We are going to move forward here. A panel led by two of our great governors, oklahoma governor kevin and roy cooper. Give a big welcome to them. Yes. Yes. Governor, i think you will open us up. Yeah. Thank you so much, bill. And welcome everybody, we are so excited for you to join us. Infrastructure is one of the most common topics we are asked about as governors. When will the new bridgeville . When will the potholes be text . When will my Community Get highspeed internet . Why is it taking so long to finish . Take your pick. The pipeline. The grid upgrade. Solar projects. You name it. Theres no sugar coating it. The United States is among the slowest nations in the developed world approving and completing Infrastructure Projects. Particularly when it comes to energy. You know, permitting reviews for Energy Products in the u. S. Take, listen to this, six years longer than in china, india, or other European Union nations. That is according to the analysis from ive had Energy Stakeholders in oklahoma tell me that it can take up to ten years, ten years, to fully permit a pipeline project. It takes about six months to build them. You know, the process gets drawn out due to agencies overlaps from the federal government. There are so many ants on that and pile. Bureaucracy as well as litigation. There is one company, i believe their name out, but this is an existing pipeline that is trying to retrofit for carbon sequestration. Its going to take ten years to get that new project approved. This really makes no sense and that is why governors are working together across party lines and state lines on Common Sense Solutions to try to speed up the process to deliver energy and infrastructure benefits nationwide for all americans. In oklahoma, we are working with our neighbors, obviously the mou with the governor of louisiana and also with arkansas, on a hydrogen hub. This is a really cool project, its a Public Private partnership that will lead to development and employment of a hydrogen network. And oklahoma, oklahomas energy story isnt energy story. Oklahoma is like number three and natural gas production. We are so proud of our oil and gas industry. Number five in oil production, but we are also number two in wind energy production. One of four states where 45 of our energy comes from renewables. We believe you need and all of the above approach to really have an affordable, reliable, and if you could. You know, to prioritize the importance of project delivery for projects like these hydrogen hubs. The governors here in the nga. We have created in energy and Infrastructure Working Group in february of 2023, that focused on solutions to streamline the permitting process to address legal challenges and tackle procurement issues. Both congress and the Biden Administration recognize the urgency of the problem. And governors welcomed their actions to include several, we had several meaningful permitting reform in the recent debt ceiling legislation. Those reforms are great start, but we believe much more is needed, including judicial reviews. So those with some of the things we will talk about today. Got a great panel with you. And we need to speed up the delivery of energy and Infrastructure Projects all across all of our states. So now i want to turn it over to Governor Cooper from the great state of North Carolina to give you his thoughts and perspectives. Governor cooper . Thank you governor stitt, and thank you for your work in the state of oklahoma. We have an amazing panel here to talk about infrastructure today. I will brag about my home state a little bit. We are the third Fastest Growing state in the country for the second year in a row. We have just been named the topic for business by msnbc. When you look at their rankings and why they choose what they choose as to what is good for business, number one is obviously workforce, but number two is infrastructure. We have well trained and dedicated and diverse workforce, what we know how important infrastructure is not only to businesses, but everyday families as well. Right now we have a generational opportunity to invest in infrastructure across this country. We have had plans before about things that we needed to do to connect every house and business to highspeed internet to fix our roads and bridges, expand our ports and airports. Now we actually have the funding to do it. So what we are going to be talking about here is how to do it. The first thing that my entire Administration Knows is that we are first going to compete for every federal dollar. And when you do that, i think its important to bring in everybody. Much like President Biden who appointed mayor to try and coordinate things. I have appointed a Pandemic Recovery director who is helping to coordinate our applications for federal funding. We are working closely with local governments, community colleges, universities, private businesses, regulators, and our federal partners, and already we have seen some significant success, as have many of the states across the country. We know that highspeed internet is a critical part of infrastructure, and we had already started this process, what we were doing it with state money, but we had a process going. So this soon as we got American Rescue plan funding, we started using that money, about a billion dollars, to begin the process. Now, we are going to get a billion and a half from the bead money which will help us truly connect all families and businesses to highspeed internet. We also know that connecting people is not just the fiber, its also being able to afford it. Thats why i set up the first in the Country Office of Digital Equity and literacy, and i know many of you all are working to try to get more families signed up for the affordable connectivity program, the acp. We have almost 900,000 North Carolina families that gives them 30 a month. We have also competed for money for offshore wind, and the grid improvement program. We have gone and with duke energy because we know if we are going to build offshore wind off the coast of North Carolina, we need to have the grid to get the electricity back in. With bridges and with a charging infrastructure, with the inflation reduction act, there are so many opportunities. Water and wastewater are already distributing hundreds of millions of dollars to help our small towns and our business is connected with water and wastewater. We do have permitting issues and challenges. Theres a way to do all of this to protect our air and water, and to make sure that permits moved faster. One thing we are doing in North Carolina is i have appointed liaisons between our department of Environmental Quality and all of the new companies that are coming into North Carolina to make sure that Everybody Knows what to do. And its important to make sure that we Work Together to get this done. Weve got three super panelists here today. First, weve got calvin butler, whos the president and ceo of exelon. We have steve woerner, who is the president of National Grid of new england. Obviously, they are working on offshore wind. And we have tony lewis, who is the regional Vice President of state Public Policy and Government Affairs for verizon, with some North Carolina ties. Calvin, we will start off with you if you will. Thank you, Governor Cooper. Good afternoon, everyone. Let me just begin by saying thank you to the governors for bringing this important topic to the forefront. I think the fact that you guys have put this special committee together to talk about this issue goes to show you the change that our industry is undergoing right now. When you talk about the transformation of the Energy Industry, and the infrastructure needs of our country, think in terms of the Energy Industry that we will undergo more change in the next ten years than we have in the last 100. I say that as you guys have both said, its very exciting. Its not only exciting for the communities that we serve, its exciting for exelon employees. Its exciting for the 10 million customers we have the privilege of serving. And the and the great state of new jersey through Atlantic City electric. I have to say that Tyler Anthony and his team are here today. Our customers in delaware, our customers in maryland, baltimore, philadelphia, chicago, and the district of columbia. Why those jurisdictions are important and why do i mention them . I mentioned the because exelon is unique in the sense that we serve some of the most diverse metropolitan cities in the country, but we also serve coastal areas. In milan only jersey. We also serve rural areas where farmland is locked in. They have the same challenges of infrastructure needs but how you addressed them are very different. Governors had talked about that portfolio approach to addressing mass. As exxon we, have to take that same approach. Where we have the privilege of being a combination gas and electric utility. Meaning the gas business represents 12 of our portfolio. We do believe its important for reliability and resiliency of the grid that it must be an all of the above approach. Why else is that important . Its also important for the affordability factor. Because my biggest job is a ceo, through this transformation, is ensuring that this transition is an equitable one for all of our communities that we serve. Because the belief is that if you leave any of your customers behind in this transition, the transition will not be completely. Having said that, it also goes to one of the challenges. The challenges to that permitting question, getting something done, i almost said amen, i could relate to, right . The challenge becomes, our ambitions as a country through ij, the Infrastructure Investment and jobs act, the 1. 2 trillion dollars set aside to go into infrastructure build out, how quickly can we get that within these jurisdictions and make a difference. Whats happening is the ambition is there but our actions are counterintuitive. Were still operating off of 20, 30, 40 year old rules for todays problems. Even looking at our own states, our own jurisdictions, what we find, and i share this with you because its important. As governors, youve all put very aggressive Economic Development goals, you have a commitment within the nda and Economic Development. Youre setting policies. When we go, as your host utility to implement those rules or implement those goals, there is a conflict. The need for us to continue to partner, to collaborate, breakdown silos in this process is critical to get this money to work. The last piece, all say, it goes right to what youre just saying, the workforce. This transformation cannot be done without a qualifying workforce. Therefore, the Workforce Development programs, the infrastructure academies being set up across the country, they have to be critical, must be critical to ensure that we have a talented workforce to move forward. I think thats also important because the communities then feel as if youre doing with them instead of to them. When you go into a Trans Mission conversation, when you go to leah pipeline conversation, if im a community member, the question i get is, where do i see myself in that . Yes, your talk about laying for liability resilience, but no one who lives in our community is working on that pipeline. No one is laying that fiber. So, again, it must be an equitable transition to get this done. So, again, thank you for the opportunity. I look forward to any questions. Steve warner here. Thank you for the opportunity, great remarks, kelvin. I agree completely with everything you said. I truly appreciate the governors and nba pulling this together. We are truly i an inflection point. As you said, kelvin, the work image over the next five, ten, 15, 20 years, its gonna surpass the work weve done in the past 100, far surpass, were committed to delivering a fair, clean, and Affordable Energy transition for all customers and communities. To do that we need to be smarter and building a smarter, stronger, and cleaner energy system. Im gonna highlight three things that are very consistent with remarks you heard from our colleague, kelvin, here. We need to be grounded in what needs to be accomplished in what needs to be built. We need to be clear haugen Work Together, public, private partnership to accomplish that. We need to address significant barriers to getting projects done. The permitting process that we follow in the industry. Some examples, in new england and new york we serve 7 million customers with both power and he. Those are homes and businesses. That means hundreds of towns and cities, right . Across the commonwealth of massachusetts. I served two thirds of those 200, 350 some not towns that we have. Its a beautiful part of the u. S. , as you well know. Delivering energy, were delivering in a world where were experiencing more extreme weather events. Where theres more, it requires us to take actions to build a more resilient system and were trying to drive down Greenhouse Gas emissions at the same time, convert customers, bring more loads to our electric networks. There is monumental volumes, Clean Energy Systems that need to be built, to meet the goal of the region, we need to build an electric grid thats 2 to 3 times bigger than todays. For new england alone, that means ballpark of 15 or more transmission lines to connect offshore wind, to bring more power to serve the region, which we expect that low to at least double, right . If not triple. The shift that will occur, the summer peaking region over to winter peaking region with regard to electric demand. We need to install thousands of miles of new and upgraded distribution lines, hundreds of new an upgraded substations and more robust and secure Communication Networks that will enable us to more efficiently identify issues and expand a system where necessary and avoid unnecessary disruptions to the economy. The good news is that we lost the other utilities in the states will be doing an electric modernization plan, detainee investments that need to be made over the next 5 to 25 years to meet the commonwealth goals. In new york, in support of the climate leadership and Community Protection act weve identified the need for transmission upgrades to 1000 miles of our network. At any given moment, 150 largescale projects underway. And a growing of another hundred and 50. All these projects require engagement with host communities, as calvin talked about. Really agencies that they secure the rights away to accomplish this work. Another example is the collaboration work were doing in new york with effort to support broadband thats being delivered to areas of the state that previously did not have, this is a massive investment and collaboration amongst public and private Partnership Agencies in upstate new york. More broadly, our states are working together to advance proposals to the department of energy. To help offset the costs of and exhilarating investment in, investments in this new infrastructure. Some examples would be our 20 states clean power link, our brayden repowering of the brain play area for breaking an offshore wind. Both of these will connect and create opportunities for offshore wind and other renewable sources to increase our Energy Supplies and help Lower Energy Costs on the commodity side. Also the northeast harden have, involve seven states. Recognizes the need to look for more advanced decarbonize feels to leverage the networks that exist today. What initiatives like these that i mentioned have in common is that this work is being done in collaboration with public and private sector partners, multiple stakeholders and communities that are all coming together to get this work done. As we move from creating this bold ambition into this execution phase where were actually getting these projects built, we recognize theres challenges. Challenges theres projects cited, built, challenges around the cost, securing the necessary supply chain, securing the necessary people, workforce, and acquiring property rights, just to name a few of the challenges. Foundationally, we have challenges, i think which a lot of agreement here, challenges around agreeing on what it means to make an orderly transition to a cleaner, more affordable and more just energy feature. If we Work Together. Those decisions will be much easier. For example, we know we need to make decisions around changing the way we cite and permit larger Infrastructure Projects. We have to move from a series of sequential approvals from multiple agencies to a process that is more streamlined, transparent, and accessible to all. Thanks to the nba and the governors that participated in the working group, as a recommendation on this challenge, it was absolutely spot on. We are pleased that in new york and massachusetts, mouth are actively working to address these challenges. For example, governor healey in her administration in massachusetts have task force to identify policy gaps and improvements that will accelerate the process while not compromising Community Involvement in. In that, the Massachusetts Legislature alsos advance bills to do the same. The good news is, there is a resounding agreement across the board of what needs to be done and willingness to Work Together. We know that no single technology, no single project is going to meet all of our needs. Its gonna take all of us working together to make the hard decisions about where you need to make investments in this orderly transition to a cleaner and more secure, more Resilient Energy future that works for all of our customers and communities and proposals are in our respective jurisdictions. Tony . Thank you. Thank you to my fellow panelists, well said. I will try not to repeat. However, i want to say thank you to all the governors who are here today. Governor, thank you so much for the opportunity. You set the tone with one word, generational opportunity. Something all use my time, be tactical, if i may, talk with things we should be doing right now to ensure that generational change happens now. A couple of facts, 65 billion dollars is available for 42. 5 billion of that is to build networks for those unserved and underserved. What to make sure were clear on that opportunity by saying, youre going after every dollar. Absolutely the right thing to do. So, this program, largest investment broadband ever in these United States, ever. So, it was set up as a shared responsibility. The opportunity for us to be here with you today is a demonstration we all understand that. It is a shared opportunity to take advantage of this. Fiveyear plans need to be built every state involved in my. Those plans could be dense, but they dont have to be. We believe they could be simplified. At the end of june, we also, with the using fccs broadband maps, they allocated all of these dollars. That goes from 100 million in our Nations Capital to 3. 3 billion in texas. So, we have a map across our states. Now, we have six months to complete this plans. It can be done. I will tell, you dont take the whole six months, right . Some of you already vet right now, those should be in place and ready to go. I would suggest, by the summary, the faster you get those plans in place, the faster the allocation of funding will come to your states. Which the plans look like . Very tactical, very clear. One, think about this, let the experienced and strong labor standard companies, they will benefit you. This is generational. It is critical that we rely on what we know works. We know the types of companies and workers that work in order to not only build this network, but to maintain it for the generations that were talking about. Im glad you mentioned acp. Use it. This program, it is to be reauthorized, but use it, right . Its their, almost 20 Million People already involved in that, it satisfies the requirements of the plan. I will say it again, satisfies the requirements. Lets use by. Its critical of us push from happening. The last point i make, youve heard already, streamlined permitting. Absolutely essential to get these networks built. In simple terms, verizon, we build the networks that move the world forward, right . Right now, we have people around the country, in every one of your states, underground, and wireless towers, Network Operations centers, caring for those emergencies that we know, weve seen this week and last week and last month and last year, they will require the time of networks that can sustain the environment were in today. Im personally happy to report, and i see some of my good friends out there that we already have partnerships with states with federal programs in new york, governor vocal, and pennsylvania, in delaware, we worked together many years ago on broadband, in maryland and virginia. Were active, we have thousands of locations already being built. What matters most is that one person that finally gets broadband and its North Carolina. Thats what weve got an opportunity to get this done. I want to give you one quick example of how it already works. I dont think Governor Shapiro is here. If you noted what happened with the tragedy i95, the collapse of that infrastructure, that impacted every part of this country, he said a few things in his remarks. Talk about speed, innovation, a simple quick path. He said, experience workers matter. He said, all hands on deck, he said, not a single moment was wasted. And he said this is Good Government action. We can take that example, recently, and apply it to what were talking about right now, which is building great broadband for those people who need it most. Thank you, governor. Tony, let me just say, with your verizon, you have a generational plan in place because even successful Adult Children never leave your cell phone plan. They never do. [laughter] you all have that problem, all of you have a problem. Governor . Thanks so much, tony. Thanks to the panelists. Were gonna open up now to q a from our governors. We want to start with the governor of utah, spencer cox, also chairs this energy and Infrastructure Working Group. Governor cox . Thanks, kevin. Thanks to the panel. This, we do all agree, this is a bipartisan issue. Reform is so important. Kevin, thank you for your leadership as we work with the white house on this issue now for a long time. I would love for us as governors to take some of the credit for the reform that was done. I know that weighing in was helpful. Theres certainly more to do. I specifically want to bring up and ask some of you to weigh in, if he would, on the importance of litigation reform in this area. We got some of the low hanging fruit, right . We are going to get some sequential decisionmaking, some shot clocks put in place to do that more quickly. The endless litigation that happens, a lot of what takes so long for these to move forward is just litigation. Id love to hear your thoughts on getting that reform peacetime. Yeah, so, governor, thank you. I agree. You take some of these regional transmission organizations, our utilities within the jurisdiction. And directly to your point, if a project of someones not chosen, the first up theyre going to do is to litigate. So, as the process unfolds, it goes through, it continues to move on and every step along the way, the next thing you know, 5 to 6 years ago. Mind you if the project is being litigated, the company that is suing does not even have to have all of the checks and balances of a workable project. Theyre just bringing litigation based on them not being chosen. Therefore, one of the things thats important as we transmission honor through this process is by theres proprietary information thats protected. The litigation process is often used to reveal information that otherwise they would not have access to. Absolutely correct. I know pjm in the leadership is looking at what reform they need to happen. To your point, its not moving quick enough. Ill just say from a broadband perspective, with the opportunity for these state plans and what can be done to them in the process of litigation, it can slow this to a crawl before not cautious. If we Work Together, your for true partners, there is always solutions. But taking a first solution as litigation cannot be the way we move forward to ensure the people who need this most get, it i got you, governor. I just want to add, on reform and litigation reform, a lot of the broadband, especially in the western United States, going across public lands. So, that reform is really important, or will never get broadband in places that need it the most. Weve already hit the places that are easy. I think governor healey of the commonwealth of massachusetts had a question. Thank you. And thank you to my fellow governors for all the work done on the working group around this really important issue. I sit in the far east. I know energy and our future is something that, you know, raul commonly aligned on trying to figure out with our partners in industry. Im new to this, i benefit from the work already done this year, looking at permitting and other reforms. I wanted to just raise something with respect to sort of community and Community Engagement. Building out these projects, whether its for more flexible, you know, accommodating electric grid, anything related to additional clean energy construction, requires that community buying it. Just referencing, tony, lawsuits and litigation, none of us want to see. Timely stood on that or money spent on my. But do you have an approach, they have an approach about how you engage and how you think about building a equitably . You know, as we move forward . You know, the other question is related to, as you, you know, whether in preparing applications, getting ready for construction, upgrades, new transmission lines, how do you think and how can we think about Community Engagement and good Community Engagement and buy in that will help move things along and remove, you know, take up some of the friction, all of this. Im happy to start with that when. Governor healey, thank you for your leadership on this and so many other matters and your partnership as we build the Energy Infrastructure in massachusetts. You can your team have been absolutely clear that we need to build towards clean energy commune. Were committing to doing that. When we think of what projects need to be, but we think about the community where needs to be the, we firmly believe that those who host infrastructure should benefit from that. That simply stated. Let me give you some examples. Anything about the twin States Project that i mentioned earlier, we just submitted it for funding through the program. You and governor sununu are very familiar with this project. For other peoples benefits, it is a 1200 megawatt bidirectional high voltage direct current line down from quebec. It will act as a stabilizing resource as we bring additional renewable sources onto the grid in new england. That hundred and 70 mile long transmission line leverages existing right aways, which makes it much simpler test site. The road partnership with clean energy, what we did is go through the dozens and dozens of communities that are around that. When we spoke with each of those communities about the project and what might benefit those communities as we come through there. As a result, we have tremendous support from those can mean 80s and the governors, and the legislatures in all the jurisdictions involved. Together, more than 200 public officials, dozens of towns, community groups, environmental organizations, all coming out to support the project. We havent even secured funding for ye. Thats an example of an approach we need to take on all of our large infrastructure bills, has to be community by community, street by street. I believe we were successful in this project, started really early with that approach, believing, truly believing with those who host infrastructure should benefit from it. Ill leave it right there. We talked to the communities, we talked to project we explain what the project was, what the benefits were. We put together Community Benefits package that works for that community. It was designed with input from that community. Governor, i would just add, i agree with everything he said about engaging the Community Early and often. I would take it a step further. As a utility, pure transmission and distribution utility. We had to take a look at how we came in for because we were always coming in after the fact on an annual basis to invest capital, so forth, we made a decision across most of our jurisdictions that we were going to do multi your plans. For those of you who dont know what multi your plans as, we put together a Capital Investment plan, a great plan to invest over the next three or four years. Why was that important . Because the stakeholder process in developing that Investment Plan engaged all the community, whether your large industrial, small businesses, president ial, we laid out to the commission and a very collaborative nature, this is our strategy for investing in the communities. As a result, people started saying, why are you doing that . Asking the questions. The real process, we were answering it. Now, the commission in that ten month processor sevenmonth process, whatever it was, it went through the hearing, still went through a litigated process, litigation on terms of law, but everyone having an input. Now, when its done, you have an Investment Plan for the community for the next three or four years. That process alone engage the community. And to steves point, we also approached it from a Vantage Point of Economic Development and job creation. This is what it did. So, therefore, when you pass legislation on whether its transportation electrification, decarbonization, whatever those fiber networks, whatever it was, we were then able to associate this investment creates this result. As a result of, that you hold us accountable as your utility to do what we say were gonna do. If we dont, you hold us accountable for that. We took that in partnership with a regulatory bodies. It has made a huge difference. Now, were still going through the process, but now we get to run our business and do what we do best. Invest in infrastructure, collect on it, and bring it back. I think thats also key. Ill just add, governor, im so glad you brought up local engagement in communities. Rise and Global Company with a local heart. We have the benefit of having over 100,000 people in neighborhoods that are in the churches, theyre in your grocery stores, theyre at the civic centers, they are part of the fabric of the communities. We use them to ensure that as we reach out to communities that were reaching the right organizations. As i said earlier, its all about partnerships. Were able to do what were able to do because we rely on everyone understanding what were doing. Not leaving anyone behind, listening to concerns, in finding a collective solution. You do that when you engage. So, im happy to tell you we have departments that focus on local engagement. Not that we set up an Employee Group to do that, but they reach out to our communities. The projects in new york city. We were out there with those residents, ensuring they understand why the network is being built and how it can benefit them. The boys and girls clubs of america, big brothers, big sisters, all these organizations around the country, we tap into because they know whats happening in those local communities. Some of them are employees, some of them are friends and family, but we want to use them to better engage are communities every step of the way. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you for the questions. We have the next one from the governor of puerto rico. Yes. You probably know, in puerto rico were in the midst of an unprecedented reconstruction effort because of damage caused by hurricane maria. This was back in 2017. Right now, we have over 5000 permanent Construction Projects on the way. But the more critical ones relates to the energy system, to the electric infrastructure, which still is too fragile, its antiquated, and so one, so, just in the sector, we have in excess of 11 billion dollars of fema funding to rebuild our grid to improve it. Because at the same time, were moving away from burning oil to generator energy, moving to renewables, the sooner the better, it is a complex effort. So, secretary granholm and i, we were concerned about having regulatory processes going on. So, what i ended up doing was issuing an executive order, basically telling, in the context of the which has been declared, an emergency in the infrastructure puerto rico, in that context, i basically issued a directive to state agencies in puerto rico to give reciprocity to each previous by fema, Historical Preservation are used by fema. Epa reviews, corps of engineers permits. Im giving a list, fish and wildlife reviews, approvals. Basically, im saying, im telling them, if the federal authorities act first, state your hand. Just rely on those for permitting purposes. I did that. Its a creative way to expedite this major project that is on the way. Having said that, my question to you, you know, coming from the private sector, what can we do, as governors, to facilitate, you know, expedite, major Infrastructure Projects. It could be in the broadband, telecommunications area, it could be energy, it could be highway. Is there anything we can deal to expedite this project . Reduce the cost of this project . Thats the question i have for you. You should hold us accountable, to make sure were getting input from communities, right . And the projects have considered those benefits. But then work with us to say, okay, not everybody is gonna be happy, but we have to make a decision. Partner with us and show that leadership its necessary to move these projects forward. Thats right, i think, governor, part of the problem we all have as were trying to partner is the forces of uncertainty. We have to find ways to step one, then step to, then step three, and henry. So often we see the big problem and wring our hands and say, well, were gonna have to do these 50 things. Theres always a first up. So, i would encourage us to always look for that first opportunity and that first opportunity could create the momentum. Its necessary to start the move the project forward. I say that recognizing its a much harder stepmom articulating. I know that. But for me, once you get started, once people see that your dedicated, together, to this and, then you have an opportunity. Governor, puerto rico is a wonderful example of how our industry came together to support and assist. You know, we talk about the energy. But when you are in need, everyone got together, we rolled in, its an amazing example. The next stage, as you say, its the rebuild. I would give you two things that i think would go a long way. Establish clear expectations of what you want. The Crystal Clear about what youre looking for from organizations that are going to come, invest, and build. Two, put a timeline around it. Its amazing what happens when you are very clear, you provide a timeline of how the engineering gets to get it done. Those are the two biggest opportunities we have. And then, those companies were able to step up that challenge will. Thank you so much. Okay, folks, time has passed quickly. We are deeply grateful to colvin, steve, and tony for their input in what their companies are doing. I appreciate helping you to lead this panel in discussions as we meet this challenge of infrastructure. There may not be a group more important in this country than the nations governors right now. We have the opportunity to bring in the local governments, the private businesses, the federal government, and the regulators to get this done. We have an unprecedented opportunity here, and its gonna be up to us to make sure gets done efficiently, effectively, and as quickly as possible. I look forward to working with each of you should make sure it happens in this great country. Thank you guys very much. Thank you. Thank you. [applause] thank, you everyone. Well see that the receptionist evening. For the governors, they can head over to the private event. I think you know