Transcripts For CSPAN2 Capital News Today 20130110

Were not going to count to see these things that you care about. What can i give you a free ride, a little time to figure out. I have one item to jonathans list of policies that have been conflictual, socialist invention of the subtle dimension in its rate to were, which is huge in a lot of ways and i think to be seen to things over the coming years of american federalism. One is distasteful split on more and more of these issues along sectional lines and second, among the states and the federal government that will become more conflictual and i believe thats all to the good. Will receive complete hodgepodge of coalitions on different issues . Are we seeing a different pattern quick no, i havent followed the mayor wanted name, but if you look at labor, the environment playing out that way, a variety of social and cultural issues is always, importantly health care you mentioned is always the same coalition for certain stability there and a huge overlap and thats a terrific thing. Is this interesting paper we see as part of the larger process of reallocation between state and federal government. How much leeway to see up on that administration have . I dont find very that would be fine if you had 2 million dvd agents is better than we do have, but how much room does the lord gave you . I think what all their shows as federalism is alive and well is the real of 60 kind of wandered the concepts in our country for obvious reasons, but even that term now is coming to be embraced by newer generation of something positive because you see controversial issues as you identified the address of the state level. Thats a good thing happening here. Its easy when youre middleaged man like me to brood about. The rule of law, what are we going to do . But weve had a lot of respondents than this. Weve been through to tens of the country. Getting young people involved in the press is the greatest epidemics other places is wonderful to see it happen and im very excited about the fact more people are engaged. I think the debate is going to be much better and eventually will force congress to become relevant again, which will save us. And uplifting ipod on which to register under the constitution as a mechanism designed to force conflict between levels of government on an ongoing basis. As the founders vision retain flexibility and dynamism in a changing world. At brookings producer panels the voting process, failing and not working. Its nice to run on a note saying this is like what the founders thought they were setting up, this tugofwar. Thank you for coming. This debate is never come us to back for the next round in the round after. [applause] [inaudible conversations] back in the heyday of how the private Student Lending market, you saw a lot of families who werent necessarily was going to say a music school. I wrote an article about a gardener who sent his son to college, you know, the first in the family to go to college. The dad made about 21,000 a year family and a menace able to make six figures from a privacy lender for his son. There just is no underwriting. And the slender, by the way, you know, settled with the new York Attorney Generals Office because i turn off your member was called called the preferred lender list, where vendors or in some cases accused of paying for preferential treatment antisurface to your students towards avon product announced the case with the slender. You can sort of understand some of the anger and how a generation of students may rightly feel duped in some ways with very little relief at this point now that they are so far in debt. Now coming discussion of environmental policy and conservation hosted by the Conservation Leadership Council. Council members include interior secretary, gale norton antiseptics peered this is a little less than two hours. Okay, were going to get started. Id like to introduce myself. I am former deputy secretary of the u. S. Department of the interior under the Previous Administration i see many, many faces. Its wonderful to be in such a great crowd. Im delighted youre all here at this conservation and stewardship conference. This may be put on by the Leadership Council. I want to remind everybody this is an open public meeting. They are reporting the event. They are broadcasting to the website at cspan. Org. They will also be airing on television during the course that day. Id like to encourage all of you to visit the Conservation Leadership Council website after the meeting in the course of the next week. It is sleeping with conservation. Work. There youll see the members of the Leadership Council. Youll see all of the papers. And by the way, you have on the tables in front of you a booklet that has the published papers put out by the council. We will start with presentations today, but ultimately what we want will have a facilitated discussion. Im going to be phil donahue or a winfrey and get you to converse and discuss. Yes by all means if you have questions to secretary norton for secretary schaefer, please do direct from here. We will try and get a conversation. Before i could roll in, the Council Members here in the audience to stand out. Id schaeffer and gil norton at the podium, if you would just stand, i appreciate that. Thank you for your great work in the soccer. To get the show rolling, and they to introduce secretary norton. She is wellknown to many in the stern if not all of your secretary of the interior from 2001, 22,006. I assert privilege to serve. Shes now back out in colorado and has her own firm and doing other things. Im not going to give a big introduction because they think youre so well known. Welcome. [applause] good morning, everyone. Its terrific to see people here. We have many people that were initially expect team. Its wonderful to have you been wonderful to have so many friends ive known for many years in the audience today. The Conservation Leadership Council is committed to addressing the nations environmental challenges through the application of conservative principles and ideas, trying to find ways in which we can have a purchase that are comfortable for conservatives and accomplish environmental goals. The Conservation Leadership Council is a group of business executives, former government officials, Public Policy experts and Community Leaders feared we come from a variety of backgrounds, the common enthusiasm for innovative environmental solutions. Im going to provide an overview of the council, why it is needed, how it darted, what its done so far and some thing about what we hope to accomplish. Stewardship is a core and lasting american value. Getting todays dialogue about how to exercise. Some of americas strongest principles and ideas that can sustain our National Heritage and prosperity have not been considered. We believe many of the best solutions to the countrys environmental challenges will be found in marketoriented policies, Publicprivate Partnerships and bottoms up solutions. These approaches have been successfully demonstrated in many local initiatives. When i was secretary of the interior, i had the opportunity to travel around to meet with people who were involved in local conservation efforts, who brought together neighbors to discuss their problems, to hash out different perspectives and to find ways of protecting communities and environment. We called the cooperative conservation. I still think its a great title. We wanted to see that spread across the country. The Political Landscape has shipped it in the last two years. As someone who served in washington, i am familiar with gridlock and partisanship. Unfortunately, i think that is reason to massive levels today. Ironically, it is that atmosphere of distrust that help stimulate the creation of the conservation leadership will. We believe there are good ideas that can transcend politics. Compromise is an unpopular word and for todays conservatives, and has the connotation of abandoning ones principles. The Conservation Leadership Council is not about that approach. The Conservation Leadership Council looks for fresh proposals that can reach environmental goals while finding mechanisms for conservatives and libertarians can embrace. The Councils First i said that he was to solicit ideas across the country. Think tanks are in universities, people involved in the trenches and conservation projects. We sought authors who could present fresh ideas, reflect in the councils limited government approach. Instead of environmental proposals based on command and control, we saw proposals harnessing the marketplace to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation instead of Big Government regulation, would look for ways to bring communities together. Instead of racing governments and income of search for ways to save taxpayers money while still providing after recreation and environmental values. Instead of destroying jobs and economic opportunity, we sought ways to provide the regulatory certainty that encourages investment while meeting environmental goals affect lee. We received many excellent proposals and some of them are captured today in the book we are releasing. This contains several of our policy papers and these papers are also available on our website, leading with conservation. Org. The policy papers complement a series of conservation roundtables that we have held around the country. The first is highlighted on the Ground Solutions in denver, colorado, my hometown had people discussing conservation of land and ways to protect wildlife habitat. In september, another roundtable focused on habitat trading credits and economical ways to conserve public lands. That is taught in, georgia, emphasize water quantity and infrastructure necessary to preserve americas access to clean water. As time goes on, we expect to host roundtables around the country. Theyve given us the opportunity to lose him experience people with a variety of views and help improve our proposals. Todays session is going to have a similar format. The council is an organization intended to stimulate brainstorming and debate and distribution of ideas. We have a generally shared political philosophy, but we do not have any requirement that our members agree in complete box set. Accordingly, not every word of the Council Endorses every paper. We want to share a variety of ideas. While Council Members themselves are conservatives or libertarians, we welcome the opportunity to work with others and thinking how our approaches can be implemented in the real world. We have been assisted in our efforts are not a conservative friend at Environmental Defense fund and we thank them for their efforts. Several other environmental organizations are represented here today has those individuals individual chip industry, agriculture, government and conservative organizations. We welcome input from all corners. The councils role as a conservative voice for Environmental Protection is important in todays economic situation. Local and state agencies face another year of budget cuts. Fortunately, our marketplace Oriented Approach can provide help and solutions, especially important in washington as congress is grappling with ways to do with the federal budget. We want to provide a purchase that can protect the environment without major government expenditures. Let me share a simple example. I was reading a Magazine Article the other day and i thought this is a very simple and straightforward approach that everybody can understand. Local and State Governments on thousands of miles and thousands of acres, millions of acres of land in the rights of way roads. Kansas allowed has over 20,000 miles of roads that have vegetation along the sides. That provides habitat for birds and small animals. It provides wildflowers an opportunity to flourish. In most places, the approaches to go through a number of times this year and know that sounds, which destroys the habitat value. The Kansas Audubon Society calculated change in the mowing patterns to do it less often would save taxpayers millions of dollars while improving the habitat. It is a win for the environment while it saves taxpayers money. That is not one of her specific puzzles, but its the kind of idea and fresh thinking we welcome. One of our papers announced today directly addresses local and State Government problems. Many parks are operated by governments facing cutbacks or even shutdowns. There are experiences with contracting out management of park activities and our authors have traced that experience and have really put together some practical proposals for local governments and State Governments that might be looking at those kinds of things. Our proposals explore ways working within the regulatory system to allow Economic Activity by meeting environmental goals and less cumbersome ways to know if youre one of those proposed as later this morning. Other saints that receive government funding, the more encouragingly, better environmental resource to cooperative committee. I want to thank you all for participating and i look forward to hearing your thoughts and ideas today. [applause] thank you, secretary norton. Not a day to introduce former governor of north dakota and secretariat the u. S. Department of agriculture, ed schafer. [applause] thank you all for joining us here today. I hope you have the chance to have breakfast. We have roles in coffee and juices and water. Feel free to get up and have some food, leave come and talk to your navel, chuckle, click your classes. As a former governor, im used to addressing the legislature. Anyways, this is from the book, ranch life and hunting trail. My home which is on the size of the little missouri. It is about 12 in the nearest below me about 10 miles distance. The general courses northerly, but while flanker may ranch, takes a great westerly beach ball then is always, half a mile away. Down to the valley and suites, leaving one side and then the other and open glade among the long low house of human blogs. From the long veranda program that comes shaded by of beefy cottonwoods, one looks across sandbars and shows to a strip, which raises a line of sheer cliffs agresti patterns. This is a price and place were having a cool breeze stirs around the river attired men. Their rocking chairs for what true americans does not enjoy rocking chair. Though they do not often read the books, the rock gently to and fro, gazing sleepily out of sharp outlines degroat and distinctive purple in the glow of the sunset. These are the words written by Cesar Roosevelt during his time. The growing realization of the ideals of conservation. It was later during his time as governor of new york, when that vision of the spots in the letter came to be. In new york, when he was dealing with a society of concrete and steel and wealth generated by trading futures that dutch tulip olds for something, he came to understand the threat to National Strengths of the land in the soil and the Natural Resources. He was worried about the character of americans. He thought the character and values instilled in people and justice in the Hard Rock Cafe and the selfsufficient that comes in the end for marking the soil. The found here produce the american character and started thinking about responsibilities of preserving the good capacity of our lands. He had started the boone and crockett club. Boone and crockett club. Buyable bair. I think hes going to be here, but i dont see him. He understood promoting good stewardship of the land was important and to promote stewardship in understanding and that i felt the only way to ensure that would be to create voluntary organizations that would see to that good stewardship. Theodore roosevelt was elected to president of the United States and became known among many things as the conservation president. It was his vision as president that jumpstarted the Preservation Movement in this country and gather here today we continue on with the effort to develop Public Policy that promotes the same ideals as tr did long ago. I have the privilege of being able to absorb what roosevelt experienced as i walk on the very same lands and see the same views he did so long ago. It was my time as governor of north dakota for a saturday to understand the Public Policy can be used to nudge along the same ideals and help conserve the foundations of our country. When i shared the western governors association, the group of 18 states goes from the country west, very involved in resource issues, we were shepherding the grand canyon visibility study. I was shocked when a regional epa administrator can then and was promoting the idea that north dakota should clean up the air better. I pointed out north dakota was the first state to meet the clean air standards, i was mining and farming coalfired power plants. But she couldnt disagree with that. However, her theory was that north dakota was too super clean the air, that it would go down to the central corridor and help clean up the air and visibility in the grand canyon. We had a conversation about that, but it was then that i understood if we were serious about conservation and preserving the productive capacity of land and resources you cant be sitting and a cubicle. You cant be in the office. You have to be on the lan and among the people they are producing an energizing that land be close to those who work the soil had to recover Natural Resources for the benefit of our economy and citizens and who work on issues that are sustainable and affordable. One facet of topdown government conservation programs just are not going to work. If we are going to do something about the environment, we would Seek Solutions product base, acceptable and work to gain the public will to put them in place. That is what led us here today. Gail and i were able to come together with the kids of the department of interior and United States department of agriculture. The Agency Departments responsible for the overseeing of the development and use of strong capacities and foundations. The council has been harder for her to develop conservative input to Public Policy. Be that having conversations about voluntary marketplace that can make a difference. We seek your conversation today on those issues. As he you put the Council Together and worked over this last year, it really has become an issue as your state, your community, your Organization Needs flexibility based on local conditions and local issues and needs. We believe generating a supported local solutions are what will help develop support much faster than you can from the topdown approach with rigid rules and programs. Mayor Ron Littlefield of chattanooga tennessee said in one of our roundtables that its important that different regions learn an even par a workable from each other. We can be a clearinghouse of good ideas and Share Solutions that have worked together as the country. This helps avoid past mistakes, but also provide solid evidence that there is a solution that can work and you can take to your counsels some legislators and voters because its important that workable solution skip it on the table. We heard over and over again how can our roundtables and scholarly papers, they need to the right talent between business and government created the conservation leadership or airship to evaluate and explore entrepreneurial base solution that can entice everybody, conservatives, liberals, rastafarians, never can be here, but the shared goal of conserving our environment. At the roundtable, we heard firsthand from secretary of Natural Resources about how the challenges are having today trying to manage public lands with dwindling public funding and rigid federal rules and how he is searching in his state is looking for ideas like the ones that the clc is providing. We are helping exploit the solution says secretary norton mentioned. One of the papers in your book is part 2. 0. Authors Leonard Gilroy and Julian Morris have explored the use of private Public Partnerships to compensate for budget shortfalls. Thinking about the governors approach or viewpoint from states issues of conservation and i go back to one of my predecessors, governor art link. During his time in Office Company grappled with the expansion of cool my needs and electrical generation during that time it has been explored and developed a north dakota is a huge generator for many, many regional states. But understood the economic value, the jobs, salaries and taxes generated by this economy and wanted to make sure to promote it and take advantage of it for a north dakota. That he understood if we are going to protect our environment to preserve our strength, we had to do it from home. He said, i am unwilling to benefit the television on the east and west coasts. He talked about when the landscape is quiet again, how he wanted it to be in the future and now is were here, we must a kid ourselves to the work of developing policies and programs that are workable, affordable, sustainable so that we too can be involved and are in or can be involved in developing Public Policy to preserve and protect her wonderful land and Natural Resources. It is your experiences and knowledge and observation we are looking forward today. We look forward to your input and know you will help craft could Public Policy that will help keep our Natural Resources and land the way we want them to be. Thank you. [applause] thank you of the secretary shafer. Secretary mentioned to dominate, Natural Resources her state of virginia. As i hand code in the corner. Thank you for being here. Delighted to see you. [applause] i am delighted to join secretary norton and secretary shafer and members of the Conservation Leadership Council today. Before we engage in our open discussion, ill give a few additional remarks to provide details of the papers and a little bit more flavor it with the council is all about. And how plants, Environmental Issues are barely a blip on the screen of political policy dialogue amid the furor over the fiscal cliff. For many conservatives, Environmental Issues often depict resistance and concerned that these issues are synonymous with the government and big economic reasons. Beyond the headlines, the picture is more complex than encouraging. Beyond this headline, the vast majority of americans, those gathered here, including conservatives thought Environmental Protection, restoration and enhanced in a secretary shafers so eloquently indicated. Many solutions consistent with longstanding conservative principles. Fiscal responsibility, limited government, market entrepreneurship and innovation in personal accountability. Many Solutions Spring from conservative and concepts. Conservation council is putting these ideas before america and the congress, the halls of state legislators and among leaders. Energy, natural hastert, half the lands and wildlife. These are not democratic issues. They are not republican issues. Here she is for everyone in every community. Consider how americans think about these matters. Some 80 of those are a great deal or fair amount about river, lake and reservoir pollution and water supply issues. 76 remain concerned a great deal about air pollution. Even issues unrelated to human halls pulled very strongly. Plant and animal extinctions generate concerns among 65 of americans. And let us ponder a few sober and Health Statistics this nation. In the 70s, 5 of kids who are overweight. Today that number exceeds 33 . Of those onset diabetes is now showing up in children. High Blood Pressure is affect the children. Fewer than 10 of kids received daily physical education. Even fewer outdoors. Thats a bond is breaking between the young and the natural world. This is not okay. It is not okay for democrats. It is not okay for republicans. It is not okay for america. Whatever the headlines in washington and the American People one of thermal protection, there are conservation of land, water but you. Conservation leadership both as can be to broaden and strengthen the nations environmental conversations. I know im going to get up on conservation conversations and 10 during the morning. Its galvanizing ideas that fantasy ive intersection between environment, economy community. The Leadership Council cast a broad net for policy ideas to protect issues. Ideas that use markets in partnerships and incentives. I guess its safe onion address Environmental Issues. Today we unveiled six papers that are taking environmental problems and Solutions Using ideas. Consider a secretary norton noted the need for parks and open space to save those children i just mention to secure their links to nature. One author examines how public credit partnerships can keep parks have been in flourish intensive very tight state budgets. They attract some 725 million visitors each year, more even than National Parks has some 6000 local sites. Many of these parks are in trouble with infrastructure and shrinking visitor services. Partnerships offered to advance preparations. Over 100 u. S. Operations seyfert used this model. It is not a train. It is not something hypothetical. New york citys central park is operated by a nonprofit organization. California. California, my home state is already moving forward with the partnering concept for many parks. The authors of the coc paper explore this option and how to address such issues. This is not easy. How to address issues of quality, access, resource protection and challenges. Several authors have assembled here today describe partnerships among ranchers, landowners and state and federal agencies to enhance plant health and wildlife populations. Jerry burnett to carry think i was there, to authors here today will be talking later. They are authors, but they are also do worse, deeply engaged in bringing landowners together to solve the current problems. Another author that the energyefficient and how to richer federal buildings to save money and energy while dramatically reducing pollution and other emissions. In 2009 mckinsey report estimates that a 520 billion investment in Energy Efficiency building retrofit would yield savings and efficiency of 1. 2 trillion by 2020. That is a win for the environment. Its a win for the economy. So why dont those investments have been . The conservation leadership role offers stephanie grace into challenges. The returns on investments are positive, they may be lower than alternative investments. Sometimes the Building Owner to pace capital cost is not the user against her Mother Energy costs. Brittany describes sources of capital such as Program Related investments funded by foundations to pay for retrofit. Another paper looks at the coral reef, offering ideas for investment protection, often overlooked economic livelihood through some 500 Million People world wide. The reefs are in decline. In some places, those declines are dramatic. The coc authors read what sin and how will that take user fees. They look at reef nursery painting payments and other incentives for protect team in enhancing reefs. Psalm clc papers emerge from underground newspapers. Jerry burnett describes the challenge the partnership of ranchers and others. To get a big concert 120,000 acres under conservation easements, issuing these are available for wildlife and aquaculture. Theyre saving water through irrigation efficiency programs. Some of the clc pokers baby springboards for the application of ideas to other challenges. Cities across the nation are looking for better, cheaper, smarter ways to meet infrastructure needs. Sometimes, perhaps often that means going natural, invest in floodplain restoration, open space and permeable servicing a mother should projection. Cost to address natural disasters has steadily mounted in recent years. Ecosystem protection and restoration offers significant, often Cost Effective strategies for impacts of these hazards. This nation can address infrastructure barbato problems better, cheaper, smarter and that is a message with broad bipartisan appeal. Theres an old saying the world is divided into two camps, those who dwell on its imperfections and those who celebrate its working parts. The Conservation Leadership Council is turning its sights to this work confirms. Policy tools that omicron practices can bring this nation and communities clean air, clean water, abundant wildlife, Energy Security and safe communities, tools around which a nation of Diverse People with diverse ideas can address significant environmental problems while sustaining a robust economy and thriving communities. Now im going to end with those remarks and now its your show. But i want to start by pointing to two of the authors we have here in this audience. And i want this dialogue to be about tough questions. On this market stuff is not easy. All this partnering doesnt flow smoothly. Beside issues to address in it about as we apply ideas. Im going to turn to terry think houser. Terry is with the Colorado Association, on the Leadership Council and is author of one of our papers. Terry, there is a conundrum your paper presents. On the one hand, its all about trying to build markets in the concept of protecting endangered species. Yet those very markets are built on the foundation of a regulatory statute cant endangered species act. So how do you see the blending of those two concepts on the one hand market and on the other hand, regulatory foundations that make them possible. When i call in people, please do stand and wait for the mike to come to you so we can hear you and catch you live on air. Thanks, lynn. Its a really good question and they question all of the sinister and have been interested in what would be here or we struggle with the notion of how to recreate those winwin situation. I think youve accurately captured the notion that the time is now. Theres a time for discussion and a time for action. I think what our membership, what producers come producers, landowners in colorado relies is theres almost a billion acres of Agricultural Land in this country managed by less than 1 of the population. Its a tremendous conservation reservoir. Landowners are eager to work on issues. But they understand challenges the regulatory environment, specifically the endangered species act and how they participate and its necessary to participate in detection and recovery of species. The big challenge is how do you do that in a way that landowners will trust and engaged at a level thats meaningful. I think we all recognize that. So that was a question that challenged our membership in many states memberships in, most organizations being challenged with today. One of the notions we understand and only then are the marketbased programs. Work commoditybased industry. We do with contracts. We do with a grimace every day. For for Performance Space that we dont survive. Why cant we apply that model to something the conservation . Why cant we go out and look at Something Like the greater stage for a tortoise or a fish and engage landowners are incentives, but also through some assurances that their actions are going to be performancebased, but also recognized into the future. To that notion, we are trying to develop in that sense a change in colorado that engages the regulated industry of oil and gas, the conservation big things like avril culture and agriculture producers. The Conservation Community to transact marketbased programs in order to keep the species off the list because we understand that the end of the day and by 2050 we have to produce as much food as we have total in the last 12,000 years and its not really an option for us not to engage in conservation because its much like the food we produce is a societal demand of value. Thanks, terry. I want to give Jerry Burnett an opportunity to speak, also one of our authors. The question i have for you is your paper describes the partnership of landowners working the federal state agencies, conservation market is nation and one of the issues youve tackled her grizzly bears. Its an interesting i think kendall if you will of the very discussion we are having more broadly at this meeting in the Conservation Leadership Council. On one hand, the grizzly is a symbol of wild places and there are those passionate or the guardianship of those pairs. On the other hand, for others it is a symbol of depredation, folks tried to learn living on the land who secretly says intruders. Deep conflict and yet somehow on the ground, that community has come together in this managing grizzlies. Can you talk about how you make that happen, how you overcome the steep device, those passions of the greats in old . Thank you for the story of how we address that issue. Your headwaters to the Columbia River basin. Its fair to say we live in a fairly productive grizzly bear habitat environment. There are more grizzly bears per square mile in that area than anywhere in the country. So the question is, how do you live and work and play in that environment . This conflict came to a head in 2001 when a hunter was killed on the game range in the blackfoot. Theres been increasing conflicts of the population of bears continue to grow, but that really addressed the issue for residents in the watershed. The really addressed that issue is the organized what we call traditional landowners and ask them for their perspective about what public managers. Theres also a significant Partner Program that helps plan those issues. So what they cannot put through that conversation and again like today, were hoping this will help extend these Lessons Learned from places like ourselves and bring lessons back in the watershed. We developed a series of tools to partnerships that addresses issues and userland undertreatment tools. Read what partnerships partnerships with public agencies. I want to emphasize these are voluntary incentivebased tools. They address issues related to conflict. To reduce conflicts by 96 with grizzly bears in 2001. We address livestock. Programs are trying to reduce conflicts and land i read me again and subsequently trying to remove with a call boneyard scum of your chart situations, unnatural process of loss occurs in livestock operations classically those are pulled off in a very attractive, create conflicts and drama animals into those livestock operations. The second ascent seemed. Grizzly bears dont like electric fences. Its amazing this big scary animal does not like this is not the kind of sense to protest. It will knock you down. So its very high in its defense wednesday put the fence up, you have to keep it active. Its not put it up and walk away from it. You have to maintain access in this highintensity fence. The Third Program that came into a few years ago was the range Rider Program. The range Rider Program in essence is a communication mechanism. Theres an awareness piece, a presence on the ground and getting between where bears are in such a human presence issue that helps. Quite frankly it builds relationships and communication that landowners. Producers are as you would expect suspect and are interested in creating and maintaining livelihood and being part of their communities. So what they dont want to do. In cooperation with state fish and game and fish and wildlife service, those were bears are, kind of a different story, but is very actively engaged in building trusting relationships, a very huge part of the program. The result is a huge acceptance of the program at the landowners is a voluntary incentivebased program is to reduce conflicts if i set operations, hunters and recreations like it because it reduces conflicts for folks. Long story short is like this program here, its about conversations, sharing information and am listening to a folks do in implementing programs that help them continue to be in production. Thanks again for allowing us to be here today. The next day standing because i want to follow up. To give people a sense of the complexities and also creativity, i want to belittle my dialogue with our authors. So far we are all warm and fuzzy. Everyone is talked about what they are doing. The Colorado Association coming together working on a Recovery Program in the context of energy development. Youve talked about the 10th issue of grizzlies, which has caused so much controversy and yet here you are solving the problem. But what cant you do . The blackfoot challenge has been around 20 years. Ive heard jim stone, chairman of your bar talk about the 820 rule bubble sort of late 20th site. What are tough to really address and why . Publicly that thing we have been addressed is weve got a very deep committees that address these issues. These come from conversations with people in the community. They dont start because the courses would you think is the problem . With us into the people is that in the watershed and what needs to be addressed. Weve address water quantity issues. Weve got an irrigation efficiency can assured use in drug response. The one thing would have been addressed as Water Quality issue, a very different animal if you will. Ill characterize that in the words of david mannix. Thirdgeneration rancher, very wifes family, relative to maintaining the lifestyle within the watershed. David describes it this way. The bears come on my property the resource came and created a problem. David managed what is called the total maximum program at the Water Quality program that looks at issues in the watershed. David shared this committee that manages this program. Now which are going to do is say now these issues of Water Quality are emanating from my land. This is a very different issue than the problem of coming onto my land at helping matricide. Its a contentious issue. Well continue to have conversations. For now going back into communities and helping address that. The fear david had another side is the way we describe the pmb work, Water Quality work is a dark room and shine the light tent times and decide with the room looks like. Its not very exact team. The problem is that looks exact and when you present your local population and that was davids big fear that people will say what we need is more dialogue, more conversation and understanding about how we can address these issues. Of course are feared as 10 or 15 down the road if we dont address issues, who attended the Water Quality issues arafat in water at midnight to be in a position to respond to that in a voluntary incentive. Thanks, gary. I will approach something you said, but im going to probe it by then rebels to sitting here. Been with the System Administrator is the Protection Agency for a while. Solutions need to be local. Local solutions really can be event construct it. And yet of course waterways like the Mississippi River flood banks of the Colorado River about interconnected. They flow through multiple states. How do you think about the nexus between the locals and the inner connectivity with the broader watershed . Im going to get you to respond as well. If things are local, the problems are local, how do you connect them . Your thoughts as you work on water. To having to stand . Yes, please. In the first all, i think you mentioned questions in that it got a lot of applause for your remarks at the beginning. [applause] im used to being in this position and it is one of the most difficult when there are downstream and packs with the upstream Property Owners are collaborators have to sacrifice in some way or collaborate for the benefit i removed from that deathly to fingerpointing. One of the most important principles, with a on regulatory consensus builder or a regulatory enforcement official is still the cited the need for local stakeholders to be bought and am committed to the solution and that the way you can act, whether it tnd l. Or other jurisdictional issues usurpers of focusing and im Property Owners, those of a real stake in the matter and find them facilitators who had some credibility to help transcend the different bureaucratic insurers optional lines are too given in the way. Im going to go to ed now and get your thoughts on the nexus between the local and regional and national and how you sustain out local voice and yet the issues that go beyond that. Im going to go to doug in the back there and one of our councilmembers and asked the same question on Water Quality. If you are dealing with landowners and people in the agricultural world who are undergoing their practices, which may have been associated with them, some of these loadings in the water, how do you address those challenges and will they do it . But before you get to that piece, ed, local, regional, national . I think doug and alex are much more capable in answering this question than i am but i think the perfect example about the interaction between local, regional and state and federal Government Works in the chesapeake day. Gary mentioned in his comments the situation. By the way total maximum daily load for those of you not immersed in the Water Quality issue. The federal government has measured and sets forth the total National Daily load for every state going into the watershed, however in the chesapeake day theres a federal mandate for reducing nutrients flowing into the bay and the tmdls has been lowered by federal mandate. The federal authority doesnt have federal but they can set the standards. The states have generated their own programs and policies to figure out ways to reduce that tm pl or the load of nutrients going into the chesapeake day. Out each state has developed a program that is unique to the state. Its different than pennsylvania or maryland, but then the role is, since the bay issue is not a state issue and a regional than what happens is the epa is an overseer of the state program so the state programs are developed locally with local conditions and local operations. The epa then comes in and says we can verify the nature and reductions and we can be a facilitator to move those reductions or trade those reductions because of their different local program so we have a local program and the federal setting the standards and then you have the federal government saying we will figure out a way so that the states can interact with their own unique problems on unique row grants to solve the problem. Doug, or secretary secretary schaefer has introduced the chesapeake day into this local state and federal and you are right in the middle of that. Virginia is in that. Can you talk a little bit about that relationship and the role of local folks and virginias perspective on engaging them but also if you would reflect back to something gary said. There are concerns by all those agricultural act years, fears, concerns about their economic livelihood. How does the state of virginia under your leadership, how do you think about addressing those in ways and principles we are talking about. Thinks lynn and i definitely am somebody here to learn, not to put myself out as an expert on the stuff but i was going to bring up the Chesapeake Bay because most of what we have talked about has been western oriented. The Chesapeake Bay effort to clean that they has been quite a challenge for a number of states and part of that challenge frankly for folks here who are interested in finding sort of ways that we can improve the environment as well as do it in a marketbased way has been a challenge. Even for the democratically led states and we have an epa that comes down on each of those states in a hard way. Specifically talking about agriculture. In my state a group feet agriculture people on a voluntary basis are enormously good players but they are doing it on a voluntary basis because they are afraid of the epa coming in and implementing specific requirements or agriculture so we worked very hard to stay ahead of the curve and keep agriculture engaged so that we dont essentially we are trying to protect them from the epa. Industry has been a great player in virginia. And virginia. What ive been trying to do with the epa is get them to focus on real metrics that show improvement in the day. So for us, its been you know how are the oysters doing . How are the crabs doing . How can we actually measure specific environmental indicators that show the bay is improving . So we spent an awful lot of time measuring those kinds of things, again is a sort of surrogate of that Water Quality. So that is essentially been our point in trying to show epa that we are doing everything we can and virginia to achieve the tm pl. So you raise metrics and this is one of the issues that a lot of folks are concerned about market approaches and including the coverage that you mentioned are concerned about. How do we know what we are getting . And how do you go about establishing those metrics. Im going to turned back to syria and get your response to this. One of the resistance is resistances to some of these kinds of efforts has been how do you measure the stuff and i want to tell a story about the epa administrator. A long time ago at the advent of epa and even before it, he was the early Environmental Protections administrator for the state i believe in indiana. He tells a story about their inability to measure air quality and that in fact was why they did not use a can then based approach. How clean are we getting by doing things . Their best measurement was something they called a dust bucket. They put it on the roof to see what fell in. He tells that story because he says that is partly why we ended up with some of the prescriptive regulations we have, the smokestack scrubber and so forth are in some ways as we get to this stuff we are a little bit in that situation. How do you measure progress . How do you know when the species is doing better . Do you measure the length of the grass . Do you measure the number of species, then thats . How do you get agreement particularly when its so complex . Can you address that and then im going to go to alex and then Greg Showalter has a comment. The metric is important and i think its important for a very fundamental reason. Its about trust. As we talked about outcome based conservation, think be at the landowner, be at the conservatory, via the regulator and the metric is the piece that goes into that equation to standardize that discussion. We found that landowners and how we connected the value of the metric is it really brings into the equation the notion of connecting the economy and conservation together. That is where the metric allows for that to happen through transparency. You have to bring that back to marketbased approach in order to get implementation. I think metrics are very important that they also have to be developed in a transparent way that benefits whatever you are trying to conserve. Otherwise you will lose that trust in the system. I see Greg Showalter, you had your hand up to Say Something and then i want to go to alex h. Conservation Leadership Councilmember to talk about ag as i know he worked on a. Thinks lynn and thanks everybody for what youre doing here. I think its really fantastic and overdue. I just wanted to observe that what im hearing and what you all are saying about the difficulty connecting local people to these National Policy programs is that i think between gary and terry, it sounds like it really boils down to something fairly simple, which is individuals, whether they belong to a local community or not, need a better way and if they have a better way to assert their interest in producing conservation then we can get more conservation done. So the blackfoot, the home of the river runs through it that really demonstrates why areas are so important to people. Im either talking funnier this microphone is not working. I think we have some dynamic microphones here. See what they have done there we go. In the blackfoot what they have done is organize the counsel of their own to figure this stuff out. It needs to be figured out by a cooperation negotiation in that way they are better able to assert their interests. Marketbased approaches like in colorado and others like texas where you are able to measure the value you can create an actual transaction so just like a consumer in the economy you can assert yourself by what you pay for or what you sell. I hope im on track here but it sounds like that is the basic idea. If people can better search producing conservation personally or through a company, then you will get more conservation done. Alex, if you could comment on that question, we have together a couple of threads here. We have gary who said you know these Water Quality issues are tough and they are tough for us because, what was it that togo said . Set . We have met the enemy. Its tough to look at yourself and say im the deep you are here and i need to do something differently. On the other hand we have dug in the back saying do you know what . We in the state of virginia are working with ag folks on these Water Quality issues and they are coming together but on the other hand looming in the back as this little threats or concern about riggs. From all the work you have done with the farmers and i know you have worked a lot with them, how do you get them engaged . Yes is solely that spread of rag or is there rotter motivation . Are the benefits to them beyond perhaps avoiding regulations. Ultimately some of the ideas that secretary norton and secretary shafer and the council were talking about may require more than that regulation. Some other kind of motivation to get them to the table. So alex . I talked a little about culture and some conflicts and opportunities that i see where we can overcome most complex and deliver conservation outcomes more Cost Effectively. That is the one of the things to improve performance outcomes. Just a quick story. Im not a farmer. My family has a farm. I grew up on a farm. We have had that farm for 250 years. Lynn talked about a point on the map, the Environmental Community had circled and said this piece of land is not protected. She said wait a minute, thats my land. That resonated with me. We have had the land for 250 years. That farmers and occupy it by invading armies twice. We defended it with firearms and blood twice. To say that land is not protected as offensive to me. There have been two major environmental damage is on that farm in my lifetime. One when i was five years old and the federal government built an interstate highway through our prime habitat. We hunted deer and endangered species. I probably couldnt happen today. When i was a teenager there was a flood, camille and the federal government ran its bulldozers right on the trout stream river that runs through our farm. We now have the blue ribbon chub river fishery, a blue ribbon trout stream fishery. That made me think that maybe we need to think about how we empower environment outcomes differently and one of the things we have done is we have said thou shall not pollute. Its a great thing to do but we havent embedded those kinds of opportunities. We produce apples on our farm. We really like apples and do lots of things with apples and its part of park culture. We have a conflict between the creation of opportunity and the ability to pass that farm on to the next generation. The environmental outcomes, that is the problem. One of the things i think we have got to do is think differently about how we solve it. We produce apples on the farm. In the end i dont care about apples. I care about the farm. If i can make a living producing clean water, endangered species, things that are scarce and rare, rare [inaudible] at puzzles me that if you have an endangered species on your property, thats an economic word and. It puzzles me that if you have water that runs off of your farm thats an economic word and. Instead we ought to incentivize the production. We have to incentivize the production of clean water and resources, the very things that are scarce we need more. With great incentives to establish the. We will have to double the amount of Food Production in the next 20 years. Right now is a great time to be a farmer but we are missing the opportunity to create those kinds of incentives for the production of environmental conservatism. We took the easy steps 20, 30, 50 years ago to say thou shall not pollute that we didnt have a way to measure the outcomes of environmental production. When you look at a farmer it may look as flat as this floor. The farmer probably has a gps on their tractor, gps on their combine, gps on their fertilizer applicator and they know where to put the inputs to maximize the economic outcomes for that. We have completely missed that boat in the ammar middlefield. If we start to say, how do we invest our their conservation inputs where they are going to have that are outcome that is going to revolutionize conservation from reduction. Production. Whether its working with folks like ben to help the epa think about the regulatory solution and had we build a culture to use incentives and markers to improve conservation outcomes, working with folks like brent to figure out how to get the public owned treatment plans to invest in more efficient ways to produce more quality . We have to get the sectors talking to each other and we got to create the environment as an opportunity rather than an impediment for the future of particularly family farms. Im going to open up wide open to questions but first not let secretary norton off the hook here. Secretary norton, you said in your remarks that much of the Conservation Leadership Council and its principles really a line with your vision of corporate conservation that you articulated when you were at the interior department. With that vision of course come challenges, and i would like you to talk a little bit about your experiences in those years and have the vision, have some leadership capacity to try and make it happen. What do you see as the challenges in many ways those are challenges that these policies face more broadly whatever the venue . When youre talking about corporative conservation projects, you start with an area of land that is managed by a federal Government Employee and those people have the idea that its their responsibility, its their land. They need to figure out how got to be managed. They have statutory mandates. They have congress telling them that they ought to be doing things in a certain way. They have the Environmental Community saying we have to protect this. And so, the usual approach is just to say, we will get some Public Comments that we the federal government needs to decide what we are going to do. And it really takes a lot of work to break out of that mindset. And to have federal employees reach out to local communities, have some of the people in the local communities quit doing more with each other and sit down and start talking. Be found countless examples of people who started down that approach on a small issue and found they could actually talk to each other and work out their problems. There was one of our managers working with the new conservation area, newly established and they needed to figure out what areas should be put into wilderness and what areas should be available for recreation, the hikers versus the people who wanted to ride horses. It was very pleasant for hikers if they could go on the trails that run and bikers who warned that compatible with the hikers. We had a lot of different interests. In the when the land manager finally got everybody together and they were able to say, lets do this over here and that over there and work out a solution, suddenly it made the federal officials job easier as well as producing a better outcome. So there are so many examples but it takes a lot of communication to take those inspirational stories and to make that available to people in other areas so that they can learn. That i think its part of what we are talking about here. Its not just with plant management. It applies to many other types of them are mental issues. Once you find those success stories, make them example so that other people can see them, the word is just getting out and those kinds of approaches can be used effectively provide environmental benefits in many other places. Im going to open this up to comments and by all means please bring us into the city if you have those kind of issues. But im also going to prod you a little bit. Thus far the discussion has been very very gentle and we have talked about collaboration and potential intersection of federal, state, local, the ability to work with the endangered species act and the regulatory emphasis and get nonetheless introduce these markets. You know if im a concerted out in the audience i might be saying well wait a minute, we are still talking a lot about public lands and a lot about reflation here. Where is the private sector in all of this or are there actually some wholly voluntary solutions . If you have thoughts along those lines by all means introduce them but you dont need to go that pathway. Just questions for secretarsecretar y norton, secretary schaefer or the councilmembers that are here. And i have teaching in my background so if you dont raise your hand, you will get called on. Yes . I am mark gorman and i want to applaud your work here. My question is terry mention on the ag cited things having to produce twice as much food. Even over the next couple of decades. How do we avoid the International Market pressures totally swamping the incremental and very important market gains that we can do here within the u. S. And locally and regionally . And can we communicate these concepts and bring them up to that level, then i guess the question, what is the role of the clc on the rest of us in doing that . Ahead do you want to take an initial stab at that and then any other comments or responses from the audience on the western. I think the answer to that question mark is where are we going to go with this and how do we deal with that . The answer i believe is hunger. We have a growing population across the world. We have a declining crop yield situation all over so the trajectory of declining Food Production and increase population is just not going well. As people get hungry, they develop food or tried to seek food in government anarchy often results. I believe what we are seeing in the Global Market force today is to deal with that issue the important values that the United States of america can put on the table comes to bear the values i think of how we treat the land, how we treat the people. What is happening in some countries is, because we are not able to export our technical capabilities with equipment, with seed production, with water and fertilizer regimes, we are not able to come to countries with our expertise to increase food reduction. So when the effort of hungry people, some countries get an and raise the land and exploit the people for the shortterm gain a food productioproductio n. We cant continue to allow that to happen and is hungry people continue to cause problems, we very much need to be able to export our capabilities for Food Production and i think that where we will change the face of being able to export those abilities where governments are persistent, when government wants control and they dont want the United States cole interference, where they restrict certain crops or ways of growing crops, that changes when people get hungry. We have started to see that move in 2008 during the high Commodity Prices and people couldnt afford the issue. But 5 million kids a year die because they dont have enough food in the world. We in america have the opportunity to promote the good stewardship of the land and a productive capacity of Natural Resources to feed people. Its going to come from people getting hungry. Im going to follow this thread a little bit and go to three people. Im going to go to quinn with Nature Conservancy who operates worldwide and often at the intersection of that group of strand conservation, indeed your mission being right at that intersection. Get your on how youd address or think about addressing those pressures as the demand for food expands. Then i want to go to jail moore with the farm bureau now but i know you usda. Then i want to go to frank lloyd. Im going to frank because they know we went to brazil together and we went and met with some ranchers down in brazil including assistance farmers and really were looking there at how brazil has tried to manage that intersection between agriculture production on the one hand and protecting its tropical forest. So let me start with you. Bag and food and how they think about that and people are hungry. How do you transcend that and get the food without raping and pillaging the land . Lynn thank you and congratulations to you on the council. Its really a fantastic and the program this morning was really thought provoking so thank you for bringing this together and thanks for the question. Im with the Nature Conservancy. I think you on the chin what we do. We are a Global Organization in agriculture is really risen to the top of argento for the last couple of years so its one of what we call our global priorities that we are working on and that is across the night dates as well as other countries around the world. We come at it from the standpoint of our long years of work with farmers and ranchers and agricultural producers. So i think the secretary framed it well. We are coming out from the standpoint of how do we work with landowners whether they are in iowa or in brazil to sustainably intensify their production. That is a mouthful so i will impact that ridley. Its really about how do you produce more on the same agricultural footprint with fewer inputs of whether its water or fertilizer or Crop Protection . We come in from from the standpoint of how do we help those producers become more productive, increase their yield and their income while reducing the Environmental Impact of that growing production. We have had great experience in brazil with some very large soy farms and cattle ranches as well as an appearance here in the United States also with a range of farming and ranching practices. When you come at it from the standpoint of how do you help that landowner or producer become more productive and to the point alex was making, we can see Great Potential and we are seeing a great impact at the local level. The challenge we are thinking about heart and thinking about about with this question so now that i have the mic i will throw it out to the room. We have seen good impact place by place so we know this approach can work but the challenges are growing very fast. We heard about the demand for food doubling by 2050. The way that food is produced today does have an Environmental Impact so we have to move very fast to sustainably intensify and help those producers produce more with less and reduce environmental but in. The real challenge is how do we scale those faster than they have been able to scale today . We think some public Public Policy incentive will be needed for that. What is the right producer friendly approach to get to those faster than we have been able to get to today . No visit roaches can work. How can we solve the extent of environmental and economic challenges . Can i ask you to keep standing. Im going to ask another you another question before he got to deal. I just picked up on something that alex said. I like apples but i would be happy to invest in species protection and water connection on my farm if there were market forces. I know tmc has worked in ecuador so lets bring ourselves back to back to the city are the or the link between the city and countryside. In some payment ecosystem services, payment for nature if you will wear the city needs water, the countryside has it and tell a little bit about that. Does this fit into this discussion about how to give opportunities to farmers but ones that are commensurate with the Environmental Protection . Yes, very much so. We borrowed an idea from new york city which he now has paid farmers in the watershed to improve Water Quality and we brought that idea to latin america starting in quito ecuador. We are now working in over 30 metropolitan areas across latin america to prevent create water funds. Essentially we are pooling resources from local water companies, Hydroelectric Companies for reliable water. We are investing those resources and have her watershed but helping those local farmers become water producers as well as agriculture producers. It is the kind of approach alex was talking about. Is beginning to work. We are still trying to measure, the point about metrics measure in terms of Water Quality and water quantity that the mechanism works. It getss energy going between the users of the water, the users of the resource in the producers of the water and we are pretty excited about it. We are now bringing it back to the u. S. Looking at water funds in the southwest for example where we see those areas will be in the most part stressed in the coming decades. Thanks glenn. So gale, gale, the larger question, environments ever culture worldwide, thoughts . You do this whole teacher thing very well. By the way my daughter also says my arms are connected to my mouth and unless i can fling them around my mouth doesnt work so that explains that part. My mother was my sixth, seventh and eighth grade math in jacobi teacher. One of the challenges and to throw a little bit of ice water into the whole discussion if you will, we see these discussions that go on and Collaborative Solutions that sit down and Work Together and embrace that citybased roche resolving some of the solutions. Wheres the trust factor . Its a pragmatic skepticism at times that we never seem like the boots on the ground folks, it never seems to be get credit for the things we do. We see the challenges whether producing for a troubled and hungry world. That recognition tends to take a backseat to the fact that there are a number of folks, many of whom are around this town that really dont want a solution so much as they want an issue and when they start getting close to resolving a lot of these issues then we find whether its an individual farmer or rancher or livestock producer, its the poster child of and so we are encouraged and we love to engage in these kinds of dialogues. I am curious as to how the clc collectively and individually approaches to two former cabinet officials and two former state officials. When you have to sit down and work out a solution and then help maintain a firewall to protect a farmer or a ranchers ability to make some Real Progress for you know these types of goals that we have set forth and at the same time recognize them in a way that helps educate the public acrosstheboard that we are making partners and we are having success and dont forget the farmer or rancher that lives next to you. Secretary schafer, do you want to reflect on that . Well, yes. I do. I think dale brings up the perfect example of a trust issue. Again back to Chesapeake Bay. When i was way working for the state of pennsylvania pennsylvania on industry Reduction Program for the watershed cleanup project, we went to the Pennsylvania Farm Bureau and said, here is a program that can reduce nitrogen runoff going into the watershed from the agriculture community. We think this is a great solution because the Wastewater Treatment plants complain that agriculture is not doing enough. This is a good solution. Its voluntary and it works well and the farm bureau and pennsylvania was very nervous about that. They said if this works, then the epa or the federal government, some will come in and make a solve and that will increase the cost of food is going to go up in and the world will disappear as we know it. So it took a period of more than one year, almost two years to work with the farm bureau to understand that if a 25 millionpound reduction of my church and has been allocated to agriculture and pennsylvania and in one operation loan you can remove 2 Million Pounds of nitrogen. For a couple of handfuls of large operations you can remove the required amount of nitrogen flowing into the chesapeake day. That means you meet the standard this Standard Guidelines and the pressure is off all of the little operators and the Small Farmers and the municipalities on a smaller basis. It was a long trail but the Pennsylvania Farm Bureau said we agree that the initial reaction was, we do not want because of it is we are we are all going to be in trouble. Now, having the process it makes a lot of sense. The effort to understand how transparent, honest measures can be used and the outcomes can be juxtaposed to the measurements allows the people to support the programs that you need to put in place. I do want to go to frank, back to the International Setting in brazil and your observations on that nexus between them are meant and economy and then i want to come to gale and switch gears entirely and go back to the state park concept that you talked about in your opening remarks. So, frank . Thank you, lynn. We did travel to brazil together. I have never seen a more energetic learner than lynn. She actually recognize most of the things that we saw including something that i think you have never seen before. Its important to know why we went to brazil and what it tells us about the subject we are talking about today. We went there because he wanted to find out how brazil is doing in its effort to reduce the deforestation that was taking place in the amazon. The first thing we did when we got there was we went to a slaughterhouse. I think lynne and i looked at each other and we said we didnt sign up for this. What does that have to do with deforestation . It turns out that brazils effort to avoid deforestation or produce it was to enact a law that required certain landowners, many landowners, to take a certain part of their land, a fraction of their land and keep that in a natural state, meaning basically tropical forest. But there are so many landowners that the ability to enforce that was limited and therefore they used the two techniques. They used big agriculture like cargill and they used slaughterhouses. The slaughterhouses were given a fiscal help in the form of loans if they committed to only buying cattle from land, from landowners that was in compliance with the brazilian land love. So this is a method of implementing a law that was intended to reduce deforestation. But, the essence of the outlaw was a very definite encouragement into the rights of the landowners. They had to protect a certain fraction of their land and not that it be cut and made into pastures. So they mixed a standard of 20 to 21st 30 of the land had to be kept in a natural state with a private enforcement system. I thought that was an interesting technique, but the essence of it at the beginning of it was a rule that says thou shall not take all your land and make it into pasture. And that was possible in brazil i think in large part because the president president who pushed it through was very popular, very popular. The big question was whether it would survive his tenure and i think the answer is it has but only in part. So, what have we learned from that . I think we learned that what i learned from that anyway and i would be interested to know if len agrees with that you have to start with a standard and that standard for goal or standard or Something Like that, and that will cause change. That will be an encouragement into private property. Its not easy to see how that can be avoided. You can arrive at that level but if you have a serious problem and you dont set that standard level, its not clear to me exactly how you get to where you want to go. On the other hand, the method of getting their is open. It got to be very flexible. At least that is one of the things that i learned in brazil. And it does lead me to one question that i will put to you and you can address it whenever whenever in the session you want to end that is when we talk about today, and i think this has been a really constructive conversation by an organization that i am so glad exists, which is the one that you in the two secretaries put together. But the question is whether if it is true that Climate Change is going to affect every piece of property we are talking about. Whether this organization is going to be able to address that issue, which is of course the issue that caused the land law in brazil that you alluded to. So gale im going to turn to you to do two things. One, to respond to that question but prior to that question, and among many conservatives, not only here but around the country, whether that premise that frank put forward is necessarily true. Terry and his Colorado Cattlemens Association described endangered species act as kind of the flaw if you will or the motivator that drove some of your effort. Do you have a different way of looking not . Do you see for example a brill situation operating in the holy private market context or holy incented taste context . What are your reflections on that and then turn perhaps to the climate question. There are so many things that we have heard people describe today better based on a corporative approach. I think the endless creativity of people to address those kinds of things and come up with solutions is in part what we are talking about today. The statements that are going to work in brazil are not this is fairly things that are going to work in north dakota. We have to have people involved in finding solutions that will work for them. Let me sort of take off on a whole different tangents. In talking about the issue of Climate Change, there are so many voices talking about that today, and that is not really something that our council has addressed directly. It may be something we look at down the road but its not really something that is part of the proposals that we are talking about today. There are some related issues. When i deal with agriculture i often look at it from the perspective of water rights and that is an issue related to Climate Change, related to crop production. And i think it provides a great example of why there needs to be a conservative voice in this process. When we talk about water shortages and most of the projections are that we are going to have more and more demand for scarce Water Resources in the coming decades, and it can be a source of great conflict. From a conservative perspective in looking at the rights that have the faults of people who use that water, who in many legal regimes on that water right, and others come in and say well we need the water further purposes so lets take it away from those people who have it now and put it to other uses. That is a prescription or disaster. Its a prescription for never being able to solve those issues. You end up in litigation. You end up in conflict. You end up with people fighting about how that water is going to be allocated. When i was at the department of the interior, we recognize that the southwestern u. S. Especially with growing populations and scarce Water Resources. How do you start a system that is going to allocate that water effectively . Use it through market incentives you use it by recognizing the Property Rights of those people who owned that water today. If you recognize that farmers on a water right and somebody from a nearby city that needs more water comes in and says what we are just going to take that water, of course you end up in a huge conflict. If you come in and say we can pay you to put in some improvements in the irrigation system that is going to make that irrigation much more effective. Its going to save 30, d. , 70 of the water that you use the defense of producer crops effectively, you can find ways of cool operating and that have a tremendous effect. If you forget about those basic concepts of markets and recognition of initial Property Rights, then you lose those opportunities for corporative gain. I will add to that, one of the papers very interesting the materials you have i Stephanie Ripley on Energy Retrofits for old buildings, for example in new york and elsewhere, is a compelling look at the prospect for markets, investments in Energy Retrofits that ultimately have very significant impacts on reducing air pollution including Greenhouse Gas emissions and at the same time a proper return on investments. Naturally a person in the marketplace will say well that isnt happening. Anybody looking for a marketing opportunity yet to be there and she points out there are structural problems between who has to pay for the capitol cost and who benefits from the reduced operating costs. She points sometime they return on investment is positive not as good as the same money invested elsewhere but she then goes on to talk about these very creative private Investment Solutions that could have some dramatic impact so i think thats another example that is in direct. The papers about climate but it would have very indirect implications. I promised i was going to turn to the state park issue and im getting this nearly time to conclude. I do want yale to talk a little bit about the state park issue and the concept of arabization of Publicprivate Partnerships goes back years and years. I remember the discussions when i was that at the Reason Foundation many years ago. Yet theres an awful lot of nurse this about the concept and people raise legitimate concerns. Will such partnerships, contracting approaches results and commercialization of parks in the way that they are not intended to be . Will it resolve all those visitors serving heavily impact what to babies and leave behind those wild places . Thoughts on that as we round up and conclude your. When you talk about park management, you often are faced with the question of maintenance and how do you deal with the infrastructure . How do you spend the money that it takes in order to maintain a park . When you look at that in example a. Federal government context and the same kinds of incentives operate at the state and local level, if all of your funding is coming from a legislative body, you as part managers sit there and say okay how do we get money from the legislature . How do we get money from congress . We dramatize what our problems are. So, when i was in washington the first time around in the 1980s, the park service was look at budget cuts and so what did they do . Day the washington monument. They shut down skyline drive, which is the place where members of Congress Like to go for a drive on a weekend. And so they did the highest profile things to show that they were having Serious Problems and really need to have that money. If you have some more creative of roaches and more Publicprivate Partnership approaches, some of those maintenance needs might be solved by having private companies, and an build or maintain a historic golding, build a Visitors Center and then be able to recoup that investment. And that is a mechanism that works very well in the publicprivate contexts. Looking at user fees. We are new situation today where everybody who is over 62 can go get a park pass for 10. They get them into every National Park for the rest of their lives. My husband and i are very happy to be looking at that in our future. It doesnt make a whole lot of sense from the perspective of how to to do you best manage the parks and get the resources you need for managing parks. So the paper that is them our report today talks about many of the practical things and looks at many places where the Publicprivate Partnerships have been very beneficial in providing recreational amenities, and protecting the environment to resources of parks and some very practical things that the legislature could look at to see how they can avoid shutting down a park and instead continue to provide this recreational opportunities. I am told i have time for one more question, so is there a bitter out there . Yes, we have on write your. This is an impressive group. You have the ears and eyes of probably the entire conservative movement when it comes to the environment and conservation. So i turned to your peers and colleagues, secretary norton, governor schaefer and others on the council. So you got everybodys attention. What are you going to do now . That is a perfect way to wrap up. Gale, why do he make a comment and then secretary schaefer. For me this is all about inspiration. I like the idea of getting those good concepts out there, getting good ideas out to everybody because you plant the seeds and make them grow in ways you never imagined. I think that is a great part of what this organization can do, is help through our roundtables, through our papers, through communicating with people to spread those great ideas. Find where something is flourished in one place and provide that insight. So we would like to take some of the principles that are important to us both in terms of recognition of individual rights, markets innovation, American Ingenuity and spread the word about how those would be applied to Environmental Issues as well. Secretary schaefer . Again i want to thank you all for coming and i know we will continue the conversation over lunch and be able to figure out what is next. The interesting thing about the council has been it started with the spark of an idea a little over two years ago i think and i didnt do much more than say yes, i would be a part of it. And it has risen to the point today where the input from people has generated these papers and this book in the roundtable we have had. And the important thing is the council is dedicated to listening to the people. We are sitting here on the top of the hill overlooked in our magnificent capital of the United States of america, knowing that the policies and efforts of this country are generated by the people. We need your input. We are going to to continue to do roundtables. We want you to not stop the conversation today but start the conversation today. Get the webpage, conservation. Org. Read the comments and look at the input. We will continue to develop a conversation that we hope will generate Public Policy at the state, local and federal level to help with conservation across this country and beyond. So we are just starting. I think with that note im going to wrap up although we have lunch coming. But i want to reflect on the work that my favorite philosopher yogi berra. As we look at this inspiration and office Forward Momentum he once quipped, the future aint what it used to be. So, lets move forward to that future and lets have some lunch. Thank you. [applause] ÷÷÷nn x hollywoods most famous movie star leads the film b. To help the government sell war bonds. Irene dunn, ronald colman, heavy labard all part of a contingent of some 50 screen celebrities giving their time and talent to the national war effort. What we want to look at today is how Popular Culture prevented the war. How was it presented from the 1940s . How was it presented in comic books from the 1940s . How was it presented at athletic events from the 1930s and 1940s . How is it presented and tin pan alley and music from the 1940s . In a few moments the election assistance assesses their recent election. [inaudible conversations] are great. Welcome back, everyone. This is the pacs continuation of our roundtable and issues at the 2012 election cycle. We have just finished up at their first panel and i was a panel of election day workers and individuals observing the election as they actually worked the election day process. For now going for a second panel, the panel of academics, researchers and media. Again, reviewing our processes for the 2012 election. I want to thank our panelists would willingly agree to be your and participate in this roundtable. We could not do this without their willingness to do it and on behalf of eac, we are grateful for your expertise. I will turn it to meryl who appear moderator for this panel and the rest of the day. Thank you, alice. Again, welcome, and thank you for joining us this morning and for those of you joining by webcast, thank you for either returning from this mornings session are joining us here. The purpose of our discussion this morning and throughout the day is to reflect back on the 2012 election cycle, which of course includes the november 6th election, but also includes the runup to it, primaries that preceded it decodes as Election Officials, election planners and researchers, we realized the separations are constant and ongoing and overlapping. So todays discussion will really probably focus in many ways, november 6th election, but im sure it will expand beyond that and talk about surrounding issues leading up to the election and most importantly for the eac and election colleagues is the identification of the go forward issues Committee Issues that need to be identified for Subsequent Research and ultimately for subsequent action. Then we have with the panel today really a broad range of researchers, advocates, crack dictionaries and what we are hoping is that your viewpoint, your unique perspective on the election will become a part of the mosaic of all of the input we are soliciting today and will be used by the eac to guide them through development of best practices from identification of policy issues, but also the local and state level, comparable strategies for improving the election operation. I was joking a little bit with night before the panel this morning about her experience as faculty members and the often challenge faculty members have been so regulating their time when they speak. I want to remind everybody on the panel that we have a hard deadline of 12 15 and we would like everybody to self regulate their comments or at least look at me from time to time to see if you are running up on top of your deadline. What i would like to do monday to stay with you this morning to do what we traditionally do, which is ask individuals to introduce themselves briefly and identify from your do with the issues that arose in your arena, in this sphere in which you work on elections, what you saw a come at any observations you have is a distinction between the cause and effect. We heard this morning with poll workers on election line and they did a great job of taking down into causation packed juries, but osos lacing the salami pretty thin in terms of waiting lines and working lines so to speak. So if you were, opening comments, your observations. Well work around the table, end up with dorothy and at the end of the the two similar thing beginning with dorothy, which is what is your price . What are your takeaways . Falluja face Election Officials . Will reach you guys to identify its priorities and Going Forward . With that, don, well start with you. And don rehill, director of research and tabulation for associated press. I started this business i guess he would say in 1983 as a researcher for News Election Service at the time and that the continually involved in research and election tabulation for the media i guess you would say since then its 2003. Ap has the unique Vantage Point on this election. We had a busy year with 40 election how 174 elections and caucuses recalculated. November 6th was the big enchilada and we had this huge network with euros that the research is News Networks collect genius in the early voting. In the runup to the election. We have used Election Night operation. For the only source for open wide results in many states the only source. As part of that operation, weve stringers in virtually every unit in the country, counties and most places. We have hundreds of people in entry centers, analyst at the data in our news network in the field, so we have a dirty good facility for seeing issues and problems and trends i guess you would say. We have a bias in that we look for things that causes problems with an interest other folks on the panel appeared more interested in things that make to these accounts specifically or affect the accuracy of the count. And we generated make a rule of expecting and preparing for the worse, which is not hard to do as they got ready for this election because we do redistricting year, number one. 10 states in the runup to the election considered essential tossups, which makes everybody nervous because a narrow margin makes everyone nervous. New laws regarding voter i. D. , changes to early voting periods, shorter, longer in a couple cases. New state and county election reporting systems come either websites or whatever. A lot of long ballots, of 32 before and a huge, debilitating hurricane, which airfreight before the election and debilitated large parts of the midatlantic. As a matter of fact, headquarters in midtown on the website and looking downtown, nothing the likening of manhattan, large parts of the boroughs across the hudson river. No lights, no power. It was kind of a taunting increase the feeling to think elections would be held and pulled off in jurisdictions the next day. I decide to throw up or come the kudos to new york city, new york state and new jersey Election Officials especially who did administer elections successfully and that was like a war zone. It is a Disaster Recovery in the middle of a disaster recover the pope of Election Administration which is remarkable with your work extensively over the country, preelection and Election Night and we value and respect him a lot. On the bright side, we knew there was very little voting equipment change, different from 2004, 2006, to does make him one never was heard about changes in voting equipment. Few places that changes in their primary voting equipment going into the number six general election. So that voted well for technical problems. Its equal to 150 reporting units really changed in the encoding to put it type from one type to another. Sorry method for tracking problems improve every sake only good do have a bias for things that affect us in times of academic interest perhaps. We did note a couple states have delayed counts and extended voting because of long lines, indoor problems. Counties and towns of mumblings. A few voting equipment problems. They were less than in previous cycles actually. A lot of election day registration delays. Somebody did allude to the voters lack of preparation because its available on the web what point please you should go to. Its not the voters fault and a majority of cases when theres problems and delays come to sometimes they show up at the rock please see the most readily available data place where theyre supposed to go to, so thats a fact here. We didnt see any huge systematic issues. Much better than the worstcase scenario. Id be happy to pop and what where we did observe issues. Part of the problem and pollen i were just discussing here he speaks later were still digesting information about advanced setting and provisional voting, so we cant conclusively make official declaration about this is that, this is down. We look more closely at provisional voting data as it becomes more available. A couple states where provisional ballots cast were not, trying to figure out why. Cant make any conclusions yet. Penn state may have to do with the new voter i. D. Law, but im not going to say anything yet. A lot of data is not available for full analysis. We did and it totally note instances of long lines in United States have been about management to part of the reason for the proliferation of that phenomenon i guess he was say this election. But i guess the main point i wanted to make is we didnt see any huge worstcase scenario, systemic problems. As we do every election we saw problems all over the place. Some states have statewide issues. Other states are great except for one or two counties where everything was horrible. Id be happy to pop in when jermaine has the discussion there is here. Thank you. I want to comment on one thing don product is not its per se is generally perceived as very good , but its important to note that Voting Systems, although very well tested and well understood Legacy Technology for tabulation is now only one of many, many systems used in elections and off to the challenge is an deployment of election systems, whether Election Night reporting, implication systems, et cetera and i think for both the media and voter to distinguish between what is a Voting System versus the election system and the implications and we heard a lot of discussion about a type of election system, a voter checkin, electronic poll book, which checked at least not part of the system and from the Voters Perception is a deeply a deeply to that system and is therefore part of the system. I do agree that use the Voting Systems that perform very well and some other systems that have proliferated, some of their performance is being analyzed. I am elisabeth macnaara, president of the National League of women voters. And he cannot work on, the league of women voters was directly out of the fight to give women the right to vote. I really appreciate the inherent have been an opportunity to let their observations to this discussion because historically, one of the first things that the newly founded league of women voters did in 1920 when women got the right to vote rescinding tory state election laws and look for ways to let all these millions of women who just received the right to vote get them information they needed to access the process and that is something the league has been doing for the last 92 years. So we are a federated organization, which means we have affiliates in every state and we were observing this election from that day. Weve taken on two roles during an election and during a major election cycle. The first is we advocate reform of the process. We do that at the National Level or the state level often by working with local Election Officials where we have the elites in order to improve the process. The second major, major role we play is to inform and empower voters to access the process to have the information they need. On the last panel, i was struck by comments at the end of the round, discussing the need for voters to take more responsibility to get themselves informed and be better prepared when they enter the polling place and that is a role the league has taken on over the last many, many years. Not only for a man or his and women, but all voters. Litigation unprecedented level of dvd over the last couple years leading to the 2012 election because there have been many, many changes to election law. Not so much the machines we build on what the way we gain access to the polls, that your process is voters are familiar with, how they register, who they can register with, whether they can register to vote on the same day come but they do have to register 30 days before, whether they register with an organization like the league, they take time to register what they need to produce in order to be allowed to register. But they need to bring to the polls in order to be able to check out the electronic poll book. A lot of those flaws were examined over the last couple of years. The leak was involved at the state level and discuss cmos with their state representatives and one point that i want to make Going Forward and coming back around is one of the concerns we had been advocating for reform of the process for dealing with the aspect of the voting process was the number of laws enacted across the country based not on the kind of information were hearing here from actual poll workers for state Election Officials, but really on assumptions. Since we are an organization that believes in tax, advocate from facts, those extremely disturbing. And we were concerned because as we were discussing here, the big enchilada defended his fix. Theres a lot of election selection of number six, some states more than others. Primary elections in wisconsin going to vote about every two or three weeks for a while. As election laws were implemented, we are having an opportunity because of b. Workers. We do have observers on the polls. Preparing much interested as a group of volunteers that these processes work for citizens. We were anticipating and were concerned they would be a great deal of confusion when we got to the polls on the part of voters and poll workers, on the part of Election Officials, we received instances in which Election Officials were not posting the correct information on websites because it is changing so much. All of that culminates in what the voters experiences on election day on favorite will affect and implications for what the voter experiences on election day. Those are the changes he sought an election law of the reasons we have long lines, whether they are of reasons we as many provisional ballots, configuring some states whether thats the case, we dont know and we need to know so we appreciate the opportunity to have these discussions can make sure as we move forward to reform the process and continue to talk to Decision Makers on a lot of what it is voters experience on election day that we have an opportunity to have the actual facts, that we cannot assume just because a voter presents some form of government issued photo i. D. Is going to solve the administrative problems that exist in our elections are really reaching the point by election day, where we were hearing that was a lot of assumptions being made. As i go around the country and talk to folks, i hear if only people would show an i. D. Clearly one were talking about the issues that hurricanes can be over issues that came up with long lines, none of that has anything to do with some of the laws being passed. So getting facts out there and getting folks to understand what the process is all about cover distinctions and access to the process versus the machine you go down versus the systems around and come in making sure youre in the right polling place, making sure you get the ballot youre entitled to and vote for the people that represent you. Is there things we need to continue to talk about and certainly there is an Organization Gathering data are so somewhat numbers experienced on election day, what we observed as poll observers. But what we at least here in the media and panic totally is that we would expect to get in the lead up to this election. We appreciate the opportunity to contribute in any way we can to make sure decisions we make Going Forward are factbased. Thank you, someone cared paul. Thank you. Thanks in particular to emmili jones who has made my life rehnquist is really. My name is paul gronke. Im founder and the Early Voting Center from a nonpartisan policy Research Center focusing on early absentee voting and have actually known karen on base more decades than a day to admit. But over that too many years university of chicago. Ive been studying Research Methods for about 30 years at this point. I want to respond very, very briefly and allocate my time. Preceded to comments in the previous panel. When im ongoing poll worker training. The hot new thing in the academy are these massive Online Learning centers and i urge Election Officials to look at some of these companies not because you can do with voting Dollars Companies can do, the technology to produce videobased training has gotten easily accessible and expensive. If you look for ongoing training, thats the place to go. Second is no cell phones and have to react to that because i notice everyone in this room is ignoring the no cell phones admonition on the sinus are lacking here. I understand you cant take a picture, but to be on a cell phone is that most people use for information. So thats just odd and i think legislators may want to look at that. I prefer, is focused primarily on early voting because thats what most people expect to hear from me at all to brief comments on the academy. All the fuss about my colleague and friend, Michael Alvarez across to me. The revolution in early voting first emerged on many readers in 2008, the quietly growing the last quartercentury. One thing that 2012 is this not not quite anymore. Virtually any elected official, Election Officials, candidates and citizens missing early voting starts on dates ongoing. It is altered dynamics of american election. What changed in 2012 . One is that the calendar, when early voting starts and ends on election day was longer in 2012 in general than has been in previous elections. The reason for that is the anticipated impact that would standardize transmission time for military and overseas ballots in many states chose and local jurisdictions chose to mail domestic absentee ballots at the same time, 45 days. Now there are concerns about absentee voting issue can see expressed quite commonly in the recommendation before that i will repeat again here the state and local officials try to break that link. Theres a reason to mail it out across the globe at the same time you need to know when across the county. The second change, not really a change in 2012, but if you track early voting is 2000 comets and increasing 50 in each federal cycle. The rate has now plateaued. Time i were chatting before the session about what our current estimates are the percent of ballots that came in early. Somewhere between 30 and 35 is where we can do. That is approximately what we saw in 2008. The contrast with the 50 increase we were seeing. We dont quite know why this is the case, why it has plateaued. I have some thoughts on that i can share with people afterwards, but that is something in the future for an election official. You can plan for the number to go up to 50 from 75 in some jurisdictions is doing that. The third thing for 2012 with respect to the lines as ive been contacted by states and jurisdictions about we can fix the line by putting in early voting. The problem is data into the snake collected by michael and charles steward, partnership at the pew center and the state is the average early voter waited longer in mind than the election people. To repeat, early reading voters waited longer than election day voters. You cannot implement early voting is a solution to lines. Theres a capacity issue. So its not necessarily early voting. Two other rave comments. One reflects on path. We are not tenures out and theres been substantially to be in the academic world after the 2000 election and i want to comment briefly on that. Many of you know there was a lot of Academic Work after the 2000 election to understand what happened in that election. You may be less familiar with the second wave of research, which is appearing now and thats about the right time. Weve got enough data and information. A number of monographs are coming up. Mike alvarez and his colleagues have a recent book by david campbell, a number of articles. I know you dont want to spend your time reading Academic Work, but theres another wave of good policy oriented work coming out of a new generation of scholars produced. You know, graduate students at 2,002,004 another phd some scholars of the future. The future is bright for continued good work in this field. The second closing comment is pleased on election day survey. The election day survey senses is an absolutely vital piece of information, really the only consistent, reliable, natural source of comparative information we have about election performance in the United States. United states. Undersecretary states and local officials dont like to respond to the survey, the processes and procedures have been put in place with a consistent set of questions. This is an absolutely vital piece of information must continue to be funded. In addition, i hope we continue to have funding for the Research Wing of the eac. I hope the Research Agenda is not set to the legislative process, but more autonomy given to the Research Staff to attend despite the calls for proposals. I think the Research Agenda must continue. I hope we dont stop, the continue forward. We didnt have a meltdown in 20 told. Good news. If we give up on the scholarship, i think will potentially see another one in the future. Thank you, paul. [inaudible] left back good morning, everyone. I am barbara arnwine, direct her for civil rights under law, which runs the Election Protection coalition. The Election Protection coalition was founded roughly right after the election debacle in 2000 florida and weve been operating Election Protection is a program ever since and really our first up ration was in 2001. We are composed of 150 nationalized state wide, local grassroots organizations that are supplemented by the resources of 200 law firms. This last election, we have paraded 28 centers. We had omicron operations in a rickety jurisdictions. We had 5300 vehicle volunteers and roughly 2300 grassroots volunteers. As you can imagine, im very grateful for the opportunity to comment on the recent 2012 election. The Lawyers Committee will be issuing for Election Protection in nature report this month. So in two weeks you should be able to ask our analysis based on the roughly 190,000 calls we received, the grassroots reports from these jurisdictions and everything else. Our basic code inclusion may be different from what you heard in the first panel because what we saw was that this election in 2012 demonstrated the American Voters are willing to overcome barriers to make sure the voices heard. The Voting Rights Community Prior to november 65 huge battles over photo i. D. , early voting sites, voter purges, accepted practices, voter intimidation and limitations to Voter Registration opportunities. So its not difficult to understand where the boating community is expecting the bottom to file that election day. Fortunately, on election day the majority of challenges we saw were recurrent. They were chronic problems that haunt our election system. They have to do with Voter Registration, you know, long lines, but one of the biggest problems we see in what troubles us most is so many are preventable because one of the biggest problems is misallocation of resources and voting equipment. Undertrained coworkers and underserved polling places. Malfunctioning machines. Problems with absentee ballot not being received a voters. That probably was one of the most heartbreaking set of calls we received repeatedly. The spanish polling locations. However, these comic problems voters do with every election cycle, which we have not documented over 10 years for Election Protection were exacerbated the cycles because of a nationwide effort to party some on the person Election Officials to manipulate those by which voters were able to cast their ballot. Thus the great tivo is, Voter Registration restrictions on other obstacles make a deadly impact how long voters have to stand in line to navigate this myriad of confusing rules and the frequency of provisional ballots be an issue. Again, we believe most of these are preventable problems. We think obviously the legislative battles had a lot to do with the problems. We are troubled by the poll worker training problems. In fact, pennsylvania and others, does so much respect capuchin across states. I could go through a number of instances. Im not going to, but i will say that resize the major problems. Misapplication of voter i. D. , especially michigan and ohio. And what we saw was problems coworkers refusing to issue the affidavit in michigan because they didnt understand how it was to apply and then they wouldnt issue provincial ballots. One of the problems out of ohio was the misapplication of the voter i. D. Rules. Poll workers in several counties were reportedly rejecting ids and voters for us to cast provisional ballots because they would not accept the outdated ohio drivers license. The other problem we saw was impact on communities of color. We can talk about all the voters in the world, but community of colors, people with disabilities, seniors and students through the brunt of the issues. Characteristic in that muck texas the voter i. D. That of the wage, who were an act that . Africanamericans, latinos, racially discriminatory set of his low income voters. Early voting in ohio weve done a study and recommend to you in Cuyahoga County showing how much people of color lab early voting so when their restrictions it has a horrible and act. The other thing we thought that was troubling for us, we saw all kinds of issues, but we were pleased that a lot of the issues we saw another jurisdictions we didnt see in ohio because we think people ought to look at some of their planning that is the result of a lawsuit and the league of women voters that we found in 2410 saw the real benefits of that planning and recommend more states talk about it. One thing which the eac with her into the attention of states and governments and asked them to really come up with new standards in life is how they hope first responders. We talk a lot about realities of people impacted negatively by hurricane sandy, who were displaced, tragedy families went through. One of the most troubling recalls who received for the Election Protection hot line was a call from a cat to another unit at 8000 outofstate workers and they came from all 50 states and none of them because they were deployed last minute had done absentee ballots. And they all were disenfranchised because they hope their fellow americans, but there were no provisions for them to vote. The governor says its a state of the for their own in terminal first responders, to think about the thousands of outofstate responders. And we did right at the last minute to a lot of these governors in the various states. The roots of all 50 states to save please absentee ballots, emergency process, implement for outofstate workers. But i think the response was definitely less than desirable. So at that i will stop when we come back on recommendations ive got a whole lot to say they are. Thank you so much. I hope it is a whole lot in one minute. [laughter] it will be. Thank you, barbara. Gin. I am jim transport. I have 40 Years Experience with nonpartisan Voter Registration education and accessibility for those of us with disabilities. I want to commend the eac for this hearing and i want to echo something mentioned by dawn and the leak. There is a lot of data we still do not have. Its extremely important that the session is happening early after the election, but i encourage you to click up an additional session when we have much more hard data. In the case of people with disabilities, the data we do not yet have a rocker university did a poll of 3000 voters, comparing disabled voters but ablebodied voters, looking at the text patients no audio no audio [no audio] [no audio] would go in their actual experiences. The National Council on disability, which advises congress will be to a Neighbor Court later this year. They collect as many stories, and total stories of actual experiences. I want to commend the Election Protection organization. There are over 400 specific as to what these issues in the database. Lastly, the u. S. Census will be releasing later in the year data on how many people with disabilities actually voted. It will be broken down by category and types of disabilities and in the cases that the larger jurisdictions, there will even be data. There were 14,700,000 people with disabilities who voted in 2008. That is still a 7 cap between disabled and ablebodied voter participation. Poll worker training is extremely important. Some of the problems we saw in the selection, but previous elections that link back to poll worker training machines be turned off. The poll workers pressure people not to use the machine. Poll workers quite an approach really looking at a person with a disability insane this happens over and over again. That is the legal. It is morally offensive and it happens lots of times in every election a month to places. I want to commend the district because they used testing after training for poll workers. I think that is essential and its not just to teach with the poll worker knows, but to teach Election Officials book points the training is doing well on an book points the training is falling down on. I also think as complicated as elections are a godless poll workers workers for volunteering. But the Guardian Angels of our democracy, but this is such a complex process that the idea that you can train somebody to write efficient and makeup lowers, when the last time they did this was a year ago is a dysfunctional notion. We need testing to see what is absorbed by poll workers do we need longer training periods. A problem that came up to the Election Protection data and which we have seen in other elections, there is need for this product saves on how to help people who are unexpectedly in the hospital on election day to vote. Insight lewis county, the Election Protection coalition straight to meet with county officials for nine months to shake out what the rules are the to assist people in the hospital on election day. In the case of just one woman who found out on monday she had to go to the hospital for emergency surgery on tuesday, and this voter called the board of elections on monday, called on tuesday morning. It took six additional calls to get someone to bring a ballot in the hospital when one of the Election Protection volunteers called at 2 00 in the afternoon. That volunteer was told by the county, weve had so many requests for assistance to vote in hospitals that we are no longer accepting those requests. This page with these problems, it was a remarkably smooth election. People with disabilities have concern about the long lines. Many people with disabilities physically cannot stand in lines. Their bodies will not let them do it. We need a best case on how that should be handled. I want to conclude by pointing out some recent research thats been done, where theyve actually taken ballots and conduct good time trials to see how long it takes a voter to vote given a particular ballot, giving different systems. And theres a couple of interesting things. This needs more study, so i want to reinforce pauls point about hard research. Lets make decisions about elections based on fact, not an ideology. But in the case of the Broward County ballots, it took a paper ballot. It took five minutes for an individual to vote, using an Experimental Technology it took less than a minute. I think we can use actual scientific methods to a travis and taoist not only poll worker training, but also the whole problem with the queues on the whole problem admitting to scale. Thank you very much. Thank you, jim. Good morning. I am jennie baldassare. For those of you who arent familiar, we are surgically per professional organization. The support legislators and staff in all 50 states and are also not part of think tank. We do research on any issue that must come before the legislature. In the area collections, the most common information request i get is a legislator or a staffer calling the thing in introducing a bill to do x. What did the other 49 states do . Decanter state election laws and doses since 2001 on election legislation in the states. Before florida rushed the court, we didnt do a lot with it evisceration. The good referendum and can in finance, the election of frustration was pretty quiet and thats because we werent asked about it too much. That all changed overnight. The day after the election i started started taking price could and representative soandso will do that. Next thing that prescott is this the periods are attempted in a spreadsheet in the next thing i know its 100 pages on and now fastforward to 2013, i have a robust database has between 35,045,000 bills. So thats a pretty nice set of data and respect for 12 plus years now. It allows me to make comparisons that things happened this year, howd it happen been in the past. One thing ill say about this election legislation leading up to my surprise you is the volume of legislation was lower than it normally is. The Second Lowest total number of bills passed in a biennium since i started tracking legislation on this topic in the total number of bills passed in 2012, which is in a lot of ways at that time to pass election or farm legislation is the lowest ever. So in spite of increasing attention we have seen on elections since 2000 from the past crease and litigation has doubled since bush v. Gore. In spite of all that and Media Attention and Voter Suppression versus Election Integrity debate we read so much about the past two years, whats happened than a normal year. Some of the things that did happen were more highly politicized that it has been in the past on the system and growing gradually over the past decade or so. The politicization. So we saw voter i. D. Laws enacted in 11 states joined biennium preceding the 2012 election. We saw early voting. Swoop back in about half a dozen states. Some of these have been very late in the process. Passing a major election changed the voter i. D. Was i imagine, im not a local election official, i imagine its probably quite a nightmare to see that happening. Then we had the litigation that follows to make changes. Some of that with a set of cell immediate leap before the election and that this insurgency and Election Officials, also voters of these two confucian, and explaining difficult to do. Even though we saw glass legislation enacted that we typically do, it was more controversial, mark polarizing end of his later in the game than it usually is. So having sat back on the everything stated that so under the radar this year. I talked to the media the last cup years, all anybody wanted to talk about was voter i. D. , early voting. States around the country ran contrary to this Voter Suppression versus Election Integrity debate that was set up for us. A big one i want to is Voter Registration. Seven states that the tape on my encoder registration is designed to transmit itself or the coming again and. Im expecting legislation on this. Half a dozen states adopted the legislation with those centuries. Registration list maintenance. 16 states major vatican or administer procedures. The selection not its about a major postelection i procedures, including risk limiting audits. 36 states, probably more dissenting to facilitate voting by overseas and military citizens. Two states adopted registration, not a place for 2012, but Going Forward. So these are Election Administration changes that can address problems we heard about from so many people today. Those centers might help to reduce the number of provisional ballots, and profane maintenance procedures, another thing. Postelection knotted skin give people confidence going into the election without these changes at the last minute. This returns the results were getting. Some of the issues we look for in 2013 and mentioned already. Electronic Voter Registration. Theres their decoder ip in a dozen states this year. Some of the state to pass federate the were not able to because of partisanship. Maybe they have a governor or when she and her of the legislature with the opposite party and that has changed is the comest expect voter i. D. In some states are not able to pass it last biennium. A lot more attention to the early voting period. Many states are shortened or adding back in the last week in the sunday before election day. In view of the storm that hit us a few days before the election, states will be looking on how to handle collections and an emergency or disaster. There would be a lot of legislation in the electoral college. None of it will pass. [laughter] thats my prediction. This is an ongoing game we play. Everybody introduces a bill to change the electoral college. But they never happens. But the really big issue we pay the most attention to preparing ourselves to support legislatures on its voting equipment. Everybody needs to buy new voting equipment in the next three years on the question of what to buy and how to pay for this a big deal if state legislators Going Forward. Already. I wish i knew everything you know about this coming down the pipeline. I often see the only law that governs elections is the law of unintended consequence and how many of those bills you reference in the thousands produced only the effect desired they would be interested in research. Thank you. And thanks for inviting me. I want to thank the eac and in particular atco pulse thanks to emily who did a wonderful job making my life very easy in terms of getting here. Like paul, ive been studying elections were not quite as long as paul. Use courier to me as you know does. Hes two or three years older. I count many years studying elections at about 25 years and a quarter decade, which when i say that takes me feel dirty old. Quite a lot of experience across the board in the world as well. Ive been studying specific issues about technology and it since about 1998 and since 2000 have been involved with the caltech photo project, which was the last few years or so, my colleague at m. I. T. And i have codirected. I assume most of you are familiar with our project. One of the presentations i prepared on the flight deals with Voting Technology project. But he wont get that one. Other for folks who are would say, which is voting to elegy. Org, which we should rate before the election that summarizes our work, Academic Work, summarizes perceptions and research to a changed since the bushgore election in litigation surrounding it in 2000 the 2012 election. But i focus on today and i guess the look of this presentation again. I do have four open on my desktop here. But i am going to talk about that echoes that of many of type that on the panel so far is really moving towards a really datadriven process of studying, evaluating and managing elections. I think from our perspective is where the future lies in moving towards a datadriven processes. Portends. But of course im slightly biased in saying that because thats what they do. I just did publish a book as paul talked about how to evaluate and elections. Im not going to flash it because there would be a little too weird a feed. But as coauthor is that all but one i , to fester at mexico. In that book we talk about datadriven processes for Election Administration. Go through a whole variety of sources of data. Some of those talked about today. We talk about how Election Officials and advocates and academics alike can take better advantage of readily available data of which there is an enormous amount these days given the web. Many jurisdictions, like i happened to be in los angeles county, where los angeles is. My election official is here and dean in particular has done it a lot of work in association with us and collecting voter poll worker surveys, which we think has been an incredibly valuable resource in helping dean and his team try to evaluate their process and think forward to the Voting Systems Voting Assistance assessment process as what it would look like in los angeles county. Weve done this kind for surveys nationally as well as collected in 2012 which are historic and they have been around that data that will be a think available sometime in february in terms of a written evaluation. Election observation in the previous fan of some undiscussed as an academic to be one of the most valuable things we can do, to go and stand in a polling place and actually watch people vote. Understand the process as it occurs. See the poll workers do, the problems people face on election day. Its been an amazing opportunity for myself. Election forensics we can talk about theater if anyone is interested is a growing Research Area and methods to detect Election Fraud and am happy to talk about that. And postelection audit. Which is published a book as well and postelection auditing. A lot of innovation in the area and are adept in on a sesame seed source of information for trying to understand how elections are conducted in a jurisdiction and learning how elections can be improved in the jurisdiction. In terms of issues i wanted to put on the table, issues studied with data. One is 30 been discussed. The dictation and legislation. 2012 was the stability legislatively, which i thought was quite interesting, but was also a period with an enormous amount of litigation