Welcome. Thank you, charlie. Charlie so this is the easiest way to make a buck i know. Put your columns together and there it is. Its not that easy, is it . Some of them are my columns and new material, in a tom sawyer move, i forced my brothers and sisters to write original essays. I have a really long essay on my 30 years with the bush fall and i have all of my letters from papi bush, not all of them, i used snippets of them and how we were able to maintain what he calls a love hate relationship all through the six or seven years i was writing critical columns about his son. Charlie what do you call it, love, hate, or Something Else . I never feel love or hate for politicians, i try and save those emotions for my exboyfriends or boyfriends. Charlie or future boyfriends for goodness sake. Thats not how i think of politicians. You know, he represents the lost world of bipartisanship and civility charlie desensey. The letters are really fun. Charlie he loves to write letters, too, he is famous for writing notes and letters. He didnt write a memoir and so he reveals himself, he has a book of letters and then he reels himself. Thats a form he feels really comfortable with. Charlie describes what politics mean to you. What they mean to me. Charlie what they mean to you. Is this the great game of our time, for example . Is it the most interesting spectacle that anybody could observe and right about, is it what . I watched your shows on shakespeare recently and in fact i watched them all twice because they were so wonderful. And i majored in shakespeare in college and its the closest thing to me that you can get to being a royal court reporter. Its the drama. How people respond to power, you know, how either they become better people or it corrupts them or the pressure theyre under in a campaign is the closest thing you can get to that. Now im a game of thrones fan for the same reason, all of hose alliances and feuds and trying to get power, its fascinating. Charlie but not murder. Not yet. We got 55 days to go. Charlie trump keeps talking about it. In a sense, i could shoot someone on fifth avenue and they wouldnt convict me, and on her, she could shoot somebody and she wouldnt be convicted. The most incendiary political rhetoric we have ever heard, the craziest. I used to call political strategists to help me analyze the campaigns and now i call shrinks. Charlie the psychologists and shrinks. Right. Charlie do they give you helpful advice to understand why donald trump is the way he is and why Hillary Clinton is the way she is . Yes, because with hillary, its sort of a nixonan paranoia. With trump, he lacks empathy, so he doesnt understand why he can heckle people and insult them and they get mad at him and then when they do something to him, he doesnt understand. For instance, he didnt understand why the bushes wouldnt come to his convention. He was really hurt, but he doesnt understand he eviscerated them, both of them, because he said, w, right. Charlie he cant understand why they wouldnt want to come to his convention. He is mystified. Charlie you have known him for two decades, had the phone relationship with him. I have seen him a lot. Charlie has the person you have known over the years the same person that you see campaigning today . In one sense, the same and in one sense opposite because on the 199 foray, the plane, the fake french impressionist paintings, so i said to him, why do you think voters would vote for you and he said because i get good ratings on larry king or more precisely because i get the best ratings on larry king. So even then it was ratings. And then he said because a lot of men hit on melania. So he was saying he had that ego arithmetic that he uses, the numbers are sentinels of his success. That has not changed. He still, even on tv this week, he was giving the number, the high number of his testosterone count as an example. Charlie testosterone count . He was telling dr. Oz that he had a really high number. Charlie you think that will be in the medical report . It is, yeah. So everything with him is the numbers. But on the other hand, he has completely changed. He was this sort of white rapper, greed is good kind of new york liberal, so you have these two new york democrats running against each other, but now he is either pretending to or has morphed into antiabortion charlie you think thats genuine . Antigun control. No, i dont think any of it is genuine. I think he is a salesman trying to make the sale at any given moment so he will say what he needs to do to make that sale like any Good Real Estate salesman. Charlie you said once, i was worried if i wrote something that made him mad, he would send out one of his midnight tweets about me, she started as a three, now she is a one and then you said i would be upset. For a while, i didnt want to write something about him. I was kidding. I was kidding about that. Im expecting that tweet any minute though maybe as i walk out the door. Charlie you dont really care . God no. Charlie do you think he can win . Anything can happen you know. Charlie of course, it can. I think that this week because hillary made some mistakes last week, she called his voters including my family the basket of deplorables. Charlie one half of his were deplorables. The problem is she is doing what she says is so awful what he does, take a whole group of people and generalize. Charlie a big mistake that mitt romney made, too. Exactly, so that wasnt good. The health scare, i agree with David Axelrod that its more about self than health because the health scare was a microcosm of the problem she always has had for the last 25 years which is something relatively mundane happens that could be cleared up easily in a few days or a few minutes and instead of just being transparent and clearing it up, she hunkers down, has the war room, is really defensive and secretive and she is like this idealistic Public Servant who wants to make the world a better place, but then sometimes she also makes decisions from a dark place of fear and insecurity that trips up the idealistic servant. Charlie on, that how is she different if her husband . I dont think he in all of these cases for the last quarter century, he is not the one who wants to hunker down and demonize opponents and fight the press. He goes along with that if she insists, but George Stephanopoulos said if he could get a genie out of a bottle and change one thing, it would be to give Washington Post the white water papers and it would be over in a week. It led to seven independent counsels and the taxpayers paid 80 million that led to impeachment. She has a pattern to say she had pneumonia, we all understand that. Charlie some people on her staff in brooklyn had pneumonia. I have been on a book tour for two days, im exhausted. Everyone knows you get sick and tired, so no one would have held that against her. I guess the outright was to trying to make it a squender issue that women arent as strong as men and she responded to that. Charlie look at trump on the birther issue, for example. Everybody says he no longer believes that. He doesnt say that. He can go out front giuliani Charlie Conway has said it, too. I asked him about it . Charlie what does he is a . He says no comment. Charlie he said the first thing he first started experiment with that group of people within the right wing of the republican party, but its the same thing. Its the same thing. Youre right, but in his head, he thinks he is doing what he needs to do now and then later hell be really flexible. He said to me, the New York Times will be very happy with me when im president because i will be the kind of president they like. So i think in his own head, he thinks he is doing what he needs to do now and then i said to him, i dont recognize you on the public stage. You are this bigoted person who is spreading hate. Thats not the person i knew in new york for three decades. I wasnt a friend of his, but i would interview him on occasion. He said i can be that person again. I can be very president ial, but i think he just feels that he is riding this train and he doesnt realize that train is taking him to very dark places that he cant return from. Charlie i think you said the following, no one is more surprised than he is that this thing, this adulation from tens of thousands of people in an arena would be for him. Exactly. Charlie and its intoxicating. Yes, exactly. Charlie he doesnt want to do anything that will break that bond. Right, thats exactly right. Charlie people who come here and talk about this all the time and talk about, which election will be decided whether its a referendum on him or her. And the caveat is if its a referendum on her, that in fact he is not the perfect vessel, but because its a referendum on her, theyll take him believing that he cant be any worse than what has happened before which is a gross revisionism of history. But that is his idea. If its a referendum on her, theyll accept him and they dont think he is perfect. They know that he changes his mind. They know he is a raging ego maniac, they know all of that. He is in 2016 the change agent. Thats why voters are fearful and anxious and depressed because they have to vote against someone, not for someone. They have got these candidates who have historically high unpopularity ratings. They seem to be getting higher by the minute. Charlie if he loses, having convinced himself or at least convinced himself to the point of being able to merchandise himself that he is the worldest reatest winner and on a day in november, he could become the worlds biggest loser, will he simply rationalize that and say it wasnt me, it was fixed. Thats why he started doing the thing about the system is rigged. I do think it would be sort of devastating if he has to shrink back to new york as a looser. His whole brand is about winning. I dont know how you continue the brand unless you change the name to a vanka. Charlie or the business with roger. Are you fascinating what roger is doing with him . Yes, its so weird and all of these kind of motley crue that i have covered my whole in er sort of combining this strange toxic brew. Charlie your brother and your sister are voting for him. When you say why, what do they say . Well, you know, if you read charlie these are conservative irish catholics. Right, its funny because the other columnists are going on some Margaret Mead anthropoe logical road trip, theyre driving to kentucky looking for that strange exotic screen tour called a trump voter. One of the columnists wrote an open letter and he said, i would like to find a trump voter and reason with them so if i could just find one to come forward and all i have to do is go home, you know. I dont even actually have to get in my car. I think their essays are really interesting because theyre agonizing the way a lot of traditional conservatives are agonizing. Paul ryan is not allowed to talk about this right now. If you read their essays, you can see the kind of agonizing mental process that paul ryan is going through where they want to be republicans, they do not want to vote for Hillary Clinton. They want the supreme court, but they cant abide some of the things trump is doing. Charlie since you know him so well, you can answer the question. Is he fit to be president . You know, having covered all these presidencies, the qualifications issue is interesting when i think about it because if you take dick chaney and donald rumsfeld, you would have thought they were the two most qualified people on earth. Charlie certainly the most experienced along with bush 41 and along with hillary now. They led us into the worst Foreign Policy mistake in american history. So its hard to tell and convince, there is a great quote from harry truthan where he says you cant tell in advance how someone will take the responsibility of being president. Also you dont know what historical event is going to hit. If 911 hadnt hit, w probably would have been a very popular president. Charlie vietnam hadnt hit before he was president , Lyndon Johnson would have been one of our great president s, on civil rights, great concern for those social measures that changed peoples lives. Right, exactly. Charlie hillary, tell us what her gift is. What makes people, she walked into this nomination, everybody thought it was herself and Bernie Sanders showed up and he found a constituency that was not hers, millennials to the left of where she was, but she has impressed people like David Petraeus and people like bob arack nd people like b obama. Maureen when you think about what hillary has been through, i mean, i feel really sorry for her when i think about this trajectory because she thought it was hers in 2008 and then its like game of thrones, the young handsome africanamerican prince comes along and usurps the queen. Charlie equally great claim on history, the first. Yes, she and obviously bill were dumbfounded by that, so acted out and was really upset and so then Charlie Jesse jackson. She loyally waits her turn and works for barack obama and then, you know, this time comes and she is again almost usurped but this time by this cranky 74yearold socialist, i mean, what are the odds . Who got the best of all of the young women who were supposed to be excited by her. So then she kind of finally sends him off and then she gets like, you know, this kind of short fingered bulgarian who is like a toon. Like who killed jessica rabbits. Its this toon and now has come and drawing close charlie closing the race and behaving. From her point of view it must be like what the heck is happening here. Charlie bill wants to be set loose. I did an interview with him. Right, it was a great interview. Charlie thank you. He is anxious to get out there because he thinks, he said to me, i can go find, give me two weeks, i can go find out what it is with the working men and women in america, what it is with the people under similar lines who tend to want to support trurp, what its about and can reason with them and explain my wife to them. I believe he believes that. He had to do that for barack obama at the convention in 2012. Amazingly, right, barack obama as it turned out doesnt like politics. Charlie Richard Nixon and jimmy carter. Right, he likes to be above the fray, but politics is the fray. But bill is not as much as a pure boon to her as he was in 2008 because charlie less popular. Africanamericans are reluctant to vote for her partly because of bills record on criminal justice. Charlie incarceration which he has apologized for. And nafta which is no longer charlie all part of the center when she has moved away from the center. Right. Charlie what would be more fun just from the perspective, you have defined yourself. Tell me, and do it again for me, what is it that interests you in terms of your column . How do you think maureen dowd sees the world in a way that other columnists dont . What is it that attracts her powers of observation . Yeah, i am really not so interested in the horse race. Charlie policy . Im interested in policy as it pertains to the person. For instance, you know, i have this essay in this book where i rereported the whole relationship of papi bush and w, the fatherson relationship. Their breeding and competition ended up in the worst Foreign Policy mistake in history. The family dynamic charlie you believe the iraq war was about the son trying to do something his father didnt do and trying to at the same time revenge his father because Saddam Hussein tried to kill his father. Yes, and i went back and rereported the whole thing and i hope like with john meacham, i have done a definitive essay on this. So voters go along and they think theyre voting for someone and they dont realize and the clintons have been the same, you know, that theyre also dealing with this family dynamic that helped determine the results of these huge policy decisions that affect a lot of lives. Charlie so therefore, you also have been, you really are interested in the interplay of all those shakespearean qualities, greed like hillary, you know, health care, she did not listen to bills advice and he didnt insist on helping her with it, the my way or highway the advice, it was very secretive. Bill could have helped her, but that was when the arkansas trooper paula came out and one of her Top Health Care aides said to me, she had a 100 pound fishing wire around his balls are we allowed to say balls . Charlie yes, we are. Its nighttime. Charlie feels like it in the studio. It feels like a casino, if you never know if its anyways night or day, you never know it. Charlie and no clocks on the wall. Understanding what i just talked to you about it is that interests you, the shakespearean issues and how they affect policy thats what i meant to tell you about shakespeare, the peal of trump, there is this longing for the strong outsider, washington has been so dysfunctional and ted cruz tried to burn down the capitol and the republicans had all of these promises about obama care and immigration that they didnt keep. There is a longing for an outsider and there was a general, but that strong person we saw with perot, i think there is a longing for that. Then they turned out to be kind of nuts. Charlie what would be more interesting, donald trump in the white house with all that might happen or Hillary Clinton and bill clinton in the white house . Well, this is interesting because in hollywood, the only storyline they care about is bill clinton as first lad or as first vlade which he says laddie which he says he wants to be called in the same way was mesmerized by sarah palin, a young woman could play the dick chaney role. So now there was an old movie with Fred Mcmurray and polly bergen where he played the first lad. But hollywood is just completely enthralled by that storyline. And so hillary has said, oh, she would continue to pick out the china and chelsea could do the hosting and bill could be in charge of the economy. I think it would be a Real Public Service if he had to pick out the china and do that because then it would underscore how that role is. You have women like hillary and michelle in the role who have the exact same educational and qualifications doing it. If we saw bill clinton do it, we might modernize the role. Charlie i said to hill, i want you to give me more than anybody else. Always the same, ill do whatever he she wants me to do, that tells me nothing. What about the envoy to the middle east. You came closer than anybody else had and you could see that that idea in his eyes when i talked about it, he got, it appealed to him, noble prize opportunity, too, he doesnt have a noble prize. Also, i watched him, i covered him, i went to ireland with him when he was trying to help with the irish Peace Process and he knew every street in northern ireland. He knew everything and i think he would be charlie irresistible. He would be wonderful. Charlie he would be very good at it. I think that obama should have appointed him, but i think there may have been some rule about it because, i guess he cant, if in fact he is elected, he cant be a member of the government, can he, you cant appoint your husband or can you . He appointed her on health care and that was 16 charlie that was a cabinet job or was it . No, it was just charlie a commission or something. It was kind of like do it. Charlie i dont know this, some constitutional scholar, maybe 10 of them will tell me as to whether he could be secretary of state. I dont think he can be secretary of state. Well, Robert Kennedy got to be attorney general. Harlie he did, the brother. Hmmm. It will be hard for him, if youre secretary of state and bill clinton running around the world representing his wife, that makes secretary of state a bit less appealing. Thats true. A range he does have of talents, not as a citizen, but as a journalist, if trump is president , ill be there every day from noon till midnight on twitter. Charlie looking for what. It would just happen. It would just be insane. Charlie do you worry . You have to understand, charlie, i have gone through entire years of my career where i covered bob dole who was very grumpy for a year and not happy charlie but funny. He really wasnt funny as a president ial candidate. He really wanted to be back on the treadmill watching cspan. I covered Michael Dukakis for i year. I said what do you do for fun . He said black mulch. What do you do with black mulch . I put it on my tomato plants. That wasnt much fun. Charlie actually david wrote a column on Something Like that. He basically said we dont know what she likes, even with obama u know he loves golf and bubble and books become babble and books all the time. Bill, you know what he liked. And fred hyatt wrote that trumps big thing is being a charlie both of those. Maureen he is like the guy you sit down at a dinner and he talks about him. Charlie is it fair to say, in your mind it is not whether i like them or do not. It is how i see them at moment. Maureen exactly. I am so proud of you for knowing that. So true. Charlie how do you see obama at this moment in his presidency as he looks at three or four months to go. s numbers are going up because people compare him to the vulgar. They are getting another take shigoss. Mission us mi they do not want to go back to 1600 where donors are in the lincoln bedroom and on air force one. His numbers are going up. He has no shadow. Charlie as you know there is the great contradiction that the numbers in terms of right direction, wrong direction for the country are way down. His numbers are up and people think youre going in the wrong direction. Maureen yeah. I think, i went to [indiscernible] and when you are with him just as a reporter, when you are with so classy and his and tois so incredible me, inspirational the way they raised those girls. Charlie it is. Maureen if you see in the book in praisei start out at i think he wanted to be transformational president and i asnk he was not because James Carville said it is like Peyton Manning not liking football. It is like bill gates not liking computers. President somehow charlie i do not think he like some of the aspects. Maureen he does not like being a salesman. Thisie i have asked about and he said that is not true, i do like politics. He does not like what people think is essential to be in politics. He does not like the stroking, the inane conversation. She has said she would do it. Also i just think he does not like the cheap emotion. , in aere is a lot of admitted andhe has axelrod said with those moments where you have to comfort a jittery public after the christmas bombing. Get it you said if i wrong, tell me. He is transformational simply because of who he is. And you said that is no small thing. Clicks gosh, no. He was like Luke Skywalker with the force. He wanted to bring together red and blue and black and white and now those two things are worse than never. That is surely not his fault. Had he had used some gopro greece. Even if they are fighting and obstructing, try. Charlie this is about america and our leadership in the world and where we stand and what kind of country we are. That is what happens when you choose a president. On the other hand, as a , isnalist, it is also about this the most fun campaign you covered, is this because we have the two least popular people ever to run for the office given the we have had a lot of unpopular people to run for the office. Manyso many wars and so insecurities, and so many over the top personality traits. Maureen it started out as kind of wicked fun. Charlie i like that. Maureen trump was exposing a lot of hypocrisy. He turned over the golden apple cart of political consultants. He did not use all the money from Citizens United or whatever. It was sort of refreshing. He was pulling the mask off things. He told the truth about the iraq war, that it was not, even that was Wishful Thinking that he was against it from the very beginning. He was against it by 2006 when i interviewed him. He was charlie why doesnt he just say that . Maureen because he is a real estate guy. He is trying to make the sale. Charlie salesman do not acknowledge mistakes. Itreen to finish the point turned out not to be so much fun because it is not fun to see hate and bigotry and Muslim Children getting taunted or muslim women getting it up. That part turned out not to be fun. Charlie for him. Maureen for us. That is not American Values. Charlie do you think he understands American Values . Maureen i do not think he understands what he is doing. All he is doing is try to make the deal in the moment and in his had he thinks, i asked him about this and he said you know i am not racist that you are what you say at the microphone. He is responsible for that. Charlie does he acknowledge that question mark he is saying ignore what i say. Just accept me as the person you really know in the privacy of the conversation you and i have. Maureen i asked what about this violence at rallies, are you responsible for that and there was this cause and he goes, i think that as a little free sans a little excitement. Charlie do you think that you are not temporarily desk temperamentally suited to the job of columnist . It is the perfect job for you. First of all it is opinion. You do not have to be fair and balanced in everything you do. It is about your opinion, it is about your observation, it is about your capacity to entertain. All of that. Maureen i think david brooks and paul krugman are perfectly suited to be polemicists. Charlie are you a policy junkie . Maureen i am not really. Charlie i am im not. Maureen i am responsible for who watch dashes who watches the court and who gets the ultimate power over lives. The year of voting dangerously. Maureen dowd. We will be right back. Ken burns is here. Stay with us. February 23, 1946. Hope and assume this reaches you on your return from what must have been a very exact ng very successful exacting but very successful expedition. I must say i would like to begin having a home again. The kids do not show their feelings too much. I see nothing but mens things in my wardrobe. I smell no perfumes. I have been quite desperate at times. I want to go on from what there is left of life with you. Define the nazis is a new documentary. The unitarian minister and his wife traveled to europe as part of a missionary effort to help refugees. Were honored as righteous among the nations. A list of nonjews who risk their life risk their life to save jews. Is ken burns and the sharps grandson. I am pleased to help them have them at this table. , and he amazing, really gives me goosebumps just to tell the story. It is my grandfather gets a from hisuary 1939 friend and says would you be willing to come talk to us . We want you to go to the first intervention against evil, against nazi germany, and my grandparents decided to do it. And leave my mom who was 2 my uncle who was six and they go 1939 and in february witness the invasion of prague 1939, and are there in the underground working to rescue lives and take care of people who are being persecuted from the nazis. Charlie she joined him later. They go together. E invited as a husband and wife team to represent what happens to represent what happens is the Unitarian Church, the Sister Church and pronk says do not send us money, send us americans. We need americans because americans are the only thing that nazi germany is afraid of. So we need american to come here and help us deal with them millions of refugees coming into prague from austria and germany. You helped them figure out a way to tell their story. Artemis film. I have known him for decades and normally i am saying no to all of these things, we have our full plate but i looked at it and there was a diamond in the rough that needed to be restructured, reedited, repaced. I feel they could get tom hanks to read the voice and he agreed and he is fantastic. And marina goldman. Is firstperson void voices. A couple of historians and then the witnesses who are who were children now in their late 80s who were saved by the sharps and they remind you not only of the heroic nation of nature of the story in the sacrifice of the sharps but its residents to today with the refugee crisis we have but also of human potentiality because they were saved, they got to live lives. Those lives are rich in full and ofy are professors emeritus mathematics or french or russian. It reminds you of the people who were not saved. The opaque 6 million who we can never penetrate, each one of them could have been that. Like in an pt did limb that you feel long after it is gone, we felt that this tiny little story at the edges of the holocaust could reveal it just as the structure of an adam looks like the solar system. That we could take this atomic story of his grandparent and if we told it right, we could suddenly relate to a much larger situation. Charlie if someone wants to compare what they did to schindlers list, are you flattered . Absolutely. Schindler made a moral Decision Just like my grandparents, and schindler was also a human being who was able to make the mistakes as well. I think that the courage of spielberg to make that film about a person in a condition, that transformation that occurred in then the lives he saved is incredible. Every member how it ends with schindler breaking down. He did not save enough. And that is the sharps sense. They hid their light under a bushel because they knew they had only gotten out a few hundred. There is a wonderful thatrsation in the ship they are taking back with a very famous jew that the nazis are after, and he says, can i address you as a character in my novel, who is paying, what are you getting out of this and he goes, no, i do not like to see the average guy pushed around. He says i feel something worse is coming. This is the summer of 1940. He can into it and experiences franceague and southern that this mammoth wave is about to break on humanity that we call the home holocaust. Charlie how did this man, this reverend and his wife do this, what do they do and at what risk . First of all they did not do it overnight. It took time to develop the skills to help people. He was harvard trained as a lawyer, she was a social worker. They had a deep disgust of the what hecism, represented for the world. They were very invested in the Czech Republic as a democracy that emerged out of world war i and the leadership of thomas ik and they wanted to protect people. My grandfather declares war on germany from the the. The pit. Pulpit, which is not a humanitarian thing to do. Charlie how did he do it . They got on the ship and it took a long time to get across the ocean. They arrived in london and were taught about spy craft. They learn to than that they were going to be spies and at risk being arrested. So they really did not know everything until the got there and then iny had to learn on the job a sense. Because everything changed every day. And after the nazis invaded in march their work fret went from rescue of helping refugees to rescue of getting people out. Charlie that is when the notches stopped letting people get out in then the war came. Exactly. There was nine months when they rescued 130 people directly. Which is they were through the underground through the networks of organizations they worked with to help that many people escape. Remember seeing the statue of liberty. The best Christmas Gift i ever got was being brought here. In this country. Ande arrived in new york some red cross ladies had a and that wascoa really very welcome. It made us feel that america must be a great place. The american liner arrives with child refugees from europe. Scarcely able to believe they are free from the terrors of war. E triplets. Th we are very happy that you are here. Thate are very grateful you let us come to america. Where do you come from . [indiscernible] were you there during the war . Yes. Tell us about it. They sent me to america for my health. I come from france. Lots ofs [indiscernible] and i saw lots of killed. Charlie people killed. Charlie do you look at other stories that have been told like this, what is your own preparation . Ken mine is particularly with regard to films to make myself sort of ignorant. I do not want to be influenced in any way, good, bad, or otherwise. For me it was saying here is the material. There is some reenactments in this film which i have not done very much of in my professional life. There is a score, there is a composer who scores it to the frame. I have never done that as you know before in my life. There was some fast, quick guest editing that i left intact but i also called down the kind of addness in places that needed to be opened up and paste. I inherited some stuff that took some structural work. I left a seminal letter but took parts of it in the beginning that invites you in in a intimate way to sacrifice on lots of levels so you understand the broader sense of sacrifice. We are going to put our kids in the care of the congregation, we will abandon them so we can save other peoples children and we understand the larger threat of naziism to World History but there is a dynamic which is the threat to their relationship because they are altering an established dynamic. She is a social worker, she is a feminist in every sense of the word, he is the of amy of an american, if tom hanks was not around to do this and we could go back in time, Jimmy Stewart would have to do this. He is that ultimate american that has enough guile but also a sense of fairness and he described in his letters and his moneyls, he is laundering in european capitals and saying i was beyond the pale. He never had been good at this sort of thing and now he was good at it and it was motivated by this profound anger and the air against to be able to declare war on the nazis. Charlie was there a lot of people like that in the Unitarian Church . Ken this was an effort of the Unitarian Church that supported them and they were other leaders that invited them to go but they were the ones that went and that is the interesting story. 17 people turned down the withrship before they went them and they said yes. It is telling. They came back and one assumes that they assumed or they would be sitting around the fire telling the stories for the rest of their lives and the church says we need you to go back and they are going nowhere and they go back, and what is so interesting is that that seminal second trip in Southern France southernoccupied france is just an amazing transformation for both of them. It begins to set in motion events that they cannot predict cannot predict, that the audience cannot predict that are smaller than but also transcend the larger story of what is going on. I found this irresistible. Charlie cole and the film is being screened at the white conversation about the refugee crisis. It happened on monday. Charlie what happened . It was a wonderful event because we had some policy folks who are dealing with policy but also the individual narratives of refugees. Right now and here you have a story that identifies it. There is something extra nearly existential extraordinarily existential. Both sharps say anybody with you this. Very few people would risk their lives and leave their children in the care of a congregation to do this so it becomes this question for us particularly because we face a refugee crisis second only to the Second World War that we begin to say, what am i supposed to do, what should i do and it was a wonderful conversation with an audience that included a College Student who said i am in college but what can i do, can i take some but into my dorm room . A wonderful dinner at history, memory, the intimacy of the personal story with our larger issues of policy which never change. Atpent the last three years night and weekends trying to refine and shape this so were not thing about it but once it is in your hands then all of a sudden it does speak to a contemporary refugee crisis and maybe it helps put Human Dimensions and maybe there is some of the out there who says, maybe i can convince my church to bring a family or a couple of families or maybe i can go and do something. We have already seen it happen among the folks who have been in the larger family of the story. One of the most exciting things as we have a sharp rescuer prize where we are giving it to rescuers today, going to lesbos helping people today. Trying to create an inspiration not just about the sharps, but also about all tourism. How do we encourage all truism, what do we understand what happens when someone chooses to take this risk . Charlie how do you explain the fact that they did and others did not, what about them . It was about the sense of loving humanity and i use that word because i think they felt in thense of desperation suffering and they connected to people. I think people meant everything of course. Children, children are the greatest victims of war. I think they deeply connected with the idea that even though they were leaving their children to help other children. Charlie what happened after the war . Of the divorce. They divorced. Like any human being, they had troubles in their marriage and one of the things that ken and i are excited about is we can make comic heroes or we could tell real stories and the sharps were amazing and courageous but they also had challenges. One of the challenges was that after doing this work, their lives fell apart and they never came back together. Charlie thank you again. Great to see you. Thank you. Ing thek is called defy war. The sharps on this next week on pbs right here. Thank you for joining us. See you next time. With all due respect to president obama and secretary Hillary Clinton, youre not the benoites donald trump today. We got played again by the Trump Campaign which is what they do. Pimped and played again. He shrewdly used the media again today. He was leveraging five years of earth or conspiracy to promote his hotel. Today donald trump pond the media. It is hard to imagine this is anything other than a political rick roll