power those that have power have rolling blackouts 90 percent of the people on the island do not have access to clean daily water most people are still eating meals from boxes that are chemically Laden no hot meals because there's no power most children are still not in school there's been a lot of medical neglect and in fact when I was there on October 6th I was reporting from the more because I captured footage and talked to the military where they were putting bodies inside trucks we frigidly to trucks to house them and many of those bought people were cremated it without their families ever being told so while the government was saying only 64 people had perished I have put the number in early October over a 1000 and now there's been subsequent investigative hard journalism that has that number at 1054 died during the hurricane and 10 days after the neglect from the United States government that includes both Democratic and Republican responses has been horrific and actually I think what is going on in port though he call can be viewed. As a crime against humanity and we actually need to depend more on the international community to put pressure on the United States I would wonder what it would be like for people let's say in a big city in the or let's say even whatever Brixton London Dublin Ireland to not have power for a $110.00 days imagine New York City without power for 3 days there be a chaotic apocalyptic response from the whole island holy river imagine New York City without power for 3 hours I know it and it would be insane and now we're talking about a $111.00 days. So where you were so this question I mean just to bring it briefly about the Golden Globes because that that sold so important but was the discussion at the table about this too I mean what kind of issues were discussed at the table night. Yeah all of us come from different organizations but all do that intersection a work of gender racial justice in fact. Maurice a large who is from from. The u.k. And runs a black feminist organization there was also she was the guest of Emma Watson so we all sat on our tables with our guests and yet we mingled and any time there was an opportunity for us to talk about whether it was Porto he called domestic workers black feminists queer women and in England. Workers and restaurants that are the least paid and the most sexually harassed especially women we took all the commercial break opportunities out of those discussion with different actors and actresses producers and directors and I have to say everyone from the minute we stepped on that red carpet till the last after party we left were. You know I don't like to say generous because it we're all organizers and we're teaching them something I think what we brought to the table was an ability for them to know that as at as Hollywood actors and actresses and part of the entertainment industry that they can link up with the organizers and activists that do the work they can elevate our work and we can tell in the issues you know and break it down to them and everybody was just it was it was in a wonderful amazing experience so to be able to kind of party hard but also work hard we walked the red carpet but we were also working that red carpet. And it's interesting of course now the Hollywood seems to have taken a lead and consciousness raising of all sorts but do you do you think this is a flash in the pan or do you think that this is pretty well big to the thing. Well I don't think it's Hollywood that's making the biggest stance this is work that's been happening in the United States ever since America was founded America has never been that Democratic beacon of light for many people in this country and we have strong legacy of black people and immigrant people and all nonwhite people in this country organizing because to this day our human rights here and our citizenship rights are not being met Now I do think that the women of Hollywood particularly those that are in the collective What time's up really mean that and I think they're completely not only you know very ready to learn from us and see how we do work as a movement where artists are part of a movement to me I've worked in a lot of movement spaces and without culture and well that artist speaking up you don't have a full movement so I think the women particularly that created time's up yes and they were already raised $70000000.00 for a legal defense fund that will give money to women who want to pursue cases or need some type of support as they're pursuing cases of not only sexual harassment in the workplace but sexual harassment in general in this society in the United States is so pervasive like our president himself is a rapist and a predator in chief and a sexual assaults are that's who our president is and it seems that the international community is recognizing that from day one and now it's taken over a year for the United States to catch up but the movement is alive in his fiery. As you say I should say or alleged in some quarters but because you can say we're going to. You know I have to say you don't right Rosa thank you especially for the news about Puerto Rico and we can come back to talk about it some more thank you for your time well thank you so much have a good night thank you bye bye Rosa Clemente talking to us about her significant role Sunday's Golden Globes just before half past 2. The my life really full of anyone else this is b.b.c. 5 Live and The news comes from Allison Hughes the morning risky workers are trying to find survivors following devastating mudslides and flash floods in Southern California 17 people are now known to have died with others still missing any chance providers which represents acute hospitals and ambulance services in England says the service cannot meet standards of care without more money it says if funding doesn't increase the quality will fall the government says the n.h.s. Was given top priority in the last budget. Plans to kid the use of plastic in the u.k. Will be announced by the prime minister later to reason may will say all avoidable plastic waste must be stopped by 2042 until it's supermarkets to have a plastic free. And police in Paris as searching for 2 members of a gang who stole jewels worth millions of pounds from the Ritz Hotel the thieves used to smash windows and get jewelry from display cases 3 people have been arrested those news headlines now shop now has this book a week ago Chelsea and Arsenal play down to a 22 thriller in the Premier League but it wasn't quite the same story in the a.f.l. Cup semi final 1st leg if it is goal is a Stamford Bridge with a video assistant referee being used for the 2nd time in competitive in English football Chelsea boss Antonio condé says both sides have an equal chance when it comes to the 2nd leg I think. We have 50 percent or both teams have a 50 percent percent or 2 to go in to play the final at Wembley I think today I don't concede a goal or 8 it was very important for us but at the centime hour we know very well that when. We are going to play in a way to get started you must be ready to fight after the game was invented confirmed midfielder Francis Conklin is leaving also and is close to completing a move to Valencia language about some a name Livingston is the only new name in England 16 months gone for the tour of New Zealand starting in March he gets a 1st test call up Ben Stokes is included though his involvement remains subject to any relevant legal or disciplinary developments there I'm see Mark Wood has been recalled and only 3 Ashes players have been dropped as cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew explains it does seem remarkable that despite their repeated collective failure in the Ashes ignorance top and middle order is set to remain unchanged for the series in New Zealand even visits of ice having averaged 26 at the key position of number 3 I don't see 22 in 12 tests overall indeed the only members of the ashes school to be dropped off bowl at ballots. But watches between them and the replacement covering nearly 2 years after his last professional fight ended in defeat he can compete at the highest level again when he returns to the ring in April Britain's former light welterweight world champion was knocked up by Mexico's Canelo Alvarez the May 26th in the 31 year old has now signed a deal with Eddie Hines Matchroom boxing and will fight in Liverpool against an opponent to be announced next week with me I'm a very hardworking fire. The 5 part be honest with you myself on me 2 years I want to give myself 2 years because I want to be pushing myself very hard not lay my experience when we face all my physical attributes and also with my techniques to win fights for me so I want to make sure that I am young I am hungry I am quick fit and an explosive in each hour of British Cycling Frank Slevin says he surprised the former chairman Bob how did is still the president of the governing body hadn't stepped down as chair of British Cycling in February prior to a report into the culture and practices that but remain the president I think it's safe to say I am surprised you know at the end of the day one of the reviews determined that previous conduct of the board had been inept inexcusable. So I think responsibility needs to be taken for that and form a new one boss Chase Carey has plans for a new race in the Danish capital Copenhagen possibly by 2020 b.b.c. 5 Live I'm Adrian Goldberg in every Sunday 5 Live investigates presents world class investigative journalism over 3 months period I dealt with some Her risk taking incidents we were at sea while $46.00 police forces crossed Unfortunately it's horribly horribly common this week we're looking into how millions of renters living in unsafe or unhealthy homes will ask what's being done to tackle the problem to speak of a rise residents worried about inadequate fire safety. Coalitions just stand to see my children still that's a piece describes the situation but as far as 100 Best case Sunday morning from 11 cross the u.k. This is b.b.c. 5 live up to date with. Hundreds of excited bios eager to read for themselves about president trumps reported bedtime among other things to find themselves reading a history of the way the Allies systematically bombed German cities in the belief this would hasten the end of World War 2 fire and fury the allied bombing of Germany in 1942 to 1945 is the work of the Canadian professor Randall Hanson Professor Hanson is apparently being confused with the tabloid journalist Michael Wolff whose book fire and fury has of course taken the bestseller lists by storm Well we reached Professor Hansen a little bit earlier and I asked him how he feels about his sudden notoriety this happened on Friday last Friday evening I'd gone out for dinner and then I was back in my room and I went out to Amazon quite casually and typed in a foreign fury and when I went to my book just which appeared just under Michael Wolff I thought that it suddenly shot up in the Amazon bestseller list. What Where had it been before 1 May want to ask Oh I know you may I'm afraid it was languishing the book came out 10 years ago and it sold well at the beginning and got some attention and was nominated some awards some good reviews but then after a few years it tapered off and the sales were very very low and so this sudden jump could only be attributed to Wolf's book and so equally casually I sent out a tweet suggesting as much and the next day found out that the tweet was was going viral. So did you hear from a lot of people who had accidentally bought you. A not not directly I there were a couple of angry tweets to the effect that they had bought this book and they had no intention of reading it and then if you take if one goes to Amazon or on i like Donald Trump it yes exactly and if I can on Amazon dot com One review says. This book got nothing to do with Donald Trump but I don't want the Democrats are so excited about it so so clearly a few people made a mistake I think what happened there after is all the likes and the discussion on Twitter and some of the media attention meant at least I hope that people began buying the book because they were interested in it but we'll see will always try to number of returns. Why did you call your book fire and fury Yeah I was I struggled with the title for quite a while I was trying to capture 2 ideas one was literally the role of fire in the bombing war because most German cities were destroyed mainly by fires can created by and Scindia bombs rather than high explosives that was the fire and I wanted to also capture what I describe in the book as Arthur Harris Bomber Harris as Harris's Cromwellian zeal in destroying German cities and his determination by the end of the war to destroy every German city before it ended that was the fury and before that I had sort of toyed with hell's fury and that sounded like a videogame Inferno had been overused and some of Max Hastings chapters for example so fire and furious when I landed with and I like alliteration So that's literal too right right. Bomber House has come in for a lot of criticism over the world over the years do you do spare time at all or do you know of a lot of it was quite culpable imo I am part of that part of the strain of thought I think one could have given by my Harris a pass if. The evidence suggested that at the time we didn't know any better at the time there weren't any alternatives we weren't sure what the effective area versus precision bombing was and we thought it might have won the war for us you know has got that all been the case one could say well or to speculate this was the wrong thing to do but at the time it was a reasonable choice I don't think the evidence supports that in particular from 144 when it was clear that attacks on German oil supplies were really destroying Germany's capacity to wage war Harris refused to throw Bomber Command on those as much as he could have and he continued and indeed increased his aerial bombing campaign of German cities right to the end of the war and indeed he destroyed Potsdam basically after the war had a bombing war been drawn down and against Churchill's explicit wishes so no. I'm afraid he doesn't do well out of my book. And this will sound like a naive question what application do you think this was to the modern reader perhaps to somebody who was hoping to read about President Trump you know I don't know I don't have night night to tell it's the question that needs to be asked I think there is a connection because we have in the office of the we have the president's office an unstable narcissistic demagogue. Who loves to threaten war and who I'm afraid has brought us closer to war than any time within recent memory probably since some of the darker days of the Cold War even though that was internationally in some sense a much more stable situation given that context given this president some people because of my book reflect on the other horrors of a war even a conventional war for the civilian population what war does to human bodies how difficult it is to maintain our moral principles once the war continues its people reflected all of that I regard that as a very positive and frankly that matters much more than whether more people buy my book or not Professor Randall Hanson talking to us from Toronto could a wildly unstable star like a pulse are actually of a habitable planet so orbit it's a key in the sky among us stronger as I've been talking about it with Ben Shaw from the Center for Astrophysics so is a very tiny object there only about 10 to 20 kilometers across but the remnants of dead massive stands so when huge great big stars times the much bigger than the Sun Run out of fuel they explode in supernova explosions and what's left behind is these little tiny object called a neutron star and they're incredibly exotic objects and as you say it's heat a couple of astronomers have decided to calculate what the habitable zone around a pool would be where would a planet has the potential to support life be around the pole sun. And they actually found that it is actually possible and this isn't expected because Paul sales primarily in the x. Rays from the surface and this just isn't good for life at all on thing you know only supposed to have so many x. Rays a year. So having a persistent x. Ray source near your planet probably isn't very good Zaveri good for for our code of life for any real bubbly not know but they also put these thoughts to cast a large bursts of x. Rays occasionally that make our solar flares look rather pathetic and they're also the most strongly magnetised objects we know of in the universe so just put some numbers on the Earth's magnetic field is about 300000000 hours a magnet you might have a new fridge is about 50 couse a pulsar is a 1000 trillion galaxies. And that's. How could you yeah I mean how could possibly see the planet running our own the pulse our crew could support any sort of life well what we look for is an area around that pulsars where water can exist as a liquid if you think about our own solar system if you go too far out to Saturn's moons are somewhere lie that water can exist as a liquid it can only exist as a solid because of the temperatures there Conversely if you come a little bit further into as Mercury is simply too hot for water it'll just evaporate away where we are at the Earth is a sweet spot where water can exist as a liquid and that we call the habitable zone of the Goldilocks zone now the Shouldn't you know in principle be habitable zone around a pulsar because of all these horrible conditions but actually it turns out if you have a large enough planet what the authors of the study called a super Earth this is something that's maybe 5 to touch 5 to 10 times the mass of the Earth a planet that big can hold on to a very thick atmosphere and so these persistent x. Rays and even these extra bursts that come off of these poor science. Should be absorbed by this atmosphere and not actually penetrate down to the surface of a planet that might be around the pool sun and so you can think of this nice blanket of atmosphere that protects any life. That's on that planet or in just the planet's surface that allows life to get going from those x. Rays and sort of calculated that this planet would have to be as a says somewhat larger than the Earth. And so there is a happy to pull zone for a particular pole so that they stood it called $1257.00 plus 12 which is known to have 3 planets if that if there was a planet one of the planets about a 3rd of the distance from the earth to the sun or not point 3 a year if you like. That planet would be able to support life if it was there. It's bizarre very very very theoretical it's the art they also hypothesize what this life might actually be like if you think about it. Somewhere where this atmosphere was quite this thick probably wouldn't be any astronomy taking place you wouldn't be able to see the stars because they compared it to the kind of life you get in the deep ocean trenches here on Earth where there's no sunlight gets that deep towards the you know the very or shim floor and so it might be the case that there's just some little critters running around completely oblivious to the environment they're in and how she is. Well Jupiter and Mars are still visible but they won't be visible together for a long no no this is that this is a great time to do some early morning astronomy actually so was the moon rises this morning as this goes out if you listen into this live it won't be on it so on alongside it very close together on Mars and Jupiter Jupiter glows brilliantly you'll see it whether you're looking for it or not Mars not so much but you can certainly see if you're out and looking if let's think if you want to better impression of what's what think of a clock and let's stick Jupiter in the center the moon will be at 11 o'clock and Jupiter will be at 7 o'clock so the farm and I saw a little triangle and so yeah you are there are many nights left in which you can see this but it's a really nice thing to see if you're out about and a power about $430.00 in the east. And the rising in Libra and Libras one of these constellations and even in dark stars it can be quite difficult to pick out because the stars are self in so this is a good chance to take a look at least constellations with this constellation with our star chart so if you go on with your binoculars if you've got some binoculars all the better so if you go back to that clock we were just imagining with Jupiter that Jupiter at the center at 2 o'clock is Libras brightest star called Zyban l.g. Newby which is a brilliant word to say I'm probably getting it wrong the through the thing about astronomy is you see a lot of words written down that you almost never hear anybody say so astronomers are just constantly mispronouncing things but if you put a pair of binoculars on this little star you actually reveal it to be a beautiful double star and so you know you might not get another chance to really see that because it is so hard to find but these planets provide a nice marker. Good well talk about no other chance you've got to be up in a boat on Saturday morning around 730 absolutely if you're with incoherent on Sunday morning at 730 go out and have a look at Santa. Mercury they will rise together in the southeast now depending on your eyesight you might be able to do this with the naked eye they write their birth rise very close to when the sun rises and so the beast of best in the sunlight although the sun will be below the horizon it will be scattering light over the horizon towards you and so it will be in the morning twilight but if you look towards where the sun is about to rise you'll see 2 dots the lower and brighter of the 2 is Mercury and the upper and dimmer of the 2 is Saturday but just be careful if you're going to try and look at this and you do have some binoculars if it turns out to keep an eye on this where the sun is just with the naked eye as soon as you see the sun reach the horizon it's time to put those binoculars away but you don't have long to see it maybe 45 minutes by 815 the tsunami up and they'll be gone from they'll be they'll be gone from the sky completely in the sun's glare so it's a nice thing to see if you've got the time in a few minutes on Sunday morning. I. Know this one where you start with a telescope and it just gets more and more interesting after that so what are we looking for so well last time we talked about Gemini so if we move on 111 Zodiac constellation along we seem to have in this year to that or the Zodiac we move into the constellation of cancer and lightly but this is a really really think constellation you just can't see it really with the naked eye at all but the most attractive feature in this thing is a cluster of stars it's called the beehive cluster and it's basically it's an open cluster it's a group of hot young stars there are only maybe a few 1000000 years old. And it's it's a lovely open cluster and this is basically formed of new stars that are gradually moving apart and this is a kind of environment the sun was born in so if you look to find this if you look. At the stars Castor and Pollux which we talked about last time and I believe my colleague Charlie has been on talking to you about the star Regulus if you draw a line between those 2 stars in the middle of the middle of that line you'll see this lovely. Below cluster. And if you just move binoculars a little west south of that you'll see another lovely cluster the same type of thing another up and close to called the king cobra cluster which is a similar object just a little bit further away. So I won't bother looking any other stars in consequence the basically just very very faint indeed. And purely for curiosity because you're not going to see them there is actually a meteor shower going on just as there is and it's Rhydian which is the technical term for where all those meteors appear to emanate from is in the common in this constellation of cancer this meteor shower is called the Delta conquer it and as you say it's quite feeble as meteor showers go it's not like the Perseids other urine and he actually has a Zen ether hourly read which basically is the number that you'll see per hour is for so that's a lot less than the just background burst of meteors that you might get from just dust flying around in the solar system but as my electrodynamics lecture when I was at university used to say this is a nice to know not need to know so if you do see a meteor if you're out and about you should see one roughly every 15 minutes it might be from cancer but the chances are it's just to custard burst from somewhere in the sky. Sure well be anchored O'Grady is with us to talk about some of the stories I've been catching in the science journals this week or Bianca Hello Raj. We begin with Jean's blue jeans that is we do we get them like that. Yes well. Jeanne the blue color of denim has actually from a substance called Indigo so Indigo was actually originally a plant based diet and it's extracted from plants of the genus Indigo funnily enough mostly as anyway and these are found in tropical regions and indigo has been around for a very long time so actually the earliest evidence of indigo dye was actually in a 6000 year old sample of cotton fabric founded Peru but since we've all sort of moved to that point where we'll pretty practically live in Jane's will certainly I do We needed something that could be mass produced and so a synthetic version of indigo was developed in the light in hundreds but unfortunately synthetic Indigo that the process of dying with synthetic Indigo actually involves some pretty toxic chemical processes including a lot of bleach and there's been a lot of concern lightly about the kind of environmental health and human health consequences of these the production of synthetic Indigo So a group of researchers from California have basically gone back to the natural world back to the drawing board to work out how we might be able to produce indigo in a less toxic manna and so what they looked at was it was how plants produce indigo and what they found so what we know is that Indigo is actually stored in plant lays in the form of a molecule called indication which is this is very stable it's colorless it doesn't really do anything but it's that's kind of what the plant needs and the indication is made by produced by combining in Doxil with glucose so in Doxil is the actual precursor to indigo So it what happens in Doxil reacts with with oxygen and then that's what makes Indigo So what they did was they they identified the genes in these plants that code for the production of indication which is the stable kind of if you think of it a little bit like a store a way of storing. Indigo and so they inserted these genes into a column bacteria to make them produce indication but then you've got to find a way to convert the indication back to in Doxil which can then react with oxygen to turning to in dark. Wood chemistry lesson going to do so they not only had to produce the indication they had to work out a way to remove to convert it back to an Doxil and so they did develop an enzyme that takes off that glucose molecule that makes in Doxil into indication So what the result is that you produce huge amounts of the Into can it's not unstable it's colorless you can transport it you can store it doesn't do anything but then what you do is you dissolve that you add this enzyme that removes the glucose group from the indication molecule what you're left with that is in Doxil which immediately then reacts with oxygen to produce indigo and dyes your clothes blue so if it's a little bit complicated but the advantage is that none of the toxic chemicals that are normally used to to make it to go I required so it's really doing what we should be doing so many systems which is instead of trying to reinvent the wheel is actually go back and look at how things are done in nature and then do our best to mimic that So it's it's a really interesting development and I guess that the challenge now is can you scale us up to industrial levels which you know when you're talking about bring up bacteria and from any bacteria I mean that's something that doesn't necessarily require a lot of resources it's not like you need a huge huge amounts of chemicals to do that as you just need something to the bacteria to to feed on and away you go. But it doesn't mean you feel like comfortable in your jeans knowing that they are such big polluters no idea well it's been a lot of they've actually been a lot of campaigns around trying to address this issue and to to make people aware I mean I think that you know genes have had other issues in terms of for example continent self is an enormously water intensive crop and so I think unfortunately you know speaking as someone who lives in denim it's it is one of those. Accessories of the modern world that does have a significant environmental cost but thankfully I mean people are developing more environmentally sustainable forms. Of dye and also obviously trying to work out how to make cotton a Morse environmentally sustainable crop so that you know there's lots of work being done in this area but this one's really neat you know I like this idea of kind of learning from nature again marvelous wonderful. We turn to the fossilized teeth of pterosaurs which I don't know whether the pre the cess of the birds or. To is not a complicated argument. That's a that's a very good question I actually don't know the answer to that question but I think the precursors of birds were much more the kind of very very small dinosaurs who survived survived the Estoril or didn't survive the sort of the subsequent. Winter so I don't know that the ticks the terror cells were quite big These were the kind of the flying Donna cells that allegedly are the world the dinosaurs are that go either long on huge orchestras wings or well yes that's certainly the popular image of them but one of the guests if you could call it a mystery around pterosaurs is exactly what they ate because working out a dinosaur diet is kind of tricky I mean obviously the structure of the tape can give us a clue we can you know you can tell which way the the vegetarians in which weren't but unless you happen to find a dinosaur with fossilized stomach contents or you find a dinosaur that's fossilized in flagrante eating something it can be very difficult to work out and so with the pterosaurs for a long time it was thought that they just ate fish because most Tarasoff fossils were found in coastal areas and so we see and you know they're basically I guess. The way pelicans do all the way you know Raptors do. Eagles Sea Eagles and things like that but a group of researchers have actually taken a very close look at the minute scratches and the where entailment fossilized taste of terror cells and then they're comparing those from scratches to sort of wear and tear that you see on the tape of modern animals so bats all news it's all crocodiles and crocodile relatives and it's a very interesting way of going about it I mean we citizen studies of humans as well you know humans we can say what they ate how they act based on the sort of wear and tear on their taste but with these races they found what one species of terror saw which is I'm probably going to mispronounce but I think it's ram for rink us they had the same whip. Atoms on their teeth as Galleria will switch are relative to crocodile which do eat fish so it's like Ok well there's one tear sold it that clearly it's fish so that's that's good but then they looked at another species called Di Mulford on and this one's been a bit of a puzzle because it tastes shaped a bit like a prophet and so they thought maybe it's fish the way a puff and it's fish but the other mystery here was that they'd worked out that it was a very good fly OS So when they looked at the where patterns on its teeth they actually suggested it was much more land based insects and animals so it suggests in this case with this particular puff and sorry particular terrorists will that it was actually much more of a land based predator and possibly wasn't even that good at flying so you know we have this image of these terrorist cells being They're literally the terrorise of the sky but it may be that some of them were actually much more land based and didn't really. You know Hunter embassy or Marine Coast areas at all so I'm trusting you know the well we're always learning little things our way from from fossils and I'm building huge stories about tiny little pieces so I suppose the fossilized teeth of pterosaurs are not that big No I mean they don't actually know how big they got I mean a. Killer on the the movies they did seem to be terrifyingly large but I think you know Eldon missiles there was the full spectrum of sizes and you know something that sort of puff in size and shape and slightly less terrifying than that it might otherwise be. Right this story about the green turtles It's so sad isn't it the that by turtles seem to be dying out. They are it's a this is a really interesting one I think because to kill a because you know we're in this warming world and there are certain types of animals that totals and reptiles such as crocodiles and they have what's called temperature dependent 6 determination so that means that the sex of their offspring is decided by the temperatures that they are exposed to while they're in the egg so if you have warmer temperatures then you get more female offspring and we're not really sure why this exists and what the evolutionary reason is forward but what these researchers have been looking at is the green turtles of Australia's Great Barrier Reef and the reef has suffered enormously with warming temperatures and ocean temperatures and what they found were that they sampled. Over $300.00 of these wild foraging grain turtles and they found that the turtles that came from nesting beaches in the coolest southern regions of the raif they were skewed towards having more famous but it was around 65 to 69 percent of Fame owls but when they looked at the turtles who were born on the warmer northern nesting beaches as many as 99.8 percent of these turtles particularly the young turtle a young adult totals were female so listen point 2 percent one mile and this was the case so the juveniles there was 99 percent of them were with fame Alan 86 percent of the adult turtles and so if they're actually saying that if we continue to have these warming trends you could get to a stage where mild Hershel's would disappear entirely which would essentially mean the population would crash and going to become extinct.

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