Transcripts For CSPAN2 Book Discussion On Frackopoly 20160802

We have copies of frackopoly available for 20 off at the registers in the next room. This discount is how we saying thank you for buying books and your purchases support the author series and insure the future of an independent bookstore. We are pleased have booktv here and when asking questions during the q a please know you will be recorded and wait a moment for the micrmicrophone to come over. As a reminder and thank you for silencing your cellphone for tonights talk. Wenonah hauter is the founder and executive director of food and water watch which focuses on corporate and Government Accountability relating to food, water and fishing. She has worked and written extensively on food, water, energy and Environmental Issues including as director of public Citizens Energy and environment program, and as the environmental policy director for citizen action. Her previous book, foodopoly, the battle over the future of food and farming in america, was publiced in 2012 and been released in paper back unveiled the issue of corporate control of food in the united states. Her latest book, frackopoly takes on hydraulic fracturing reporting on its history and examininging the part ease who support it and arguge it is dangerous to the environment and human health. Environmentalist and author bill mckid praises frackopoly as a truly powerful manifesto about one of the greatest environmental fights on the planet from one of its greatest champions. And the huffington posted ads read frackopoly. It is wellwritten, timely and very importantment we are pleased to bring the conversation to Harvard Bookstore tonight. Please join me in welcoming wenonah hauter. And thank you to Harvard Bookstore and all of you for coming this evening. In the mid1990s i worked on a Renewable Energy project called powering the midwest. We knew in the 90s that renewables were ready, that Energy Efficiency was ready, and we really needed to make a transition. So a couple years ago, we had been working on fracking at water watch for several years as the First National group to call for a ban on fracking. I started looking at some of the statistics about how far we had come with Renewables Since the mid 1990s when i worked on this project. It was stunning. As of 2015, only 5 of our electricity is generated from solar and wind energy. We need to do so much better and yet here in a state like massachusetts, where you are not really suffering from fracking, but you are suffering from all of the infrastructure to really promote fracking and to allow it to expand. So i decided to write this book because you really need to know where you have been to know where you have going. I wanted to see how we ended up with this monopolized oil and gas industry that has so much power over our democracy and over the future. So i started in at the turn of the century and i want to talk about that history tonight. I mean the turn of the 20th century, not the turn of the 21st century. But before i get started on that history, i want to know how familiar people are with fracking. Maybe i should start by defining it and talking a little bit about the impacts and why we care that there is so much oil and gas drilling and fracking across the country. Come on in. There is plenty of room. Fracking is a sciencefictionlike process that uses large amounts of water, toxic chemicals and very fine sand. It is injected deep underground in a well and then over multiple stages the fracking takes place. The wells are drilled about a mile up to two miles into the ground and then a horizontal tunnel is drilled. Again it could be as much as it a mile or two miles. Then this toxic mixture of sand chemicals and water is injected under very High Pressure in multiple stages to fracture the rock, usually shale, and to release the oil and gas. Although we are talking a lot about fracking being for natural gas since 2012 about 80 of fracking has been for oil. So, what is this doing in the communities where the fracking is taking place . These are called sacrifice zones. There have been 140,000 wells fracked in the last about ten years and today 17 Million People live within a mile of a well and there is a lot of infrastructure to support out fracking and the drilling and fracking for oil and gas. We are talking about thousands of miles of pipelines, c compressure stations, and processing facilities. C compressor stations, fracking and drilling, processing facilities all have a lot of impact with chemicals like benzine and methane are admitted into the air that make the People Living near the facilities sick. Since 2013, there have been 62 studies written about the Health Impacts. 94 of those studies show adverse effects and Health Impacts in living near where fracking is taking place or the compressor or processing facilities. Lets talk about the water now. Fracking uses 50 times more water on average than conventional drilling. We are talking for one well anywhere from 1. 7 million gallons to 13 million gallons in a state like texas. Lots and lots of water is used. Fracking, of course, is going on in some of the driest places in the nation. Places like texas that have been having a drought, california, and in a state like colorado frackers are competing with farmers for water in auctions and having a real impact. When you are using injection, a lot is coming to the surface and it is bringing not just the fracking chemicals and we know the companies dont have to disclose exactly what the chemicals are we know there are over 400 chemicals used, many carcinogenic with other health effects. A lot of the water comes back out of the well. 10 gallons of water a day on average. That is a lot of waste water. It has to be dealt with. And one way it is dealt with is injecting it under the ground. We know that has its own impact, right . Earth knox quakes. And this isnt something i made up for the book. This is something authorities have now confirmed. Fracking waste water injected deep underground causes earthquakes and in a state like oklahoma it has been really shocking. Before fracking started there were one or two serious earthquakes over 3. 0 magnitude. Today there are as many as 5400 earthquakes. That is a recent figure. Annually that are picked up on the seismic equipment. Huge number of earthquakes. This is happening in multiply states ohio, arkansas. There are a lot of other impacts but if you live in a community where fracking is taking place you are probably concerned about it. Your family members may be sick having rashes, nose bleeds, and even more serious impacts. That is why there is a big movement that has sprung up in these communities against fracking and drilling which i will tough on in a minute. But now i want to turn more to the story about how we ended up with an ex treme Energy Process like fracking taking place. Why we are continuing to use fossil fuels even when the Global Climate is threatened. That story begins at the turn of the 21st century when jd rockefeller rolled up the oil and gas industry, controlled 90 of it, used a lot of ruthless and unethical practices to drive other companies out of business and really control a resource that was very important at the time. Originally it used for kerosene which people depended on for lighting their houses. Around the turn of the century, some other companies formed. Oil found around texas, and in europe there were two other companies and i will call them by their modern names. With the mergers through history they have gone through a dozen changes. We are talking about Important Companies that have done a lot of lobbying and have a big impact on where we have today. So the European Companies are shell and bp. The u. S. companies were formed after Rockefellers Standard Oil was broken up. You will remember from history Teddy Roosevelt challenged for the oil industry and there was a proceeding and they ended up breaking up standard oil, rockefellers company in about 30 countries. That is usually the end of the story. But that should be the beginning of the story because standard oil wasnt really broken up. Standard oil got to write its own plan and each of the 30 companies are exon getting half the value of the original standard oil. Rockefeller maintained an interest in each one. The three rockefeller companies were exxon, chevron and mobile and exxon and mobile merged and texaco and gulf merged into chevron as well. We are talking about four companies but for a good chunk of the century there were seven companies that were almost dictating Public Policy and the American Companies had a huge impact on our tax policies, the research that was actually done for the oil and gas industry, the whole system of energy and this got very dramatic in 1928. Kind of the beginning of the oil and gas industry drilling in the middle east. You will remember that the middle east was created at the break up of the Ottoman Empire by france and britain and the oil industry was already there and interested in the resources. In 1928, when oil was found in iraq the big Oil Companies, they are called the Seven Sisters named after a greek mythological story of atlas daughters who fought amongst themselves but if there was every n attack on one of them they all gathered around and protected her so they were nicknamed the Seven Sisters and that is how they behaved. So when this oil was found in iraq there was a lot of overproduction. So the Seven Sisters got together and one of their groups and drew a red line around the middle east and made an agreement amongst themselves they would only go in and drill for oil as jointly. They would never go in alone. This was so they could watch one another. And they would limit production, fix prices and break antitrust laws. Soon after this agreement was made, the three largest of the Seven Sisters, exxon, bp and shell met at a castle in scotland and decided on a set of principles for how they would accomplish this price fixing and moving forward and moving forward to break antitrust and monopoly laws we have in this country. They met after that and were having a big effect on the rules that were being written and the laws that were being decided on prior to world war ii and then after world war ii. But let me step back a minute and talk about the Utility Industry a little bit because today we have this oil and gas industry, the big electric and gas utilities and actually the banks which i will get to in a little bit. While the industry was rolling up and dictating the rules around oil and gas drilling and discovery there was a man named samuel ensoul who was doing the same in the electric utility and gas Utility Industry. He gets something that is similar to what happens with the Housing Market in 20082009. He had an ownership in about 5,000 gas and electric utilities in 30 states but there was a Holding Company structure or a Multi Corporation today and the Parent Company milked the utilities charging them big rates and fees for services. Meanwhile, he had investment companies, a number of them and sold the stock over and over again to these different utilities and this contributed to the crash of the great depression. This has a big impact on policy today so i am talking about this. When roosevelt came into office, there was information to curtail what the electric industries was doing and the Financial Services were doing at the time. There were a couple laws passed i want to talk about because when they were repealed it allowed fracking and the oil and gas industry to blossom and create giant utilities. The first one was an archaic law and regulated gas utilities and they could not gamble with rate payer money and need to have Continuous Service operations. It really dictated the structure of the industry keeping it from getting too big to fail. That was one law and you dont really need to know that. But they were not able to get natural gas included. In fact that law i talked about was probably the most controversial law in the early years of the roosevelt administration. There were 600 lobbyists arguing against it and it passed by one vote and they managed to keep natural gas out of it. They came back and were able to pass another law regulating the Natural Gas Industry because a lot of consumers had been really ripped off and there were urban sitins that were angry and organizing to try to do something about consumers not having access to affordable tural gas which was very important for heating and for electricity generations in some places. So this law did something important. It regulated the price of natural gas and it gave the authority to a governmental body called the federal policy commission. And they used the cost of what it actually what the oil and gas industry had to pay to get the resource out of the ground and then a profit that they added to it which was between 5. 6 and 6. 5 percent over a 40year period. Pretty good for the times. So this was called costbase regulations. This natural gas act regulated pipelines. So you could not go around and build pipelines and get approval. It was a process to see if the pipelines were necessary, people could be involved in the process, it was a lot more democratic. Well, then there was a big debate for the next really tr the 1970s and i talk about characters who played a role in this. Many of them are big characters. One that comes to mind is bill cur who was first the governor of oklahoma and then a senator. He had a ten gallon hat on and pictures of him. He is actually the great nephew of aubrey mcclenden for any of you who follow this industry. He just died mysteriously. He was a big flacker at chesapeake and driven out of the company for bad behavior. This is a relative of audry and every year kerr introduced legislation to do away with the natural gas act until he died in 1963. There were other characters like mccoy who is a favorite villain. He worked for chase bank and was someone who worked as an advisor for nine president s and he is part of the government that exists that is not elected but is always there as an advisor and had a major impact in Public Policy. He was the antitrust lawyer who time and time again stepped in to get the oil and gas industry exempted from antitrust laws. A lot of the time they were sneaking behind the scenes to this. It matters. This has been a debate since the beginning of our country. Thomas jefferson wanted to have part of the bill of rights the right to be free of monopolies. He didnt care about the price of gas or iffed but he cared about the political powlar you get when you are a Large Company you are bigger than most countries and that is what happened to the oil and gas industry. So big that really especially after world war ii they could dictate Public Policy and laws and remember that the amount of oil consumed after world war ii doubled and part of that was it its use for plastic. And also, of course the industry was able to make sure it was used for lots and lots of other things other sources of energy might be developed. They were able to dictate how our tax dollars were used. I want to fast forward because we dont have much time and i want to talk about what happened when these important laws were attacked and appealed. I guess the story really begins we will start with the nixon administration. There were a lot of people in the oil and gast industry who were very concerned about the environmental laws that were beginning to be passed and the movement, the student movement, the real changes in society with the oil and gas industry being concerned about the environmental piece of this. You were the warren court extending rights to people categories of people who had not enjoyed the rights. There was the movement against the car. Kind of a youth uprising. There were a lot of both conservative interests and then a lot of corporate interests that didnt like to see how the country was changing. They helped elect Richard Nixon and after he was elected he promoted people that promoted our democracy. You might remember judge powell, he is the Supreme Court judge that wrote the first opinion saying corporations have the right to par advertise paint in elections like people participate. He wrote an important memo called the powell memo or the powell manifesto. He is a very savvy man. He wrote out a plan to help corporations take back the demomeracy. It was a longterm plan. Around the most important institutions that were going against the corporate interest. He talked about the state and the university. All of the major institutions were actually helping to support this new writing of the rules in the u. S. Including the environmental laws. So this memo laid out a longterm plan for how to undue this and lewis powell helped raise a lot of money to make this happen including money from the coke Koch Brothers and the economic interest in the country. They did weaken our democracy and our political system by creating this. I talk about this in relation to the oil and gast industry because they were key. When president carter came along, there was a lot of pressure on him and in fact, democrats started receiving corporate money at the time because Campaign Finance laws began to change. One of the things he did, you will remember, there was an oil problem with the u. S. Policy. There were long lines for gasoli gasoline. One of the things carter said he would do when taking office was have a new Energy Policy. He put together a plan to do away with the federal Power Commission that was regulating natural gas. It created a new agency calls the department of energy that brought together all of the different agencies that were working on energy and created the federal Energy Regulatory commission that now oversees pipelines, electric wires and a lot of the infrastructure for energy. It was given more and more power over the next decade. That is really how it began. And also under the Carter Administration the rules around Natural Gas Prices and pipelines will be rewritten and were called natural gas deregulation. What it did was rather than having a process to look at the price of gas and see if it was fair and piskand pipelines need built it was deregulated to let the market select what the price would be and if pipelines should be built. A lot of the pipelines today we do not know how many there are because states now cover in this and a lot of them are not regulated at the state level. There are many many more pipelines and if you count the ones that were built before deregulation, today we today we have about 2. 5 million miles of pipelines in this country. It is enough to circle the globe 100 times. Now we are building another 40 years of infrastructure which is really hard to justify considering Climate Chaos and what we face in the future. The next thing that happened was electricity was deregulated or the rules were rewritten. They were rewritten and away to actually incentivize natural gas and smaller natural gas plants and more recently in 2005, we have seen other rules change to incentivize fracking and natural gas. Under the Bush Administration in 2005 the energy bill was passed it has three benefits for the oil and gas industry. One most most of you are familiar with, the hell burton loophole which exempted the from the states drinking act and the other two are less wellknown. One is the repeal of the bill i talked about, the republican utility Holding Company act of 1935. That was repealed and its repeal means utilities could get is because they wanted, they could engage in any kind of activity including the trading and the speculation on the stock market that was for bidden before. In fact natural gas wasnt even really traded before the 1990s. Today we now have 20 giant utilities that operate in this country and provide more than 50 of power, they use the all of the above strategy and they are encouraging fracking and really a party to it. The other thing that changed in the Energy Policy act of 2005, do not have the name quite right before is that it gave the federal Energy Regulatory commission that was created under the Carter Administration new and big powers. It put fe rk in charged of the environment in terms of building new things, thats the National Policy acts that reap choirs that the Environmental Impact assessment study be done to look at the Environmental Impacts. So this agency that has almost never seen an oil and gas or electricity project that it does not love now is in charge of doing the environmental assessment. It also gave it the power of eminent domain, superseding what states and localities can do and giving it the ability to condemn land for pipelines, interstate interstate pipelines for transmission lines. It has really spurred the development of pipelines and fracking. So i have spent a lot of my time tonight talking about the bad things. I want to end by talking about the hope and the good things. I think in the election you have been able to see that her movements has been born around fracking. That is why we have candidates for the democratic nomination for presidency debating fracking. It is because a Huge Movement has grown up around this country. People are saying we do not want to do what is politically possible, we want to have a future, we want to keep a fossil feels in the ground and we do not want fracking. There have been some big victories. A ban in new york, very hot fart ban, a moratorium in maryland and theyre going back to a ban ban this year. Your own senate has passed a moratorium and we will see what happens in the house and hopefully you will have your own moratorium. There have been more than 500 measures, either bands, more tory items or some local against fracking across the country. There are major campaigns taking place in about 15 states including states like colorado and california where there is a lot of drilling going on but there is an aroused citizen dream. I think its really exciting that the movement is growing so big. But we have have to do for the future was really keep organizing and keep our eyes on the prize. We really need to stop saying that renewables are going to come about because the market is going to do it. If the market was going to do it it wouldve are ready happen. We need to fight for the Public Policies that are going to bring us a renewable future, that are going to allow us to use Energy Efficiency, that are going to save the planet for future generations. We do not need 40 more years of infrastructure and acclimate that is threatened and local communities that are threatened. So at water watch we look forward to looking with folks to keep this movement going because i do know we will be successful in the long term. So we can do questions now. [applause]. And if you have a question. Is it also true that the price of natural gas is declined to start close . And that these Energy Companies are mostly on the urgent bankruptcy . I think when you look at the history of the oil and gas industry this is one of the things that has allowed the consolidation. I do not think i mentioned that exxons Largest Record today, that the four remaining Oil Companies that i mention from the beginning are chevron, bp and shell, they are amongst the ten largest trackers. Their history really is boom, bust and when there is a bust they pick up a lot of smaller companies. So i predict and i would probably place a bet this that within the next two years the price of oil and gas will go back up unless we can really curtail what is going on now that the industry wants to export oil and gas, remember first first of all it was for Energy Independence and then when there is too much of it they advocated for being able to export oil which had been illegal since the 1970s. And they are lobbying to build liquefied natural gas plants that would allow the export of gas. The the prices will be going back up. That really is the history of the industry. They will export it and get a hold of it, that is the strategizing they did throughout the 20th century, they were not always able to stop production, but i would predict that pretty soon based on history the price will go up. Mean i have a graph of the actual avenue and flow of the oil industry. It really is, it goes like this, another question . I live between [inaudible] on one. Just in the past couple of years it happens almost every day. A threepoint oh or fourpoint oh, its its not anything like san francisco, but its amazing. But very few people know is actually you have the madrid fall which the even though there are probably eight and nine earthquakes is like 1814, it didnt matter. Theres a lot of problem now youre talking with the water, and the thing about it is the industry is very powerful in oklahoma that there are so many people being badly impacted by this. I did not realize, new the fact that i didnt understand why the water was getting bad. You talk about farms that are using well waters and this is getting into the well water. Thank you for your comment. Im sorry, i do not really here the talk but i have been in new york state being involved in the anti fracking movement. In trying to stop a plucking station. But what i find in the Rural Communities is is also Economic Justice and you go to the Farmers Market and he can talk to farmers about some of them from the report because its very difficult to survive, rule communities are distant. And then there has to be a longterm strategy for economic liability of these communities. Thats an excellent point. My last book was called foodopoly where i really addressed how a rule communities and reg agricultural areas have been blessed left with no host for the future due to corporate agricultural. That is how the landsman who go in and sell leases, they pray a pound people, theyre especially able to do it before people even knew about fracking, people are trying to save their family farms. But its really harmed these communities. You look at a state like north dakota that has booms and busts from the agriculture and actually oil to in the 50s. So theres a lot of development when the transient workers come in i mean the population tripled, quadrupled in some areas they built hotels, restaurants, what they call man camps and housing for these people. And the lifestyle is also effective. Its all about investment with some of it is Public Investment for roads and other infrastructure its gone. Its not really a longterm strategy for economic development, even though some people do benefit many of these communities is the division, those who had the ability to sell leases and made money, and they are affecting their neighbors and the anger, theres a lot of sociological effects to this. Obviously we need to reorient our Economic System so that we have people in Rural Communities able to make a fair living. It means means a complete reorientation of our food policies, or economic policies, but one of the reasons i wanted to write around energy is because of the short term threat and because we need to get energy right and we can create a lot of new jobs if we are doing an Energy Platform that is really about helping people and not helping a few dozen companies. Thats because Energy Efficiency has huge potential. We need to retrofit just about every existing building. We need actually to have schedule funding to get some of this underway. We have to reorient our political system obviously to be able to do this. But we decided to engage in this fight at food and water watch because theres really no choice if were going to save our Global Climates. We find that people really want to fight for what they want, theyre tired of incremental changes that might have some effect. So we need to talk about what the policy changes are and then fight for them. Im excited that we are even talking about fracking during the president ial election. We all know how difficult it is to get an issue to rise. I have big hopes for even after these election for even the millions of young people who have been energized by current events. We are at a historical moment. We have to keep our hopes up and that includes having new policies for rural areas to. My question has to go with i think part of a group in massachusetts that has worked diligently for the past year and a half to look at five pipelines, one very close to where i live. I personally gone to meetings for the conservation to the Supreme Court of massachusetts, personally written to warren and markey, about 40 emails as well as cyber meetings in their offices, thousands of signatures have been collected and hundreds of other organizations and what it always comes down to is the fit between the local Distribution Companies and ferc which is made up of more mostly oil and gas lobbyists. Ive been looking at some articles about some of these meetings that were held who is now in the energy board and its a complete revolving door. Id like you to really delve into as much of that as he possibly could because we even had people in massachusetts approach but refused to meet with us so the meeting closed door meetings with the oil and gas industry, the former cohort. So please go into that as much as you can and what can we all do to combat that system because it is so thick, thats why they called it the expert first. You outline outline a tremendous problem in our movement. I think over time where going to have to fight to not reform for but eliminate the agency and to start over again with an agency that really is looking at these issues are not doing the oil and gas industrys business. But we have found in with our 16 offices were involved in a lot of these local battles. What we found is that you can stop pipelines and states that have some kind of local process, it could be local permitting, i know new york state there have been an lng plant and a pipeline but thats because the decision was made by the state. When you have ferc making the decision, they are not at democratic institution, theyre doing the business of the oil and gas industry. Nobody really knew much about them until this tracking debate started. I would stay the problem that you have with your local electricity market and you mention the iso, thats all resolved with the deregulation of electricity creating that wholesale market so electricity could be bought and sold. Forget i have to get rid of the system and put into place actual mandates. I know its not a popular subject, but we need to speak the truth about this. The way the system has been created today, there is no way that you can really get that renewables and the Energy Efficiency development that you need. Its probably get rid of for, right now while were having this discussion theres actually a coalition of some of the pipeline groups having a meeting. I think its gonna have to be a much broader coalition of all of these groups. There are people fighting pipelines all across this country from the northwest to down in texas, not too far from el paso, all over the country, and country, and we need to get together to first of all take away their power of condemning land and begin to build the political power to have a Different Energy system and to actually get rid effort. We. We need a department of energy that actually creates the plan to get us off of fossil fuels and nuclear powers, we dont need an agency, i mean about 80 of what they have spent at the department of energy over the last 30 years has been for dirty energy. We really need to have a new plan for energy. Think a lot of it is beginning with movement to ban fracking and the Global Climate Justice Movement that wants to keep fossil fuels in the ground. In terms of the relative vet balance of evil and trying to find a Silver Lining in the whole existence of fracking, i wonder what you make of the fact that for all of this problem the fact that it has dramatically increased the u. S. Domestic stores of natural gas, oil it it seems to be accelerating the demise of coal. Yes but one of the things i do not talk about is the threat that natural gas, we know oil is a threat because of carbon but theres a lot of recent science looking at natural gas. Natural gas is mostly methane, about 95 methane. It turns out that methane is a more potent Greenhouse Gas the first 20 years after it is emitted. Of course the next ten 15 years, surely by the next 20 years we need to have a new energy system. So natural gas is actually when you look at the threat to the Global Climates and this is not me speaking, this is scientific cornell, and elsewhere it is a bigger threat to the climate in the first 20 years after it is emitted since it is 100 times more potent than carbon is in the first 20 years. And so we really need to get off natural gas, its its not a bridge, its actually bridge to nowhere and is a bigger threat to our Global Climate. You know what upsets me so much is the idea that we be building another 40 years of this infrastructure, the banks are literally investing and earning billions of dollars to build all of this infrastructure that is going to last for decades, that is why we know its not a bridge fuel, its just an excuse and a way to try to buy people into it. We need to stand up and say no, its a bridge to nowhere. One more question. [inaudible] q talk about the Oil Subsidies in the control they have come i know the Grassroots Movement is over but what we do and what can we do locally and what can we do to tap into raise the awareness. As you know the power vacuum owns the media. But they keep getting the subsidies and not moving towards renewables. So thats one piece of this plus with the Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming back and they knew about it. Its a whole another conversation. How do you address the subsidies, to know who we can work with to approach that and the broader pieces getting the messaging out there. Well, i do think there is a whole social media and i wont call it underground comments and alternative media system because we know the consolidation in the media, in 1984 there are 50 major media organizations and it was already consolidating. Today there are six and i have a chart and a book that that shows the interlocking boards of directors. There is an alternative and i think we could give you a lot of that information if you talk to one of our organizers after this. There is a movement in almost every state and it has to be directed at Building Political power to todays people who are elected and we cannot let them get away with this. And even here in liberal massachusetts, you have liberal members of Congress Like your senator worn when senator markey, we have tried to get senator worn to introduce the bill that we are able to introduce the house with 37 sponsors in the house, it is a bill to ban fracking on public land, pretty easy, not real not real big, having had success with that. With either of your senators, so i think one of the things you need to do here massachusetts is try to create some leadership that could be used to begin within the democratic establishment because what we find is in a lot of the states were working with democratic governors from rhode island, pennsylvania, colorado, california, they are supporters of fracking. So we need to get more liberal democrats with the program and then we can start working more broadly. We need to do it right away. The subsidies are shocking and they have been going on for decades. I talk about some of the tax benefits like the golden gimmick that is been around since 1948 that it gives American Companies attacks benefit if they produced oil in saudi arabia. Theres a lot of outrageous stuff that goes on and thats because of their power. I will say that fracking itself, the technologies that came together to allow fracking, many of them were actually perfected and paid for by federal tax dollars. So we do have a lot of work to do but lets give these elected officials, especially the ones that say theyre really represented us to do the right thing to begin with. Id also like to but youll to get involved with food and water watch. I know a lot of local groups. We really pride ourselves on fighting back and creating the political space to actually do what we want to do with our future. We have a lot of opportunities to get involved with local organizing with these issues. We. We would love to have you join our list. In fact, if youre not are not familiar with food and water watch and would like to get on our list right away, i could have you take out your phone and have you text frackopoly to 69688. 69866. Yes im supposed to have this piece of paper in front of me and i had a moment. 69866, text frackopoly to it. Okay, thank you. [applause]. Thank you very much of overcoming the book is for sale at the register in the next room. Will form the sun in line up the center aisle here and have the signing right here at the table. And i have an announcement that someone left their keys in the cabin the cabdriver brought them back. If you think you lost your keys in the cab go to the information desk. Thank you. Watch book tv in prime time again tomorrow night when well feature books for summer reading. Our lineup includes Patricia Bell scotts narrative about the friendship between british Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and a young writer and activist. After that wendy west shares moment of her life in the memoir, shrill, notes from allowed woman. Also, sue kriebel talks about the role her son had in the 1999 columbine shooting in a mothers reckoning. And mary roach looks at the challenges facing combat soldiers in her book grunt, that is night beginning at beginning at 8 00 p. M. Eastern on cspan2. The cspan buses in philadelphia, this week about the Democratic Convention and the most important event of the 2016 president ial campaign. Hello, im, im a superdelegate firm Hillary Clinton for the great city of liebling, it gives me pleasure and honor to be a part of this historic moment. My. My First Convention was in 2006 excuse me 2008 to be a part of the convention to nominate the first africanamerican president and im looking for to do it again to nominate the first female president in the united states. Im excited about today and about this opportunity. Go high go ohio, go hillary. Hello im a delegate from the San Fernando Valley in los angeles, california. Im supporting hillary. I cannot be more excited to support the first female candidate for president. I care about womens issues in middle east politics. I know she is the most qualified candidate for president so i cannot be more excited. My name is ryan and i met the ohio delegation conference at the dnc. The most important issue for me for the president ial has consequences for the next three years in the Supreme Court can last ten or 30 years. Hello, im a district delegate from fresno, california Congressional District 22. My delegate experience has been eyeopening. I feel like im witnessing the death of democracy. I do not feel included. I do not like my voices are. Im im very concerned for the future of my country, for my granddaughters and so the revolution continues. Im from orange, california and im having a great time as a delegate. Am here because of my grandmother, my mother, my wife, my, my daughter, and of course my baby, my grandbaby was six months old. It is so important in the election to break the glass ceiling. Voices from the road from cspan. Did you miss any of the republican or Democratic Conventions . Now you can go back and watch every moment. Go to cspan. Org to find every speech rumble conventions. Watch ondemand whenever you want. Heres how. At the top of the cspan. Org home page click on either the democratic or Republican Convention where youll find videos from each day of both conventions. Youll find each day of both conventions. Youll find Convention Highlights near the top and scroll down and browse browse through. Click on the speech you want to watch and you can clip any speech and share in social media or email. Cspan. Org is your competence of guide for finding video of any convention moment. Cspan, created by cable, offered as a by cable, offered as a Public Service by your television provider. Book tv continues next was Stephen Moore and Kathleen White whose book, fueling freedom makes a case for using fossil fuels as an energy resource. After that a look at the Energy Crisis in the 19 seventies, meg meg jacobs writes about it in panic at the pump