They outline what it takes for a city to be future ready. This is an hour and 25 minutes. All right, good afternoon and thank you for joining us for the event, local economies of the future and how cities thrive in the digital age. I am the Vice President of Global Innovation policy at the Information Technology and foundation. I will be your moderator. I should mention the twitter handle for this event is futurecities. Have become key economic units driving the modern global economy. It is expected that cities will account for 90 of global population growth in this century. The advent of many new , the internet of things, automation technology, big data techniques, and many others are opening up transformative possibilities to reimagine how cities developed deliver Public Services any and utilities and educate their citizens and improve quality of life. As we will here today, the leading cities are thinking deeply about their future readiness so they can remain vibrant in a competitive global economy. Speaking of highly competitive, we have a worldclass panel with us here today to discuss how cities can thrive in the digital age. Ofwill hear from president the Asian Pacific and japan region for dell. He also serves as the chairman of dells Global Emerging Market Group and he has held leadership positions in china where he was president of dell china region and one the magnolia gold award. That, we will hear from Christy Mcfarland who serves as Research Director for the National League of cities where she leads the efforts to transform sea level city level data raises awareness trends, ands, successes in other cities throughout the world. She also launched the Economic Development program and is pursuing a phd in urban planning and Economic Development from Virginia Tech university. We will hear from Michael Hendrix who is the senior director for research and emerging issues at the u. S. Chamber of Commerce Foundation where he leads the Public Policy research and outreach. Michael also served as project director for the foundations beater 1776. Ith eq producing a study of city economy economies. From the global perspective, we will hear from the team lead for authoredve cities and the flagship report, Competitive Cities for jobs and growth. She is task manager for a city project. She also teaches on development and economics at both the school of advanced International Studies and at columbia university. She also holds a phd from the London School of economics. In the interest of space, we will not present the resin tatian upfront, they will be to your side and you should have. Eceived a handout look for the presentation there and with that let me turn it over to the floor. It is an honor to be among a distinguished panel. I arrived this morning at 2 00 a. M. So i am just ready for this session before i crash and burn. I had my double espresso cappuccino ready to go. Before you can ask him will answer the question. That is my motto. I live in asia and i is what i am what you would call a practitioner. I am in the field every day. I spent 250 days on the road and basically that is what i do. You will have me bring you a lot of perspective on what i see in ice ut also see what what i see in the corporate scenario. First and foremost do not think there should be any surprise to you. Click forward. We just have to get. I did not think there is any surprise to anyone here in the room that if we want to take Living Standards up, technology and innovation play a huge role. That has been the case for the last several centuries. I would make the argument that we are in the middle of an Industrial Revolution and if you think about this Industrial Revolution first Industrial Revolution somewhere in 1784 and a second in 1870 which was the division of labor and advancement of electricity and mass production, the final Industrial Revolution was around when our company was born, dell. Where we are today and where we are headed for the next several decades is really an advancement in cyber physical systems. All of these things are unleashing a new quality of living and new advancements. The first thing that happens is every time we talk about this sort of progress innovation driven by technology, typically i think weinto are headed to a terminator world or maybe something more positive. The point would be to makeportant for us the case that we as a company have always believed and consistently said that technology is in the service of human. It helps us achieve the full potential that humans as a race have. Human progress is a critical part of our purpose and we believe technology has to further the human progress. That is very important because if that view is not well established, technology could go definitely could go in a different direction. That it is also clear to all of you that our world is changing. How we live, how we interact, how we work. There are more than 3 billion smartphones today and they are severalor 700 hundred billion sensors that will automate things, personalized things, and create new outcomes. If you look at our storage cost and if you think about when i started my career, hard drives used to be five megabytes or 10 megabytes and today a gigabyte of storage is five cents and why you may not have the perspective. In the last four years, 100 billion times faster processors are available. That an exponential rise iconductor and a street is industry is having and that is creating a new power to create outcomes for the society. 100 billion times faster in the last 40 years. Ourou look at the impact on society, it is creating a lot of changes. In 1920, if a company had an. Verage life span of 67 years today it is about 15. You can see theres a lot more changes happening and companies are consolidating, aligning, or companies are getting out of this this. That is because the technology is creating a lot more changes and expectations from a customer perspective. The next slide talks about if you could imagine a world where 200 billion devices that are connected, where you can replicate a human brain, which is likely by 2060 in less than 1000 and you could be living 120 years plus and where the seamless and pervasive Customer Experience is there and there are new are outcomes possible. Clean energy, given the advancement in the semiconductor and the Energy Resources will create a tremendous amount of opportunity and conductivity that is second to none. All of these things are really around us. It is happening as we speak and this is what we believe is going to create a society which will further human progress. To do this the cities have an Important Role to play. Before the cities, let me tell you digital disruption is not Large Company driven. It is driven from a lot of entrepreneurs, a lot of innovation that is happening from thousands of thousands of companies. Oldou look at the disruption, he used to be a few disrupters that have a lot of cash could create new outcomes and now there are a lot more moreators, almost 10 x that have a cost structure which is 1 10 of previous disruptors, creating a disruptive power of. He most 100 x no matter which company or state you are in, you have to continue to innovate and adapt technology. It is not possible for us to continue to imagine the size of the previous history. Everyone has to innovate and everyone has to to differentiate. Hat is the thesis this is what leads us to what we say is everyone has to become future ready. Becoming future ready is not just a company responsibility. Is an individual responsibility and a city responsibility and a country responsibility. If all of these changes happen around us and they are not some sort of high in the sky, they will be here in 510 years from now. How do we get individuals ready, society ready, and countries ready and cities ready to deal inh the changes and thrive the state of hyper changes that are upon us . That is the framework of the talk today. To do that, i would first tell you that for cities to become future ready, there are three pieces that become very important. First is Human Capital and second is infrastructure and 30s the ecosystem. Human means tracking Human Capital to develop skills needed to drive the meaningful and social economic changes. Infrastructure we understand. Collaboration will become a lot more important from an infrastructure perspective, which is probably not as well thought out. That is why i think trade plays a huge role and collaboration is important. And finally, the ecosystem, technology, telecom, and physical infrastructure. All of these have to create Sustainable Business opportunities for years to come. With a company, and industryleading macroeconomics firm to build an economic model for evaluating cities. We put all of the cities in a global ranking and we have to create a model by which we can compare. Where does a steady city stand against each other . Hopefully we will be able to track this so we can see which cities are progressing. It measures the performance against three features. It allows public and private Sector Community leaders to compare their own strengths to those of other economies. I will give you a few examples. The number one city in the future ready came in was san jose. It is not a surprise, clearly if i give you some examples from san jose. Its innovation and investment perspective. It is number one. They have also increased senior housing, 96 low Income Housing units and they ranked second in the labor force. Generally, hourly wages are 60 62 higher than the national average. If i bring closer to where i live, asia, number three globally is singapore. That is a work leader in Public Private collaboration and labor force engagement. Top three in culture, lifestyle, and data transparency. Singapore infrastructure also help boost its rating. I will give you one more example of new delhi. That was number 44. Digital india is a huge drive in the successful implementation we see. India is on a path to embrace Digital Technologies and reaping the benefits of associated with it. There will be broadband expansion, Electronics Manufacturing in the governments, and we believe that the Publicprivate Partnership we see very prominently in the space of digital india. Entrepreneurship is very much thriving and we believe 266 billion will be startups inindia the course of the last five there are examples from many other cities here. Washington, d. C. Was ranked number five in the same future ready. So if you wanted to know, im sure theres lots of examples here we can talk about as well, including the electronics corridor. But i wanted to switch gears from cities to whats the role governments play. From my perspective, governments have a huge role to play, especially in the time of change, especially in the time of change. And if the changes are accelerating, governments have a role to play. Not only changing themselves but also helping change society and helping change the infrastructure. So the governments role in our minds become, one, foster the innovation by supporting entrepreneurship and the data economy, even the data becomes so critical to future of connected health or connected economies or Living Standards. And that, itself is a huge topic of debate in many governments. So thats, i think, innovation fostering, fostering innovation is a critical part. Second is the preserving trust in the Technology Tools that drive advancement. And thats going to happen through many compliance, appropriate governance, as well as policy. The third one is the enabling social responsibility. It has to be built into the country framework as well as city framework. And last but not least, this is pretty critical from our perspective, which is maintaining open markets. So a combination of these four things will help government create more futureready cities, create more futureready society, and clearly more futureready individuals. Now, Technology Creates a lot of winners. It doesnt have to be winners and nonwinners and this is where governments role in taking the population and the folks who can be developed to thrive in the new economies and the futureready states is going to be more and more critical in the coming days. So in summary, the claims that im making today is, one, changes are happening faster and faster. Changes are exponential. Changes are here. They are not too far away in the future. They are here in the next 5 years, seven years, 10 years and beyond. And these changes require a new approach both by individuals, governments, societies and cities and what we call future ready. We have also shown you a future ready economy model by which using which we have compared multiple cities across the world. And we believe that sort of framework is going to be important for us to continue to see which cities are making progress and not. And finally, governments play a huge role from innovation, from trust, from social responsibility, and from the open market perspective. Thank you. [applause] thank you very that was a introductionearch to a wide array of future ready cities and what we mean when we talk about that here i will focus on a specific area you touched on, which was future ready City Government. How can City Governments help leverage what is going on in the private sector and how to make them more entrepreneurial. Mya little bit about center which is City Solutions and applied research. City governments across the country, on behalf of those countries governments to raise their National Profile and conduct research and best practices on a wide variety of issues. We help city leaders and their staff do their jobs better on a daily basis. It is wideranging in terms of the issues we cover and the ways we engage the cities. It is directly related to how we help cities do their jobs better. I want to talk about innovation first, my perspective on what innovation means when were talking about local governments. This is a quote from former mayor Ron Littlefield in chattanooga, tennessee, he says it is not glamorous, but it is innovative. I think cities have always been focused on solving problems. Talk about innovation, it is how do cities confused data and technology to help them do that job better. Mayor wasly, the talking specifically about a new program in detroit that was leveraging data to help better understand how low income populations can better be connected to social services in is about problem solving and doing that in new ways. We know that cities across the country are leveraging data and technology in different types of ways. There are common characteristics. Embracing being future ready, we notice they are datadriven. This is specific to their internal operations. They are open and engaged. Well talk about open data, but that is much more expensive then just opened it appeared their Customer Service driven. That is how they engage with the Business Community and other folks outside of local government who may not have the down in the get processes. Being datadriven, one of the ways that cities are being datadriven is through Performance Management. We are noticing that Performance Management is one type of process. We are also seeing innovation Delivery Teams and chief data officers and chief technology officers. These can all be under the umbrella of datadriven, although we would argue that they had various functions that are differentiated. Generally speaking, it is a way of infusing datadriven information throughout city hall. Performance management specifically is a process of consistently reviewing data to inform decisionmaking. It is a collection of data, understanding how outcomes, particularly Service Delivery outcomes of City Government stacks up against stated goals that cities have and it is using metrics to pinpoint how that is happening. It is using this information. It is using this information to really drive decisions to staff programs, to redirect policy and budget at the city level. Subsidies are advancing the use of data and technology, information through the Performance Management system to also begin to use predictive analytics. If you are in the space you have probably heard a lot about it. It as the Gold Standard of Performance Management. How can cities use Data Information they have now to predict where the next pothole will be, where the next crime spree will happen. That is amazing. We are not noticing a lot of challenges. We still need to learn from those places in the city of boston. They are using crime data to better understand where the next vacant property challenges will be. They are addressing some of the problems that are happening in some of those neighborhood. We are seeing it happen. Datadriven cities through Performance Management systems, looking at 10 cities in particular, identifying what was happening in the cities. What you will notice on this slide is that the function of ,erformance management sometimes it is in the innovation office, and the mayor office, well talk about structure internet. When we talk about that structure. In los angeles, the innovation and Performance Management unit overseas Strategic Planning and other datadriven processes. It is quite a few processes in one department. Their hallmark success is really reforming their 311 system. When someone is calling with a complaint, are they getting a response in adequate amounts of time . The city was able to drop the wait time for 311 calls from six minutes down to less than a minute in one year. What does this have to do with a broader innovation economy . In order to attract talent to a city, in order to attract businesses, people want to know that their City Government is functioning in a way that will be conducive and not get in the way of them actually succeeding. I have talked a little bit about structure before. What we notice for Performance Management offices were three types depending on the city. In some cities, the function is centralized with an independent department and staff dedicated to all those things that are involved in Performance Management from collecting data to analyzing it and reporting. We saw this in atlanta, austin, dallas, kansas city, and st. Paul. There are systems that are decentralized where there is some staff that provides advice and guidance, but the real function happens with frontline staff in each of the city departments. We sat that in denver and fort lauderdale. Denver knows that they are putting that additional responsibility on the frontline particular with a Training Academy that helps city staff and power them and train them to identify how to make decisions in their everyday job and operation. What were seeing in some cities is a hybrid model where those functions are more fluid, which we saw in d. C. And l. A. That is internal. That is interesting. For those of us in the city state, we understand why that matters. What we want to think about more probably is how City Government interacts and helps facilitate a future ready local economy. We think more about a city that is open and engaged. A city that opens its data to information toat businesses that want to help the city solve problems or bringing in entrepreneurs and startups to help the city solve its problems were grading more equitable access to wifi. There are things cities are doing in this space to make sure it is open and engaged. Thinking about how the local government is engaging with the community on open data and the internet of things, which is the pinnacle. We see chicago partnering with Argonne National labs and the university of chicago to collect data on everything from the environment to infrastructure and work with startups and other entities in the city to start developing proof of concept projects to help deal with challenges around transportation and air quality. We also see their interesting ways that cities are engaging with entrepreneurs to bring them into city hall to help them solve problems. Hascity of San Francisco what theyre calling start up residence where they are recruiting startups to help them solve civic problems. In San Francisco, the airport was having a problem with blind customers understanding how to get around the airport. The city of San Francisco brought in a startup he spent 16 weeks understanding the problem in developing a Technology Solution to help the customers navigate the airport in a more efficient way. It is interesting because due to some of the complicated processes that existed city hall around procurement, the city it used to be an opportunity where the startup was not charged or their services, but it is a winwin because startups are able to develop and test new products. The city is serving as a customer that allows the startup to test their product in a way they might not have been able to do otherwise. We know cities are often deploying city ready future ready operations within their own operations and also facilitating the use of technology throughout the community. We will talk a little bit more about kansas city where there is google fiber. We know there is a access in philadelphia, too. Gapes obviously a digital for sun communities, particularly sun communities, particularly businesses in low income communities. Theres the tech and Masters Program where tech savvy students partner with Small Businesses to help them get online and use. Programs. Program inimilar kansas city, missouri. In addition to helping leverage information and ideas throughout the community, cities can think about their capacity to create physical spaces for innovation to happen and the flow of ideas and information. We are seeing this through maker spaces, manufacturing economy changes, and a lot of manufacturing is smaller scale, more hightech, more based on entrepreneurship and new ideas and how cities can actually support that, particularly when their economies are changing so much. Many are investing public dollars in the maker movement, for example doing simple things like turning the fourth floor of their library into maker spaces and bringing in 3d printers machines to allow the community to expand in an accessible way to innovate. Because that was so successful, that is serving as an anchor to a broader Innovation District where the city of chattanooga is leveraging their municipal fiber, their university partnership, their nonprofits, their cultural assets, bringing them all together to help promote innovation. Talk quickly, im sure im out of time, about Customer Service. This is a specific way in which cities are engaging with the Business Committee community, a nurse, and Small Businesses in particular. We know that local governments sometimes have a permitting process, a regulatory process that can be burdensome for small , thoseses and startups who are just starting out. They do not have a separate department who is devoted to dealing with local government. Isorming the process critically important and making the process of businesses need to go through to open their doors and launch new products, all of that needs to the regulated and go through local governments. Local governments can make that easier. We are partnering with the white house and the Small Business administration to help cities do that. It is about how cities can streamline business develop, streamline the permitting process, but that online, use a tool that helps them without online so businesses can see what steps they need to follow to open a business. In some cases, the city of los angeles, we calling them are dream day when her, they are winner, dream big they are creating a way for businesses to walk through the process of getting their permits. It seems obvious, but it may not be. We are helping the community of cities to share ideas about how to bring their Regulatory Environment online and into the 21st century so businesses can easily navigate it. Challenges, data quality will be a concern. Citiesa culture often that are not used to operating in an environment where they are asked to collect data and use technology. That can be an impediment if you want to understand outcomes and use metrics. You need to have quality data and having engaged staff. All of this is new. But all sound obvious, this is relatively new to cities or often using pen and paper for orders. Privacy concerns are obviously a big issue. Were talking about Sensitive Information that identifies particular individuals. There are a lot of concerns about how we think about releasing information and data, which would obviously be to the benefit of entrepreneurs and the city, but there obviously concerns. Planning for the political cycle, this is oftentimes what we are seeing in those cities that are leading the charge, they have a strong mayor who is dedicated to using Data Technology to further their city in operation. This is fantastic and is needed as cities are beginning down this path. Because of that, what we have is that most successful Performance Management and data operations are actually house within the mayor was a offices Mayors Offices. Happenu think, what will after the mayor leaves office. At the beginning of the process, when cities are taking on Data Technology as a strategy, it is important to have it in the Mayors Office because you have that political power and access and the budget to do the things that need to be done, but over the long haul there is a goal, this is specifically stated in the city of los angeles, the ultimate goal is for each department to manage its own data performance operations. So that is sustained, and that is just part of how the city operates. It is not a new thing. It is not the mayors pet project. That is the next evolution in data and technology and innovation in city operations. With that, i will pass it back to steve. Thank you very much. [applause] [indiscernible] thank you, stephen. Believe that the question every city leaders should be asking is my city repaired for the future . I believe as others do here that we are at the dawn of an incredible revolution. This is bringing far bigger changes than we have faced before. The. Com boom, the social networking that we have today are just the beginning. Scratchonly begun to the surface of how advances in software and hardware will impact how we live, where we live, where we work, spend, learn, travel, even eat. How can your city not get disrupted . I will argue that the answer is found in its people. What i mean by that is both radically simple and complex. I think that startek communities will help cities transition to the next digital age. After stripping away all the cool open plan Office Buildings and big investment funds, what you find is smart people indexed embedded social networks are at the center of economies prepared for whatever the future may bring. This, d. C. s own global integrator i want to show you some findings. I want to discuss what they mean and what city leaders can do with them. Over the past two years, we have visited 16 cities, compiled a database on 25 metros, and spoken with nearly 500 local leaders. We wanted to look at the traditional factors of innovation, talents, capital, industry specialization, but also things like density, connectivity, and culture. Frankly, we wanted to get out of the beltway and learn from actual practitioners on the ground. Cities based on the underlying theme of what we heard, the traditional indicators such as dollars invested, jobs graded, patents filed, where necessary but incomplete. Openness and density of social networks as well as the Key Attributes of local culture mattered nearly as much if not more in fostering these driving driving ecosystems thriving ecosystems. When we look at these indicators, talents, capital, density, culture, the biggest that sanwas francisco was not number one, boston was. San francisco is an incredible leader in the number of startups created. It has pools of talent, lots of investment capital, but boston on hours reported better connections to their Community Entrepreneurs reported better connections to their community. There were more surprises like raleigh, during, and denver. Cities such as baltimore and pittsburgh also farewell, 18th and 14th respectively, given their successes in bringing together everyone from government to corporate entrepreneurs, and bring them together to collaborate. Clearly city and a late l. A. Clearly brought in a lot of startup activity. Cities like baltimore and pittsburgh in new orleans are not major drivers of the Digital Economy just yet. They are attracting educated young people. They are building collaborative communities of innovation and creating the right cultural foundations. That is a bit of the data. What does it all mean . To answer that we started listening to entrepreneurs. We just came back from visiting eight of these cities. We heard things like when kansas city described a city Startup Community as a network where each node in the network had a mission. Christine at the local chamber called it a big small town where everybody is six degrees removed rum one another like the from one another like the kevin bacon of cities. We heard the same things in austin and salt lake city. We heard how easy it was to meet up with a local funder and even the newcomer to find open doors where you can build trust. This is why we believe open, dense social networks, a community in other words. Awill step back for just second. Bear with me. I believe urban economies are like Building Blocks of Human Knowledge and knowhow. They can be connected in different ways to generate novation. Innovation. Information flows through social networks with talented people at the center. These bits of information are in ideas. They are assembled and put together like blocks within networks and individuals. That is the ecosystem. Grow in these networks size and complexity, the more productive capacity grows. They can be translated into something valuable. How do these networks grow and maintain himself themselves . Through trust and openness and empathy, those lower transaction costs of sharing knowledge, embracing new ideas and people picking them up not only helps economies stay ahead of the game, but it suggests the presence of trust and empathy in the community. Trust acts as a glue in the social networks while empathy allows people and firms to create what customers and partners. Want. You and partners these are how people build complex products where they sit in a room together and produce these things. We can express this in terms of immunity when were thinking about Things Community when were thinking about things. This was their startup success in community building. As one denver area Government Official said, when i started working for startups, i never thought i would become a community builder. My boss is probably not be happy for me to use the term because it does not sound concrete, that as core, that is what this work is. You can have all the capital and talent and Research Capacity in the world yet still generate sustained innovation, or at least not as much as you otherwise could. The city can also have small amounts of these things and stand toe to toe with the big bows if they have a healthy community. Software helps us work better and faster. Having talented people clustered together has never been higher. The population of our 50 richest cities has jumped by 9. 2 . Their residents are 34 more productive than the rest of the company country. 1 of all zip codes in this country attract more than 16 of all the capital in this country. City in america, we do not have a shortage of ideas. We have a community. We need people to bring other people and their ideas together and scale them and prepare cities for the future. What does all this mean for city leaders . It is important to understand the trajectory of the digital commodity economy. Software and Digital Services will grow in importance. It is not the smartphone chip that matters but how you use it for accessing Digital Health records on the go or telling a drone where to fly. Respond to these changes by recognizing your existing assets to leverage and activity that is already going on. Strong Health Care Systems and universities, areas of expertise that make the city extraordinarily the will. The key is identifying those assets and being purposeful and unlocking their potential for the future. The same is true for communities. Community building Needs Community organizers. You need to connect the dots between people. These roles exist from startup support systems to government to corporate and other anchor institutions. They need to see what is already going on and help fill in the gaps. Startups andacting corporate and other institutions together. Means being it tapped into the innovation pipeline. There is no and to what can happen when connect these organizations together. It means enhancing connectivity, establishing rules of the road and empowering leaders in the community. Such an illusionary policy stance will set the stage for revolutionary change. Three to five years, we have seen explosive Startup Growth in so many cities. This involves a c planted over planted ago seeded over 20 years ago. It is time to make cities sustainable and prepare them for the future. Thank you. [applause] cities began as startups themselves. International perspective on how cities are making themselves competitive. I am really excited about this work because all of my clients want to be peter ready. They all have strategy documents that have suffixes like 2025, 2030, 2050. The university of shanghai came up with a Growth Strategy for 2050. Youere thinking how can think so far into the future, and what we found is what matters enormously is a city has to be ready. Readiness matters for the future. That is why i think this report and the data that is behind it is really interesting from an International Point of view. We have a long history of working with cities at the world bank. A lot of cities are taking on Economic Development to add to their main responsibly. As they do that, they asked a lot of questions. It wants knowhow other cities are doing it. They want to know what other successful cities have done, who is getting things done, and how things are being done. That is the framework for the Competitive Cities report we launched a couple of months ago. That is essentially how i will frame the core points i have for this discussion. What do cities actually do . Let me revert to one of our key studies in africa. Many take you to rwanda. Landlocked city, no natural resources, recovering from civil war. Fastforward about 15 years, you find clean city streets, a booming Service Economy within the city, gdp growth of about 2012, jobn 2002 and growth of about 4. 5 above the national average. They did not have any natural resources. First, they look at what they had available. It turns out they had gorillas. They decided to build a publicprivate coalition. This is east africa, a booming Tourism Sector in the region. They decided to go after highend tourism. They noticed that these highend tourists coming for the gorillas valued things like reliability, safety,eanliness and cleanliness in the city. They decided to come up with a strategy where they went after the meetings, conferences, and events sector. They make investment in human theirl making sure that workforce was training in french and english. I dont know this is true in a lot of policy sectors, but there is a busy debate about whether policymakers should be choosing between economy wide horizontal targetons or looking at sector interventions. We find that cities really do both. Those are successful cities. They do both in terms of sequencing are doing them together. That matters. Who does these things . When we talk to our clients, and a lot of our clients happen to be mayors of cities or governments or states. The policy space that is available to them is limited. They cannot control trade or customs or National Level issues that might matter. At the world bank, we encourage too the more october be more opportunistic about the city went. It is about what falls within the administrative agreement of the man himself. It involves external partnerships with neighboring jurisdictions where the national government. Ist is really important Growth Coalitions. Bringing in stakeholders in the private sector and other actors in the community to build a Growth Coalition around a shared strategy or vision be many give you an example closer to home. Strategy or vision. Let me give you an example closer to home. In south america, a city in columbia. It was a city that had an economy mainly dominated by manufacturing, poultry production, where, that anything footwear, that sort of thing. Investment, a growing services economy, i. T. And so on. What they did do was they had a regional oil industry. Of the of the nature industry was investing and developing and commercializing in Innovative Technology for the city instead of drilling and refining and selling petroleum. What we find is it does not matter who does it. What matters is that it gets done. In the city, it was actually the private sector that got things done. Cohesivea strong and chamber of commerce within the city. That was a leader in bringing together the private sector and the City Government and the State Government and national government. Thatnature make sure vestments were made in developing not just technical but also managerial capital. Now they have the highest levels of Human Capital skills in all of columbia. The nature that a lot of incentives were targeted for use in industries within the city itself. This is an example of Publicprivate Partnerships are important in getting things done. How do you get things done . I dontlly have always speak amongst a lot of american policy based audiences. Do you come across a lot of city strategies where what is happening on the ground is different from what you see in the strategy documents . Ok. We see that a lot amongst our clients. You have these amazing documents designed by consultants. When you look at what is happening on the ground, it is very different. I think this is something that is really important to us. We want to understand how you actually get things done on the ground. Let me take you to another part of the world, it is a secondary in china. Nan province leaders decided they wanted to make investments in Human Capital. That would be central to making sure they were successful. They decided they would identify, recruit, and appropriately compensate the right individuals to come to their community. They were going to invest in the tom cole in the city itself how cool within the city talent pool within the city itself. Ore of this is really new interesting. A lot of cities and states try these strategies. Why were they so successful in doing what they did . What they did manage was to avoid pure credit pitfalls bureaucratic pitfalls. Or fororted turf wars nation issues across agencies. They had a leading groups mechanism that was a way to clarify rules and responsibilities along administrative tears of government. It made sure to target the along all incentives the levels of the administrative governments. And make sure that any of the management meetings that were taking place, only problems were escalated to the higher level. Only decisions decisions were not escalated. That worked really well. There are examples from the National Transformation plan in asia. Otherzil, and a couple examples of how implementation management is what really matters in what is getting done. It is not just data and documents and analysis, but when i talk about why they are having problems, you find it is really implementation that is the problem. I want to end by saying that for out cities that turned and this is quite surprising, the cities that we defined as successful Competitive Cities that had transracial job growth, increasing productivity, magnets for foreign investment, they were not your capital cities, your household names, Global Centers of commerce. They were secondary cities very often in lagging areas of their country. You do not have to be a city that is already wellknown to build on competitiveness. You can have examples of very citiesot wellknown that grow over time. Thank you for inviting me. This is an interesting discussion. It is nice to see other parts of d. C. Say that this topic is really important. It is urgent. How you get ready for the future, how you will be more competitive in the future, there is a lot at stake. Samend cities reached the level of competitiveness in the region, you could make about 19 million additional jobs per year. It matters and how cities will become competitive and future ready. Thank you very much. [applause] thank you. There is a lot on the table from the u. S. And global perspective. We should not have any problem soliciting questions from our audience. If you would state your name and the organization youre with. Keep the question types in specific tight and specific. Thank you. [inaudible] competitiveness in general [indiscernible] which is an excellent question for us, and longterm government enables social responsibilities to be [inaudible] need government to enable this . From my perspective, as is something that should come from the private sector. Sure. Ok. I think the key point i was making at that time was government has to work on a Publicprivate Partnership to foster innovation. They also have the responsibility to changing societys mindset for changes in technology. If politicians could take it in the wrong way and get it done very very different. You talk about trade, open barriers, low barriers is important. Finally, social responsibility. Tome, when you are going have changes, you want the whole society to support. The corporations have to themselves, or it could be government policy themselves as a responsibility. It could be done both ways. The whole society has to be progressing. You cannot take it future ready city without taking care of education and the entire population coming with you. That is the whole point. I think the government plays a Critical Role given the changes that are accelerating. [indiscernible] novation, amazon drug program from the u. S. And program u. S. And canada. People were making insulin pumps , and google has said they do not want to invest in health care because the regulations are complex. Possibility or a role for cities to take a greater role in the regulatory process . This would obviously require some work on a National Level. If seattle wants to say for example to the faa, we can create a system that will allow amazon to keep their Drone Program here while they experiment with it. Is that a possibility . Stab at that. E a i think there are particular aspects of the Regulatory Environment that are specifically within the purview of localov