And dont say a word until you know who you are talking to. I wont say much tonight because i dont know you that well but i know you have an interest in the topic of the day extraordinarily important to all of us and i want to encourage all of you to pick up this book that we are introducing him. Ive traveled as i said all over the United States many times. But theres one state in particular that you just cant get past. Its always stood out. Its way down south but among all the states those are the friendliest people in the whole country. There is no getting around even when it even when i was a student at Duke University we would go to South Carolina to buy fireworks and they were always friendly to us. That might have changed nowadays but the important part is the people. The people were always hospitable and each which way. You couldnt imagine more friendly people even those of the opposite political persuasion. They would hope they could change your mind that in but in our family of her mind was made up mostly because the president on the corner over there is the one that persuaded the nixons way back to change from democrat to republican and my dad never could get it out of his system so weve always been republicans in name at least and the rest of it comes naturally. As a followup in the northern part of South Carolina that introduced me to a whole spectrum of people who travel in from greenville all the way through columbia and down through the coast up to the places we visited when we were at duke the whole state is an amazing amount of of thinking people. They are willing to argue with you but they are also willing to listen which was important in our family. Im just amazed when i see them showing up tonight. We have our authors family, his wife, their three children jackson trey and camille. But you will notice that we also enjoy those double names. They like to names for any given name. In our family that wasnt so. Julie and tricia were just julie and tricia. And since we got to this point of meeting somebody in other parts of the south, i discovered a very important person who my friends, life personal assistant in the 72 campaign and her husband. And those folks just gather you in and you have to do this and that and you have to get acquainted with them. So i almost became a politician by meeting them but they did introduce me to this fellow can i tell you he has hosted me every time i go to South Carolina driving across the state in his fancy jaguar. I dont know if he still has one of those but it was a beautiful ride. Anyway, i want you to know that he is one of my closest friends and i watched him on television every chance i get and you want to get accustomed to doing that ourselves. Hes a very important thinker and he thinks before he speaks and when he does say something, pay attention. Its extremely important. What hes done tonight coming out with this book is extremely important for everybody in the country to read. Everybody else in the world ought to read it too to cause we have to wake up. Its too important to ignore anymore. Please come up and tell us about what your ideas are. [applause] thank you and i think we ought to get you back down to South Carolina. I know they great store i want to take you to. When you talk about hospitality i want to thank the Nixon Library and the staff here for the tremendous hospitality that youve shown me here tonight and all that went into doing this book launch. And my dear friend i appreciate you being here. I think its appropriate and let me also thank everyone for being here we have friends and family. A few years after 9 11 i was asleep one night and left the tv on and all of a sudden they were showing the last interview of president nixon before he passed away and one of the last questions was mr. President as we approach the 21st century, what should americans be most concerned with . President nixon didnt bat an eye. He said the rise of islamic fanaticism. I got a chill up my spine but i shouldnt have been surprised because president s nixon and one of his last books seized the moment and wrote, and i quote when he was talking about islamist fundamentalists they are motivated by a consuming hatred of the west and a determination to restore the superiority of islamic civilization by resuscitating the past. They seek to impose the sharia court of law that recognizes no separation of church and state. And i could go on and on. Richard nixon was one of the best foreignpolicy president s the country ever had and he was a visionary. [applause] the launch of this book of the new terror is characters on how to fight it and defeat it is being held at the Nixon Library here tonight. Why a book about this . Those of you that know me, i wrote a lot of articles and and tv appearances about iran and north korea and the link between the two countries on the missile technology, the nuclear programs. A good friend of mine worked in the Reagan Administration and said a lot of books on north korea and iran. What we need and what you can do is a book about the totality of the threats to america and what its going to take to keep america safe so that the project ive been working on the last several years and thats why im here tonight. One of the things youre dealing with in terrorism and this fire that we live in today, you can never take anything for granted. You cant expect the expected. The story is told through back in 1948 was favored in all of the polls to defeat thenpresident harry truman. On election day with the latest poll predicting the win by a landslide proportions he went to his wife and gave her a blank check and said i want you to go out today and buy the most expensive lingerie laundry that money can buy because tonight you are going to bed with the president of the United States. [laughter] and the polls closed in the early returns came in and it didnt look good for tom dewey and it only got worse. While by about midnight it was obvious that he had won the election so he goes up to his hotel suite in there with all of her beautiful lingerie was his wife and said am i staying here or going over there . [laughter] you can never expect the expected and dont take anything for granted. Make no mistake the threat of radical islam is the challenge of our time. We are not going to solve it by giving these people a job. It was a graduate of the London School of economics. Bin laden came from a very prominent family and in the book what i do and what i want to talk about tonight i think its important that we understand the history of radical islam, what motivates the islamists and then look at the threats to the country from cyber things we need to do to secure our border and how can we do this to keep america safe and also in such a way that we dont go broke in the process doing it. Its important to understand the history behind and what motivates the radical islamists. Since the 15th century the scholars have wanted to return to the good old days and the caliphate. Their belief, the islamic nation but spread its influence in the entire world infidels with comfort the comfort and live as secondclass persons or be eliminated. They declined and ceased to exist in 1258. Isiss is declared a caliphate over one third of roughly a series and iraq. And they are big on dates. September 111683 the turks were defeated at the gates of vienna. Thats what they are trying to do. That was a humiliating defeat almost as much as the 1492 spanish when they drove them out. The presentday situation, what do we do . I think with King Abdullah, the recent events present a unique opportunity for the United States. We now have the moderate arab countries willing to take the fight to radical islam. King hussein knew what he was doing two or three days before he died when he named abdullah to crown prince. He had been the commander of the special forces of jordan, he had the support of the jordanian military. His wife was palestinian and thats important to realize because 70 of the population of jordan are palestinians. He was the one who could hold it together. I first met King Abdullah almost 20 years ago when he commanded the special forces. And later on i was invited to go to the palace. When you go to the palace before you see him there was a family tree on the wall hanging up that begins with the prophet prophet mohammed and goes all the way to king hussein and they are very proud of that. It was put together in research by a british colonel in the 1930s and i remember sitting there looking at this i looked up and i saw one of his kids into the wind came straight down. Saw another line here if you go to generation or two and see the relatives and so forth and i made the comment it looks like this one has more of the prophet mohammeds blood to which they said you mustnt say these things in the palace. I took it pretty quickly. But with him stepping up to the plate with the pressure he beat out the president of egypt we have the moderate countries stepping up to the plate and who better on behalf of the moderate reform muslims to take the fight to radical islam. To borrow the line from president nixons book, this is the opportunity to seize the moment for the United States and show real leadership. The fbi director testified just a couple of weeks ago that in 49 of the 50 states in the United States right now there are active investigations of people with connections to isis open cases. We have to delegitimize them so that they do not reconstitute themselves. He was a great friend of mine it was probably the best army that we had when it came to psychological operations. The vendor became the time when there was a humanitarian Christian Organization out of Seattle Washington that actually when the pakistan earthquake occurred back in 2005 they wanted to get the supplies. I called up centcom and he said we will get it over here. The problem was two days later they called me up and said youre coming over here with them arent you and i said i was trying to get the airlift and they said im not going to give you the airlift i want to see you over here putting up those tense, so we did and it was a great experience for me. I will never forget one day we were going to a pretty bad area of pakistan to get their and as we made the turn in the village all of a sudden the van i was and we couldnt go any further so about 100 people surrounding the van with signs and tens and it didnt look like a good situation. We have a guard with us is that it lets me see whats going on and he did. He got out and he got back and. He said they are doing demonstrations to thank america for what they are doing for them. I will never forget he was a big fan of the network that our state department has to compete against some of the middle east networks but spew antiamerican than him 20 for 7. We need to do more to support this network which features a lot of young people in that part of the world exposing them to the western values and ideals. Another thing was interesting. General davidson was a big fan of a guy named lloyd austin. He said watch out for lloyd austin, he gets it. General austin is the commander of centcom today. In 2010 we had about 90 of isiss predecessor organizations capabilities wiped out. General austin wanted to leave a small residual force to be ridges rule for stomach sure to didnt reconstitute. The president didnt listen to general austin and now we have a much bigger problem on our hands. The 9 11 Commission Said that 9 11 was a failure of imagination. We keep fighting the last war. We keep responding to the last terrorist attack. We have to get ahead of the curve. Isis is a cancer that is spreading. At the cia estimates that isis has 31 or 32,000 troops. When you talk to the kurdish pittsburgh a whos been fighting them and others is as high as 200,000. It is a cancer that is spreading. You have to think outside the box. In my book i talk about the country of niger that is one of the Worlds Largest uranium reserves. What can uranium be used for . To make nuclear weapons. And i talk about the need to work with france because they got their independence in 1960, the need to work with the french to get those uranium reserves and deposits. Thats in the book. Two weeks ago guess what happened . The perfect or indirect affiliate of al qaeda in a terrorist organization its terrorist organization that is trying to mimic and copy isys tactics began border attacks. We have to think outside of the box and get ahead of this. What i would like to do is talk about some of these threats and things we can do and then also talk about how we do it in such a way that we dont go broke in the process. Border security is so important. [applause] the fbi director said in 2011 to 59,000 people were apprehended coming to the United States from countries other than mexico. They included yemen, somalia hawaii, and i could go on and on. 59000 apprehended. My question is where are the ones we did not pretend . Where are they today and what are they doing in america . Thats why Border Security is so important and there are things we can do to improve Border Security. The Department Inspector general several years ago looked at the center of technology they had to detect people coming across as well as that of substances such as radioactive substances to come across. They found that 96 false alarms. The United States military has a great sense of technology with unintended ground to central central programs, Congress President they need to direct the pentagon to words the customs and Border Patrol and get that kind of technology in the hands of the customs and Border Patrol so that we can have a better capability. There is also Great Technology thats been developed by the oil and gas industry. That can go a long way to come by and pick up some of these and about titles are increasing in frequency. We saw precisely the situation with france and of the european radical muslims get mad because they are doing a cartoon of mohammed. Do you remember a few years ago the danish cartoonist who called for the assassination of actually there was an e. Mom who called for his assassination who had been banned from france and had been banned from canada and called for the assassination of the danish cartoonist . We called him and you know where they caught him in the back of the trunk of a bmw coming across the mexican border. Border security is so important to this country. We have to know who is coming in here. Another thing i think that we can approve a lot is port and harbor security. Several years ago a report on television where i think it was British Intelligence had reported that they had indications that al qaeda had gotten underwater devices from the north koreans. What would you be doing with underwater devices . Remember with these folks it is all but inflicting harm on our economy. There are 250,000 minds out there right now. I talked in doing research on the book i talked to a friend of mine that commanded the minesweepers and i was shocked to see we dont have much of a mine measure capability on the east coast of the United States or the gulf of mexico. We addressed that in the book and also talk about the need to use these underwater Autonomous Vehicles kind of like an underwater uav if you will to do periodic tests and routes of the sea beds in the ports and harbors to look at the underwater ieds. Cybersecurity. It is the fifth dimension of warfare. We have air, water, now we have cyber. Unlike the other dimensions is efficient and i will tell you tonight, the United States is the most unprepared than any threat facing this country. Its almost like a death by a thousand hacks if you will. The total that this is taking right now on the Financial Institutions of america, the increasing attacks on wall street and the Financial Institutions is getting out of hand. And in the book i distinguish between the different types of psychic attacks the chinese usually it is part of espionage. They want to steal your ip. The islamists, uranium is about sabotage. They want to take your systems down. So how we deal with the different types of Cyber Attacks depends on who is doing the attacking to deal with the threat. The russians, the chinese love to do it through a proxy, someone out. 90 of the chinese hacks we can trace to two groups one is called the group from beijing and the other from shanghai. And to put me tell you strong ties to the Chinese Military to the Chinese Government says they have no connection with these two organizations. I say great. Youve got no connection and we are kind to take you at your word and declare both of these organizations have cyber terrorist and go after them since you have nothing to do with them. And let me tell you that will get their attention. And we have to fight what i call a preventive war instead of preemptive. The International Rules and laws of the preemptive war basically would say that you can preempt an attack only when you have reached the point of deliberation where there is nothing else to you could do. Theyve already gone in and wiped out and shut down banks. And if we think that the almost financial collapse in this country was bad in 2008 i believe that a cyber attack is one of the most vulnerable that we have to deal with. The iranians we have to be strong and say if you do this we are going to cut your optical cables and we are going to mess with the transponders on the the satellites and you are no longer going to have the internet. These are the kind of things i think we have to do. One of the top Cyber Security experts weve had in this country at the cia and nsa says America Needs between 20 to 30000 Cyber Security experts to deal with the most dangerous spider attacks in this country. Weve only got a thousand. We have to have a Recruitment Campaign in this country. And one thing i call for our National Security scholarships for young people who are excelling in cybersecurity and Computer Science in college as a way to get what we need. Today they asked about the electromagnetic pulse threats to this country. Its a very real threat. They may have the last pulse that was pointed out by the strategy. But in the countryside north korea they know they cant into conventional military campaign the thing about the electromagnetic pulse that would attain a High Altitude of the device and basically take out the grid. They had electromagnetic pulse established by congress and they said after one year we would lose a substantial amount of population in the United States. Farmers cant grow enough food today without enough electricity for the population. How do you do your Financial Transactions . How do you refrigerate food . And for people who dont think that electromagnetic pulse is much of a possibility, look what nasa says not far from here in pasadena california they say that it is inevitable in the next ten to 100 years we will have another Event Committee geomagnetic storm on the sun which would take down the grid. There are ways we can deal with this is to shield act to make sure we have enough transformers and so forth and storage to act as lightning rods and is even something called a recovery transformer now more portable. Bottom line there is a way to be prepared so that we can get the grid back up in the event of an emergency. One of the things i talk about in the book in aviation security, like i said we are always responding to the last threat. One of the biggest concerns i have today as far as securing the skies or were with these portable Defense Systems remember those that we had in afghanistan years ago 300 to 600 missiles that we cant account for today and in addition the state Department Says that between 1966 and today there were 1 million manmade systems. Most of them they can account. But there there are several thousand today they cannot account for the bbb bar in terrorist hands. We need to have these mechanisms on our civilian aircraft. One aircraft goes down the direct cost to the economy 1 billion in the direct cost estimated at 15 billion. Weve got to have this technology. One of the great tools that we need to use i firmly believe how we do intelligence is an open source intelligence. What is that . Open source means just about what you get on the internet or in the paper, tv. There are 10,600 tv stations in the world. 10,600 stations. So much for open source stuff out there that we are not taking full advantage of. Before 9 11 there was the commission to look at National Security issues and they said 90 of the good intelligence that we need comes from the open source but the Intelligence Community pays the least amount of attention to it. The former rector of the Intelligence Agency of this country said the same thing. We need a situation in the committee where we have more Sherlock Holmes and less james bond than the 90 of the stuff that we need we are not really going out there to get it and its that 10 in the clandestine stuff thats the james bond stuff. Well i talked about this in the book. I went to a university. When you go to google they only give you the most popular search i went and got a university that had to Search EnginesSearch Engines and other languages and guess what we found in farsi in 2012 . We found that iranians were on the ground helping with a missile test and it hasnt been reported anywhere in the United States. Also in japanese the sound of the news agency had a story verifying and validating that. I can go on and on. Went on fox news, the bottom line he said ive not heard this anywhere i think this is the first time weve heard this in the United States. Open source i was able to get that. We need to take advantage more of open source. Missile defense. Missile defense ties into so much of this. Ronald reagan knew what he was doing or doctor teller knew what he was doing. So many of these threats today we can deal with what they did this with different system for this country. We do not have termed the west coast here you have a fairly good Missile Defense capability. There is no landbased Missile Defense system on the coast. So in the book i talk about things we can do in the near term to make up for that so that we at least have a radar capability that can talk to the interceptors if we can deal with it. When i was doing research, i went to see the late doctor jim edwards was the first secretary of energy. He passed away the day after christmas it was a dear friend of mine. I went to see him to talk about Energy Security and how it tied in. I went to see doctor edwards and i noticed in his van hanging out with a picture of doctor edward who of course has been the director of the Livermore Lab and the guy that saw reagan on the idea of Missile Defense when he was the governor of california. I said doctor edwards, is that mr. Teller of the nobel physics the physicist and laureate and he said s. He told me a story that has never been in print before until tonight its in the book. Ronald reagan ran on a campaign of Missile Defense for the Strategic Defense Initiative as they called it. When he became president , doctor teller couldnt get into see him. The director of the office of management and budget was keeping him away from president reagans because it would cost too much money. Doctor teller knew him and began to complain to jim edwards. So there was a series of the various meetings and edwards came up with a plan and said in the department of energy we keep up with the letter that Albert Einstein wrote to president roosevelt proposing the manhattan project. Doctor teller i want you to write a letter to president reagans proposing the Strategic Defense Initiative. Im going to get that letter Albert Einstein wrote to Franklin Roosevelt. We are going to go around and the rest is history. I call him the unsung hero of Missile Defense. One other thing i want to talk about before i talk about the victory with a bankruptcy is energy. This country has to be 100 Energy Independent and be able to sustain it. The u. S. Energy Information Agency tells us that between now and 2040, we are going to see globally a 56 increase of energy consumption. 85 of that is going to come from the developing countries. Every time we give a lot of details and facts of this in the book that every time we buy oil from the middle east even from a country that we think is a pro u. S. Country you can rest assured that a portion of the excess petrodollars goes out how to finance terrorism. We have to drive it up and be 100 tunica for own energy so they have to focus on their own people and energy is so important. [applause] and also i talk about how as far as energy is concerned the nuclear issue. We are at a point here if we are going to be 100 Energy Independent today we still have to have 20 of our energy coming from nuclear. The problem is 1 of the reactors today have been built in the last 20 years. If we build 100 reactors between now and 2030 that would be enough to replace what weve got. We have to build more reactors. If we dont what we will see coming in the demand into the upper pressure pressure that its printed thats been put on the prices we have got to be 100 dependent on those petrodollars. How do we pay for all of this . I call it a victory without bankruptcy. Great story. Franklin Franklin Roosevelt was president in the first term he cut the army budget by about 51 . Well guess who the chief of staff of the United States army was none other than douglas macarthur. Macarthur got into a discussion with the president and said basically to the effect i just hope america loses the next war and a bayonet is in a Young American truth and the enemy has his foot on his neck and he is cursing one man i wanted to the roosevelt. He said that and then he realized what he had done and offered his resignation and Franklin Roosevelt said dont be foolish. We talk about between 585 billiondollar budget. There are things we can do to be more efficient so that we can pay for things that we really need. But my feeling is that weve cut it in all the wrong places. When weve taken our army down recently to the world war ii levels, that sends the wrong message to the people. Some of the things we can do i talk about how we can change the contracting in the military. But the parts of show that between 2001 to 2008 the major acquisition programs 300 billion because they keep adding. If you have a prospective type of system where you know ive got to do it for this amount and they are incentivized to get it done on time we can save a lot of money. We need to cut the number that weve got since the end of the cold war our military has decreased 30 . Its gone up 19 with all of that bureaucracy. We have more admirals today in the navy then we have ships. I cant wait for some of my buddies to read that part of the book. But the National Guard and Education Foundation the Founding Fathers got it right. We can train and equip the preserve the soldiers and we have to properly equip them and if we dont end up that winds up back in the active force that will cost taxpayers billions of dollars. We also talk about how to avoid becoming the arms race with china and the way we can do that and we talk about that in the buck. Another thing i talk about is theres a Great Program and the entire Unmanned Aerial Vehicle came out in this concept and rather than doing the research they get the buyin from these Major Commands so they know they will feel to them and they saved a ton of money. Things like that that we can do to save a lot of money. We have to engage Small Business. Thats where the innovativeness is. There is an organization that deals with this index billions of dollars of how to deal with ieds and to prevent these devices. I cant tell you how many times i did an invitation urging Small Business people to come to an industry they and by the way you must have a secret clearance to get in there. They have the innovativeness and ingenuity that you need that we might need to fork the next terrorist attack and i could go on and on but we cant have the victory without bankruptcy. So Edward Gibbon wrote on the ancient athens in the end more than they wanted freedom they wanted security. They wanted a comfortable life and they lost it all security comfort and freedom. They were determined not to give to society but for society to give to them. The freedom they wished for the most was freedom from responsibility. Then athens speaks to the three. Will will history someday say the same for us . America is the last best hope of freedom for mankind and today we are dealing with a challenge in the 21st century. And my hope is that america will once again have the same kind of results that we had to do whatever it takes to keep america safe and i want to thank you very much for being here. He has agreed to take some questions. We will do a couple that i do want but i do want to let everyone know that we have the new criticism for sale in a store. He has agreed to stick around and autograph copies at the conclusion. So please pick one up. Our first question is from this gentleman right here. I am just curious it seems to me everybody in the room has a gas car into pretend somebody puts gas in their car we are funding terrorism against our own country. Why dont we quit buying oil . I dont understand why the u. S. Doesnt do it. We have enough reserves for the next 40 or 50 years to sustain ourselves. I agree and we have enough shale as well. I agree 100 with you. And by the way im for renewables. Any form of energy that is made in america. Let me get over to the next one here. Have you sent a copy of this to the white house . [laughter] i have to say this. Do not call what we are giving with radical islam is the equivalent of Franklin Roosevelt in world war ii not see fascism german aggression. Our next question is coming from william whose 20yearsold. My question for you is beyond the scholarship to increase cybersecurity for young people, when i look at my coach or my friends, people my age, they have a negative view of the military and especially the armed forces and im wondering what are some of the ways you would think of increasing the public image of the military and attracting more advanced minds . I went to a comedy show and they made a joke that they recruit from the same pool that mcdonalds was and i dont think we can accurately represent a Defense Force for this country if we dont have the greatest minds defending us. Two points. Number one in the book i do say that education is a National Security issue and its important i think that in our high schools i dont think that we teach American History like we used to. And young people need to understand what their forefathers went through to build this country and to give us the freedoms we have today. One thing people understand this technology. Technology is good. I have my iphone here and all kinds of things coming in all the time. But guess what as Technology Changes and increases thats good but bad people have access to the new technology too. The problem is our government is so stovepipes and weve seen it, we cant respond quick enough to the threats. So it is as if the threat come as the technology increases, the threats are increasing exponentially. But this is a chance for young people to get involved and help this country but again, i think weve got to do more in our schools and in the high schools getting back to what this country is about and in scaling and young people a better sense of history of what america is about. The next question from the gentle man in the front row. I appreciate everything youve said. I enjoyed it. Just one area i would like to take issue with and that is Nuclear Energy. The reason i would is that any Nuclear Accident of the radiation, at least 40000 years there is an element of human error natural disaster. I dont think that we can afford the Nuclear Energy. Nuclear a lot of people dont recognize it is also a Renewable Energy as you know. One of the great things that has come up in the recent years and i put this in there is the development of the radiation capability for the United States and i call that stockpile as bob. But as far as the United States is concerned ive dealt with a lot of people at the laboratory in places like that. In the United States weve come a long way in the Nuclear Industry and i will tell you if we dont deal with this issue right now and as you know know the rate know there were different commission they give you a license and you begin to renew for another 20 years if we dont have a commitment to Nuclear Energy and we think we have problems now having to buy oil and stuff overseas, come 2030 we are going to have more problems and the terrorists will get even more money. Thats my concern. We will take one more question and then we will move to the lobby for the book signing. At the very beginning you talked about Border Security. And my question is that there is so much conversation where everyone is talking over one another with regards to immigration. My question is if we simply took the existing law and adhere to them, how bad was the problem be . We would be in a lot better shape i agree. Okay. One more. The we have had a lot of discussion about prospects for Development Scientific engineering and otherwise. But theres one thing we have to get away from and thats fear of new things. We talk about our fear of Nuclear Energy and we havent even tried to continue with what he had we had years ago at oak ridge instead of uranium. Why did he stick to we stick to uranium . Because we needed to make bombs. We dont need the bombs. Make us independent and use this thats far cheaper and the indians and chinese are doing it. We have to wake up. Very good point. Thank you very much. He will be in the front lobby to autograph the book. How did an army officer associated with George Washingtons legacy go to war against what we today consider George Washingtons greatest legacy the union asked it was this question that ultimately true me to robert e. Lees story and its that tragic tension and the knowledge that history could have turned out so much differently. Because on the eve of the civil war the leaders on both sides of the potomac and richmond and in washington saw the services for the high command. Both have about the connections to George Washington. That was a Common Knowledge in both saw a tremendous significance. They also knew that Winnefeld Scott who scot who at the time was the ranking general in the u. S. Army thought we was the very best soldier that hed ever seen in the field. And robert e. Lee certainly looked like a fine soldier. He stood under 6 feet tall, he had powerful broad shoulders come here perfect posture. Everybody saw him and said some version of the same thing batman looks every inch like a soldier. So april 1861 an emissary for it him lincoln asked robert e. Lee to right across from arlington and come to the city of washington. His name is princess player and princes player and he makes an extraordinary offer to robert e. Lee. He says says while you read the main army to crush of secession plaques and as he renders the story come he tried in every way to convince robert e. Lee to say yes. He said of the country looks the country looks as a representative of the washington family and that was hardly an exaggeration because here after all was the son of George Washingtons most famous and the soninlaw of George Washingtons adopted child. And so now only one word separated robert e. Lee from the chemical of the profession from the command of what would be the largest army ever raised that no american since George Washington had known and what did robert e. Lee say . Said he opposed secession and heated. He thought that it was illegal and equally significant he thought George Washington would have opposed secession and people on both sides claimed George Washington for their own. Secessionists say George Washington was a rebel who rebelled against the british and on the other side they would say George Washington in his farewell address said any allegiance and actually robert e. Lee is reading a biography in the months before the civil war and he concludes he basically agrees with the Union Position to George Washington would have opposed secession. So what else did he say . He would gladly wash his hands of slavery if it could avoid the war but then he said how can i raise against my state . And hear the Family Tradition said he hesitated as he was searching for an answer but he gave the answer once and i once no. He turned down the command though he didnt get turn in the commission that he served for more than three decades. He returned to arlington house and soon learned that virginia in fact voted for the union and there he writes a letter resigning from the union army and his wife would call the decision to sign the severest struggle with his wife. You can watch this and others online. Is is the chief of staff of the air force assembles a list of books he recommends for servicemen and women. Heres the 2015 west. To begin the Norwegian Air force colonel olson describes the lives of 12 men who shaped the history of the air combat and air commanders. Is the judges decision in 2010 is really instructive because he said he is the first person who is a natural person to have reviewed all of the evidence in the case. He decided that the evidence in the case was either not credible because it was obtained through court debate could torture or for other reasons. And i remember reading the first time i was able to read the diary years ago so much more became clear to me because he talks about torture that he was subjected to that resulted in him providing false information about himself and others because essentially he was told what they wanted him to say. So he was also in the position he says in the book of the more incriminating but happier his interrogators were. At one point he talks about whenever they ask me if somebody in canada i have incriminating information even if i dont know him. Whenever i thought about the word i dont know i got nauseous because i remembered the words of redacted. All you have to say is i dont know, i dont remember. So mohammed says i decreased these words from a dictionary and that passage comes after we read about the pain that he goes through and one of the things again as i think about this in the last year that weve with more information coming out about torture, the debate about torture a few months ago has been so debased anyway because it focused on effectiveness and effectiveness doesnt matter. But it shows yet again that there isnt two things that torture absolutely guarantees. One is pain and the other is self information. Speedbump. Host professor lannygy year how did you become known as the quota queen . Guest how long do you have . [laughter] i was nominated for a position in the, i guess, april of 1993 and by june of 1993 i was no longer nominated. Its an intense be but short period of time intense but short period of time so you question, how long was i being considered . You could say two months but then before they nominated me, it was also some discussion of it, im sure. So depends on your math. Host two first used the term, quota queen . Guest i dont really know who used the term. It was based i believe, published