vimarsana.com

[applause] it is exciting to be back at the History Museum with my good friend, mentor, colleague eric schmidt and my friend eric. Last time we were here we were talking about lehman and today we are talking about the age of the digital world. Its like you still work at google. [laughter] its a treat for me. I own my career to eric who hired me in the Silicon Valley and many people would end. Its worked out well for you. We talked about this a lot. Everyone needs mentors and sponsors and he continues to be that for me. I met jerry did when i first came to facebook and he is friends with our head of the product chris cox. He totally gets it. He runs around the world to get other people to get it and hes been a voice that has been super important to the industry and technology. So it is exciting to be here with all of you. You are both fairly busy. Its not even that obvious that you knew each other that well so lets start in the beginning. How did you meet and what possessed you to sit down and write this . My friend wanted to visit his son in iraq. So i went along with the troops to be sort of interesting and we show up in baghdad and i think we were the first people to show up on a commercial flight and got lost with the marines on the other side. Did they know what to do with you . [laughter] so i met jerry did and because it was an interesting visit i doctor was with us and we took videos and i remember playing the videos when i got home and all i heard was his voice talking. [laughter] is that it was the best thing to say . What i hear member we get to the airport and it normally when you arrive they are eager to get out of there. In his case they put a jacket on him and they are ready for him to go and what does he do . Before he leaves the airport he sits on the security detail and give us a history and its not because he is worried about the safety and security but its because he is a scientist that wants to understand the history and what stage in its history is moved from over there. Why doesnt it protect important parts of me . [laughter] since then we traveled to somewhere between 40 to 45 countries and when we first began the journey we had stability versus instability. The basic problem here is he doesnt like to go to normal places. He wants to go to north korea. There is one place i could convince him to come to which was somalia. Or the banks or institutions. We go to south sudan we get air there and at 98 of south sudan of the revenue comes from oil and the government in khartoum has basically cut off the pipeline. The leadership is in our and what did he choose to do spend their entire time handing out their devices and asking them if we can debug maps for them. You are listening to jerry did voice and this makes you want to write a book. He said that is interesting to me. At the foreignpolicy people dont understand technology and the Technology People dont understand the technology and i dont understand the policy so you would be shocked how miserable peoples lives are like. You take the Wonderful World around us for granted. This is a hard one for me to read. You write the book and this is the internet is among the few things human beings have ddelta they dont truly understand. I know i dont understand the internet but i felt very certain that you did. To be honest if you dont understand the internet im pretty sure that no one does and that is a little concerning. But what do you mean . Im constantly surprised. I understand something wild and wacky comes up. Things are boring and i kind of understand at all and that was the month at the time people are enormously creative and a surprising. They are not you utilitarian. And the internet is the first time we can hear all of them at once and i think it is for the next ten or 20 years we are going to see more surprises, good surprises than bad surprises. And all of us here in this room my god is that worth 16 billion . [laughter] just an example. The next sentence in the book is amazing the internet is the largest experiment involving anarchy and history. You are a student and scholar and practitioner of what is civil society. Why is this anarchy . The if you think about the definition of anarchy it was claimed in the early 20th century an around the idea that even every piece of territory on earth is or will be curved up into some sort of sovereign territory, the world isnt governed in the sense that there is no leadership and if you fastforward every attempt to the world haofthe world has mado create a Global Leadership body its basically been rendered ineffective which is one of the challenges of the institution then you look at the internet with 2. 4 billion people online today and another 5 million coming online think about the trouble the states are already having in dealing with this mass migration to the online world wd than you had another 5 billion people and the prospect of one replicating the physical world in cyberspace seems very difficult and event trolling the entire thing is a far more difficult experiment and the physical territory. We could agree on basic rules of the country so now we have to deal with the globalization of copyright into censorship, issues of free speech, morality and communications. What do we do when something bad is happening at the other thing since weve been on the book tour for a while maybe there are limits to what the internet can do. Maybe there are some problems you are willing to face such a bold statement. There might be limits. We describe it as the Worlds Largest ungoverned space and you think about the state power, military, economic power, etc. They dont really work in the online world. Talk about the failure. Of the treaty basically established the International System of the sovereign states. Its based on the idea that you could have different legal jurisdictions guarded by the physical boundaries. All of that begins to break down. Whats interesting is what it does to disrupt the balance. So one of the arguments that we make in the book is that the state will have their physical power which is based on traditional instruments that we discussed before that the states may be a firepower in the online world but its very weak so if you look at estonia and sweden beats our two countries that can go way above their weight in the world but is completely connected. After learning about the foreignpolicy suite because jerry had talks about and i have concluded that it hasnt changed a long time. You have these progressives and support and he explained all this to me. I thought in technology whats impacted new is the empowerment that smart phones and the internet is providing to citizens. Another thing that is new is the data permanence so the ability to essentially the public is generally known and cannot be put back in the box. We didnt have those problems before so that drives a lot of issues in a static world like foreignpolicy. You said a very bold thing which is the internet cannot fix everything. What are those things . As technologists we are big believers in the power of what technology can do and bringing it to more people. Your book focuses on what happens when another 5 billion people come on lin online comino google and facebook is focused on that and people in the audience, but thinking about the limitations is that something Silicon Valley does. What are those limitations . It is a shock that there are some limits if we could automate all of the customers for example. That was a joke by the way. I get in trouble. Where are the boundaries . When does the internet stop and just really bad stuff happened . I think the answer is when you have a civil war like in serious or possibly what is going on in ukraine and crimea which jerry and can talk about because he is an expert creosote it is clear to me and i want to go back to the technology optimist view of this we can fix education and the internet, entertainment and access to information and entertainment, he can fix the empowerment of women, we can fix corruption and so forth, but there is a threshold. We have been having this debate. How would you fix serious . Series and ukraine offer compelling examples of a god that exists in the techno optimism. You have 150,000 people that have been killed going to refugees flooding across the border, chemical weapons on at least three different occasions that we know of and yet there is no shortage of the videos coming out. Each of the videos is more horrific than the one that came before it. The government is setting up checkpoints to look at peoples phones to see what exists on the profiles. Talk about this. Share it was just a mysterious, another place i am not going. You shouldnt go for a variety of reasons but i saw friends of mine that i havent seen in nine years to provide some context they told me a story about how they are minding their own business one afternoon and all of a sudden their eyes start to water, they get dizzy and collapsed. Somebody came in from the other room to close the window. The chemical weapons had come in and affected them and it took them a full month and a half to find out what happened because of the information blackout. So theyve gone on to tell me a story about how in damascus and some of the big cities the government set up checkpoints where they ask you for your phone and then they ask you for your login information etc. And if they dont like what they see as is the case with my friends brother they signaled to somebody on top of the building and ordered him to shoot and that is what happens by friends brother was a shock because of something they found in his phone and what you are left with is the realization that would seriously needs is a humanitarian prevention but it also needs a cyber humanitarian intervention that we expect to dissidents to be Cyber Security conscious and aware of these things but the everyday series and who now has a phone and spends all day online trying to find out whats going on, they are in the crossfire into that is the largest number of people in this tragedy that dont understand the authentication or why they should use the browser. They dont understand all these Different Things and there is a question that as technologists we are geopolitically aware and need to try to address which is how do we make sure the average citizen is a secur secure onlinf they are not physically secure. We use the example of somalia and say a mention for the purpose of discussion that the government is better now, but imagine a government at all for a while. But imagine the industry that is 11 of the gdp and is the only profitable that business and everyone has a smartphone but there is nothing else. So at that point it becomes even more important. It becomes how you know where your friends are. They are around the corner. Its a safe route. We heard the story when we were in libya of the schoolgirls that used the maps to show where the bombing was and if you get them to school safely. So, think about the importance of a smartphone. Now imagine that you are running along in somalia and your phone is taken by somebody and now theyve got your contact list, your friends, they can impersonate you and so forth that these are very waited out issues. It is interesting to your point when you think back at the atrocity committed during the war and history there was the sense that people didnt know. Had we known, we would have intervened and the strike is that we know. If i could ask you when you were at the google one of the Amazing Things she did is she has the philanthropic and the social consciousness that others didnt and spent a lot of time talking about development, the development world, basically the problems of the third world. So, it seems to me that since you started back, things have gotten better and connected with the other issues have not been fixed. That is striking and to your point of the internet cant fix everything. So lets talk about the military. This is a big honor. She is the first woman that ever became a first part star general in the military and it is an honor to have her. [applause] and for becoming a friend of mine which is exciting. Talk about this in the military. So you show up in baghdad, they give you a jacket but it wasnt sufficient. You will come back and explain to us why the jackets are made of the way they are, but how did this affect the military . My Immediate Reaction was we are still fighting the war or the old way rather than the new way. All of the interventions seemed to involve trying to deal with the citizens to read whats the best thing you can do for the citizens . And power them. What is the best thing to know that terri can do, build wifi towers and reasonably protected fiberoptic network so they can learn whats going on and empower themselves and figure out the previous dictator was lying to them and get all of the facts and then develop whatever kind of society they are going to develop along with the economy and so forth. This is the last thing the military does come and not the first thing so the simple answer would be since almost all of the fighting seems to involve civilians that can be turned against us by evil people and so forth, jerry that talks about how the internet can change the perception of people if they are in a Religious School this is the only way. Theres no doubt. So one of the things the internet can do is empower individuals with the National Strength of society to come out. Why dont we build those networks . In iraq we came to learn Saddam Hussein hadnt allow people to use cell phones at all and so after he was essentially in hiding they started to have their first cell phones. We learned in burma when we were there that the cards were about 5,000 which is a fortune for anybody in myanmar and after we were there last summer they lowered the price from 5,000 to 5 then the phone system fell over capacity. If i could try them in on the military side we interviewed a group of navy seals that had been in the process of researching this book and we asked them what are the ideal technologies that you wish you could have in combat . They said we dont need a new technology. What we need is for the security to change to keep track of where our colleagues are. One of my friends told me that when you have to jump out of a plane they hate tablets attached that lasted an hour and a half because they are not able to use the Counter Technology in combat. That is one issue. The second is we talk about the militaryindustrial complex as it pertains to cybersecurity as an aspect of the military we have a challenge in the sense that cybersecurity isnt achieved without a agility and agility is compromised by the traditional ways the procurement cycles work. Third is if you think about the traditional military assistance, helicopters, tanks, various weapons when are we going to get to the point of providing the cyber assistance to the countries being attacked by the more powerful countries that are not just their visible. What should we do about the electronics . They try to do the Cyber Attacks against western targets. Is there a military strategy or Digital Strategy . I dont know but that needs to be in the conversation. In the civil war and interior on one side or the other. By the way a third of those are coming from europe and a third of those it is a global problem. Whats interesting and whats new but ive never seen before is the russians are sending the foreign fighters into serious except they arent coming to fight the war theyre sending Software Engineers to fight on behalf of the Electronic Army and sometimes they are sending them physically and sometimes fighting from in conjunction with iran. Lets move to the military economy. One of the things that happens in the technology and is so much progress had so much efficiency is a crisis for jobs all over the world particularly for the youth. You care to soak deeply not just about to google as a company that the impact on the world and youve done an amazing job there. And i think that all of us all want to have that. I know youve traveled in the developed world as well. How do you think about the Impact Technology has on jobs and particularly for the unemployed throughout europe and asia . It seems the problem is going to be the defining problem for the rest of our lives. Its interesting to talk about ukraine and syria. We lived and worked in this economic sweep and for the last decade or so theres been quite a displacement of the manufacturing jobs in the nation. It is well now documented that you need fewer people to build up a car with advances in the Artificial Intelligence many of which were done in this area the problem gets worse for the knowledge workers that have relatively repetitive jobs and they turn out to be a lot of such categories, so the corporations if you look in the United States are an example of substituting essentially the labor for capital they are investing ahead, and the people that win in this process tend to be the incumbents and the middleage and they tend to be the easily it. So if you model you have a significant problem because of the lack of jobs. Now, there are economists that the leave there will be jobs that we dont have a jobless problem, but its a transfer of middleclass hey jobs to service jobs. Think of this as the hoover driver a talented person working in the normal job and they are leadoff or something bad happens and as of now they have contingent employment in the service of job and they do the best they can. The most economic thought to say that jobs will be less predictable especially for young people and more contingent and so forth and theres a separate set of policy issues around about because in that situation you need some kind of a social safety net. We could have a debate on how to do that but you cant have people begging on the streets of america. In europe you have the problems that are effectively worse for the reasons that you can imagine a lack of jobs at competition and globalization and so forth. So, in talking this is something ive been working on for this year, theres a couple solutions and they are not good enough. And i would ask everyone here to help me think about how we are going to solve this problem because it is the problem for the next generation its our problem, too. First you have to fix education. We can be fatal to do that you have a more educated workforce because the jobs are being automated. We watch this happening. The next thing you have to do is a very similar speech and i note mark agrees with me on these things and the second thing is to focus on immigration not because we want to replace the current workers to but because immigrants tend to form companies and theres a lot of correlation with the sword of great outcomes. Another one is connectivity. To build a global brands. Brand. Then the fourth one that is messed if you have to create the environment where incumbents cannot block the new entrance so you have to have a place where the startups can nourish. Isnt it kind of obvious both are highly regulated and their regulators have gotten to know each other very well and the incumbents, the new ideas are not at the table so an awful lot of the regulations favor the incumbent or the structural incumbents. You have to fix that. This may not be sufficient but im sure the list i gave you. There is no doubt. One more thing. We are all obsessed with china and its a great job. Here you are in the budget we are the equal of the land having a conversation about china in 20 years. Then we look at the automation trends and realize a couple hundred Million Peoples jobs which are in these manufacturing site are going to be replaced by robots. What are you going to do . So there are also benefits to technology into some of them are personal and the first chapter im going to read one of my favorite passages. There will be no alarm clock at least not in the traditional sense. The aroma of coffee and light entering the room as curtains open automatically and by a gentle back massage administered by the hightech bed. [laughter] for the rest of us you are more likely to a wake refreshed because inside the match was to get a sensor that monitors your sleeping with him to determine them to determine does everyone have one of these . It is and to interrupt your cycle. Your department is an electronic orchestra and you are the conductor. The flick of the risk you can control the temperature, humidity, and music and lighting and you are able to go through the music while the freshly cleaned suit is retrieved from the closet because your calendar indicates an important meeting today etc. So i needed this. Raise your hand if you would enjoy the mattress with the monitors for your cycle and a back massage. [laughter] the only thing i need more than this is a self driving car. I feel quite confident they can do better than his driving. [laughter] certainly at the age of 16 but i would enjoy all of this. It seems like several products i will have to buy together. Our daughter actually invented that scenario. I think its going to happen. When you go through the analysis every component that is in that description is available in some form today. You cant have a cycle that wakes you up and the book goes on to describe the wall that says do i need to get up and it says no, you dont. The reason again is with your permission its figured out that you your boss is sleeping in. No one is going to call you. Will you use the service . All the years i worked for you someone could have told me when you are going to be late but i could have had an extra half an hour of sleep. How realistic are some of these changes . Certainly the timing and so forth are real. The next generation of computer technology, and i happy to say that i think facebook is working on similar areas in the search are about going from sort of the searching and questioning kind of model to a model that is much more suggesting surfacing ideas telling you things. Google is experimenting with google now where you have all of these cards and this is relatively straightforward things like how long itll take you to get to work, how is the traffic doing. I was in a meeting and it beeps and said you need to go have a meeting in the city. Another example, take a look at the company which is a crowd of source population about traffic to give you optimal traffic routes. Example after example of human intelligence crowd source applied it to some sort of physical map or infrastructure that helps take your life bett better. It will seem pretty straightforward in one form or another. This affects not only our sleep patterns and being on time which begins out on some. Thank you for painting a picture for me. But one month to go . A little more than a month you will become a father and in about you both say parents have the privacy and security talk even before the sex talk with their kids. You have obviously been a longterm father and this is further in your path. He needs to learn a little bit more about being a parent. Hes already figured out whats going to happen when she is ten, 12, 14. He hasnt figured out who runs the household but the question is argued that kind of parent where you want your baby to sort of really stand out. In the book we say you need to give your child a unique name so he wer where she shows up firstd the search results. [laughter] if you are one of these people trying to get along and so forth you give a sort of generic name. So i asked jerry which child are you going to have and you know its going to be a standout daughter. [laughter] when i floated that idea i slept on the couch that night. But why dont you like my name . It is a dealbreaker name. [laughter] its hard to understand if it is brumhilda. Can anyone spell that . Ive been working with jareds wife on this. She isnt coming around. Shes being nice. What we get lets make it a mors credit to this which is one of the things we are going to do is create an email address for our daughter once we figure out what we are going to name her and we will have her on all of the photos we send out to families. She will have 10,000 unanswered emails. [laughter] she is ambitious and she will catch up. So there is a sort of interesting more serious aspect of this. Brumhilda co. In at gmail. Com. I dont want on the supervised parties in the new apartment, so when our daughter is old enough im going to make her and their friends and over their devices. He told me that i would be like the losing father. But there is a serious aspect which is weve traveled all over the world together and made it a point to talk to parents from saudi arabia. The states are quite high. Its more than your child posting the things that might hurt their chances of getting a job and if they stand out as an interesting example you talk to the parents and the nightmare scenario is their daughter is 10yearsold and is chatting with someone of the opposite sex saying things she shouldnt say that because it isnt an issue question they ask is what happens when the things she says follow her around like a digital Scarlet Letter until somebody chooses to take it out of context when shes 25. We talk about things in the physical world. There is a concern in the permanent the reputational damage that could be caused by things taken out of context might be the virtual version. I dont think it exists tod today. Its become so important. People will obsess about these and a more serious example jerry jared likes to say the maturity never quite catches, it never matches the physical maturity which is never quite as good as a mature adult and teenager. We all understand this so imagine its all written out there and it now looking for the job all that stuff is out there. Does that seem right to you . In the system for hundreds of years its been true that if you are a juvenile below 18 and commit a crime in some bounds you can actually go before an appropriate sentence and so forth and have the record to be removed from the court and say you were never convicted of a crime and it is impossible today giving the online world. The last question that i will ask is on women. Obviously something im passionate about and unsurprisingly the benefits of technology do not equally ocher so much as the benefit of leadership so they are nearly 25 more likely to be online. Part is the capital men have to buy technology and the investments we make in education. They are much more likely to be a literate to cause the society put their plays and put their boys in school and not their girls. You have an additional 600 million women in the next six years which is not out of hand and should be possible that isnt going to happen at the same rate of man he would increase gdp in 144 countries which are the poorest of the country by 14 to 18 million area so we know that investments pay off for our economy and pay off at a higher rate for the wellbeing of children and their own education. So its a very good cycle that we are caught in the non Virtuous Cycle including in technology. How do you think this change is, how do we make sure people understand that this technology has to be in the hands of women and men sex one of the things secretary clinton used to say is do we talk about the womens issues she would remind us more than 60 of the worlds population are women so whether you are talking about nonproliferation, counterterrorism, civic activism you could talk about any issue in the entire world by virtue of the women and the majority of people to me but i would say is you can make your statement in a way thats Even Stronger in the sense that the numbers dont account for so ive put a time in the autocratic countries and religiously restricted societies either by law or norm norma has helped win him back and there is an observation i made and many friends have made when the women in the middle east gets a chance to go to school they outperformed the man exponentially. Whats interesting a friend of mine told me Something Interesting that may or may not be true the problem that we have right now is we need more in power meant but now that they are all going to school 80 of the men work in the government which means they go to shopping malls and play video games all days fast forward and youre going to be talking about the end empowerment. You started talking about micro lending and it turns out that success in the developing world was micro lending and people that managed to where the men and women and that is my simplification of the description that was given and i think that is probably true with phones and connectivity as well. Its not too hard to see if we get inexpensive phones and the low price on an Android Phone is about 100 the prices are falling more or less so you could imagine 70, 50 in three to five years which are price points people can use their smart phones and imagine it is loaded with information about literacy and culture and in a small number of years to solve the educational problem into their Early Childhood education problem there is a lot with respect to the childhood iq and involvement of parents and so forth. You can talk about taking care of their kids when they are young and all of that and you could have a huge change like hundreds of millions of people that are end and powered. I cant imagine in saudi arabia they are communicating. They are incredibly intelligent. The best professors we visited one of these universities. At some point they just have to give up. It is interesting that there is a story that i cant resist when we were in pakistan we met a group that had been attacked. Some people talk about it in afghanistan but not as much as pakistan. We went to visit these women and through no fault of their own the physical scars carry a stigma but doesnt let them work and allow them to walk on the streets without being ridiculed etc. So we ask the asked them hy are able to be so optimistic and they all lived i in this house together and they are training in the various skills and one woman said to us she loved the internet because online her scars are invisibles of its given a Second Chance at life. She then met a man online she started chatting with who she met in real life and now they are. You think the internet doesnt matter i cant think of more women that are disenfranchised and beat him down than victims in pakistan and you look at how the internet has allowed them to enjoy the life and its benefits. We are going to take audience questions. How will the issues related to the Net Neutrality affect access to bandwidth what are some solutions . Boast are still near monopoly providers and youre not going to get really good Internet Access until you have competition. In africa below average connection costs more than it does in the United States but you can imagine how foolish that is. If you divide that by the percentage of gdp. The bigger problem we can solve the problem because of the Consumer Products but an even bigger problem is going to be getting the reasonable quality of bandwidth and getting the networks upgraded. In the u. S. A lot of people have been studying how do we do this we do not have laws that apply to the internet to the combination of public pressure so the internet isnt used to favor a particular content but ultimately the answer remains the same, competition. If you only have one provider of something and you dont have another choice that would be an example of not having enough competition. Can you comment on Digital Currency and the effect on end power in the people . He was just about to buy so some. If one bank that holds dollars goes out of business its the one bank. Its called the federal reserve. But nonetheless, half a million of the claims are gone this weekend is to rightclick 6 . There are a few ways to look at this. We typically make bitcoins synonymous with crypto currency. The question you have to ask is the crypto currency here to stay and the answer is yes thats left the building. The second question is how long will the unregulated currency asked. She worked in the treasury and is the expert. When is the u. S. Going to step in and regulate this . There was a good article i dont know who wrote it but today he explained bitcoins and said its firstquarter over them. I have an apple. I give you the apple and you give me for whatever. Now i have the apple and i dont need a regulator. This was written last week. The plain people have made is this is secure because the crowd sourcing aspect. I think you studied it when you were in harvard that depression. The typical answer of bitcoins is that bitcoins is a remarkable crypto graphic achievement and the ability to create something which is not duplicate is very hard but incredibly useful for many computer applications. Without commenting whether the bitcoins will be regulated because you are the experts, not me, the bitcoins architecture, the ability of having these pledgers is an amazing advance. One of the other problems people dont talk as much about art digital wallets and how secure the currency itself is but if the wallets themselves that are supporting the system are not secure it is a different problem. If they try to crypto currency when they shut it down because all the digital wallets were getting hacked. Then they are missing half of the challenge. I was shocked at the number of attacks they faced. Its important to remember when you have economic systems is an awful lot of people trying to break into them and that is granted a permanent. How do you see Human Interaction involving a world that is increasingly automated . The more distant we are and this is something you wrote about in your book there are two worlds, the Virtual World we experience some kind of connectivity and physical world we have to contend with geography and good and bad side of human behavior. I think what you said in the question gets asked how do you see one in packing the other . Ii am working on turning off my phone during dinner. Its a difficult the minutes before i can turn it back on. When we were disconnected after five minutes of not having the devices i saw his some starting to twitch. The good news is altogether you have built this amazing interactive world that humans are the same. There are stories of people that have become addicted so its important to learn where the off button is. I am working on dinner and the deeper part of the question is what is it doing as we interact. People say while i dont have friends and i say you have hundreds of friends. You interact in different ways. The impact is interesting. More people come to know it more than in the physical world. Especially with my daughter. Ive made a decision theyve decided its not okay to post sonograms before birth. He will hold it up saying can i post this picture of you lacks parenting is quite different than you think it will be. Theres Nothing Better than talking to people that dont have kids yet. His response was resisted the urge to think that your the first person on earth to ever have a child. [laughter] i forget where i was going with this. On the identity because we will be better known online band people interact in the physical world. What it means is the implication of what we do online are of greater consequence in determining our identity. You start off and have complete control over your identity and as you age the percentage decreases so by the time your daughter gets to the year 2100, so here 90, think about the percentage and so forth description of where she was, what she did compared to who she is. Its what others say and post about us. So we are one unit and an entourage of people shaping who we are. It brings up another thing we are all working on which is how do we think about the responsibility for privacy and security and for google and facebook and everything we do and the increasing american elements. We are in a system and you know this better than anyone in countries are increasingly having the data localization for what has been a good global system for the bifurcation of the control of the data and the ideas in the book about virtual statehood. How do you think about all of these connect to the responsibility. In the paperback comes out tomorrow the state very clearly 12 on amazon and free shipping. Multiple times that. I need you to carry that around. You heard it here first. There is even a robotic hand. That is the cover that was done. One is virtual. The revelations did a number on the relations with a bunch of countries. They have lots of time dealing with the consequences and the perception of american activities and so forth. This is a good example of what would happen. No one quite knows how to solve the problem and would be in favor of having the data localization within germany which sounds like it great political thing but one that isnt workable and these are ideas for the german citizens. We are facing similar issues for the companies so i dont think we figured out all the consequences of that privacy cents and facebook has been through the same travails you have to say to the citizens we will keep your Information Private but you have a responsibility for how you want to disclose. You cannot just assume its the old model. I didnt plant this question but theres a lot in the press about the lack of the women in Computer Science. And the numbers that you are well aware of is that in the 1980s when men were getting 35 to 37 of the degrees and we are down to 13. If you leave this is important and that the wage gap matters and the Technology Jobs are important and better paid you have to worry about a quality end of the wage gap increasing. There is a lot to worry about. Google very much to erics credit as the forerunner of this even when i joined not that many people were there in a very focused on Computer Science and recruiting but its for all of us because if you dropped 13 its hard to get women. How do you think about this for google and how do you think about this in terms of how we encourage more women all over the world . You can understand of the womens the lack of women and thibecause society is an escalar problem. Its sort of an escalator that women follow. Theres evidence when they get off the escalator at various points that are established we need to address them. This is a Real National crisis for america. And there are plenty of fields where they have figured this out. Classic example in biology where the majority of scientists are now women so it is possible to do this. Many sort of older white guys like me have talked about this and we have not come up with a better set of ideas than empowerment, training and meeting the stuff cool. There is a problem as you know with a teenage years you write about this in your book and i think that we have to come up with a consensus of how we are going to guide this. Even in our own area i sent my son to computer camp and a lot of people do it. So you dont know this yet. You are pretty much deciding so it is the appearance decision 35 kids, five girls. Of the five girls i put three in myself because it was my niece and her two friends. Anyone that thinks this is about to get better needs to look at that. That. Tech camp is coming out this summer and they have programs just for girls to try to encourage but its a stereotype problem and i think the impact, the impact on the future how are you going to think about this for your daughter . The again i am an expert [inaudible] [laughter] my view on this again not being an expert is start early and you hear about things like goldilocks and others they are working to find how are there ways to create opportunities for younger girls to get inspired about engineering camp as another example but theres not enough examples of this and you cant wait until your child gets to college and is deciding if you dont start earlier than you lose that investment. There may be a solution not through our good work but simply as the engine stuff gets better and you accept the stereotypes of more men in the engine room the opportunity is that the platform layer for the kind of things that appears when men care a lot about to build massive new companies that are clearly going to be there. So it is possible we will solve the problem by moving up the stack. When i started there were no women in computing at all but nothing was visual. There was no interaction. It was very nerdy speaking as a local nerd. And iand at the google for exame have large swaths of activities where a whole bunch of women are working on it and very good at it and i think thats where the growth is going to be. Im very worried about the 13 but i also heartened by the fact in america we are producing very analytical skilled women and other fields so maybe we can attract them to work on these problems. One of the things facebook has done is weve taken women with other technical skills. So, going towards the end of our time here looking towards the future, one of google ideas goals which you are now a part of working with eric on is to end censorship. You said by 2024, which seems like a specific date come out we are going to end censorship. How did you pick 2024 and whats happening here because that is obviously something that is a big and bold aspiration. Anyone that is successful in this, the government quickly shuts it down, and the second has to do with trust which is you dont know the origin of a particular proxy or tool. So what we decided to do is, you know, leverage the smart engineers we have at the company, but also outside the company to figure out are there tools we can build that are will help address, you know, two critical problems; one, content being taken offline, and the second is the filtering challenge of repressive regimes censoring the internet from its population, and well well underway in were well underway in terms of building some of these products. Its fair to say that the life of autocratic dictators is going to get a lot worse because of the empowerment. Its been great, but its going downhill. Good gig while you had it. Thats right. And, again, it goes back to whats new. Weve always had problems, geopolitical problems, narcissism, crazy leaders, despots, etc. The empowerment of the individual is a new problem for them. They cant shut the internet down completely. The you do that, the middle class if you do that, the middle class picks the other side. So you have to work with the internet which means your citizens are going to get empowered. Classic example is china. China, as you know, has banned us in one form or another for and likely to do for a very long time. So there are new services in china, so wechat is an example of a link chain where you do a series of messages to a private group, but it can be very large. And by the way, you can do ecommerce with this and pictures and so forth, and its heavily censored. So what happens when you have a clever idea and every person in this room thinks its such a clever idea, and you begin to send it to all of your friends and ten Million People think this is a great idea . Theres not enough prison, police, enough to hold that back. So even in a repressive regime youve got to fear the results of empowering your citizens who discover that youre doing a bad job. We have time for one last question. I want to ask both of you and, jared, we can start with you and then let eric end. What are you most pessimistic about the future, and what makes you most optimistic . What is the one thing that youre most pessimistic about the in terms of the future, and what is the one thing where youre most optimistic. Id say the thing im most pessimistic about touches on something we spoke about before which is theres a number of challenges wed like to think that technology is a Silver Bullet answer for the worlds problems, but theres still mass killing, still huge portions of the world living in abject poverty, and i wish that technology could instantly solve those challenges. And the reality is more connectivity betters everybodys lives, but it doesnt do, it doesnt solve the problems of socioeconomic divides, right . There are limits. And so im, you know, i dont know if thats maybe creating some of those. In some respects, concluded exacerbate the concluded exacerbate the problem. The thing im most excited about, were going to experience the most individuallyempowered global citizenry the world has ever known. Even a place like china, in china, right, the worlds most repressive society, youre going to have a billion people come online in one decade, many one country. It will happen one time, and it will never happen again. Imagine how that ability to know whats happening in the cities, to have access to the worlds information, to, you know, have the opportunity to make choices and decisions. Its game changing. Now, theres challenges, as we talk about in the book, but this notion that a citizen is going to be more empowered with choices and options than at any other time in history has to be a huge benefit for the world. Eric . Pessimistic and optimistic. When jared and i started the book, we didnt know quite how we would view sort of the future for the developing world as well as the developed world. And i can say that having worked on this for now three years, were very optimistic about the overall benefits of this technology, but especially for the developing world as well as the developed world in the scenarios you quoted. There are two areas that im worried about. The first is the question of and ill pitch them as races its a race between the good guys and the bad guys. In a situation where the technology can be militarized and used to really hurt people, the technology can allow for scale and damage. Right in and already a number of possible scenarios there. And i worry about that. I worry that thats a race and that we dont fully understand some of the plot forms and implications of things we might be doing that might empower evil people. And weve got to think about that. Weve got a moral respondent aztecnologists to think about it. The second one is the jobs question, and there the race is the race between computers and humans. By the way, im clearly on the human side on this. [laughter] the humans have to to win, right . [laughter] the humans have to win. Thats right. I mean, theres like five or six human hands here. [laughter] to just one. The ratio is very good. The humans have to win. And the reason the humans have to win is the things that are uniquely human, judgment, creativity and so forth, have to shine while many of these infrastructures are getting built. And the Human Systems to deal with human failings, governments and so forth have to be updated. And i worry that its not happening fast enough. So in the first case, i worry we dont understand who were empowering, and the second one i think we understand the problem, but were still arguing the last decades problems rather than arguing how were going to politically and culturally solve the future problems. Well, please everyone join me in thanking these two Brilliant Minds and writers. [applause] thank you, sheryl. [applause] sheryl, thank you so much. Eric, jared, thank you so much. Im going to give you a chance to make your way off and just say a couple of words in closing. By the way, can we Say Something nice about the History Museum . Please. [laughter] this has been the best venue. Sheryl and i in various formats jared, this is new for you its such a great institution. Support it, come to it. Its legacy will last far longer than any of us. Thank you for doing such a good job. Thank you so much. Youre such a good friend. I appreciate that. Thank you. Its a pleasure to have you here. [applause] thank you so much, that was wonderful. Eric and jared have been interi viewed and will continue to be interviewed about book in many settings, but i think we had a great moderator in several sandberg today Sheryl Sandberg today, so i hope you enjoyed that. [applause] as sheryl mentioned, the book goes on sale in paperback tomorrow. Theres a new afterword, so theres a completely different take as you continue to think about these issues. I hope youll take advantage of that. Come see bob bowman tomorrow night and stay in touch with us on our web site for future programs. Thanks, everybody, and have great day. [applause] [inaudible conversations] is there a Nonfiction Author or book youd like to see featured on booktv . Send us an email at booktv its cspan booktv cspan. Org or tweet us at twitter. Com booktv. A suburb of islamabad where Benazir Bhutto had been

© 2025 Vimarsana

vimarsana.com © 2020. All Rights Reserved.