When he doubled the budget of the campaign they spent a lot of money on the tumor viruses better brother and sisters of the aids virus so all of that research and Drug Development throughout the 70s laid the foundation for relatively small investment only a few billion per year from the nih now all an extraordinarily small number of people die from aids every year we still put 3 billion but alzheimers is 500 million we need to realign back that. I appreciate you ending the conference within the last words of wisdom . The queue for inviting me. Also a plug for my book that is outside i hope you will buy some of these from amazon because i am trying to sell as many books as her. [laughter] i have a long way to go. Thank you. [applause] but but it will but have but the at good evening and welcome to the tragedy for an even when dash conversation with Michael Lindsay from the view from the top. We are thrilled by the turnout if you are Still Standing there are a few seats right over here one or two right there as well. Feel free to make your way to a spot. I and the president of the trinity for rum and we are excited to partner to host the presentation before the staff to partner with us and we are delighted we are joined by our guests as well as forum board members. An Advisory Board members and trudy Forum Academy trusties. I am delighted and sold many alumni and gordon alumni are here today. That each and every one of you. We think youll find this discussion and compelling in to answer all the audience questions we will be life plotting the event on the Facebook Page or arent twitter Trinity Forum or view from the top. Tonights presentation will also run throat though began dawn and sees bin into a booktv. If youre not familiar with treated before we provide us space and resources for leaders to engage we believe ideas have consequences and as part of the christian mandate of loving god with all your mind requires thoughtful contemplation of the great ideas and questions of our time. It is our mission and our joint to provide publications and programs such as though one tonight to help leaders engage in those questions and ultimately come to better know the author of the audience ears. It is said the Great Questions of life is boiled down to just three. What is a good person was a good life and what is a just society . Our conceptions of and hopes of are necessarily influenced in part by the individuals that shape our lives. With so grappling with those questions ushers and another line of inquiry. What is the nature of leadership . Is it possible to live lead wisely and well . It is a question of enormous importance in in our time when public trust of leaders and business and government virtually every institution has plummeted to new lows in leadership failure. And a supply of trustworthy leaders seems more you lose some of the need to understand how to cultivate and develop such leadership is more urgent. And you can address that need with the expertise or the inside as our speaker this evening. Dr. Michael lindsay a promise sociologists and author and president of courted college outside of boston massachusetts. A graduate of baylor and from princeton from a ph. D. In sociology from princeton devoted much of his academic career to the study of leadership. As a professor at Rice University he directed the study of leadership boswell as published of Pulitzer Prize nominated books face in the halls of power listed as the best book of 2007 by Publishers Weekly and by the profiled usa today and cnn and countless other outlets. Since assuming the presidency the leadership expertise is increasingly practical who. The relatively short tenure has been accompanied not only by a dramatic increase of applications in the enrollments and applications but and inspiring a new generation of leaders. That is modeled after the White House Fellows Program that he calls of a weeklong Leadership Class also whom the results of which schaede details in his book view from the top the we invite him to discuss today. Were joined by his coauthor we produce say is the legacy of the trinity Forum Academy and together they will take on the questions. Welcome. [applause] thank you very much i wish my folks were here. My dad would be so proud. My mom would not believe that. [laughter] tried to understand what makes great leaders how do they manage the challenges and opportunities day encounter with positions of responsibility to create a legacy that extends far beyond their term in office. People ask how in the role did you interview 550 amazing individuals . It was a wonderful project so i am living proof you can write a dissertation that your wife will describe a sexually interested. [laughter] but this as a matter to be in the right place at the right time conducting interviews the couple of hours to kill and stanford up was in the store then i looked over and saw a woman who i had been trying to track down for years. Who looked exactly like karen hughes. She served as counselor to the president for george did you bush for i have been trying to get interview with her for about four years and here she was, or so i thought in the flash. [laughter] i was not positive so i thought i decided to wait until she would spoke in a couple of moments she said something and i instantly recognized her voice. This is my big break. Then realize i have never asked somebody for an interview face to face of is like asking somebody on a day to. What if they say no . It is embarrassing so i had to get up my nerve. I will circle round her. I did. At the end of the first circle i thought i am not ready. I will circle the second time i actually circled carrot karen hughes five times. The the end of the fifth time i thought it is tudor fracking and i left the store. [laughter] there is of large plaza outside i stood up there and i thought what was that about . Why was i so intimidated where she would think of me . What if she says know she will forget it five minutes but i will remember it the rest of my life. [laughter] ikn cannot find her. I thought this is divine punishment. Eventually she is up at the coffee bar so i walked up i think how do i address her . Madam counselor or counselors use . Blood and i suppose to say . Was sorting that out as a creature so i just tapped her on this shoulder. I have a habit when i get nervous to have read blotches appear on my neck i knew i had about 50 seconds before my face would be we to read. This is huge ivan sociologists conducting a study on leaders would you be willing to give me an interview . She said actually about here looking and colleges with my son but i will gives you my phone number and call me and i will be happy to sit down with you. Kd a couple months passed and they gave her a call. She said the young man who turned bright red at stanford . [laughter] yes man that is me she gave me an interview we didnt ride across the street and it was amazing. Here is a woman who was a surprise that she was in the inner circle of political power she did not spend her life to get there she was friends with the man who ran for president and he invited her. Once she was in the office she began to wonder this is how want to lead my life . A teenage son that she never saw a and if you know, her story she ended up presiding her position at the white house to move back to austin in during that time i conducted the interview she was grappling with the questions of vocation and calling sanders wants ability and decided to go back to washington and worked in the state department for a couple of years but of those 550 people i was blessed with extraordinary individuals each have their own stories with the interesting things to offer how does leadership worked in our culture today . I wrote view from the top with the hope it would inspire the next generation of thinkers that in position of responsibility resonates the people i have interviewed pick up copies and send emails theyre not all hate mail so that is a good sign. So i tried to represent peoples experience the as truthfully as i could and at the same time apply the critical analysis to tell stories with other big numbers of folks represented an individual experiences. A things about would be helpful but i walk away after 10 years thinking is important. Number one is the significance of institutional leadership. And his parents were immigrants and he went to college studying engineering and discover the technology that would allow for the liquid Crystal Display. But the problem is he discovered this in 1964 when the of leadership did not say that was interesting. In the u. S. Has the of loss the competitive in advantage to japanese brought a liquid Crystal Display to the marketplace in the 70s did 80s. Without is his usual backing he could not make a longterm difference he gets the credit for the attention of those civil dont even know his name. Institutions mattered far more than i expected. But what i found is most of the power and over culture is housed you have a chance to make of longterm impact. Of the first female we are admiral of the u. S. Navy. When on to serve as the head of the American Red Cross commissioner of of ladies golf association. But marty was the person to help u. S. Navy figure out how to create more space for women to serve in combat or leadership positions . Because she was an insider to bring about a significant change to the u. S. Military. One of those key lessons is if you want to have a Lasting Impact you have to be in the room. In the second key element we encountered over the course of the study is early leadership. We found a really doesnt matter much about what you do before the age of 20. There is no statistically a significant relationship between any variable and the likelihood of becoming a strategic leader later in life. Doesnt matter if youre parents were rich or poor or if you were a varsity athlete or student body president or popular or a nerd none of those things matter. In some time into the early adult stage around 18 through 22 in the College Years in particular, you need to find a mentor. Somebody who will help raise the opportunities for you to introduce you to Different Networks there is one book wrote written called getting a job the key finding of research is it doesnt really matter if your friends and family but instead the strength of weak ties. We get jobs because of acquaintance that works and friends of friends to help make introductions. That is what i found that many of those folks who got a leg up achieved that because they were a friend of a friend with an introduction. One of the key findings is young people have to maximize the opportunities. Not everybody has the same repertoire of skills but use we were given. A wonderful story. Kevin from university of maryland was not the best student or the best athlete in number of friends were drafted to the nfl and he did not think it would be a possibility but kevin was always good at sales where guys could buy roses for their girlfriends and granite at the dorm room and made a lot of money. After the today practices in late august he realized if he took off his shoulder pads teacher was a weighted down with sweat and he thought there has to be a way to invent a fabric to with a wave of moisture so you dont have this extra five or 10 pounds to carry it when you perform a sport he literally invented performance apparel. He took his last 600 and invested in six different fibers is this is the key and ended up working. And that was the start of the under armour. You never know how you take opportunities to maximize them and leverage them to have a Lasting Impact. Kim have to experience the leadership catalyst. When i was a member add rice we tried to figure out how could day enter into the top 10 institutions nationally. The head ben at 164 number of years. When of the areas was a rigorous Leadership Development program to help elevate the contributions of food they were serving. So i was tasked to look get all the Leadership Programs programs, Public Sector and i looked at 25 that had a lot of promise. End up flying by johnson and promising emerging leaders resigning whatever job they have at that time to move to washington to work for a cabinet secretary for one year. How does leadership work and then how do they take that experience back with them . That would raise the leadership quotient of those who go to occupy Senior Leadership roles that was amazing ways it began. That was extraordinary. Who holds the endowed chair of surgery rota textbook used in 40 percent of medical schools around the country. He got rejected for the white house scholarship but thought that was the rejects i have to study the program because as of two or 3,000 people who applied they will narrow it down to 30 finalists. When you take the pool of 3,000 it is hard to tell who was elected and food is not there were idiosyncracies did a particular candidate tell a joke . Did they make a connection . You cannot tell them apart in meaningful ways at that point. But among those two were a finalist for the scholarship 12 go on into the a Senior Leader to hold a similar position in their own field of medicine or law or entertainment. 12 . Not bad. But did you compare that with those who were not just finalists for the program but white house fellows you see over the course of their career 32 percent of them hold that position. At one moment you cannot tell them apart. At another moment it is 2. 5 times more likely to assume the the pinnacle of leadership so we try to study what made that program work pilot that colin powell m. Wesley clark does ceo of levi strauss and extraordinary individuals we did a survey at the 82 spawns rate and then to go about the process of Leadership Development program for college students. In the midst of that i was invited to assume the presidency at court and i will never forget my conversation he said we are excited about you but i do have a question through intellectual property is that study that you did. [laughter] i said it is part of my research. Host was afraid you were going to say that. So we built a program it is the only one in the country mobled after the White House College students but we believe early it makes a significant difference doesnt matter what happens before age 20 but between 20 and 40 is a significant piece when people have the upward trajectory to significantly sharpen the ankle to assume positions in the location so in addition pc the value of symbolic leadership. It is interesting because i did not realize how much leadership means lead with your life. So much of what the leader does is measured by how they represent themselves in public how much they embody the values and virtues of those values. Those that are incredibly thoughtful even when you try represent the values and ideals another wonderful story as i interviewed Condoleezza Rice and amazing woman concert pianist and russia expert and secretary of state and National Security adviser reading her was an extraordinary opportunity and i asked her about the steps she she made in the white house and what she learned. She said i learned your life and people Pay Attention to symbols. What does that mean . Remember Hurricane Katrina . I was serving as secretary of state. I had nothing to do with the u. S. Governments response or fema it was as far removed as you could possibly be but as it turns out i was in new york for the opening of the general simply of United Nations as the secretary of state should do and i realized i had not packed inappropriate dress for a reception i was going to i said i would just run into the store to do it. She took power picked out a dress that was appropriate thing got into a cab but as it turns out with your secretary of state your watched all the time a and a reporter snapped a picture with a shopping bag on the same day that there was a picture of the devastation happening in new orleans. And i realized you have to lead the with your life. What did fringes folks is the of platinum leadership fight and interviewed Extraordinary People but within that we found there were 22 who had done extraordinary add only a beating in the institution but global scope but also to maximize the opportunities that came to them in babel and at the same time garner the trust and respect of their colleagues the and peters. These leaders released a part with the ability to combine this is to show leadership and symbolic leadership to recognize they to do extraordinary things. So they were individuals who i liked and enjoyed getting to know them but to have a compelling persona how they carried their values with them. One thing that impressed me was Continental Airlines in the late 1890s. The Airline Industry tried to figure out new ways to recognize revenue rose into broker a landmark deal that changed the entire industry was one of continental competitors with a with sell seats on each others planes to recognize reciprocal benefits for frequent fliers this led the groundwork for all consolidation over the last tenures is started in the late 1990s. It was wildly successful and as a result wall street loved the story in on the stock price went through the roof but because of that david was entitled to a nice bonus but they are of deep faith to want to make sure that their life is with their values. To make sure they would live beneath their means. In if this ended your bonus comes to be wavelet to give it away to world vision so then that is less to go to that organization is no to approach that general counsel if he could give back his bonus convicted be through the Corporate Philanthropy to the one of his choice. Then never heard of one that wanted to do giveback the bonus. [laughter] but sure enough it was possible. And here is what is extraordinary he had theur opportunity to use that experience to garner moral authority because of that and knocked on the doors of all other executives to get bonuses they knew that stock price had gone up and they say you really dont need that 1 million would it be great to do something extraordinary . And he could use that moral authority to persuade colleagues to donate to a lot more money through the Corporate Philanthropy they look good the company booked good not every day you can talk about one of your interviewees summer in the room but tonight i am very proud because david is here. I salute you. [applause] i had the great pleasure to meet Extraordinary People like david who were given responsibilities but the key thing leader needs to do if they are a leader over the long haul in 2014 is to sink institutionally but act personally. We leave with their lives but only to build up your Organization Also serve the common good. Thank you very much. [applause] did you can stand and wait that would be great so to introduce the coauthor who was mentioned briefly year earlier. And was a special assistant to president lindsay in graduated from eyehole rice is and is an alumnus and i know that you have been very involved in that quantitative and qualitative analysis. Then you are part of that twentysomething. What is your take away and from that analysis what you call the application to your own life . I started with research in college i was with the Rhodes Scholars and was banned all day reading the journal and i felt so discouraged because i would not be a Rhodes Scholar but over the next couple of years we did more research to realize it helps to come from a family with resources but it is not necessary but that pluralities from the middleclass background so to see it is important one of the key things is the approach to life and something i think about now as the twenties something to use specialized but keeping a broad mine sent with key leadership nature on. Thank you for your comments today but the question of pride and humility and faceless this is a town built on and people going to the top four leadership did you find anything that indicated they were not seeking to be leaders but the leadership was up by product or how they tried to figure out how to lead . A very perceptive observations i did find people was clawed their way up to the top but i will not name names tonight but i also have to say what i found is there is a distinct difference between those who are though one of these in those individuals who get to that top position than to to have a higher degree of personal humility of institutional pride that resonates with research and that is the case with my work as well. Individuals who are really committed to make their life counts it did not matter what their title was. Or focused on issues about authority but some who were. , but by and large in those platinum leaders are individuals that seemed to be above the fray. They are committed to make their life count in to there is time along the way even though to reflect the values but on hold who found them so house but part of it is they got to the right now working in relation all entrepreneurs. He is the most influential advisers to the Community Alive today. Out one time serving on 12th fortune 500 boards at the same time. When they said to david individual his name came up. He said i never applied for a job in my life. It helps he made friends and powerful places but with his calling and vision if you know, the story of his life that opened up a lot of doors. My question is similar it seems almost every week weve rightabout the failures of the evangelical leader passing through or the organization and it seems like a common theme looking at people with you monday is egos and the accountability and as i listened you wonder is that a problem that is unique to the evangelical world . I dont think that evangelical has the corner on the market of moral failure. But the there is a lot of start of organizations and churches. Within that thesis there tends not to be the same institutional structures which is why institutions do matter for longterm success. For gordon and students who want to lead to develop a network of friends that they know from the yearly part of their careers to hold them accountable with the hard questions. Truly what gets them in trouble is money and power and sex are you being faithful in your marriage . How to handle your finances . Who is keeping you grounded see you dont buy into your own press. People like interviewed had that platinum leadership to find ways to be held accountable. John can in the bank ceo who made a friendships from high school in they have a way to keep him grounded. That kind of approach is helpful but it is important to have accountability. Good evening. Much 2012 recent graduate of Gordon College as a young professional of International Development to take seriously a the power of Decision Makers the in washington d. C. Your where we work, could you speak to the distance between those places of power and also someone interested to do institutional power and how do reorients those that change Dave Christian commitment to to all views for those leaders that we found it was the blind spot of the awareness of the executive compensation significantly erodes public trust. It is striking and interviewed one guy whos said will come much money ive made. Key said i stopped counting. He made 37 million. The number of executives who are oblivious how is emblematic of their inability to connect with ordinary americans is it diminishes their leadership. But what has been televising for other folks one that happened in the number of years ago of c0 of Herman Miller the Furniture Company i highly recommend to the chair but walking into a factory floor one day he had a conversation with of guy who was working in the factory who did not have a College Degree that he was never bend acculturated of what you ask the ceo and what you do not. And somewhere in that conversation the topic came up about compensation and he said how much money do you make . He said in that moment was in paris because i realized i could not justify why my salary was so different from his. Historically the average differential from the top employs to the lowest is about 45 one is the lowest is 1,000 a year the top is 45,000 but now there was research that historically it was 20 one so he said i would like to cap my salary so it is connected to be 20 times of the law was paid employee. But that is better than the National Average today that is 150 one. So i did find examples if theyre willing to use think about the power could be appropriately channeled to put down trees on their lives but those are not enough examples perhaps they could lead the way going forward. Faq so much. I am from the class of 89 from gordon it is a treat to hear from you. Added any given time we cannot all be in peters. Not all students there will be in peters and a particular time or the jurors in their home and i think about raising my boy is to teach them leadership and the best message dike gives them is opportunities to do what is good and excellent and the life affirminga]d and to encourage other people to do that. Whats is your research overtime has taughtc you that you teach your kids are the students generally about what they should aspire to . I think it is about pursuing what is good or writer excellent or pure or perfect but what do we all need to hear about leadership . One of the most important things to teach our kids is the lead with our life the way we conduct ourselves makes a difference. In the midst of doing this research my wife and i had a daughter that ended up being special needs. Guaranteeing elisabeth is an entirely different view of leadership to understand what it means to have a life worth eating and to recognize that just because society does have individuals that have power that is not the calling for everyone. I am not sure it is a healthy motivation but back to the point it is far more significant with the willingness to try to serve but that is what leadership is about. Suss to cultivate that the of leadership occurs in different settings it does not require you to visa ceo as a classroom teacher or the coach or the pastor or as a nurse. Significant roles with longLasting Impact. One of the things we encountered is one of the most informative roles and what we found is it tended not to bathe that were in those powerful positions those a little much humbler life that had opportunities to make a difference. We stand on the shoulders of giants not always thus the bow. Could you provide any insight about failure or how they dont . One of the common questions is how leaders view decisions do look back for analyzing and struggle to put it behind you and move on. To be of failure to handle that not every step is a step forward and says leadership it is the key to move on from failure. The, the of the coast guard after the of the month debacle he was put in charge of u. S. Government response and as it turns out the federal Government Asks them to be the point person. So that response to the major crisis of new orleans. And as a roughandtumble kind of guy and was arrested twice he gets in fights. Just because you can be a leader was one domain does not mean you will be a leader with another. [laughter] but he works really well for the coast guard. They loved him. But when you are beating you cannot spend time with the regret locker. Move on. That is true. Every Single Person we interfered experiencing a ticket to appear at some point in time and we learned so much more about who we are and who we want to be fans access. That they have tremendous courage and persistence and they bounce back. How many were rejected the first time they applied. If you are rejected try again. You never know. I appreciate the plug for the program. [laughter] how does leadership change but of millenials is because of what has been democratized and how that changes. The amazing if they in is how you have to be born at a certain time to have leadership profile. To take a look at 50 or 500 years what would constitute in the year 1500 is different from 2000. You have to be physically quite strong and be a lawyer to allow being seen as a leader in 1700 it was education. They gave you gravitas so they deferred to a Leadership Today the most important characterization is the ability to persuade. It is extraordinary how all persuasion is the coin of the overall the point about millenials weld it is true some dont like bureaucracy they are more committed to institutions and building them from three generations were like grandparents or great grandparents. The entrepreneurialism etfs that we see they want to solve this problem to get an institution. They have interesting things do say and to if you want to reform something you have to be the insider. Profits can make the headlines but they cannot make a real difference to have to be an insider to make the change. Fate q. One of the questions that i had with that influence how is it is that the lots of americans have seen the influence of cronyism that the people with the best representation on the k street or trade associations can get ahead while you see people muddling by . How do you square that to be incredible leader but still have that cash jay that you are not just getting by on your connections or influences . Been talking about jordan with his friendship to clinton may be not anything other than the ability to persuade people who are powerful but what about that ability to the door to be authentic that people just get by at the top because they know the right people in the right numbers. I have to say with that situation in washington i am pretty discouraged because the way in which our political conversations had default i dont take have been healthy. When i talk with our students they are very hopeful they can make the change but also discouraged about the structure. But to tweak a bill that i would assume jordan got where he was because of clinton but actually clinton got to where he was because of jordan because he was going to a conference for a number of years and it is the power elite Global Organization very selective and he brought bill clinton to the conference in they said who is this guy from work arkansas . He brought him in 1991 sure enough he helped to create a lot of opportunity. Is this only in the United States . Is it global . And what is the role for women . And with the interviews you have had with women and people of color where they are contribu contributing to a different view of what is the top of artist and musicians. The study was focused on the United States. There were a couple leaders that were internationally so lot a lot of answer on the global. But 10 of the study and it wasnt for lack of trying. But they are hard to find at this point. They definitely do add a lot. They are still struggling with the second shift requirements where women spend a lot of time in the workplace and they go home and are responsible for household responsibilities as well so that is a bearriebarrie. And i think mentorship and other relationships are keys for minorities and it is something that people can seek out women minorities and to help them move up the chain as a way to teach them the social queues and the advantages they missed. One of the interesting paradoxes of the story is we worked hard to find women. 10 is about right for ceos or College President s. In the entertainment section and in higher education. But the paradox is that there is a segment of people who are part of what has been called the inner circle. The social scientist warden at the university of pennsylvania studies what he called the inner circle and they are in multiple board of directors. So you have you might be a director at General Electric and ibm. You have analyze it, you found women and people of color are overrepresented in that circle. Part started as tokenism. They all wanted a woman and they all went to the same woman. But you see it with latinos and africanamericans as well. That is changing a bit and there is more trickle down affect and more opportunities today effect but the most significant finding about the gender divide relates to worklife balance. I would ask the people in the study how you reconcile the challenge of being in this demanding job in a rich family life. 96 of the people i interviewed were married at the time i conducted the interview. Not all were first marriages but leadership is lonely and you crave companionship. Both men and women talked about balancing the work and life balance but women were far more anguished and thought about how they could do it better with everything from child care to aging parents. Women kerry the burden for caring for the family and Women Leaders feel that. There were a larger percentage of women who were married and had children versus men. We will take two more questions. I am curious to know in your book at all if you address other than economic and political leaders, my own personal example is within the Anglo Community and i didnt know if you had addressed that within the sectors. We included a whole variety of leaders. Leaders in science, technology, entertainment, art, media, education. In the arts we included performers, writers, directors, a whole range of folks and in the end it was a wonderful project because we were able to see if there were significant differences in the folks. Those who were leaders in the creative sectors have different paths. They tended to embody this liberal arts approach to art more readily and they were conversed on a range of issue and able to build connections in lots of ways. We looked at religious leadership as well and many of the bureaucratic challenges the Corporate Leaders face are similar to religious labels. Conflicts can be found in the church as well. Big news. So many hands. I will start right here. My question is on what you were saying about women and leadership and my experience is women can get to the top but many feel they sacrifice having children or a husband or perhaps have had a fail marriage or marriages, more than two. Can you talk about whether you felt that men felt differently than women with respect to that. As we were researching gender, i actually found there has been a lot of research and we saw the reasons about how men with feeling more need to be more involved fathers. They said my dad would never have gone to my soccer games but i am expected to go. It does affect men more frequently. There is more expectation they will do more with the house and kids. It is possible to have a high leadership position and a good family life. But you cannot do anything else. No hobbies, friends, you just have your family and your work. But that is really the only way to make it work. I think one thing we found that helped people balance is if leaders prioritize rituals and routines. If they make a ritual of every sunday i am going to make panca pancakes and i am going to be there kids think this is what it is to have a good father. Leaders, when you are at the top, you can set the meetings and set them around your kids soccer game or recital and use that as a way to stay connected. It is possible but there is not much time for much else. We will take one more question. I was wondering about the ones that got away. So you interviewed over 500 over ten years but have you thought about the ones that got away and anything common among them a