I am sure justice i am sure this isnt something any to make clear. In 1960 clip. You will hear how comfortable she was with the justices probing her questions and positions today sector arguments hear you will hear her plane having fun with the way the justice worded one of his questions. This is an opportunity of a bike to go one to show. How will ask the question the standard for all unanswered to the chief justice greg. What do you mean by. I dont fall on either. [laughter] she won that case eight one with Justice Whitaker providing bellow dissent despite the banter you heard in the prior clip they enjoyed a cordial relationship outside the courtroom frankfurter inscribed copy of his book to her this way, for bessie who pleases me more often than i through no fault of my own. In the early 60s she decided to pursue a federal judgeship as a particularly audacious pursuit given the fact there only to women federal judges in the country but with the enthusiastic support from congress the Supreme Court and the Labor Department her name was considered by lbj himself. Isnt clear what if any role her affair played in the decision but she faced other hurdles one male warehouse staffer criticized her fashion for the appearance and flamboyance and another said her age of 58 would preclude her from consideration by 1968 she was passed over for 15 judicial vacancies all by minnesota seven were older than she was. The Silver Lining for her not to get the judgeship that she remained at the Labor Department promoted in 1963 to associate solicitor for trial litigation and appeals in developed the strategy some personally argue the first appeals under the equal pay act and the age discrimination and employment act. By the time she retired 1972 she oversaw the filing of 300 equal pay lawsuits in 40 states openly recovering nearly 4 million over 18,000 employees earning the title of the nations number one fighter for equal pay for women. This is harder than a power. 1 such battle was the most significant appellate victory that one likened to a second round be boarded education able to convince the Third Circuit court of appeals to overrule a trial court to establish a precedent that remains in existence today that work needs only to be substantially equal an identical to warrant equal pay under the act. The company however sought review from the Supreme Court you will hear next after retirement dinner 1972 Justice Silberman describing what happened next. Laugh laugh as i told you the Third Circuit coming to a decision to save the least was sweeping in scope i distinctly saw a footnote we will give you anything you wont please and the new one to please to not center down again. [laughter] and counsel for the other side petitioned and we discussed that. You can see the light in her eyes she had a sweeping decision in the Third Circuit harrison opportunity for the Supreme Court she suggested maybe we should not oppose if it was appropriate for the Supreme Court to see the issue a think any decision was better than the Third Circuit decision we did know they would be as terrorizes the Third Circuit although there others year that could address that point of laugh but i figure a way to do with the problem i just sat back and say ive never argued a case in the Supreme Court cement she did not want anyone else to argue if she could not at the retirement dinner the chief Justice Warren retired was the guest speaker he credited bessie with putting the flesh on the bare bones of the fair labor standards act that would have been inadequate without the implementation that they forged in the courtrooms it is hard to top with the chief justice said slow offer the one concluding comment before taking questions, fair labor lawyers prefers into the new deal legislation that she shepherded through the court prefers to her career obstacles she faced as a woman the opportunities of influential supporters and in the use of for feminine charm the nonconformist personal life the title also represents uh challenge imposed to restorer her place in history to do justice to tell her remarkable story i hope by have succeeded thanks for your attention. [applause] in the time remaining at would be happy to answer a few questions if you step up to the microphone cement could use a little more about the orphan home and was sustained that for so many years . Select your finished did close 1946 which was actually a byproduct of the new deal legislation the Social Security act made a possible for surviving parents to have some form of welfare income to keep the kids at home also couples with the developing notion that they should be kept in families instead of institutions but the orphanage transformed into a social Service Agency just celebrating the 160 anniversary and continues to serve children the orphanage was founded 1856 that the impetus of the yellow fever epidemic the worst in the nations history sustain although a shares and supported thrall those through the deep south as it was when she lived there 1913 through 1925 per siblings also did well and in the book i am right to know i talked about how many overachievers were remarkably produced by this institution run like a religious boarding school more than any notion of an orphanage one sibling her older sister came back after she received her nursing degree and was employed as a nurse many people interviewing today we member as the nurse who cared for them herbert her brother also better degree in business and early 1930s went to dartmouth with a career in retail that stretched from florida and atlanta she died 1996 at the age of 87 after she retired she got to fulfill to affirm dreams to teach law and be a judge. She taught a course of labor law at George Washington university and served as an arbitrator in labor cases associates came close to her to aspirations. [applause] will then america dead today want to make sure they have the ability not to get pregnant because of the mosquitos. But today they turn down the of money that they argue for in may and decided to gamble with the lives of children like this. All of these votes are vital to the future of this nation at a time of turmoil of the greatest number of refugees since the end of world war two. Gun violence legislation in criminal justice reform. Remember of this body of republican and democrat wants to see less gun violence cns we must continue to work the work of nonviolence to demand this senseless killing every where simic as a resolution to impeach the irs commissioner House Resolution in teaching the commissioner of the irs for high crimes and misdemeanors we will reuse view of the debate correspondent to the Washington Examiner join us thursday night for congress this fall. Has said mention before i keep a book of my nightstand in indiana as a travel plans week so before i go to bed i tried to get some good reading that i have my on the plane book so not surprisingly the two books i reading actually just finished was jack kemps book the bleeding heart conservative rather is a very close friend and colleague of jack kemp and we had a very good person relationship so is good to go back and read that history but the politics from washington along game. He was my posse you mean free book about a should read it but i just read Chapter Seven them the book on the plane is a new book about churchill written by the former mayor of london and a Big Churchill fear and every book i can get my hand , but it is from a different perspective a totally different look at churchill with a different perspective i am enjoying that now and with the Intelligence Committee there is a book called tight rope about world war ii spies here dropped into france to report on the germans so recently and those in dash stacking ideas for the breakin august when i have a little more time to read. I hope to finish a couple of books first of all which was given to me by senator blunt this is a book that is about the dome put on the Capitol Building pries civil war but what i found especially interesting is the focus on the House Chamber and how those were added to the original Capital Building and one of the main proponents is Jefferson Davis so while we are approaching the civil war we have Jefferson Davis helping our country helping to build the Capital Building to serve and then later we know he became the president of the confederacys a that is a book im hoping to get through i have started in need to finish also destiny and power which is the book on george h. W. Bush of a bike to get that done this summer and every summer i try to read a book i have read before last summer i read to kill a mockingbird before that i read all the kings men which is one of my favorite this summer i will read the tale of two cities senate have a bigger stack then i have time that the right brothers which is a wonderful american story of ingenuity and creativity in the library of congress brings in an authors they interview them and talk about the most recent books had the opportunity to see david talking about this book and then they give less each a copy if we come to the event. It is a wonderful story. The first the best book ever read last year was poetry night at the ballpark which had nothing to do with poetry but Minor League Baseball and politics and history that i would recommend that book. I am reading this got bird biography and then i am reading a new book that is a travel book this is equal to a book that they wrote 25 years ago and then i reading a third book of which is about the rowing team at the university of washington from the olympics that was recommended to me by a staffer i have not been interested before but it is about hitler and history and less about growing rolling [applause] i am the is a share director here on behalf of every line here and National Geographic it is my pleasure to and introduce you to tonights program like to start by asking of a show of hands, many of you is this your first time been . So many over the past 12 years within the 108 yearold building the have served as a nondenominational synagogue as well as a place for arts and culture and Live Entertainment and timely conversation and it has partnered programming with National Geographic to build the community through shared experiences of topics most relevant to our lives with the unfortunate to post hundreds of notable people but tonight is the first time we have never hosted in mostar not it is a true honor to welcome buzz aldrin also the only dancing with the stars contestant. [laughter] were here to celebrate the release of his book no dream is too high life lessons from a man who walked on the moon drawing on his experiences of space and for and life the book is a reflection of what he has learned throughout his 86 years. Having read the book by can say even if you havent traveled to hundred 60,000 miles to the moon you can still relate to the revealing funny insightful realistic list and he shares in the book his early years flu may have been a coincidence his mothers name was marion munis seems like he was born to do what he achieved growing up in aviation family with a grandfather father that both served in the Army Air Corps as a little boy he loved to build model air planes and a neighbor with comic books featuring fictional space travelers u. S. To years old when his father took him on his first airplane ride named eagle and ironically because when they landed on the mood the end of the mood to name the historic moonwalks the lunar module was also named the eagle. He graduated third in his class at west point and a Fighter Pilot with u. S. Airforce in korean war when on to earn his doctorate from m. I. T. The first time he applied to be investor not nasa turned him down he has never had much appreciation for the word no the second time he applied he secured one of eight spots out of 6,000 applicants one of the principles he shares failure is always an option when he went to highschool his goal was to become a Rhodes Scholar he applied twice the wasnt accepted his life and American Space program may have been dramatically different heady not fail to become a Rhodes Scholar and that is an important lesson innovation and a commitment to serve his country has been his Guiding Principles since the apollo 11 mission that led to being awarded the president ial medal of freedom remains a champion for veterans he devotes a energy to the goal of reaching and exploring mars to draw awareness to the cause he wears the shirt that reads get your ass to mars laugh laugh if anybody believes it is possible it is the soldier in tonight he will begin conversation of the Mission Control director of the soldier in enterprises please give them a warm welcome. [applause] get a load of los. Banks for coming tonight this this this second house of worship of this year. Was kind of grateful you didnt have your son. [applause] he has the original the guy behind as the limited edition. I have been working with the estate and adheres i will say a few years ago people would say how long have you worked together piece says not long enough i notice he doesnt say that anymore laugh laugh i call myself his mother sometimes my title says manager and Mission Control director of buzz aldrin but he calls me Mission Director panettas are accurate because i at no control and he will see that shortly laugh laugh but i guess we have to figure out where we want to star she told your whole life story should read novak to the beginning greg. Before. How far . To the philippines . Igo earlier strike that is maybe four what rethinking question met with father graduated from highschool at age 15 does that tell you anything . He went to clark university. There is a professor there who was Robert Goddard so he got a masters at m. I. T. Working on his doctors degree but that was interrupted by the last parts of world war i they wanted him to go into the coast artillery he was writing his thesis on airplanes so he got into the signal corps and got his way into flying and his first assignment which was to the philippines so that was worth that to know that. [laughter] so the first assignment was as an aide to Billy Mitchell civic there are a few old people here. Ask your neighbor but that is where the Army Chaplain by the way of the name say arnold married jessie ross and became jesse moon. They have to older daughters and a son. My father took a fancy to the older daughter and they saw each other their dad came home and turn around and came back to get married again eight 2 3 through egypt and the pyramids sully he finished up and eventually he starts at the air corps Engineering School at the cook field that became right to feel that became Wrightpatterson Air Force base summary father was commandant between 1920 and 26 so all of the aviation officers that went through the school and they were the big leaders of the air corps and world war two. Things other or a little slow so dad decided to go into the reserves he got a job with the Whale CompanyStandard Oil New Jersey and guess where the offices are in new york . 30 Rockefeller Plaza so somebody comes along recently to say word you like to play a role in 30 rock . Of course. Spec if you havent seen that you must watch it buzz aldrin say we had a ball. [laughter] cement but i want to get to your life because you may have some lunchtime and people have questions but that some point did decided to have children you had a couple sisters many and then fade then baby bust came along spinet people always ask daddy get the name . They assume buzzing from like a Fighter Pilot class to make that came later simic my sisters could not pronounce a brother. So thats what i was but as that is where it started everson its none this is, jr. They would not call me that certainly to make jesse know his legal name is buzz aldrin he changed addend the 80s it dries me crazy when i send the legal name then somebody fills the of plane ticket with edwin they say thats what this says on the internet laugh laugh so he is buses he took his first ride at age two dash engine model plane propeller 12 passengers painted to look like an eagle redandwhite with the wings and tail the symbol of our country the name of the spacecraft that landed on the moon cement guy like eagles. Economic remember interestingly his father knew the right to brothers and lindbergh really well. Lots of people from that era and your sister wrote in a plane . Been mike yes we had a basement with a lot of pictures of early aviators the second guy i had was also in the standard oil of new jersey was the amphibian and my sister it was her first she got sick not be. Maybe the first but not the second so we have a great picture of the amphibian and it was christened by a millionaire art Jimmy Doolittle was a contemporary i did hear anyone knowledge men. There was a producer in hollywood by the name of Jimmy Doolittle. He was confusing he was a boxer also a test pilot he was the of one who was the first to have a hood over the single seat plane and could not see out he checkoff and good command and land the first person to fly in airplanes. Totally on instruments. He also was the first to an outside loop an even i have not tried that. The inside do business way when you come around the onside is this way. The. Is is this way spinet distilled time to try that speculators as an airplane . I will jump ahead because there is that an air show a couple years ago there kind of like the blue angels but the blades are like acrobatics they taken up in the plane we show what been blacktie there like you want to go up . I said did not . They said well put him in a flight suit they go up once he was up there they started to do acrobatics do want to try one soleil tried to do this call then you stall and fall cement it is called of Falling Leaves and you feel like thats been made he does that then he did all these other things as it sometimes had done that. Host ever done that before. [laughter] some say you have time laugh laugh so go back again i know you love Jimmy Doolittle but lets get to your life. [laughter] so to jump ahead he goes to school and graduated in short pants black sea went to west point action is required rebellious his father wanted him to go to the Naval Academy and why did you go quick. It is a long story. West point teaches leadership. [laughter] no. I will stop there. There probably navy people in the audience at 01 to this anybody off laugh laugh. Where are we . Been a Washington Summit you may have heard of the river . I went to the severance schools like to pass the exam to get into west point state bank usually says he gets seasick thats why you didnt go into the navy vet then he rebelled and went to west pointed age 17. 17 and 1 2 almost beyond espy met not quite 1947 osborn in 1930 and 1947 was the unification act when they this split up the services to put them under the Defense Department so the airforce was separate service they did have the Airforce Academy perk gulf. But we knew when we graduated about one quarter from west point and one quarter from being town been town. [laughter] they would be granted the great privilege to join the airforce so that is how that happened to people. [laughter] sumacs now we are jumping ahead. He became a Fighter Pilot and went to korea. Before that a couple of important things. Did you ever hear of oxford in england . Rhodes scholarship becks fail once that was pointing go through their rollicking four preachers and theology students i didnt make it again but my career would have been a little bit different. We went to oxford last year and he said what do think what happened cooks there was this one instructor and a Gunnery School in las vegas and he knew i would try again he said hope he gets it because he will get over to correa and then say i have a Rhodes Scholar. [laughter] said tonight that reminds me of my favorite story of him. Till that fast you tell long stories so the congressmen from texas was his wing man and korea. Nevermind. But the river is on the Northern Edge of north korea that we were fighting against on the other side is manchuria you are not supposed to fly their but the russian pilot of north korea were over there and occasionally some of the squadron commanders with the death white and parachute down north of the river then after about a week the commander would shot down north of the pow and that was flying on his wing investigative board listed the details and so he told them the truth of where they were that misstep the rest of his career and put a letter in his file. So youll learn a lot of lessons like this n and out of the military. [laughter] now lets get you to space and now theres a much to tell but i think people have questions ill tell you right now dont ask what did felt like to walk on the moon back unless you are a kid. [laughter] cement a tell the kids it was squishy laugh laugh. There you got your answer lets get to space un correa then at the Airforce Academy then germany and he served with ed white and he died in the apollo one fire. Key was that west point we were on the track team when i got into that squadron the two of us represented the squadron of the gunnery exercises so i knew i could shoot better than he could spare mickey called you to set will apply for the astronaut program. That is after he left. Mid1960s to say nasa is looking for astronauts after the mercury seven i said i have done the same qualified so i will apply. I said i can shoot better read better than you can and i was at m. I. T. Working on rendezvous in space and now some like to know how to do that maybe i could help them out for vessel i applied. You are stubborn city would try eagan. If at first you dont succeed try again. But then you are expected then became an astronaut lee although that. So lets talk about it gem and i almost you would not fly into my question my help to train them mcdonnelldouglas built mercury spacecraft they built it a little bigger 42 people bigger than jim and i said they figured out different ways to rendezvoused some of the people were pretty bold and neither of these were very good we will go into details but it was a Fighter Pilot type of rendezvous and i worked training some of them so i went to the boss and said the of a like to fly in one of these flights to rendezvous. He said nothing. The list comes out and jim lovell and i are on the backup group forge of and i tend so when that flies that have accrued for no dream is too high and well for the backup crew becomes the prime crew on 13 but there wasnt a 13. That is a dead end assignment. See were the first to train under water with neutral buoyancy but when did you do that . Is that when you knew quick. No the backyard paper a topnotch pilot in our class was of the prime crew forging mi. There is snowstorm in st. Louis they didnt quite make the turn in a crash into the hangar where the aircraft was in both for killed so that is the primary crew the backup crew takes over. And now the crew that will fly on to my nine doesnt have a backup crew but here is global and aldrins we became the backup crew so now that means there are cruise 10 and 11 and we will fly on the last one so that is the way things happen sometimes its been after fix your microphone you are okay now so were running out of time. [laughter] i know youre at the Senate Hearing last year as said that it was friends of ours because calling to wrap up the story cement we have to get up to a few things they do think it is funny that was dead crews he said lotus notes it is from the International Space station. Hurry up pirko chop chop. [laughter] lets get you up to space he said it is so easy my grandma could have done it. May be your grandma. But then i have something new. With our mission we would rendezvous to dock with the spacecraft in reverse scheduled to throw this one h. F. And that led take us much higher to get higher. [laughter] so everybody looks smaller. There were several different extra vehicular activities. We got outside and the crew chiefs, two of them, were very sad, we lost the apollo one crew on the launch pad. They had a fire and all three of them were killed including my very good friend ed white. That caused a bit of a delay before the next flight could take place. In october of 68, apollo 7, the first command module flight. Neal and were assigned for the backup crew and it looked as though soviets had flown around the moon empty. And they did it the second time and everybody thought they would do that. So they shifted the second flight. They added Frank Foreman as the commander and yale and i were in the backup crew. At one time, lubl was with us but he moved up. It was andrew that flew to the moon on apollo eight and read from the bible, genesis, christmas eve. And quite a moving experience. Then we were into 63 69. In may through the lander in lunar orbit, sort of a dress rehearsal to the next flight which was apollo 11. What you dont know, back up a couple years. 1967. I know what you are going to say. Coming off the assembly line, one, two, three, four, five. They are all overweight for a landing. Yours was . Number five was overweight. Part of his landing landed on the moon and he thought he could adjust the books a little bit and trim a little weight here and there. We went to see the Program Manager. If i can reduce the weight on led five will you let it be a lander . Of course, i will. And so, because we like to have at least one more landing opportunity before the end of the decade. So, land five, reduce the weight, and it became the spacecraft apollo 11 had. Had we not reduced the weight the first landing would have been six in september. Didnt happen that way. He is one i dedicated to book to. The dreamer, the out of the box thinker and seat of the pants innovator like me. John to david, claer, ed white and Stephen Hawking but it is best to keep my friends in the apollo 11 Neal Armstrong and michael collins. Unfortunately, hue passed away a week before the book came out. We wanted to give it to him personally. He was very innovative. He wasnt just a maintenance operator in korea. He did different test jobs with nasa and ended up being the Program Manager of one of the landing spacecraft. I didnt know him in korea. A couple years later i did meet him and we really saw eyetowhy on a number of things of flying airplanes. Using drop tanks. Those are always good things in space except when you use such an enormous one as the Space Shuttle did. Lets not go into shuttle programs. Lets get you on the moon because we are getting low on time and i want to let people ask questions. We will not talk about the whole trip to the moon. A lot of people assume neal said the first things on the moon but actually it was you. What were your first words on the moon . Magnificent. No, that wasnt. Contact heights . Oh, you mean, when we touched down . Yes. Of course, but who is trying to okay. Contact flight. Whatever. Neal goes down. He is hopping around out there and buzz knows he can walk around. It was your time to go out. You are going down the ladder. No, you are not quite going out the ladder yet. You come out well, i had to send the camera down to neal. So we rigged up a clothes line with a pulley here and when we went down he took the strap that was part of the clothesline. He is down at the bottom, i hook the camera, and send the camera down to him. That is kind of silly, isnt it . But having done that, when we are through with all of this stuff and got the big boxes, we can put the box there and i am up above and he is down there. We bring up the rock boxes. Now that dont say nasa doesnt think ahead. We really did think ahead with that one. You are going out partially yeah, see i had to go down the ladder the way the navy guys do. He picked up a contingency and i could see he was moving around. It wasnt any trouble at all to scoop it up. It is my turn to come out so i back up, i didnt need anyone to guide me out. I remember the checklist. See i am going out and the hatch is here and the checklist partially close the hatch. That seems like a good idea. I went out and said i will partially close the hatch making sure not to walk it on the way out. That would be a bummer. It is a little light comment here and there. People get too nervous and you make them laugh. I am going to let you tell one more story and then let people ask questions. I am telling that because if you see the microphones and want to get ready. People probably recognize this photo. It is called the photo. Buzz sent the camera down to neal. So that means Neal Armstrong took this picture of buzz. Tell quickly how neal took the picture. Around hollywood, they had get togethers about the pride of these producers. They decided to have particular pictures and ask people what made them so yunique. Location, location, location. Buzz took a couple pictures on the moon. The most important is the boot print. So unusual. The dust up there. You put your foot down and it made a perfect boot print. It is very unusual. So, i did a before and after. It looked lonely. I put my foot down and moved it over a little bit and really you can see it wasnt a visitor. It wasnt numbered else. It was. And the manager said it is not fair. I have taken thousands of photos. He is a good photographer. He is but he said you have literally taken three photos in our whole life and you took that one