Profitable thing because its now. So you really cant compete with cbs. Cbs will on digital sioux but you know you cant control your space. So it was her server putting that app out and youtube in the last few months started saying we are not going to air a lot of free stuff. They are going to start monetizing and they are going to start restricting. Its just a platform. Whatever he gone there and we will control it. And then conversations about in actuality and access. I think if you have the apps and you have the web site the most important you can do is use it as a platform to bring it back home. You control, you know instagram and his facebook, bring those people back so thats the only way they can control it. Let me ask a very different question. We have been talking about cultivating and controlling what we are producing now. Have we done a good enough job taking care of the folks who created this . I will use hiphop pioneers is just one example of it and god bless cornell and their hiphop archive for creating the space for africa lambada but id be hardpressed to think about many cultural groups or rachel racial groups that would have artistic pioneers that would not fundamentally find ways to make sure that those folks are taken care of. There is no reason for the great innovators of our expression whether its a black Arts Movement or jazz modernist or hiphop pioneers to be able to live there last days destitute when they have created so much wealth both culturally and spiritually but also monetarily in the world. So how do we create a system that better takes care of it . As suggested earlier how do we start to use these university and institutional spaces we have to leverage resources to be able to do a better job. Also in terms of our community you know, love the fact that we just crowd funded don t. Knows film from miles davis and spike lee has use crowd forming. How about we club form some black artists poets . I think is a piece of that we have some absurdly wealthy black folks in this country who trade on a black audience in the east at least initially to get where they are and it depends upon that as a foundation and yet we dont have systems of holding them a comical that all. So theres a sense in which, and i take your charge really seriously about how do we think imaginatively about it in this is the history of black artists. We have generations of people who have died destitute. So i think that we do have to, also part of that has to be to hold those who make absurd while accountable as well because there are many of them who can take care of all of the pioneers without feeling it at all. I kind of disagree with that even though its a good idea. Its great but the idea, i think we have all got to look to ourselves. I think we have got to look deep inside of ourselves sometimes and you know its really one of those situations where i used to tell my mom you know like is it okay to beg and she would just give me that mean look like how dare you ask me that question when i send you to school. That is not supposed to be embraced so the idea of us looking for help, it seems for in and it should be treated as such. It should be the last resort. I think what you have to do is look inside yourself real day. We have the energy, we have the passion. Use it wisely and a lot of times we dont because some of those people you are talking about who are very wealthy, abundance of wealth they have created it and kudos to them. I think accountability is different than hill. If there is someone who has made extraordinary wealth off of the community, off community, off of the legacy having a responsibility. So you know exploitation is defined and there are whole bunch of people doing the work could one person out of that group gets all the profits from it. And so we have an explicative situation i think that leads to an appropriate demand for accountability. None of these people were able to create, they couldnt create the cultural forms and create the work independently so to create it is to say okay you have been able to do this because how might you reimagine your responsibility to the people who made it possible for you to achieve it . Look at berry gordy. Would you blame him for the motown experience . Would you say you did something wrong when you created this opportunity and some of these guys were on drugs and some of these ladies they threw a. The different site is barry gordy blatantly exploited some of these artists. Im saying you are saying its not okay to work with barry gordy who is a great mind. You are saying you know what . The question is how do we pull barry gordy like people more accountable in terms of how they take care of their artists . And again as monty said theres a whole history of black artists regardless of john merra who did not get paid their due. Record companies and we talk about any hiphop artists about your 50,000dollar dance. And the car and the cheap gold that you got and how much the record company, and we could be talking about rockefeller as easily as we are talking about any of the transnational companies. In the same sense, in the same sense those people created opportunities and we have utilized the opportunities and we enjoy them. We danced to the motown blitz, we did and we enjoyed it. I certainly did. I still love the temptations. I also think that. What im saying is there are two sides to the story. Theres also a reflection for example you want to make awareness of the responsibility if someone has made a lot of money. I know that when i would see them play for a lot of people to work too but on the same note if someone is like barry gordy and you make sure that the fan base that is supporting barry gordy and paying him back to okay you make it aware that you need to be accountable. Because then the reflection is going to go on. Hes going to make more money and we dont want to support that person. I also thing when you look at the arts and of black Culture Movement of the arts i wouldnt be here without that. There are a lot of people that either created their livelihood or who have just enjoyed the creation and they lived a better life. I know what chuck d who was ursulas publicist they are trying to create a foundation to support elders and hiphop whether a break dancer dancer or proper or people that have gone back to it because they never really had money. I think across the arts is important because you know we live from them. They gave us and they had to do things where people dont remember. When i was writing theres a risk and thats why you do it. But there were also a lot of people saying buddy you doing with graffiti on the train tracks that gum gum, that s. T. A. R. T. There was the voice by the poets standing on the corner or creating the art. There are a lot of people like the police or whoever telling them to get off the corner. So they had the suffrage to go through that and go through that so theres a big responsibility. As a consumer i dont mind supporting them. Im in hiphop but i would still supported. I dont know there is a museum or whatever but people do need to be accountable if they have a lot of money and at least be recognized for being accountable. I want to thank our panelists for being here this afternoon. This is vintage thing conversation about the new urban aesthetic. Thank you very much to the audience. [applause] we are out. [laughter] [inaudible conversations] is leading a Divestment Campaign indicating College Endowments to self investments in hydrocarbon production companies, hydrocarbon producers, and hes fond of saying do the math. In fact 350 dot org as a documentary with that very title, do the math. Lets do the math. In 2010 mckibben wrote we need to cut our fossil fool use by factor of 20 over the next few decades. Today we consume roughly 215 Million Barrels of hydrocarbons, of Oil Equivalent per day in coal, natural gas. 215 Million Barrels. We cut that by 20 fold we go down to 11 Million Barrels of Oil Equivalent for the entire world. Thats roughly the amount of energy now consumed by the country of india. To give it another metric today global gasoline consumption is roughly 22 Million Barrels per day. Where we to follow mckibbens prescription we would have to have cut our gasoline consumption in half and women of any oil, natural gas or coal left over for a vision, electricity production, home heating or industry. In 1800, global cop population was roughly 1 billion people, and Energy Consumption was roughly 10 Million Barrels of Oil Equivalent per day. Nearly all of that came in the form of renewals, from wood, biomass, et cetera. Today we have 7 billion people, far more industry, our economy, is large and get mckibben wants us to return to Energy Consumption levels that dominated 200 years ago. This is the same man who called the compass to produce hydrocarbons quote a rogue force. Was mckibbens answer for energy needs, renewable energy. The same thing weve heard from sierra club, greenpeace, Natural Resources defense council, and many other groups like them. Okay fine. Renewable energy again, lets do the math. Doing the math lets look only at electricity market. Forget oil and Transportation Energy for the moment. Just look at electricity into the math on electricity. Over the past three decades Global Electricity demand has been increasing by about 450 terawatt hours per year, 450 trillionwatt hours per year. Its roughly one new brazil at electricity demand being added to Global Electric demand every year over the last 30 years but if you look at the forecast from exxon mobil, bp, there impose agreement and that theyre projecting and other brazils worth of electric demand Going Forward for the next 2025 years. So do the math. What would be required if we were to supply all of that incremental demand growth just with solar . I am bullish on solar. Ive solar panels on the roof of my house. For the record im opposed to all Energy Subsidies unless im getting them. [laughter] i have 3200 watts of solar panels on the roof of my house . Am i stupid . My neighbors say i love your solar panels. I said thank you. You pay for them. [laughter] seems to take a little shine off of but back to solar if we wanted to make gain making internal demand what would it require . We have to produce for him 50 terawatt hours of electricity every year. The math is easy. Look at the Bp Statistical review, Common Source of information. In 2012 germany had more solar capacity than any of the country, about 33,000 megawatts. In 2012 that capacity produced 20 terawatt hours of electricity. From here the division is easy. Just to keep pace with demand growth in electricity alone, we would have to install on a global basis 16 times as much solar capacity as not exist in germany and we would have to do so every year. What about wind energy . Im not bullish on wind energy. The power density is the key problem with wind energy. The power density of wind energy is one watt per square meter. If we wanted to use wind energy to meet just incremental demand growth and what would it require . Install roughly 280,000 megawatts of new Wind Energy Capacity every year. Doing so would make wire covering atlanta area of roughly 280,000 square kilometers, a land area nearly the size of italy and would have to do so every year. Now come its hard to even comprehend this so let me break this down. We are in manhattan. Manhattan covers cracked 60 square columbus. Going back to wind just to meet incremental demand growth with wind injured g8 would require us to cover roughly an area 13 times the size of Manhattan Island and we would have to do so everyday. This is the math. Do the math. We did the math. And all the source of the decided you are in the book, by the way, to your friends, neighbors. You dont have to read it. You just have to buy it. [laughter] nevermind. Moving on. Solar and wind, domestic we did the math. The reality is, the truth is, the simple math is that solar and wind energy cannot even meet incremental demand growth in the Global Energy market much less displace significant quantities of hydrocarbons. What weve been told repeatedly then by the degrowth crowd, by the catastrophists isnt renewables are the answer. Renewable energy is the energy form of the past, not the future. As i make clear in the book, the future fuels, the fuels of the future are into to end, natural gas to nuclear. Im not arguing oil and coal are going away. They are not. If were going to be serious about Climate Change we are not going to solve the issue Climate Change with solar panels on Walmart Stores in california. It is not going to happen. If were going to be series about addressing bishop Climate Change in co2 emissions, the path forward is obvious, it is end to end, natural gas and nuclear. My final point. The second american century. We are beginning a second american century. Why . Because the u. S. Does innovation better than any other country. We are better at smaller faster lighter denture cheaper than any other country, and there really is no one in second place that is within a mile of where we a are. In other critical factors, demographics, geography, agriculture, finds can institutions that foster innovation and the availability of lowcost resources. And its clear the u. S. Could scarcely be in better positions. I will gladly stipulate, we have many, many problems. Structural unemployment worries me. Gridlock in washington disgusts me. We have excessive government debt, excessive regulus and, excessive medical cause. Where the Defense Department to spend more than 500 billion per year and has yet never passed a financial audit. We have many, many challenges. But when it comes to innovation, no of the country does it better and we can see that here in the United States from the oil patch to silicon valley. The u. S. Has less than 5 of the worlds population but has been home to nearly 40 of all the nobel prize winners. The u. S. Is a place where people want to start and own their own businesses. I live in austin, texas, and every year ago to the south by southwest interactive festival. And to me it represents the best of america. I went this march, there were more than 30,000 people there and they were all on the make and i thought it was great. They were all there promoting their new website, new business, new product. In the book i talk about a company where a guy is just wandering the halls, lester, a guy named matt and he was in a hoodie and jeans and carrying around a skateboard. What is this guy doing . He and some friends were graduates from stanford and the Credit Company that is an electric skateboard control vital electronic controller and handed. Had regenerative braking, batteries, a marvel of technology and they put a lot of components on a 3d printer. Out of nowhere they started their own company. Americans are entrepreneurial. They dont want to work for the man. They want to be the man. We have the entrepreneurs, the schools. Were blessed with favorable demographics and geography. Our schools incubate innovation more than any other country in the world, but along with all that we have cheap, abundant, Reliable Energy at the time when the rest of the world in general does not. European steel makers are now paying twice as much for electricity and four times as much for the natural gas as steel producers here in the United States. Foreign investors from egypt, pakistan, france, germany and members of the countries are investing billions in United States in order to take advantage of cheap energy that is available here. So let me draw this to a close by making what i think is a key point and i have to credit howard for the true. He said it is time for more antineil mallon business. I think hes exhausted his quota of hyphens but nevertheless we need more antineil melfi since. We have to reject the catastrophists and the d. Growth proponents. We have to reject this pessimistic view of the future. And this, make no mistake, isnt ideological and philosophical battle and a political battle. If we follow their prescriptions being put forward by the catastrophists and the degrowth people, we will end up creating the this utopia we keep hearing about. Paving the countryside with Wind Turbines and even worse, planting it with biofuels is the antithesis of environmental protection. We need density. Density is green. We should be seeking dense Power Sources because small footprints are the environmental ideal. We need Economic Growth because its the wealthy countries who can afford environmental protection. The poor countries in general cannot. We need optimism. We need an outlet that embraces humanism and technology. We need to get good at nuclear, and we are. We need to harness the incredible power of the adam and in doing so make that harnessing safer and cheaper, and we are. We need to make Energy Cheaper for everyone on this planet because lowcost energy is the foundation of modern society. We need technology and Economic Growth because they abroad and are bringing tens of names of people all over the world out of the dark and into the electric lit world of ideas, and freer, longer, healthier lives. I am as the late author ivins uses an optimistic to the point of idiocy. And that nearly idiotic optimism that i retain comes from the human desire for smaller faster lighter denture cheaper. Thank you. [applause] thank you. I should try to stop but i dont want to. [laughter] theres a microphone. If we have questions, comments, disagreements. Raise your hand and they will get to you shortly. Theres one. Thank you. What would you do about Energy Shortages and really backward, hed use the word backward but there are, places like in rural india, rural south america . All over the world people have a hard time putting two and two together, and they are not going to go for hightech solutions. I dont know if it even run lowtech solutions but their contributors of much of the worlds pollution. Thats a great question and iandin some of these rural areas Solar Energy Makes a great deal of sense that are far from the grid and even a small battery where you have a family and get a couple solar panels and a few led lights and a better. It changes their lives to allow the kids to read at night. It truly is a breakthrough technology. Im very hopeful for this proliferation of lowcost solar for places, particularly better off the grid. Island economies, et cetera. But being able to provide lowcost energy and clean Burning Energy is a critically important thing. Look at in the alone. A million women and children, mostly girls, are dying every year because of indoor air pollution from poor combustion systems and lowquality fuels. 1 million per year. What they need is hoping. Within it is butane butane. Even better natural gas and electricity. But allowing that to happen it requires, this is the problem. Union civil society. Unit people convinced when these electricity they will pay for it. For a lot of countries, the political operas want to just provide electricity as a way to get more votes and charging for it and even having the billing systems in place, all of those things, they require civil society, and its damn hard. If i ha had the magic bold i wod be out there doing it right now. I dont theres a question over here. Any strategy stomach people who are really over the top on things like wind power and nonworking Energy Policies to forgo their fantasies . Well, convincing people to use math and physics is a difficult proposition. You know, make no mistake. The lobby entities that are advocating for more solar and wind and the subsidies that go with them, and other alternative forms, they are very powerful and they have a powerful constituency in washington. The only way i know to fight them and the only way i know to counter some of the arguments that are put forward is to use math and physics, just go back to basic power density and do simple addition, simple addition, this is what you want to provide, heres how much land, how much it will cost. I dont know any other way to come at it except the truth, basic truth and basic math and physics. You talked about the poor people in india and africa and so forth. We have poor people in new york, california, et cetera. Unfortunately, a lot of people are not being sufficient it should so they might look at work at a place like manhattan institute. I wanted from the standpoint of cheap energy what prospects are for bringing manufacturing, expanding manufacturing in this country, bringing it back . What does this prospect safe for opportunity for people right now who are looking around and not having a lot of skills a not have much to do with [inaudible] well, first manufactured, its coming back. I mentioned the pakistanis and egyptians, two companies, one egyptian, one pakistani that are now building fertilizer plants spending over 1. 4 billion each building fertilizer plants, one in iowa and one in india. Basf, chief executive recently told i think the wall street journal that if they moved all of the chemical operations around the world to the u. S. They would save 700 billion a year in energy costs alone. France, the french, a french steelmaking company just finished building a new steel mill in youngstown, ohio. This Foreign Investment is coming to the u. S. Now is going to continue coming, even if Natural Gas Prices rise somewhat, because if they rise somewhat from your, its so dramatically cheaper than it was, then it is in western europe. Its a fourth of what is in japan. One of the reasons im so bullish on the u. S. Is this abundance of natural gas thats attracting more ethylene production, more petrochemicals, more steel, tires come in the. The value chain within the drilling industry itself is creating all kinds of new knock on effects in trucking, in rail, in hotels, in hospitality, you name it. It is a remarkable Economic Growth engine. I was at purdue last fall and an energy economist, he and his colleagues estimate the shale revelation which started here roughly six years ago is now adding three Percentage Points to u. S. Gdp. Roughly 500 billion a year to u. S. Gdp to imagine what the us economy would look like today without that. What the unemployment numbers would look like without that. Its a remarkable story and it wouldnt have happened anywhere else but here in the u. S. We are perfectly positioned to take advantage of shale. When i was in college in northern new england, the Nuclear Plant supplies about a third of our power. What do you think the future of Nuclear Power is technological technologically . Sure. My position on nuclear, even after fukushima and particularly after function, and have a chapter in the book were i say it seems a little odd to say it but after fukushima, the prospects for nuclear have never been better. In my view when it comes to the issue of Climate Change and nuclear its very simple. If youre and tested and antinuclear, you are prodarkness last night [laughter] if youre anticarbon dioxide and antinuclear you are in favor of blackouts. I am opposed to blackouts. I am for cold beer and airconditioning for everybody. But a nuclear is problematic, right now particularly in the u. S. Mainly because of cost. Look at georgia, theyre building two new reactors. They will cost about 6300 per installed kilowatt. You can build no utilities or electric generators can build natural gas fired capacity for about 1000 per kilowatt. If you can get a permit, maybe 3000 a kilowatt. So the problem in u. S. And around world continues to be for nuclear high cost. Safety, yes. Regulatory issues, yes. But we have of the blocks on the International Front that i think are also going to slow the deployment of nuclear. Longerterm im bullish. Why . Different technologies that are now available, small modular reactors, bill gates is investing in the company. Were seeing all kinds of new technology and new ventures being applied in the Nuclear Space and i think thats incredibly promising but make them stay its going to take a long time. Is this going to be a modular reactor built in the u. S. , a