Transcripts For CSPAN2 FCC 20240705

Im one of those people who admit to going to davos. Cisco has the chalet on the promenade where you can go in and i i get a with it because you can watch in realtime what they are tracking nefarious activities on the global web. Im fascinated by the sources and how the sun moves and how cybernefarious activities move and i always thought connectivity created this problem. Do you trust the connectivity or should you hear it you look at that equilibrium point of how you deal with risk and resilience and what you should be worried about and whether or not we are getting it wrong. To make it such a great question and i think its a mistake to trust. I dont think we should fear but i think we should manage. I think we need to have our eyes open about the nature of the risk and its an increasingly interconnected world. 43 billion estimated 43 billion connected devices by the end of this year. Thats a massive attack and the mistake that you make is entrusting up to the point where we make ourselves brittle against a potential cyber event. I had the great honor of leading the great men and women in cyberprotection cybersecurity is not the goal. The goal is to make sure they take full advantage of everything the net have to offer. We need a certain cybersecurity to do that but at the end of the day if you set yourself up for a point of failure if an adversary a bad actor gets into your network thats what the resilience is about. Resilience is about doing what you can to keep bad actors out and do what you can to make sure if they get in, which they probably will they cant just have the run of the place and assume all of that is going to fail and how are you going to operate when that ransomware are at their malware knocks out the functions that those computers enable and how can you do it in an integrated way and we dont spend enough time on that. Since we are discussing security today do you think we should change our frame on protecting secrets or is that just an illusion . Thank you for asking that. I wrote a in 2010 called no more secrets. I sort of thought that was back there but i wasnt sure. So we should just let it go and put our secrets down. Heres how i talk about it. I talk about it in terms of training so few trained to fight in the dark and you meet your adversary at night or turn off the lights i believe the transparent world is coming out in the shelflife is vanishingly short. You think about it in terms of private security and what we just talked about. And all the pressures for transparency the ubiquity of information the idea that you will compete in the business by having a monopoly of information you know they are brittle plants. I say to my friends and National Security world of your plan is keeping secret some something speaker for any amount of time you need a different plan so thats training. We can give up our secrets today but we are quite ready for that but it means you should be pushing as hard as you can to operate and whoever can figure out how to operate with fewer secrets and less of a need to protect that information you will have the advantage. I want to know where democracies fit into this that and the polling with the discussion about ai and how ai can be so helpful and moving out disinformation and rooting out bad actors that somebody said ai can be used to generate misinformation so its ai one versus ai too to and they are going at it and im just wondering where democracies with normal practice of Civil Society is in that and what i mean by democracy or institutions, not just voting. Institutions and minorities. Where does all of that mush of democracy fit in a highly sophisticated tech world . It such an important issue and after spending 40 years during National Security most of my time today is to reinvigorate education in this country. How is it going . While its a bit of a but i have lots of great partners. In florida . Right . Lots of folks are out there that seriously bringing back that sense of Civic Responsibility in bringing that into step. We need to bring that possibility and the idea of selfgovernment not just for institutions that its up to each and every one of us into the education that our Technology Innovators are getting so that they have that sense of i have to be responsible for what i put out in this analogy that im innovating and working on it for a weapon. I have something thats larger than myself and larger than my company. Disinformation seeks to divide us, reminding us of our shared aspirations for government. It can be a way of uniting us for disinformation tells us democracy is irrevocably broken. Fundamentally broken in powerless to bring about change. That changes the promise of democracy. There general paul issued a new report as head of u. S. Cybercommand and security and an executive summary of this report are now and its interesting in the back of my mind not february 24 of february 23 russia put an allout assault, cyber assault on ukraine and this young guy fedorov who is head of all Things Digital and ukraine in his 32 years old is acknowledged he wrote who somehow secured ukraines incredibly digital important assets and also have fields Software Engineers embedded in the ukrainian workforce and a red of facilities report and i said thats an official big sounding report but do americans have anywhere near the capability and what we are seeing in ukraine today . Whether you think, what are our spots from nsa Cyber Command in our population and as he looked up yearold application application of this in a theater of war that active today does that stack up while . Ukraine had a clear wakeup call. Russia carried out in 2015 that attack that folks might remember two days before christmas where they take took out electricity for a quarter million customers. They got the power back on in six hours not because their i. T. Folks kick the russians out their system. Because they had guys who remembered how the it was physically laid out and they got in there and drove to the break her and manually put them back into place. Thats resilience. The ukrainians had a wakeup call and an understanding of resilient and we arent on that scale quite yet. And to be sure they have suffered consequences of Cyber Attacks in ukraine. It has had an impact on them but not to the degree that we thought it might. It takes time to get into system. You have to learn the system and learn the operation figure out how to do it to have greater impact but you can do that on your own time schedule and its very different from saying i want this target on this date right now. It we have always debated about the benefits of cyber. The last question and its fantastic that youve been out there basically pounding from every purchase had from security concerns of how to manage risk etc. But when you look at reports that lately show only 15 of american cyber tech is ready. Is the biden of administration failing to communicate the seriousness of this and are we not getting the leadership by the white house on these issues . Im not sure what ready means. I do think, listen to think we have come a very long Way Companies like microsoft and others out there who are working closely with their customers they are doing a much better job of protection. Ceos rank is very highly and i have sat on the nephra boards and boards are not talking about this and it general board meetings. I think its on peoples radar screen and i think where we have failed the most is as they say in this area of resilience. Patches and configuration of your network. Bring in everybody in your business to figure out how a successful cyber attack to bring down your business and brainstorm all the ways it could be impacted. Do you have enough paper and pencils and you have backup mechanisms so when that bad that happens you can keep working and thats a big deterrent. Youre saying to your adversary may be overly good at cyber that you arent going to have the impact you want to have. Is a famous journalist who we will remember decades ago when suzanne spaldings Terrorism Commission in 2000 issued a report if you go back and look at that report you realize 9 11 had not occurred and had we put in place those recommendations would we be in a different place today. Suzanne spalding, csis, thank you. [applause] please welcome congressman rick larson Ranking Member of the house transportation and infrastructure committee. The politics of porter will guide the conversation. [applause] thank you for joining us today. Appreciate it. I will just jump into theres a lot of news on the hill right now especially around the debt limit. No idea what you are talking about. Last week there was an incredible amount of news around Artificial Intelligence. I am curious are there any emerging technologies and infrastructure that you can talk about that you think should be prioritized Going Forward . And this is the exciting part of transportation. We pass the bipartisan infrastructure law that built on a foundation built in the 1950s but we need to start thinking and we have started thinking about what transportation writ large looks like so there was a bipartisan infrastructure law to do that to build a cleaner and safer system. The ideal the idea of Technology New emerging technology and how it folds into ensuring or helping us build that system is very critical. In aviation or issues of drones in the airspace and advanced air mobility and the age will be here in about three years and that is a combination of classic Aviation Technology as well as autonomous technologies, ai and when you look at aviation air Traffic Control there may be areas on the pesticide where ai ai can help air Traffic Controllers in the future in the airspace and their things going on with surface transportation as well put a lot of interesting opportunities out there. Safety have to be first. All the technology and transportation is one thing. People cant get safely from a to b its not worth the investment. We are getting to a point where members of congress can and wrapped their heads around Surface Technology or of the structure. Can you talk about an elaborate on the future . I havent thought about how chat g. Bt would apply to transportation just yet. But i think the role of helping folks get from a to b, if you are Consumer Travel and transportation thats what you want. Ai algorithms can cut down on time and travel faster and make the direction to take better. It was criticize the other day for reading maps and the reason is when, nothing against the on line mapmakers sometimes they are really wrong and is a member of congress about my step to know how to get to say ferndale washington. And without a map. The mayor doesnt want me to be late so their limits to these technologies. You still have to know where you are in the world in order to get to where you want to go. Lets talk about urban and bridging the divide between urban and rural infrastructure. The farm bill is something that you should pass in congress. Can you talk about any investments, Infrastructure Investments along those lines . I think this is an important part of the debate with transportation. Sometimes the debate gets trapped between folks are from urban or suburban or rural areas. If you look at states for instant, pedestrian injuries and pedestrian deaths are higher in rural areas on a rate basis and higher on reservations. The rate of accidents are higher in reservations. To bring together urban suburban in rural areas around safety and some of the larger programs we have megagrants. Those are grants that can be used in urban and suburban in rural areas and you see congress advocating even those whod voted against the bipartisan infrastructure bill they are going to rural and suburban areas and they are going into freight and pedestrians and bikes and building roads. There are programs that can bring folks together that help build a constituency for transportation. And second that will help our competitiveness and help in the investment of moving goods and services in people including areas that i work in. Speaking of rural areas, broadband albies the controversial point when we talk about that part of the country. What kind of initiatives are you supporting or is Congress Supporting along those lines . This is an area outside of the jurisdiction of the transportation committee. Inside the bipartisan and 1. 2 trillion total including a 65 billiondollar, five or 6 milliondollar in broadband alone. A lot of these investments are being deployed statebystate. We want to encourage states to do that because these have to be defined locally where these dollars go. The second thing we have been advocating for our better maps of Service Broadband service and the third is there is a spread of where those dollars go and not a Peanut Butter spread but were they need to go. Think back not that anyone ought to do this. Think back to the pandemic. I dont want to do it either but you might remember one story about Point Roberts washington at peninsula and Washington State that separated from the district. They are all great. But some of those broadband dollars are going to slack week last week going to it will make them in the future much less isolated if they have broadband system for wireless bride and system that actually works in the event of Something Like that. The pandemic is one thing. After 9 11 as well the border was closed so riding the bus the third, fourth and fifthgraders from Point Roberts into canada and other candida and to washington so they can go to Elementary School and that was the life they were living after 9 11 because the borders were closed. Its kind of one story how broadband can be used to reach out in the isolated area and help in the future bring those folks and everybody else in the event that something happens. You touched on the app and infrastructure issues specifically in the district. I will just say there is a joke on capitol hill that every week was infrastructure week and the president said i appreciate that it probably is. Every days infrastructure day every day. We are doing all we can to identify and help cities and counties identify the project said they need funded. I jokingly say im a member of the Second District in the mayor and a deputy mayor for small town in my district is want to help them get these dollars and apply them to get them to work for a very simple reason. If we do this again in four years and want every member of congress to remember how good they felt in the last four years to make it easier to vote for the next version of the transportation infrastructure bill. Thank you could congressman larson. It was great to have you here. Thanks a lot. Appreciate it. [applause] please welcome congressman steny hoyer chair of the regional leader should council. Steve clemons returns to lead the session. I get habitually used to calling our friend mr. Leader. Im not offended. Thank you so much for joining us this morning. Let me start at a couple of things before we go deep into conversation. I want to ask you and i dont want you to be nice to anyone. If you could run the show more directly right now is there anything you would do different to add to the mix of the moment . This is a phony debate that doesnt have much to do with the debt at all. Did that have to do if you spend money or cut taxes. Neither of which will be affected by the debt limit. Where only the country in the world that has a meaningful debt limit. Denmark has where my father was born in australia used to have it in a repealed it. Denmark never its a phony political issue met to pretend we are cutting spending by eliminating the debt. You go to macys and you buy a 200dollar coat and you charge it and you go home and you sit around the Kitchen Table and say now we are too far in debt with the limit our debt. Macys send you a bill for 200 you write dear macys ive debt limit of 100 so we cant pay you and macys send you a nice letter back and says oh we are very sorry to hear that and by the way you no longer have any credit and we are suing you. The time you set your debt limit is when you buy something or thats when you want to set your debt limit. The taking hostage of the credit of the United States of america have extraordinarily catastrophic ramifications which is why everybody does believe we are going to do it and they are appalled by this game has been played and by the way the democrats dont have a hand in this but i told people i will never vote against the debt limit. I should note selfishly would represent a matt gaetz if you dont negotiate with their hostage that was one of our reporters. Lets jump in the infrastructure. I am really interested i didnt answer your question but what i would do differently. What i would do differently and i saw in the paper i think the president does need to explain to the American People at this is about more clearly but i think mccarthy explained it in terms of its spending and the American Public says you cant do that. Joe bidens voice is missing on that. I think hes talking about it but he needs to come to the American People and say look i would urge him to have a fireside chat. In extremis you might not use it but its problematic and confidence building. It confidence here around the world that somehow america would not pay its debts. Everything around the world is dom nominated in dollars. So this is not just a domestic issue this is an International Global issue and its a catastrophic problem. Matt gaetz, some of them are saying go buy it and it will have a ripple effect. Thats not true. It will have gargantuan adverse effects. Regional leader should council. Leader Hakeem Jeffries asked you to chair a group of 12 democrats out there and is a think about it we have cspan watching right now. Theres a democratic channel and a republican channel and independent. Our spending on infrastructure, ira and how are you reaching yearold americans that wonder whats the connection between those billions of dollars . That is the point because the russian post had a poll showed 62 of americans said the last congress didnt do much. Anybody who knows and followed the 117th congress which was one of the most consequential Productive Congresses. We have had a Productive Congress but but this was one oe most productive of the ford vote majority in the trillions of dollars were to bring us unto the pandemic. And in the second instance to invest in america. We invested in our competitiveness and making sure we can grow jobs. One thing the pandemic tatis was we were relying on the. A producer of goods and the transporter of goods. The found we were not selfsufficient and we were not independent in that sense. We obviously participate in the Global Trading project but we also need to be selfsufficient so when the crunch comes as the pandemic implodes upon us we can make an american agenda for years which meant and as you know im one of the free traitors in the Democratic Party so its a question of making sure america can produce for itself that which it needs in times of trouble period. Thats what the chips and signs bill was about an infrastructure bill was about and reducing inflation bill was about. And thats what the rescue plan was about. This suspends extraordinary investment in congress could people dont know that. The jeffries and widen and his cabinet members we have 12 regions in our party. He appointed 12 individuals to serve on the Regional Council. Our job is to identify what we did. What are the things that are available for communities, communities, county cities and states. Secondly to implement what we did to make sure gets out to the people and to making a difference in the resiliency of and productivity of america and then thirdly and this is critical to inform people what they have planned and the last is investing in america professor joe biden talked about and very frankly thats what donald trump often found in 2016. He was going to do a trillion dollar m. For structure built, 17, 18, 1920 came and went and there was no infrastructure bill so biden is doing exactly in many respects what trump said he was going to do. Did not do. What it thinks its out there and im going to ask your team to give me a few more minutes on this. You said one of the things we need to do with that money out there is to get this permitting reform done preview or post to any more fossil fuels related permits anyone to permits. Isnt the debate between it and quoting some things about what you said like not wanting any more but is there an equilibrium point of both sides they can get that permitting bill through . Nobody believes that tomorrow we can be fossil fuel free in terms of reliance on our production in america. Thats not the case that we have to have both. But we want to do is make sure however we are not encouraging the expansion of fossil fuel because expansion of fossil fuel we know its harmful from a scientific and Global Warming standpoint so we need to move to a nonfossil fuel fuel incentive base. But it would be unreasonable. Then it comes to regulation at tomei environmentalist friends we have authorized a very large sum of money for new energyefficient huge. The biggest in history. And we need to get them done the sooner we get them done the better off the world will be and the Global Warming crisis will be. We need to make sure we have a permit that allows things to get done efficiently and effectively while protecting the amber but you cant wait years. The crisis is now and therefore those of us who want to see a cleaner country to win. When youre engaging the environmental progressive on the big infrastructure question and they have a lot of parties in the Environmental Organization parties do they realize those dollars are stranded if they dont get a pathway on this . This is a super huge part of the equation as as well and im just wondering if there is now an understanding because so many people voted on that side of the equation. I think the answer is maybe they do understand it. The president understands it. Obviously its hard to extricate yourself from a battle where you thought increasing reliance on fossil fuels in the permitting process. Drill baby drool has been a massive problem for decades. The transition is hard for them to but as we look at, blinken said as her problems are and do we need to think and act anew. It was a long time ago but its still true today. What we want to invest in our environmentally Friendly Energy sources and i happen to be a big nuclear fan so my environmental fans arent as respectful of that but you are going to get to where we need to be. And therefore huge Environmental Organization said just as we wrap up here im fascinated by the Regional Council and i did not know what is about. I know in your neck of the woods things like yearold point in baltimore opd choked if you will. What are some of the brandname in the headlights moments and infrastructure and also pushing people to get reductions and heating homes but what are some the big ticket items that you want americans to know about . The probability they know about the bigticket items. What they may not know or some the things that you are talking about today may not know about the broadband in their committees that may be next door to them they have broadband and those children whose families and to the extent they can broadband it will be expanded so their lot of things in this infrastructure bill and we are talking about roads bridges and highways that we have talked about so much more. Im going to tick off the couple of items here. Clean water. Flint michigan is the poster child but there thousands in michigan. They were the tip of the iceberg. The fact the kids were getting sick costs everybody more in their health care so if you help one person all this will be advantage and the internet that we just talked about. Roads bridges and highways we all think about that. Electric vehicles tremendous investment in electric vehicles so that we can get to some fossil fuels which we still have most cars running on, get to place for people at the competent i can plugin and this technology i see that we have invested in batteries. I can buy that on a car and rely on it. These are the kinds of things that can be so massive with what we have done. And its a generational. And informing the American People so when they hear people they are there using the federal money they will say yes they are using it and its making my life a committee better and education better. And commerce better. Final question and id love to go for an hour with you, what is your gut feeling . My gut feeling is we are not all dont you only need five or six . Some of us are. All we need are five or six rational republicans who want to stand because they always articulate including the speaker. In a speech on wall street he said the fault is not an option. That means if you whats the deal . We want to fall prohibited or per prevented and they want we both want the same thing. You make a deal and he negotiate with somebody wants this and the other person wants that and you have to figure it out and there have to be six republicans who will sign a discharge petition and save where or with going to avoid that. If mccarthy comes out this minute by the way there were only 15 people to vote for the infrastructure bill and i guarantee there were 150 republicans. Are there enough including yourself to support a reasonable mccarthy bill if he loses his own flank, right flank . There arent enough democrats over 100 democrats who will sign a bill that President Biden and jeffries saying is a good compromise and it will be good compromise. Dance your question yes they are in a democrats as thereve always been. 150 to 170 democrats voted. Boehner is not a good example and Joe Mccarthys thinking maybe thats not the roller want to follow. Let me call your attention to a speech in october that Newt Gingrich made to the caucus. I just sent a copy to the chief of staff andy garret graves. Garret graves is a solid common sense guy. Im glad hes in the mix but hes got the caucus this very tough and mccarthy has a caucus is very tough. Absolutely there enough democrats to advance a bipartisan compromise bill. This is the first time ive heard it democratic recommended Newt Gingrich speech. Im all for it. Ladies and gentlemen congressman steny hoyer former democratic leader. Its great to see you. Thank you so much. Its great to see you. [applause] are you guys having fun . Please welcome jeetu patel. Lets get jeetu patel some volume. Tell me what you had for breakfast. At 6 00 a. M. Over here so i havent had breakfast yet. Sigh that sounds great. Im on stage youre right and we have a nice roomful of people in france and cspan and others watching life on line. I dont know if there any players that are going to take us down in the world of cyber security. Cisco recently basically said watch out, we have much more complicating threats on the way not only through cisco equipment. Lots of other Network Equipment and you put out a warning and i want to start with the warning is we are thinking about how we build an infrastructure for tomorrow and mobility and connectivity and energy that is smarter better faster and safer. What has happened today that might undo that . Steve the way we have to think about it is its getting more sophisticated than the threat actors are more sophisticated as well so what they try to do is they attacked the way we think. His organizations have outdated hardware and if they have old software that hasnt been patched that becomes a vulnerability and the need to make sure you invest in the one of the things we have talked about is encouraging customers to make sure that they dont have Outdated Technology and provide them support so they can get their infrastructure updated so you dont have the ball our abilities. When you look at the questions that we are looking at today and well we will be discussing the deputy secretary of commerce in just a moment that infrastructure and infrastructure isnt just things that people science and people science in and capacity manufacturing etc. Jessica will rosenworcel rosenworcel when you look at the next how do we embed and build and stuff that makes us safe because i have to tell you there may be a roomful of experts in this and i am not. Im wondering how we can proof our security in the future as we add on all this infrastructure that we are going to be getting . Its a great question. The way to think about this is security itself is becoming infrastructure and is a class of Critical Infrastructure that affects other Critical Infrastructures so its extremely important we look at this in a strategic way and thats the ownership between the Public Sector and the private sector in the way to keep us safe im going to stop you there for a minute. Partnership in the Public Sector and private sector we always hear that sound so bland and interesting. How do you make it yearold . Lets talk about specifically breaking that down would that mean for the private sector and what does that mean for customers and what does that mean for the public . If you think about the private sector what it means the private sector is you have to make sure you build products that are secure by design. Thats not something thats an afterthought. Thats point number one and for the customers is what we just talked about having infrastructure that outdated making sure its patch they dont have vulnerabilities. Only 20 of the boemer abilities that are discovered have been patched, only 20 . Why is that . Theres not enough capacity of skilled labor. Theres not enough technical knowhow and the customers so we have to make sure we can help customers make sure they have the right number of incentives and number three i think the Public Sector is doing a great job and what they are doing is a great step forward but i think what is required is a level of incentives towards the private sector so they can all be encouraged and have the right financial incentives to keep their infrastructure intact. If we dont do it the consequences are dire. Your hospitals full stop functioning your power will stop functioning in the water doesnt happen the way you need to and this has profound conjugate does this consequences on humanity. Its no longer small inconveniences literally the system stops working. Jeetu you are a wizard of oz tie. He sat behind behind the machine to new coats going on and you have the world looking at it. I have friends in the audience from japan, from korea to slovakia. How do they compare in the security of their cyber system and the United States. Can you give them a vcd or f . Let me rather than going country by country let me say one thing that all of us have in common which is where all disadvantaged in the sense that an adversary press to be right once and we have to be right every single time. So regardless of what we are doing with that think of it as being necessary but not sufficient and we have to make sure we do more. I give you some very simple examples of things that regardless of the geography you might be in we are not seeing enough of. One of the easy ways to keep yourself protected and i asked this question last time i was with you in person d. C. How many in the room and maybe show and stevie can tell him me how many raised their hands how many in the room have multipectoral identification turned on . How many of you have multifactor identification and . I would say 90 . My friend from japan doesnt. Sorry. You might want to turn it on now. Typically when i go to most of these events 30 to 40 of people raised their hands. We need to make sure thats great news that we are seeing 90 raise their hands because when people turn on multifactor multifactor your likelihood of a bridge goes down. We need to make sure that happens for individual consumers and also happen for the i. T. Administrators. Those are the kinds of examples across the country need to make sure we turn on soap regardless of how affluent or nonathletic country is the weakest link controls the keys. So the strength of the chain is dependent on stakeholder insurance. Those countries that fall below the security line, those weakest links are where the attacker start from. When you ask the question how were the Different Countries doing . Depending on the resource in the technical affluent the country may have they will do proportionally proportionally well put us are responsible to make sure every country rises up to a certain base level of security and resilience or we will all suffer. Jeetu how does ai change the threat picture . It fundamentally. In three ways. The first thing is ai is all these wonderful tools that we all have that we think are changing our lives are available to attackers. If you think about the majority of these attacks or studies have shown 80 of the attacks are email. If you get an email thats from the nigerian prince he is keen on giving you 10 million if he just on the link and you on the link and you are directed to a site you download nowhere in the malware initiate some kind of processing your computer and before you know it you have this latter rose stretch of nowhere in your organization. The way this happened in the past is that nigerian prince email is easy to find and its not a legit email. A typo. In the future youll have him far more personalized set of phishing attack so you are at your kids game and you want to download some pictures. There will be carefully crafted phishing attack from what i mean by that is its going to be harder and harder for us to determine a legitimate activity and it attacked. Ai will be a huge source, for the adversaries as well. What ai will also do is help Companies Like us and organizations who say we cannot deal with security attacks. You have to deal with the machine scale and not only should we have the data. Make sure the data can be correlated so you know when theres an email that comes in on your computer those who are correlated and we make sure we do something to flag that activity. Their huge amounts of advancements in ai with the cybersecurity and the companies that are providing cybersecurity farrell also be a low huge sophistication for the attacker so what we have to do is make sure those attackers, attacks are better deciphered with the use of ai. I told our audience here each year to get a cup of hot chocolate and warm up a little and then i stay or at these giant screens that show where nefarious cyberactivity malware is being launched around the world. I dont know if youve seen it. Chuck robbins will show you. In malta or belarus or kansas whatever it may be there is bad stuff being shipped out in scale to the world. Im just wondering given your knowledge that you were able to pinpoint a bad nowhere going out around the world you watch it as the sun moves around the world why isnt there some sort of global shutting these places down . What is the dimension here that we have so much awareness of who the bad players are and you are tracking it. Why is there a. When it comes to responding to shutting that down so i can go and empty more relaxed when i look at the system. I think there is a tremendous need in the market across nations, coordination. Its Important Companies that are global Companies Like us are actually helping coordinate those conversations across nations as well and i think its a very legitimate ask which is what could we be doing so that we are not looking at each one of these because you see humanity right now we are getting more nationalistic in our behavior. There is more globalization happenings where Everyone Wants to make sure they have more of their own local controls. I think theres an importance of making sure that all are coordinating across country boundaries and the more we can do that the more safe it will be because like i said earlier. As a defender you have to be right every single time and a more united we are as a country the harder its going to get for the attacker and one last thing i will say a on that front is a think the cybersecurity industry hasnt done a particularly good job of making these conversations simple to follow. And as a result and also they have done a good job of making these technologies easy to use. When we start simplifying security is the only time you can democratize and when you democratize it is the only time you have uniform defenses that can be had for every single practice available. If you think about it connectivity is a basic human right to with connectivity comes a lot of risk and we have to defend that risk. Nlf 30 seconds if we had one thing you were to tell regulators in washington and policymakers to do to change the security map of american infrastructure what would that one thing be . I would say provide more incentives to companies to make sure their Security Posture is up to date and we dont have financial constraints were Companies Keep the entire society i want to thank you for getting up. If 6 00 a. M. And if you got up at five preview looked in the morning. You should do it more often. Jeetu patel thank you so much for joining us. [applause] please let them deputy secretary don graves from United States department of commerce. [applause] mr. Deputy secretary its great to see you. I have known this gentleman for too long so ill try not to be too funny and joking about this. Thank you for joining us. We are talking about all this infrastructure today and i just want to start out u. N. Secretary raimondo are at the nexus of so many points we are discussing today. We are looking at what is the next generation of connectivity and broadband and telecommunications . Whats the next generational momo they mobility and energy and how will he deal with that . Its all interrelated. Theres another dimension that have to do with i would call it the intangible part of infrastructure science, human capital, manufacturing capacity and hightech and i would love to give you a chance. Tell us a little bit about the intangible that we want to make tangible elements of infrastructure in this country. Steve first off thank you for having me. Its great to be here. Your point is exactly right. For too long we have not invested in a strategic way and are at the structure and when you think about infrastructure you think about it much more broadly than we normally do. We have crumbling roads and bridges and our water systems. We have to do things like we are doing with broadband and highspeed internet. Also the investments for ecosystem around the technologies that power the future, vendors that of the future semiconductors ai robotics advanced manufacturing. The list goes on and on. And for us to be able to compete with the rest of the world particularly against some of her biggest ever series and competitors who are already investing hundreds of billions of dollars we have to do it in a way that is smarter than we have done before, thats more coordinated to build back a resilient ecosystem in the supply chain and infrastructure that can stand the test of time. When you think about investors who are going after the best new technology. Maybe its an Ev Battery Technology they want to make sure the investment will pan out in five or 10 years. If the companies dont have the resiliency and an ecosystem around them that investment isnt going to pay off and thats what we as a country have done really well over the years but now we have to be much more strategic about it because the rest of the world is catching up and trying to pass us. Stay or what does that picture look like . We are talking about the chips act and we have a lot of money out there incentivizing advanced Technology Investment in the manufacturing is of chips. Ive never seen the department of commerce as important in the industrial policy picture that the nation is right now. Do you folks over there realize youve become generals . Is a fantastic time to be at the department of commerce. Investing in broadband along with our friends at the edit pc and chairwoman rosenworcel is going to be here. You guys get along and we get along really well. We a lot of time together and thats what we have to do across the federal government. The good thing about commerce as we are at the center. We Touch International and National Security, Economic Security domestic policy so investing in broadband investing 50 plus billion dollars in building a more Resilient Semiconductor industry. We are investing pure tech program, our good jobs challenge that we have a workforce that is able to meet the needs of industry for today and the jobs of the future. We are also investing in the types of Economic Development that we need across the country like the build back Better Regional Challenge and the Recompete Program so every part of the country can delve into the bargain but thats a problem we have had before is we had a few notes of success in other parts of the country and they havent been able to bring their creativity and innovation to the table and thats what commerce can do. You talk about investing in broadband. I ran into your head of the National Communications of the structured. Is it hey and he said hey i have 50 billion to connect america until the stuff so the 50 billion is out there we have had a lot of geomapping exercises. Its not just an urban rural thing. Is the money moving and are people feeling more connected than they have before because right now we just see numbers on a piece of number papered digitally. Im not sure how its transforming the connectivity picture. The American Rescue plan and the bipartisan infrastructure bill. Is 50 billion enough . It is because we are getting support from other parts of the federal government and we work with the fcc. Treasury has some resources the u. S. Department of agriculture has resources. State localities all have resources in the private sector is also investing so we think will be able to connect every single household every street in every business in the country and do it in a way thats also affordable and accessible for every american. You have it happen in now. Its happenings now. We are seeing the buildout of the middle mile connections. We are seeing investments to make sure households have the ability to get access to highspeed internet. Its happenings. States are also in the process of putting together their plan for big chunks of money we are about to put out beginning later this year. Fcc has done a fantastic job of mapping the country and looking out where people have access in where they dont. Thats going to allow us working with the states to deploy these dollars in the most effective way so we can get it to the people that need it the most and we are not building too much redundancy into various locations around the country. How are you feeling right now about where this is with regard to these big Infrastructure Investments . Ive been a strong supporter of it, it creates a big Time Investment to create recurring returns. Thats really why the government is involved and whether its in chips which im obsessed with or nextgeneration technologies how are american businesses winding up with whether the structure plans are . The Business Community has been fantastic and part of the plan the president s invested american agenda is to make sure we are aligned with business and that we are taking the risk that citizens cant take, building the type of infrastructure that requires large dollars so businesses can be freed up to make the types of innovative investments to drive research and development and empower the country forward. Businesses have universally come to us and said this is exactly the way we like it and its a constant conversation with them to make sure we are doing this in a way that works for them and of course we are working with the largest businesses but we are also working with small and mediumsized businesses as well because we have to make sure they are getting to those businesses that actually employ half of the country can come to the table with a lot more innovation at times in some of these innovative sectors like home tech in ai and robotics and the like. We are at a time. Im sure you have a meeting with the president and they are calling you away but i dont care. There is a question about projects and permitting and i dont know youve been in your job for two and a half years . I should also say and id love to share this you have really background. Its really inspiring. His great great great great grandfather and mother had a horse and buggy taxi business word the department of commerce is. Thats correct. Now you are in government so they dont like that. And now you conduct business but it raises an interesting question about why youve been encumbered in your position. Have youve been able to see the completion of any projects that the government initiated or started in terms of permitting and regulatory getting in your way . I am a public servant. I have focused as part of my career on executing and delivering. Its president obama and President Biden asked me to focus on recovery because they were going through some issues and we were able to deliver and anyone whos been to detroit lately knows its significantly different than it was 18 years ago. I was literally just out in Washington State at the end of last week and i saw how some of our investments became as result of the American Rescue plan are impacting communities already. Already. Some of our investments were simple support environmental resiliency and karen noaa investing in communities that have been affected by longterm harm related to agricultural practices, industrial practices. We were trying to mitigate some of those impacts and specifically the dollars went to a coalition of organizations that were restoring wetlands. It sounds like a nice thing to do. Why do you care about this . Not only is it important environmentally but it has a Major Economic impact. Those who study fish and we spend a lot of time on fishing commerce know that salmon when they spawned they swim down the rivers out to the ocean but theres a critical phase where they spend time and this is what we are looking at the spend time in the wetlands and thats where they actually grow the most. Its where most of their development happens and i think they put on half of their adult body weight while living in these wetlands for four weeks. What has happened is those wetlands have disappeared so that chinook salmon end up having to go out to the ocean to the puget sound and the are readily able to capture the salmon. Thats have a devastating impact on canada. What that means is the salmon stocks are down so the fishing economy is heard and it means whales dont have any fish to eat and of course the tribes that live off of the salmon no longer have salmon that they can harvest either so what we are doing is we are seeing a major impact in the economy as a result of this investment that has restored the wetlands and now we see the chinook salmon in this particular area rebounding. Thats going to drive Economic Growth is going to restore the ecosystem in the course it will drive tourism. Its nice to have a good story here this morning. I think we are at a time but do you have memorabilia from your great great great grandparents . We actually do. I feel like an ancient washingtonian. This is interesting. My great grandparents were and they started this business. Their son who got the entrepreneurial genes ran some businesses he and his wife were in a candy shop and he eventually owned and operated the hotel ending reconstruction and thats another story but a lot of the artifacts from the hotel. We still have the piano abused in the parlor. The good thing is unlike so Many Americans weve been able to keep our history together. Terror many cool errors. Deputy secretary of commerce thank you so much for coming. [applause] thank you. Please welcome Jessica Rosenworcel chairman of the federal administration. [applause] im going to ask my team we well have more than five minutes with jessica so just give it to me now. Madam chairwoman great to see you here and thank you for joining us as we discuss evolving infrastructure. I want to jump ahead. So many times we sit and discuss what have we done now and whats going on now . We want to transporter sells for a minute and tell our audience one thing about chairman rosenworcel who doesnt often brag about herself. If there is one person this country is responsible for erate and for connecting communities and libraries in looking at children who have not had access to broadband and schooling and education to suspend her obsession way before she got to the fcc where she worked in the United States senate for Jay Rockefeller and others and this is the person who moved us. Its where to find an individual who matter so much in trying to address early on. Digital divide question so i want to say it. Now lets talk space. Im obsessed with space. Its a big jump and im interested jessica and how your commissioners and the fcc are looking at new pathways of connectivity in addressing some of the big gaps we have had so tell us about the next frontier. First of all thank you for having me here and thank you for your kind words. Since the beginning of time we have looked to the heavens and the stars have left us breathless. You cant look at those images from the james webb out telescope and not be in awe but what is changed in recent times that action space is no longer a province. We have new commercial models the report new kinds of space in new satellite, new companies and new technologies that are making space the next frontier for our economy. In fact if you need a number to understand just how big it is before the federal Communications Commission right now we have applications for 60,000 satellites. To put that into context globally there only about 7000 or 8000 satellites in our skies right now so we are seeing this radical increase in interest in using Communications Technology that saves to keep us connected. I thought you go to space to escape regulation. The thing about spaces at the shared resources and shared resources require coordination not just with domestic regulations. International regulations. What we have done at the federal Communications Systems i reorganize the agency. Its oriented towards the space future. It will be a half a trillion dollar economy in space and the United States should lead. We have tried to streamline our satellite licensing process to make it a little easier. We have also looked at environment issues with space and making sure we have a way to prevent it so all that activity can continue to sustain itself and finally i think this is one of the coolest things we are doing. We have this vision called the Single Network future where there are devices that everyone has in their home or their pocket. Right now they depend on terrestrial wireless services. If the combined satellite functionality with terrestrial services . Why we would be able to do is get rid of its a huge safety imperative than that and not just one in United States. Its true globally. We start an effort to develop these Regulatory Frameworks for the future the combined satellite and terrestrial services and we are the first country the will to do that. West virginia used to be one of the richest counties in america but i care lot about it. If you go out there its one of the areas where they are dead zones and its in appalachia. I worked for senator rockefeller. I forgot about that. Thats right. You think about appalachia is this find a way to leapfrog over the question of how you reach all of these nooks and crannies of the Appalachian Region through different way and be able to deal with affordability and access finally and some of the toughest parts United States. Its beautiful and incredible. People are sitting in valleys and mountains that are just difficult to reach without many wireless towers. The deployment of those wireless towers is expensive and costly so i think we have to continue to work on the deployment of those towers but also to look for new technologies like satellite and telecommunications. As i mentioned in my introduction you have been worried about uneven access and equity well before it became a fad. Before it became a necessity. But its not a fixed problem which add on 5g and once you add on new capacity or you are always creating a new range of winners and so what is the Digital Divide picture today as you look at it and what if we solved for and what are we lagging on . Policymakers came out this pandemic with a clear desire to try to address our nations Digital Divide. We are all rushing to the internet. Modern life went on line but we saw so many people who couldnt get their sitting apart cars outside of close libraries just to get a wifi signal and set up by a Fast Food Restaurant to go to an on line class and people who couldnt keep up with her help her because they didnt have the bandwidth equipment. App quite different about this moment as we have come to recognize that requires investment and deployment in places like mcdowell county, west virginia. The economics are getting fiber and wireless are difficult. It also requires addressing affordability. Weve got a lot of low income households in this country that do not have Service Today or the services not reliable because theyve got a tough time paying for that between gas and groceries. The federal Communications Commissions we are running a program called affordable connectivity program. Branding is not our strong we called the atp. The angst ps Historic Records you want to have access or headline writers . Clicks to be candid with you we can use it. Affect the acp largest ever broadband affordability United States from agency runs at 18 million households that depend on the support. Because it helps low income households get online and stay aligned. I think its a program its incredibly important the Digital Divide. Are in the reception earlier this was a couple of guys out there for do not know where you were in the room. They were from the American Legion may represent a class of veterans of come back and basically describe themselves is not your cup are educated crowded. Veterans come back often to resettle in rural areas. Because capitol infrastructure chases the coast they say theres a real lack of investment in this area. When it comes to laying down the basic foundation to which they could become entrepreneurs or get online sometime in israel spotty. Just on their behalf, do you feel that needle is moving . Whether they are veterans or others after they rural or less urban areas that we are solving the problem of well when it comes to connectivity . Yes. We come to recognize not all geniuses dont on the coast of the country so much Economic Activity we can support if we make Broadband Access universal free for the first time with all of that bipartisan infrastructure law we are 15 new tools to make that happen they have never existed before them policymakers connection with the tools right places and get everyone connected. To find anything getting in your way right now . What are the Biggest Barriers domestically . I ask this in a way i do know the answer to your theres a lot of money and a lot of bills that have passed. A lot of communities want to be connected. It is basically saying americans do not even really the tapping. What are the things you are wrestling with so that you are getting smarter deployment in this area that people are realizing they need improving. Im an optimist with what we can do the dollars and fathoms im also completely impatient. A lot of the programs move so slowly they may not understand whats happening. When we look back on this moment in history the commitment we made to connect the country is going to be on par with what we did the 1950s with the interstate highway system. Its that important and that big of her cracks on the end of the 19 90s it would take history. I am older than many of you in the room. At the new america foundation, was a fellow at new america we actually had seminars that would teach lawyers how their lives would change the internet. To talk to a very various participants. The web it was looked at as this alien far off thing. We were interested in how it might change our world. Now 5g. Massive data. Ari. We are at this Inflection Point of a whole new wave of technologies. All of it as i read about screams and needs more spectrum. Texting back to the scc. How much of a headache is progress for you . Wsrc challenge is so much interconnectivity depends on our airwaves. Which was the most important infrastructure we are but nobody sees it. Thats what its connecting us to reflect is that a limited resource . That is a limited resource. How we divvy it up its really important. We need new tools and more technologies to be more efficient with it. We are more efficient with it would push more airwaves out to commercial markets. Innovators can do things with that we can start powering our phones at higher levels making more video available. Use it as sensors for agriculture in traffic and start understanding the world around us. I be more efficient with our resources that we have been. Comes back to her spectrum. One challenge and have the agency right now is that our authority to auction off airwaves. Push them into the hands of commercial providers that lapse in congress in march for. At laps to have no more authority to put spectrum into commercial use . We have no more authority to do that. To give you a sense of how important that is for 30 years we had that authority. The scc has held 100 auction we have raised more than children 33 billion between u. S. Treasury auctions. Its a wild success for. We may be hitting a debt ceiling if we hadnt auction . Im not but those two things together before but i appreciate your creativity. I do think that auction structure has been an incredible powerful force behind the night safely in the world and wireless. And allowing until lapse is a mistake. Other countries have taken note of our success. They are willing to rush in and harmonize the rest of the world around her spectrum priorities. Some of the other countries do not do so with front of mind concerning effort to restore that authority underway . Was legislation smith and house of representatives just yesterday. The student the better. Located to divide for us to walk in and organize the world during our spectrum priorities to work with us is going to take restoration we cannot continue. Get near the end of this discussion if you are good at painting pictures of the future. I look forward to hearing more about the spectrum auction down the road. Im also interested in what we could possibly do that spectrum and how important it is. We are already beginning to see the need to transition 5g which im not sure people realize we have, or are getting to 6g. Its basically as we think about this evolution is a function of a massive amount of data we are sending in. With video imprecision of medicine and various things. Could you shortly audience mc stent watchers and others watching online. What future that is. What more robust infrastructure a 60 broken for us for. It was interesting thing about your Wireless World right now is your phone, that is not what he think it will be in the future. I think it might be the least interesting thing written with wireless. Well have faster speeds of those devices can imagine a world map sensors is so much more that surround us. Whether naturally adaptive the recognizing patterns in what traffic looks like we can all get to work 15 minutes faster because were smarter. Try to imagine a world we captives answer when we are smarter about using chemicals and nitrogen we are more environmentally smart about precisely where we have to put resources at any given time. We are going to start seeing all these kinds of Wireless Connectivity and the pattern recognition that comes with Artificial Intelligence. I think the world around us is going to become a whole lot smarter a whole lot more intelligent than a whole lot more sensitive to scout scarce resources. Next you get all this stuff first . Acrylic and need to say yes but the truth is no. And average boring . Kids are always upset i cannot fix a wifi router asked me what good mi if i cannot do that. He said the chair of the scc should be trying to step out before we unleash it. Hugs i do try some things out before we unleash them for. That flopped and succeeded he think about it the keyboards we all use the belt for the air of the typewriter. That cute key did not cross the w. Its kind of irrational we are still using its access to digital age. Xm ready for it to go for. Me too. I need the voice command to stop the voice dictation is stop inserting obscenities accidentally into my tax to pay. You might have that problem but i do not have that problem. [laughter] ladies and gentlemen chair of the scc thank you so much for joining us. [applause] chief executive officer of horizon business joining kyles Jackson Smith cofounder and ceo. Malcolm. Good morning. Good morning. How is your first x note my stuck in my new role. Thrilled to welcome really, really interesting moment this gentlemans life. Was it chief Technology Officer for all of horizon was a central architect of the Companys Technology infrastructure for many, many decades. And is now the first see po in the companys history. This is going back to bell labs with the main ceo running a third of verizons business group. He was appointed a couple of months ago its a real thrilled to have you here this morning with us. Its a pleasure to be here. Tell us what is it like to be the first transition and accompanied with such an amazing heritage . Its very exciting for me. I spent all of my time with my team designing, developing and building networks. For a Global Ip Network or a wireless network. Spent all of my time thinking about technical problems and how to rebuild the best network so our customers can rely on them. But now i have pivoted and ready to sell will be built. Its really interesting and im learning a lot by talking to customers directly. And how we can Bring Solutions to the table to further their businesses. You build things and go out and sell it and get a new perspective. Technical background to arva commercial focus . As part im learning a lot more on. If the balance of your constituencies. You have employees you have a customers and now its about how do we steer the ship in the right direction question how do we organize ourselves so weakly very helpful to our customers. Thats a whole other dimension. It takes me a little bit out of what i was doing. I am still close enough to it. Are probably talking all the time by. Yes. As in my previous roles all technology reported into my office. So i understand the pain. What you need to deals when you bring them to the table. Will get into verizons incredible role in the american infrastructure conversation in a Second Period but as a foundation, explained to us how verizon is approaching. What problems are you solving for your customers in the private sector, in the government . The Commission Just talked about caught the end they talk about 5g and 6g britain not sure of 6g yet. So a lot of technical capabilities we are putting in play that will allow developers to do new things. What we are really excited about that massive amounts of bandwidth. The reliability that we can bring. Really is going to be a game changer for businesses. Now instead of using wifi to put your Mission Critical applications on a warehouse with robotics or a factory, a production liner trained used to find errors quickly. Wifi just doesnt cut it. The capabilities built in early for this but ultra, ultra high bands. Release super low latencies. The ability to have reliability you talk about five and nine in our industry we make it eight night work culture ultra reliable. Those are things as a cio you want to have a brickwork that reduces costs. It reduces efficiency. All sorts of industries. Just talking to barbara she will be here next. Its an ecosystem of people with a lot of technology coming together. What we do is we bring a platform that others can put their innovation on top of it. We can partner with people and give solutions to cios and businesses. One example would be we have a test running on a factory floor. Before we put in these systems something was broken they would find it a minute later when something fell off the line at the end. Then there was a whole bunch of waist for that minute. We can see it right away now. They can stop the factory and like two seconds. That creates a lot more efficiency but you get more yields. That is the thing they want to but they do not want technology for technology they want to put technology in singular return on their investment for. Shifting to verizons relationship with government partnerships. Note your advisor to the president from the private sector. What problems are you solving on the Public Sector side . In particular how do you perceive the Digital Infrastructure, digital connectivity challenges of the u. S. Right now . I think it is a wellknown we have been chose to work with them to modernize their infrastructure. Is 70 flies a lot question requests should be super happy. But a lot of our infrastructure was built along time ago in the United States a lot of it is running on copper. Copper is not the stateoftheart anymore. It was 50 years ago. But the world has changed. And so modernizing the infrastructure with closely with Government Agencies to bring their land line infrastructure up to snuff we work with them in a Wireless Technology because the other two are blending together. You can bring all of that technology to bear no and helping governments and local municipalities and First Responders and the like get up the curve on technology so they can do things as cuttingedge technology than jon the factory floor. What about the infrastructure risk front . I know a lot of this is probably classified. Can you give us a sense of the scope and range of the problems and solutions . Are you a report every year we put out every year end talk about what we see in the world in terms of cyber threats. That is going to be coming out fairly soon i believe. Every single date we are Critical Infrastructure free for United States. We take that responsibility very seriously by. How often is the Digital Infrastructure intact . Every day nationstates and other criminal activities are trying to probe at York Networks and poke around and see if youre leaving any doors open. They exploit those for either financial gain or something. Lexi was waiting . In this narrow question get to a broader macro. Every day to make and i wake up every single day we doing thing to make are secure as possible. I feel good about our stance. I feel good about how to approach and for those of you familiar with your missed framework grow our capabilities and try to stay one step ahead but the bad guys are doing. Is ai an important tool for Verizon Business groups in advancing . Traditionally weve been using for a long, long time. Now this dialogue and what that can do. We have a lot of thinking him and doing various tasks with different partners. A couple things. One, how do we leverage it for current use we can really support her customers better. How can we use it is something we can sell to customers. And help them with their business. Also understand what can bad guys use it for church right and hit our networks with . We are trying all three of those areas. Once i want to close on a broader more macro question. You are one of the critical leaders in a fortune 20 Global Company key incident Digital Infrastructure. Which is obviously a huge source of competitiveness. How is america faring on the global stage to maintaining the Competitive Edge on the tax front. And how does america stay ahead . Its a good question. We talked about infrastructure here i think first i applauded the governments trying to do to make sure everyone has access to broadband. I would encourage the government there is other technology and other medium you can do to help bridge that divide quicker. The wind escape and those are in there right and can be used to bridge some divides. I think thats important everyone has access to it. Not Everybody Needs a gig i will tell you that its a marketing thing. Everybody has access. The other from that wireless perspective is mission might plod that a little bit. We need a game plan for spectrum. We have living hand to mouth in this industry for a long, long time. It is somewhat haphazard i would say it when its needed we go work on it. Other countries like china have a longterm plan with the going to do. I am a Firm Believer Technology Wise we are in great shape as a country. The people who move the needle on technology are those who practitioner and those who understand it and used it. When its of extravagant spectrum pipeline for the next few decades that the industry can count on it and we can Start Building Technology Toward that and earn dollars can go in because people will know their spectrum available. So for me getting a spectrum pipeline through the lawmakers is vitally important for National Security. Great. Listen were up with thats our time but we did not get to talk about the fact verizon runs new york city 911 assistance. Or the fact kyle is married to an engineer. It is a family of four engineers by. Its up fun family household. The nod. Thank you. [applause] president and ceo of siemens usa for joining barbara is gina business intact editor. [applause] [applause] thank you for joining us. Barbara has an interesting perspective as the head here in the u. S. You see infrastructure from a lot of different perspectives. And one of the most interesting takes you have is excitement about rail which is not words you put together in the United States. At least not right now. So starting off on that portion of our topic of mobility how you see the future of that developing when tomorrow im going to be hopping on an amtrak i have to say and excited about that. Maybe your vision will convince me otherwise. This is a really exciting time for rail and the u. S. You know the bipartisan infrastructure law on that legislation and regulations that have now emerged are fostering a new decade of expansion in rail. This is the biggest investment since amtrak was founded. Youll see investments being made in all kinds of rail at the national level. Amtrak continuing to build local transit agencies making local investments with over 30 transit agencies across the country. The thing i am most excited about is in fact highspeed rail. The moment is now. The moment is now that we have the technology we have the ability highspeed rail in the u. S. What we are looking forward to seeing the first leg of what will be a National Network establishment with the california high speed trap in the fantastic projects. The key thing we are looking for is true highspeed rail with speeds up to 220 miles per hour. Now can we just describe for you. Yes go for. I think train bring to market would be our first highspeed rail in the u. S. Its actually capable of giving passengers free access to the length of the tree. It includes something the team has called the parties car. What is in this party car . Youre going to have to see it to find out. I am in then. Anything with the party car. So, with this new vision what practically with that mean for people who live here and work here . For a lot of us to travel overseas we have seen how easy it is to get around in europe what has been the problem here . How soon do you think you can make this a reality . Our member tracking some of the white house a few years ago that said have you seen how big america is . It is true. Our wide open spaces. The fact is highspeed rail briggs war city into proximity. This is one reason i believe private Sector Investment is going in secret here. Think about putting concessions around. Settling of the business case. Point to points destination to destination the reason for building highspeed rail and giving us an option of waiting and getting on an airplane which has a series infrastructure around it. Being able to enjoy our highspeed rail moving across United States. Back from this very specific view. Because rails and the transformation of americas Rail Infrastructure is one piece you know we have been through in decades of thinking about what is the future for infrastructure in the u. S. . Years of lobbying and now the investments getting made we are in a decade of action. This is incredibly exciting. You will see its in the backbone of the economy everywhere. We are a Technology Company that combines the real and the digital world. Where we are actually applying our skills right now acs, in rail. Also the transformation of vehicles of all kinds. To be more electric, more connected, more autonomous. You will see us in the electrification of automobiles. We have pledged to build 1 million chargers for the United States market. Weve got manufacturing hubs around the country working on just that. I wanted to ask you about that. Thats obviously a big part of the Biden Administrations plan we are seeing the tax credits to incentivize people to buy electric vehicles come online. What do you need to make this all happen . I was living in california there chargers everywhere. I your grocery store, parking lots and shopping centers. Places in the midwest. Even around here its hard to find sometimes the charging stations. What of the pieces i found the most interesting is the real estate component. How do you make all of those components come together to expand our charging Station Network . Think about this as a system of systems problem for engineers. Engineers level problems like this you say what to get that electric vehicle but that means ive got to know him to charge up and that means i have to get powertrain electric grid. The big question is where if that is structured when he gets out of the customer i will tell you we are working in all aspects of that chain. I like to start the buildings you know their Real Estate Developers today envisioning charging buildings. Imagine a 2megawatt building. The transformation of the air quality and a city, if they could actually take that many internal combustion engines off the road, thats exciting. Now, what happens if you get into that kind of charging algorithm and you say i want electricity when its the cheapest, and im going to sell it and charge when its more expensive, that creates a new revenue stream, so weve got new Business Models evolving out of the transformation thats going on. Ive heard people talking about, hey, i now get my fleet for free because im engaged in power arbitrage. It pays for its. So these are the kinds of possibilities, and, first, where can we invest in startups who are making this kind of change, give them access to the portfolio of customers and launch their new, Brilliant Ideas through worldchanging scale, and where do we fit in with our knowhow in order to, for instance, make the modifications at the edge of the grid where suddenly now we have to have twoway control of electricity. Theres a solution weve got which is helping utilities and municipalities manage the twoway, the flow of power on their own grids. So what else do we need to make all this happen . The government has thrown a lot of funding at a lot of these plans, but a lot of them require, you know, permits or permission from local governments. You obviously need workers to get onboard, and we have a very tight labor market particularly in advanced manufacturing. What are the missing components . First of all, im going to challenge you on the verb. I think the government is throwing money at this. I believe the government is serving some very targeted investments actually to the state and local level where the people best understand what needs to be done. And this is just a down payment. I mean, whats happened with the legislation over the past couple years, its communicated a set of national priorities. Its said we want to be part of the clean Energy Transition. We want to localize manufacturing. And elle tell you, the and ill tell you, the private sector is responding. Think about the 52 billion investment for semiconductors, there have been 600 billion in private Sector Investments already pledged. So this is happening, and it is triggered by very clear from the federal government. Yes, permitting, big issue, and i know people are working hard on that. And so, obviously, were going to to stand with our customers who are getting permits for things like interconnection to the grid so we can bring more power online, etc. But the other thing for us to be aware of is the work force. This subject comes up, gina, in every conversation im having in washington right now. I dont care if its [audio difficulty] force is our top issue, and likewise, just last week we had conversations about telecommunications. What about the work force . So the role were playing at siemens is to Bring Technology to the table and actually elevate the role of people, actually makes them more productive, expands whats humanly possible. Because with the help of technology, we can get it done. And were almost out of time, but i wanted to ask you since a. I. Is at the top of everyones mind these days, are you guys easing chatgpt or other sort of generative technologies . In a very specific way, and i share with gina, just yesterday i was at a conference in detroit, and i got a chance to see a project [audio difficulty] that is available in our manufacturing environment. Used to be programmed by hand. And what i saw was the integration of chatgpt in what ill call a hermetically sealed environment, not unleashed just for intelligence, but the application of the Neural Networks and that, you know, Machine Learning that actually allowed me to talk to the computer and say i want the controller to do this. It generated the code, and then i said, oh, please also generate the code commentary. You know, one of the most awful jobs in programming, writing comments for the code. [laughter] it did that in a matter of seconds. So, yes, take all of the tools that have been available to us in the digital world, apply that to the world of big infrastructure. Thats our job at siemens. So the future is here. [laugher] thank you. Thanks for your time. [applause] please welcome terry mcauliffe, former governor of virginia, to the stage. Steve clemons is back to guide this conversation. Ladies and gentlemen, are we here . Terry, governor, terry, all of us i know him as terry theres so much to talk about. But i do want to share with our audience that you and i have talked about infrastructure on many Different Levels. And today, you know, i basically, we have three tracks. Were looking at mobility, all this stuff on mobilities from ports the planes to tars to roads to cars to energy. And weve got a big permitting reform debate right now, and a big summit coming up on june 5th about how to get the equilibrium right on that. And we have telecommunications and connectivity and, as you know, we had the chairwoman of the fcc, Jessica Rosenworcel up here. Of every governor, im going to brag, ive interview a lot of governors, ive never met a governor when you were governor that talked every dimension of infrastructure, you know, from 060. And you were the infrastructure governor i just love the state. Im going to ask you, terry mcauliffe, private citizen, with all the money going into it, what are we not getting right that weve got to get right for this country to succeed down the road . I think we kicked the can down the road for so many decades. I couldnt be happier with the Biden Administration, we passed the first big infrastructure bill with since Dwight Eisenhower was president. Should have been done 30, 40 years before that that. I loved infrastructure as governor. I mean, i thought about it every single day. I loved being governor tell them about some of the big projects you pulled off as governor. When i took office, i faced a lot of challenges. How many virginians do we have here . Very smart. Maryland . You like paying taxes . Thats okay. [laughter] d. C. . You really like taxes. 575, virginia. Just put it out there, whatever you want to do. You like throwing money away, but whatever. And virginias for lovers. Ill add that as well. When i took office, virginias very unique. We have the most military installations, we have the largest base in the world, fleet force command, of course, the pentagon, cia, a lot of threeletter agencies. When i took office, virginia had been doing a couple p3s, and they were total failures and a total waste of taxpayer money. So i immediately had to stop a thing called route 460 , 300 million of taxpayer money on ad road that not a shovel had gone in the ground. I was faced with United Airlines pulling out of dulles airport. That would have cost us 45,000 jobs. I had route 66 which had been, can had been kicked down the road for years and years and years, and we were not meeting the minimum million highway standard minimum highway standard as it relates to the speed. 9 a 5 was gridlock. 95 was gridlock. So i said lets redo the whole process. So i started a whole new process in virginia, we were the first in the country to pass that. I could pick whatever roads or sidewalks i wanted. I gave up all of a the power. We put a process in place where every single request for infrastructure had to go through a grading process, and those that came to the top we funded and those that didnt, didnt. No legislator or no governor had any power anymore in virginia over picking Infrastructure Projects. That allowed me to get the buyin of everybody to support it. So what we got moving on, i had a port that was bankrupt. My previous governor had put it up for sale. You dont sell your assets. You dont sell your airport, you dont sell your port. So i took it off the a market. Off the market. It was losing, the year i took office, 1 is 00 million. 100 million. We turned it around, we invested, now its one of the most profitable ports on the east coast. Dulles airport, we got a 50 million investment, went up to chicago, met with united, they signed a 7year extension. I added 18 miles south on 95 for those that are going down towards richmond. They had a horrible process of flyways, so weved ad 18 miles there, and i brought the express lanes all the way up to the pentagon for all of those that you are traveling on which affect you every day. But the biggest p3 in American History was 66. 66 was if the most congested road this america. It just didnt work. So we put it up for a 3 p3, and we ended up picking a spanish consortium, and it was about a 4. 5 billion, they gave me a check e for 500 million on closing, but i was able to add intermodal, bike paths, but ill tell you [laughter] you know, being governor sometimes its hard to keep people happy sometimes. The criticism from both the left and the right in my legislature was just im raising tolls. I was ainting tolls. As i wasnt raising tolls. As you know on 66, during hov hours you could not drive as a single driver, okay . All i said was, okay, single drivers, you can go on it, but youre going to pay. Pretty good. I was able to get over 4 billion on that publicprivate partnership, makes sense. But, oh, my goodness. I had democratic legislators running ads attacking me in Northern Virginia that im raising tolls. If you know my personality, steve knows me well, i didnt care. I wanted to do what i thought was the right thing bring it on. For the sake of virginia. And now how many virginians have ridden on 6 6 . Right. Everyones saying, boy, this is great. This is the greatest road ever built. Now im a genius. But im telling you, for five years i was the skunk at the holiday party. I loved infrastructure. If youre going to move people around, quality of life, if you want to recruit businesses, i recruited thousands of companies, 20 billion in capital, i wrote the bid for hq2, amazon, google, facebook, Amazon Web Services when i was governor. None of those companies are going to come to a state if youre stuck in traffic. Theyre going to go somewhere else. We lost in virginia before i was governor, you lost two weeks of vacation sitting in congestion in Northern Virginia. Thats what i wanted to fix. Moving people around so they can get to work, go to their ball games for their kids. But i also had a port. I wanted us to be a top port in the country. We had to move the goods from Hampton Roads to the bred basket of america. Breadbasket of america. And finally the other big, huge project i did for those that like to ride amtrak, how many virginians ride amtrak . As you know, gridlock, trouble. And the reason is, as you know, csx owns the lines. They own the lines. Is so amtrak, we basically were running it x if you got a freight car going 28 miles an hour, they own the line, you gotta the wait behind them. So what i did was a thing called the atlantic gateway which is a new spur of 18 miles so when youre leaving up from fredericksburg up, now the train, the freight cars can move off into this 18mile spur, and amtrak can whiz on by and get you up to do your business so you can make more money, you can spend more money in virginia. Thats why virginias for lovers. And glenn youngkin, youngkin yeah, lets all move to virginia, folks. Get out of those other places. So thats mobility. I was just thinking Governor Youngkin must love you yeah, he gets to cut my ribbons. At the end of the day, its about whats doing right for the citizens. We were at dinner, its an off the dinner record dinner, we had the ceo of boston consulting group, and we were talking about energy and permitting reform and how do you get the equilibrium right between new Renewable Energy and the reality that 80 of american needs are still tied in others. I was just really fascinated by your comment that night particularly given placement of some some of the energy needs around ports. You said, look, youve got to deal with real life. Tell our audience about what you believe how to get that Energy Equilibrium right as we think about infrastructure. Another thing i faced, and it was very controversial, remember, the Atlantic Coast pipeline which ultimately dominion had to scrap. I think they spent a couple billion dollars. Right. But put that aside. So we need energy. So as governor i had two projects, one was about 2. 6 billion, one about 3. 2 billion, manufacturing which i love because i love manufacturing jobs to help in my more rural participants of the tate that were dying parts of the state. I lost both of those projects i won the deal, i negotiated with the ceo, but i couldnt give them the 5year commitment of gas that they needed to operate their facilities. So that is actually a reallife situation where we lost thousands of jobs because i couldnt give them what they needed to come to my state and create thousands of new jobs. In addition, you should know this, and i always try to explain this so everybody, i dont care if youre left or right or whatever, you just should understand all the facts when you make a decision. We had Fleet Forces Command which is all of our military assets, the Largest Naval base in the world, even seal teams are in virginia. Virginia. Not maryland or d. C. Even seal teams are all this virginia. Weve got air bases, defense, intelligence bases. Five times they lost power. Folks, thats a National Security issue as well. So the point i always just try to make to everybody, the legislature whether on the left or the right, these are reallife consequences that we have to fix, and weve got to put politics aside. So weve got to deal with energy. And im very proud, i led the nation on renew bls. I did the largest solar field with amazon because i also knew if youre going to get amazon, google, facebook, microsoft, theyre not coming to a state, as you know, unless you give them green energy. They wont come, theyll tell you right up front. So what are you going to do . Youve got to provide them green energy. But at the same time, youve got to make sure all the other operations that you have going obviously can work. And so i am all for the renewable space and everything we need to do. But were still at a place where we need gas. And in order to truly function and operate as a state ask to recruit businesses and keep your military operating, i didnt want to lose imagine if i was governor and i lost norfolk station, oh, my goodness. So those are reallife things that we have to face. One of the things that priding President Biden has put on the table and we discussed it a lot this morning is broadband infrastructure, finally getting people connected, you know, whether its through space or 50 billion laid out in kind of new lines around the country. You know, in virginia you have a a lot of dead zones. You had a lot of dead zones. Do you feel like that needle is really moving substantially, or is the Biden Administration deluding itself . No. I think oh, no. Listen, we all, i can tell you four years ago when i was governor and i was chairman of the National Governors association, we all wanted to get every citizen connected. Of course you want to do that. It really is not fair did you just yawn over there . [laughter] what are you, crazy . [laughter] it is not fair for rural parts of the state that they dont have the same Educational Opportunities because they dont have the same type into their community to provide the same educational service. And to me, that is blatantly unfair. And so we all worked hard. Now there is no excuse with President Biden putting this money in for the infrastructure, every home should be connected. And, you know, its not only the pipe, but were all talking about what we can do in the air. Every home needs to be connected. It is just blatantly unfair that everybody you cant sell if youre a mom and pop shop if youre down in danville or lee county, virginia, way out in the further county way out, its not pair if you cant sell your products on a global marketplace and or your children cant get the same quality education because they cant get access through the internet. Its not fair. So were making there are no excuses. Weve got to drive it, and weve got to drive it hard. You know, youre one of the governors that i have run into more than any other governor internationally in my experience. Whether tokyo, korea, brussels, wherever it may be, and recently you were in ukraine, and you were also recently in nigeria. This is the unrelated infrastructure, perhaps, but i am interested in the fact that a global publication, were paying attention to whats gown on in the world. What were you doing in ukraine and nigeria . Sure. And i loved the international, when i was governor, i was very proud, i did the most trade missions of any governor in u. S. History. I did 35 trade missions in 4 years. Why . I went and recruited businesses to come to virginia. Thats how i got 20 billion of new capital. I got unemployment down to 3. 3 . We were the number one state in america for cyber. I had 48,000 the open cyber or jobs when i left office. So i went all over the globe. And when youre a governor traveling internationally, you can meet with whoever you want. Id a land in tokyo ask and drive can two hours out to some ratty old factory somewhere, but you know what, steve . Theyre going to invest capital, and theyre going to create 200 jobs in wise county, virginia. That was worth my trip. So thats why i did so much international travel. I just got back two days ago from knew gyre ya. I went over, they have 36 governors that just got elected, 18 brand new ones, so i did a conference of how to be a governor and how to lead a bipart sag san legislature, which was bipartisan legislature. Which was great. Before that i spent nine days in ukraine. Washington post just did a big story on it. They brought me recently for infrastructure, all the things they need. I met with their minister of infrastructure because, you know, you and i have seen a lot of ukrainian events here, fundraisers, and i keep saying what can we do, how can we help. So they said come on over. So i went over and met with all the ministers and government officials, i met with a lot of the ngos, save ukraine which is the organization that is housing these children that have no parents. They have no home anymore. I went to their facility where the children who have been abducted, thousands of children have been taken from ukraine to russia. I met with a young 15yearold did when with spent six months in russian captivity having to recrete the National Anthem for two hours. They rescued 100 and brought em back. But you know my personality, if im imloing to ukraine under the president ial order, nobody can go 5 miles outside of kyiv. I said if im going to ukraine, i want to to go to the front line. I think im the first american, i want right to the front line sent me a picture from donbas. Dnipro, saw the nuclear plant, we got shelled, our convoy got hit. I mean, i loved it, im not to going to lie. [laughter] you know, i had some equipment with me, i was just hoping if anyone would come after me, this would be unbelievable. So i went out and i went right to the bunkers on the front line and went underground. I saw them take out a convoy of russian tanks. Right. It was fascinating. Let me say this frankly, you know, im very committed to this war. We have to win this, folks. Here we have many nations moving away from democracies, here we have a young, fledgling country that that has moved towards democracy. We have to support them. These folks are not giving up. The acrossties atrocities, what theyre doing to the captured ukrainian soldiers i wont say right. On tv, but this is a fight for democracy. This is a fight for who we are as american. Im proud of the president. Hes got nato behind this. We are making great progress over there, but we cannot show one inch of daylight. And, unfortunately, they watch some of these shows, and when some get on tv and say, i dont know if we should support ukraine, that reverberates, folks, i can tell you, throughout ukraine. This is battle for the soul of who we are as a nation. And weve got to keep doing it. So finally, terry, it is widely reported i dont think youve commented on this, but its widely reported that President Biden wants you in his cabinet, wants you in his government. Has he if he asked you to serve, would you serve, and what job do you want . [laughter] you know, listen, ive known the president for four decades, for 40 years, and i was a big supporter of his when he ran last time. He wanted me originally to be in the cabinet. I wanted to run for governor. As you can tell, i love being governor. Ill be honest with you, im not going to lie with you, i would not be a good legislator to. Its not my personality. I like to get out of bed, sign an executive order and, boom, 5 00 its done. Im not all of this this fighting and not getting anything done. Its just not who i am. So i would do anything joe biden asked. Id like to do stuff economicrelated, infrastructurerelated. Ive started several dozen companies. I used to own one of the biggest homebuilding companies in florida. Bought a bankrupt company, fixed it up, solved it. Ive been involved in business my whole life, i think we need more people in politics who actually sweated out a friday afternoon payroll. I dont think anyone should be in office million theyve had that experience of, oh, my goodness, how am i going to pay my employees this afternoon. It strengthens you up, and i think it does a good job of doing taxpayer money. You know me, im like the dalmation with the fire truck, man, you got a problem, im ready to go. Maybe secretary of defense after my ukraine trip, you know [laughter] i was ready to go. You heard it here. Ladies and gentlemen all right, everybody. Second governor of virginia come to virginia thank you so much. [applause] let me just say this mario corridor row and john they give them rides gina chon returns to moderate this discussion. [inaudible conversations] so we are lucky because originally we were, because the schedule was separate sessions with mario and john, but the starses aligned so, luckily, we are able to have them both here to talk about equity in infrastructure which is a really interesting topic but one that isnt widely discussed as were talking about, you know, all these billions of dollars being invested in various projects and whats gown going to be going to be built in what state. So im really interested to get both of your thoughts on this especially because youve been in the trenches and seen this up close on the ground. So for mario, i wanted to start with you and talk about, you know, especially since the pandemic and everything youve seen at the port there with all the bottlenecks and people talking about, you know, how many ships waiting outside and the containers to worker a Record Number across various industries whether its apple stores or worker at the port. So workers at the port. I wanted to the get a sense from you how are you thinking about this issue particularly with all the different groups of employees that you have to deal with at the port that are in different sort of work statuses, if you will, and how will you sort of balance and think about the that in the infrastructure scenario . Well, thank you for the question. And, number one, i want to thank john for leading on in this subject matter. Were proud to join as a first mover or one of five first movers, but i think what john and phil have done here is really set the tone in terms of this question thats been talk about this morning already, the future of infrastructure. Part of that future has to be the building of generational wealth. For example, barriers that in the past have prevent minority and ethnic businesses to participate in the opportunities of infrastructure marley in the last, in the particularly in the Large Capital Improvement Projects. Long beach, as you know during the pandemic, we continued to build. And i think i said during that time the port of long beach, we had a Capital Improvement project of 4 billion the last 10 years that weve expended, and Going Forward our commission has already authorized a budget of in excess of 2 billion in infrastructure. So for us, equity and inclusion is a Big Conversation that needs to be had with regard to Infrastructure Projects Going Forward. And what about the different groups of workers that you deal with there at the port, and how do you balance all of those interests with, obviously, the business interests as well as just, you know, the economic engine that depends on, on things going smoothly at the port . At the mandate of our commission the past number of years, weve done very well in terms of balancing and navigating through those challengeses. For example, port of long beach, we excel in our small and very Small Business enterprise programs. So i think with that kind of record, resume we do feel were positive, optimistic that were also going to move the needle with regard to, again, those group of contractors that are prime contractor or subcontractors who, again, will have the opportunity to be involved in the Infrastructure Projects that we have Going Forward. Great. And, john, i wanted to turn to you. Especially because when you were at the white house as is the supply chains are as we were just, you know, really feeling a crunch on that front, you saw this problem from from a lot of different perspectives. So how do you think about equity and infrastructure in terms of all the stakeholders . Because its not just, you know, the businesses and the workers, its the community, the people who may get displaced because of certain projects. How are you thinking about that and how businesses and the government can Work Together so that, you know, everyone can sort of benefit from these types of projects . Thats really a crucial question, gina. We have five years of infrastructure funding thanks to the bipartisan infrastructure law. We should be using that to leverage communityserving infrastructure. Its not just building a bridge, its building a bridge to the middle class at the same time through the jobs it creates, through the opportunity, these Economic Opportunities that are opened as part of it. What were doing with the equity in Infrastructure Project is basically taking the intent of the Infrastructure Program and making it a twoer if or a threefer, squeezing more value out of public dollar investments by in addition to delivering the infrastructure itself, making sure that its an opportunity in particular for historically underutilize businesses to make that generational leap from a subcontractor to a prime contractor or a joint venture partner or an Equity Partner in the case of a publicprivate partnership. One habit is created generational wealth by letting historically utilized businesses to make that with the contractors reports on these businesses that have normally been shut out on these opportunities, or just not aware they are available . How are you tapping into them . Quite flabby operationalizes me take equity and for infrastructure pledge you of that organization is making a personal commitment followed up on by your procurement be about your legal people and others one is unbundling contracts might not have qualified or been able to knit multibillion dollar contract they certainly can on the smaller one. But to do that in a thoughtful reason to weigh which again it benefits the public by having more competition for the contracts as well you are building a bigger base of competition. But we are seeing this infrastructure should be serving people to the multiple blows. One of them is for historical and utilized businesses to grow the infrastructure investment. Parks mario judy giron earlier time for him a i have have time. Subject matter is a great thing. Looks great i just want to ask you really quickly before you go about support net zero pledge. Piracy that fitting in giving frankly like all the demand you have on costs and other things that could understandably make that to be a lower priority. I will turn that to you then think terms of how sustainability plays a role in this vision brickwork sustainability is a critical element for going have a goods improvement system of the future that serves us well it has to be a sustainable one. And has to be what we are actually improving the environment. We are responding to the existential challenge of Climate Change and assume that imports around the country and throughout the entire supply chain. Mario supports of a long beach, port of los angeles, new york, savannah, many other places are actually moving forward weathered zero emissions class a trucks. If it is poor handling equipment that is lower impact in shore power the ships are basically pretty good size and power plants burn a very dirty fuel. When they are stopped and they in not running. See those as early sustainability efforts. In the poor impacted communities adjacent to ports all over the country. Historically have had all the burden and very little benefit in rebalancing note. Those communities dont just get the burden environmentally but also the benefits their jobs. Their Environmental Remediation enter a cleaner future in general is one way that can be done. Mario, what have you back. Was just asking, if you didnt hear me reply about the sport thats zero both. For giving me business demands how you think that but then. If you think that is something realistic for the pope port to go for . Number one absolute is realistic. I think theres a great resume of nutley reducing emissions as you note the request to eradicate admissions. The Inflation Reduction Act and the bite administration has certainly helped though that we will achieve in 2030 to have zero Emission Equipment that one 100 level transition tracks to zero emission trucks by 2035. Let me say two points of that. Number one, mentioned we have a robust capitol Improvement Project about 30 million annually with regard to what we have budgeted here. A lot in that is zero emission infrastructure. One last thing for long beach in this endeavor in the infrastructure the city of long beach as diversity equity and Inclusion Office theyd have a good job of raising the awareness. The department of the city the first part to have a deputy inclusion equity officer procurement specifically for procurement. We just hired jennifer who comes to us with a lot of experience in contracting. So for us it is so important to be successful in that we have a position of diversity Equity Inclusion procurement officer. That is going to be the mandate dealing with the equity issue. Looks great. I wanted to ask both of you. Tomorrow we can stay with you, just how you are dealing with this issue. Given every court has different rules that go by. They are competing with each other in a lot of ways. We saw that a bit during the supply chain crunch and people talking about can you go to the east side. Does that build up demand for those ports . Just given the situation people are facing. How are you looking at this given the Competitive Pressures as well . It is a great question. The fact of the matter is with regard to todays Competitive Edge we have a twopronged mandate. Its one is to move the cargo grow the cargo also to address the sustainability issue. Then no other gateway has a dual mandate. It is a competitive disadvantage so to speak because again we are talking again largest gateway in the United States. As the two prong. However having said that im very confident we will have the Competitive Edge requests for what we are doing here i would highly suspect other major gateways in the country later in years will finally decide to apply the social governments we have here in this gateway. Thus we will be far ahead in terms of our Competitive Edge. Leggett said the state apart this year for those cargo owners who also have the carbonized programs and environmental sustainable plans of action. You believe in reducing emissions. You believe in eliminating harmful missions. And social governments. We should be doing goods. Ask jon, i wanted to ask you about technology and advances in technology. And how they can be good and bad in terms of equity issues. Weve all been hearing about ai and ai taking her job. It is about how it could disrupt the workforce. And for fewer opportunities. How are you seeing this issue play out when it comes infrastructure and really making sure the benefits are spread pretty specially if you go down the food chain . That is a great question. I had the great privilege to see firsthand during the pandemic in the supply chain crisis how people perform day after day if he think about the longshore workers that showed up day after day and lost a number of their colleagues as part of that. They clearly were essential for the nation. Throughout the entire supply chain is of some of the same things. One of the important attributes of supply chain that serves americas economy of the future is going to beat making sure we can upscale those jobs were ever possible. There are great opportunities with Technical Training for example for many of the supply chain jobs to move up the scale scale and the wage scale at the same time. You are seeing much more flexibility. Much more resilient supply chain that we had several years ago. That argues for workers throughout every part of the supply chain that are adaptable. That are learning new technologies and are able to function under the stress they have every day. I am actually very optimistic the investments being made by both the private sector and the Public Sector in the supply chain not just stabilized that create more good playing. Thats all the time we have for now. I love your background perfect for this event. They do seo we now hear from doctor daniel vice chairman of s p global. Before you hit roll and going to Say Something for audience we do one of these to start out with Compass Coffee and keeping of the whole time. New metal or a mug or teacher to give us time to work on it. You are the ones from the American Legion. Hopefully you enjoyed that. We need infrastructure right in the future when the great Energy Experts has written very eloquently about the Energy Choices facing the country Pulitzer Prize winning. Dan is in alaska as we speak today but he was another asian country and the other day i said look, ive got to have you in this conference. Youre going to see me interviewing danielle going to stand up here and his facial expressions to say isnt that a great question, steve . Something along those lines. He wrote a book i want her cspan audience to note the new map Energy Climate and the clash of nations. I highly recommend people take a look at it. Its not a wonky book on energy. Its a tale of human stories and human vignettes and people who really made a difference. One thing that strikes me as so interesting is how many small vignettes had disproportionate effects. Innovators that come of ideas paper tesla came from a taxi does not belong mosques idea. Someone elses idea who wanted to look at plane seats and why dont we do cards . Its moments of innovation are sometimes out there. I went in this conference with the little bit of optimism and my friend. Im going to spin up or will interview him. Lets roll i have no idea but think elements are coming i really appreciate it. Lets roll. Thank you all for joining us. With vice chair of s p global hes a Pulitzer Prizewinning author praise where the greatest most thoughtful and writing gurus on Global Energy markets. Most importantly is the author of the book i think everyone should read. Energy climate. Thank you so much for joining us today. When you think about where Americas Energy sector which is a mix of renewables in a mix of plot and new Energy Sources. You worries about our blind spots on Energy Infrastructure slowly move forward . And are three things. . 3 trillion economy. I think the second is what youre going to be talking about in the future which is the ability to get things done. And third we are not looking at the reality as we tried to move from one system to another but. You think about the permitting side of think one of the interesting questions about that is that john podesta other people on the Progressive Left of the climate equation have said we need permitting reform. The largescale projects that were funded out of the ira are going to see those dollars just reentered if they do not have projects they can move into. Can you tell us your take on permitting reform . Is there equilibrium possible between hydrocarbon world and the Renewable Energy . That is the only way to really move forward on a permitting report that covers whole thing. Their focus on the transmission line we need a pipeline too. When Carbon Capture permitting. Its astonishing. Its a nittygritty type issue its years and years to get things done. When the permitting system we have now when Dwight Eisenhower was present you never have an interstate highway. One of the things you outlined in the book is you have a concern that as we move an orc to a less carbon dependent economy, the Regulatory Environment can take us to a place where the need for energy is greater strictly hydrocarbons is greater than the regulatory world creating and sculpting. Create a spike in a squeeze in prices. In the hydrocarbon war. He explained that her audience a little bit . Oxnard he probably had the first Energy Crisis of the Energy Transition in the sixmonth because thats when price is really spiked that is when you have shortages is when you had new eu you are already in trouble. Its the mismatch between the targets and the realities of supply on the other. In addition one of the things that really focused on its required for net zero world which means a lot more mining. Mining also means the u. S. Is already heavily dependent on the other parts of the world will become more dependents. Either way thats where clashes during the new power competition between the u. S. And china because china has a preeminent position. And in processing the minerals. On me ask you. We had a g7 meeting and japan. Many people said theyve never seen it g7 relate you could call it the china concerned assignments. It just made me wonder whether it is hightech. Whether its critical minerals. Do you think we have to the west plus japan succeed in its energy aspiration. I think by the way you could also call Inflation Reduction Act was very much in the same spirit that carried over also in the g7 was a more open on the natural gas in the scale of natural gas that is needed because the time in. Its not going to be easy particularly given how long it is to get anything done. The matter how long it takes you meet copper demand to meet the goals of 2050 copper demand would really have to double by the late 2030s. By the way i much more will be needed in minerals. We just dont see where thats all going to come from vengeance the Great Power Competition. The overarching issue x were the other minerals is cvs and renewable transportation sector which we also talk about today is lithium. A recent dinner with the ceo of lithium america. Its all that lithium in nevada, australia, africa and he said no it goes all over the world. But in canada in some places in the United States we have huge, huge lithium deposits available. North america lithium superpower if you can minute, is not a problem . Was it doesnt like the u. S. As many spots with our lithium. It is a commercial and can you get it done . The hostility towards mining is really as great as a hostility towards oil and gas development. Many of the same issues. To look to argentina, look at bolivia. Where are you going to go for these minerals . Basically that state of california said every car sold in california after 2035 tested to nap times more copper. 40 of world copper comes in two countries right now. In peru the present is in jail in chile the governments rather hostile of mining. Look around the world again. A lot of places its china. Of the audience are the new map is not just all about a kind of dense treatment of Energy Sources and this kind of human vignettes of how we got where we are. Were the stories in the map is a story of where tesla came from. In 2003 to try to convince a unit electric airflight he said im not interested what about electric car question must set up interested in that is a timely tesla before that when he gets involved and becomes the chief Technology Officer. A few years ago messick said if it had not been for that lunch there might not have been a tesla. They had not been a test that you not see all the automobile makers in the world rushing to come out selected model. Thats whats happening innovation right now. We have tenants with five startups. Right now mike five years ago we wouldve said its 50 years away now they are saying five, 10, 15 years away. I think innovation is going to be where it will come and provide the answer. The question is the timing, trying to push things so fast. Can be replaced system system be is not really in place yet. And dan, you won a Pulitzer Prize for your writing and looking at the prize. Looking at the scramble of Great Power Competition over oil and energy. I am just wondering when i read that new map it will transform your understanding of the cell many of the deeper dimensions of these choices society is making. I think the real question i have is whether we are creating the conditions of the 1970s. The ongoing dependence on hydrocarbons as were trying to make an Energy Transition creates opportunities for other great powers to shift and control that. We are seeing rumbling sums saudi arabia and cutting back production but we are seeing china become a global diplomat with dealing with the answers. Do you have any concerns america is not just keeping up with the gain in other players are trying to create conditions of the squeezes on oil and gas . Is quite a shock really to have china mediating and seal between saudi arabia and iran for that was a surprise. I am thickly seeing china play the kind of role again. My first action is writing the new map. Its is driving the history of a new cold war. If we squeeze resources thats going to create higher dependence on the middle east. In terms of oil and gas. U. S. Lng at liquefied natural gas are fundamental to their energy security. That would not been seen two or three years ago. That will continue. Youre also pointing to the fact we are creating new dependencies people are just not calculating. With that new geopolitical risk and challenges. Axis anything the Biden Administration is getting right the you want to mention a wrong that you want to mention . I think if we take the ira. I think the great thing about this bill is it is agnostic. Doesnt say this or that. How the regulation, how the tax credit, that will be important. That is so different. Just came back from europe and the european late to do it is to write very tight regulations. Telling people, bureaucrats and telling companies what to do. I think the ira is a unique form of legislation in terms of its impact of it. He thanks the prices will come out. Obviously getting this permitting thing sorted out this has to be a bipartisan effort. Without it you can put all the money into it. If you cannot build things you cannot get things done. Let me ask you finally are you aware of any Major Projects out there . Maybe it doesnt and you cant remember them for that permitting projects have not been able to afford because of the paralysis at many Different Levels in the permitting process of federal, state, local . Is clear on transmission lines thats a huge problem getting it done. Keeping praying wires offshore wind. Theres the Mountain Valley Pipeline Center manchin talks about which is 95 done 3 milliondollar project under 6 billion you could make such a long list. Its just to make a list of all the things that are not happening. Our permitting system is so inefficient and so complicated. It ends up with plain paralysis. Let me ask you finally visit to china it its investment in solar acrosstheboard nuclear, new forms of nuclear. And across every form of energy track out there. As i look at it what china is doing, i just wonder if United States is further and further in the backseat of driving Global Energy realities. I would just like to take on china. Most innovative nation with ecosystems and other country has. With that said china has made a major commitment, about half of the install solar. Still roughly their electricity comes in coal. We are now beginning to see and one of things i wrote about in the new map coming down the road is china has electric cars that only because the climate environment. Not only to reduce oil but recognized it could not get into the global car market. That wants to be the front runner in terms of electric cars pretty think well see a lot more competition for chinas electric cars coming into the market. 90 of the worlds solar panels. Lithium batteries and you go down the list but they are they are and we are not there yet. Thank you so much for joining us today. Our own major infrastructure assignment. Jetsons when kebab is a final word. I want to time ceo i want to be president master class division. That is it we just in, in this fantastic conversation with Daniel Yergin pretty want to say thank you all for staying with us i want to thank jim and kristine and partnership allowing us to convey nearby suggestion, over to you. Repeating some of the words seem just honored. It has been a great pleasure to host all be here this morning. Thank you for saving it through personal time to figure out how you square really high quality intelligent content from amazing people on a weekday across two and half hours but we know thats a lot to ask. We are interested in innovating around them. Thank you all for being with us. Thanks again to verizon in genesis who have made this possible. 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