Transcripts For CSPAN2 Summit On Human Exploration Of Mars 20170814

International panel this morning and i will introduce each of our Panel Members. The first one is a member of the emirate mars Strategic Planning team. The duties are to ensure the impact of good journey to mars will be sustainable, leaving it an everlasting effect. He is also the cofounder of the bowels of show, which is a Youtube Channel aimed at making Science Technology accessible to our youth in that area and has been quite successful. So, said. [applause] next is shooed shirov the readers working not for Human Spaceflight Technology directorate in japan. He received his degree in the special icing and design of intelligent controller for an economist walking robot under microgravity environment. She is currently in charge of the japanese human and nonhuman exploration ive been mainly in the Architectural Design of Space Systems to the moon and mars. [applause] our third panel member this morning is from the palace building a space corporation. He has been the large project Design Authority. Carlo holds a degree in physics from the university of genova. He has specialized in control systems, Digital Electronics and system engineering. He is currently the Design Authority of the robotics exploration product line and head of the Systems Engineering manager is a tally of helena space or science and exploration activities. Carlo. [applause] how weve organized a panel today isnt going to provide a broad overview of some of the committees relative to this science for rest and then each of our Panel Members will talk about an individual aspect of the International Program that is developing and mars. This of course is truly an exciting time. Mars for many years was mostly u. S. , a little Russian Space agency endeavor. And what we have seen happening over the last several years is not only new additions to mars with the Indian Space Research organization mission, but also new plans that are going to make this decade really exciting from an international day. Mars today, our Science Mission has shown in this overview of what the plans are. We have a significant number of orbiters that are doing great, working well. These are the mars odyssey mission, mars express, nasas reconnaissance orbiter the orbiter and as i mentioned, and orbiter on the surface we have two rovers. You are operating quite well. One is opportunity that landed in 2004. The 90 day wonder that just keeps on working and is doing just an outstanding job continuing to do some very exciting dianes. Immensity and in gale crater at the shoreline of the ancient ocean is curiosity and is going quite well in 2012 and is continuing to make some spectacular measurements as its starting to head out. In 2018, may of next year, launching the insight missions. This is not a rover. It is a platform that will fit in a location just a few Degrees North of where curiosity is not the platform is designed to take measurements by drilling into the surface, measuring the heat flow at the planet continues to admit teeth and start cooling down from it initial accretion, 4. 5 billion years ago. Well also plopped down onto the surface a seismic instrument. The seismic instrument is the most sensitive seismic instrument ever made and that mars that will detect what we believe are natural mars quake, but also impacts occurring on a regular basis based on media rights that coming into the martian is here all the time. With that, we hope to be able to unlock the interior and try to understand much more about the structure of mars, but also potentially how those resources can be used for human exploration. The 2020 opportunity that begins in july will begin with a huge array of missions on training missions. Every six month its the highway to mars opens up in the highway is going to be packed. We start out with the space asked launch of the red dragon. That will be followed at the end of the opportunity we believe with another red dragon, those announced. That indeed will make a of measurements. A small portion of punishment on that mission. China has announced that its launching an orbiter and also apply from which will land and then have a rover moveout into begin to interrogate the surface. Of course the uae has announced their hope mission which will be an orbiter making measurements of solar wind interactions with Martian Atmosphere and many other aspects of mars from remotesensing instruments. What a spectacular opening of the highway and what will be happening. Then as we move into that decade 2024, it was announced their martian moons exploration mission, mmx, this potential mission is designed to interrogate the two moons of mars with a sample return. As i was like to think of them, they are really the space station of mars. And then later on in the decade as more planets firm up, there our plans and discussions about bringing samples back both from potentially the samples that are created by 2020 but also even china has stated there quite interested in simple return. So theres a brief scientific overview of whats happening not only in the near future but as we begin this next exciting decade of the science exploration of mars. And, of course, exploring mars is not star trek. Its not go where no human has gone before. Its really a pioneering effort of the Science Missions that are being laid out and being executed by many countries now that are going to be really critical laying the foundation for human exploration. And so with that let me turn it over to sayyi cite need to talkt uavs activity. Thank you, jim. We believe as jims headwear at the cusp of a new age of exploration, new space age that affects literally every human on earth. You can say that we believe as well tha that in order for us to move into the future, in order for us to embrace both the opportunities and challenges of the future, that Space Exploration is the next step, especially in uae. Our goal simply is to be able to collaborate and to be able to contribute to humanas efforts in the cosmos. Dash im supposed to have a clickable and i will just say move to the next slide. What jim forgot to mention is i am as well the Program Director of the uae new program of the mars 2017 program here next slide. As i said our mission, our vision is quite simple. We would want to enable the uae to contribute to humanas efforts into planetary travel and interplanetary living and so on. Now, how we might achieve that vision is by establishing a lasting colony on mars of the year 2117 with international collaboration. So the pillars of this program are education. We want to embed a culture of discovery, culture of exploration into the next generation and generations to come. We want to focus as well on research and development and contribute to the global efforts of colonizing the red planet and other bodies in our solar system as well as collaborate and build effective and lasting collaborations with individuals, with Research Institutions and space agencies, as well as, and this is quite an important pillar, as an enabler. We want to enable to place an active role in enhancing the global efforts toward the red planet and other planetary bodies. Now, we understand that this is a global effort. We cannot actually, its quite hubris of us to say we will do everything. Based on the resources and the challenges that are presented, and the opportunities, we see roles to this program. Click on, yes. One, we see ourselves as supporters of some of the projects. And so we see ourselves as orchestrator is where we bring two different entities together and we set the grant and we let them run. And finally we see ourselves as well as activators and leaders of some of these niche programs or areas that have not been explored yet. Some of you may ask why are you guys really doing this. Simply is, we live, in the uae we live in a rough neighborhood, in the part of the world with the neighborhood that has over 100 million use with 35 unemployment. In the uae we seek to pass. One, that these numbers create a negative impact, and im sure you guys know what im talking about, or it creates a positive impact. This is one we are betting on. We want to show the regions and the youth that if you invest in science and technology, if you contribute to humanities efforts, youll be able to uplift your regions and truly be at frontier of science and technology with the rest of humanity. To show a message that through science, through technology, truth based exploration we can contribute and do good, and add to humanities knowledge pics so this is a brief overview and im also open for questions. Thank you. [applause] okay. Lets now switch. Thank you. First of all, i would like to say and you very much to give me a chance, right chance to introduce our work. Now, we just made japanese integrated space expiration scenario like this, about 400 pages. So we just finished the first examination titled to make integrated expiration scenario in design. This is a picture was integrated scenario. And as you can see, the upper left side is, we put on the mmx so that is an sample of mars expiration. So about this scenario integrated not only science points, we put on future human exploration mission. So this integrated scenario is very easy, divided every important element. So most of the important part is about five area. So of course our final goal is to human, human to mars. How do i say, the nation is mission most important point, the Mission Requirement is needed to, how do i say, the demonstration of lunar or lunar surface, and that point is how to make enough convenient ways for the human to the mars mission, like ability, or effective ability. This integrated scenario is very, very big picture. So we just of course believe to international conflation is very important for the affordability or effective ability. The former slide, please. Our next step is to our final goal of course is human to mars but next slide, please. Of course we have already cooperate with our Feasibility Study of the international partners, but our original mission is, shows on this slide. Next step is utilization on the moon. If we can find water or ice on the surface of the moon, we can use that resource for the fuel for launch vehicle or returning vehicle. So it is one idea, one of the ideas to make much more human to mars mission to be making much more convenient or objective. This one is our assumption of this, our japanese integrated scenario. Im so sorry it is very brief introduce of our japanese total scenario, but maybe i will have chance to make much more detail next chance. Thank you. Thank you very much. [applause] i have not, lets say, very big scenario to show you up. Instead, i will talk a little bit about the mission in which ive been involved in the last years, which is the mars mission. You know, that margin is articulated on two launches. One is the launch that has taken place last year in march as taken spacecraft to mars, together with [inaudible] and the Second Mission is going to leave the earth in july 2020 now. You can see from this slide, this presentation, the two missions are launched by means of a russian vehicle, the proper launcher. The first mission, the 2016 which has been launched as they said is made of two spacecraft, the orbiter which provides also, is bound to but also the communications between mars and earth for the future assets to be launched to the red planet. And the landing module which you may have known and not completely Successful Mission i would say in october last year, whereby it arrived about four kilometers from the marshall space and then failed to do the last part of its mission because of gyroscope problem. The Second Mission is the one which all the focus is now provided in europe, at least for the part of the interplanetary exploration field. It is also launched by and is articulated on more complex spacecraft. There is a carrier which will bring it to mars, a lander, a ladder containing a rover. A rover of about 350 kilograms approximately. The mission of which is to explore the mars base and the mars sub face in search of presence of life, either ended the life or current life. The organization is lets say led by my company which is an Italian Company and this organization as the major contributors france for the over of the 2016 mission and our self for the demonstrator module. It was built it was built on the premise of italy. The 2020 mission we have a major contribution from germany for workers design, development and manufacturing testing of the carrier module. And there is a larger, the larger lets say contribution to the module is from russia due to the International Cooperation field. To this demonstrator module, italy contributes with a significant part for what concerns the guidance and navigation and control of the module itself based on the experience that we have acquired in the 2016 mission. And finally, the rover is produced by uk with also for the good contribution from italy which provides can will provide the rover operation control center. So come back to the 201 the 2016 mission, there was a primary objection to demonstrate the visibility of the landing on mars. Im used to say that we demonstrated twothirds of the objectives because we did [inaudible] very i would say with a good, very good fitting with our simulation and forecast. We didnt do the landing, unfortunately. Or we did hard landing, i will say. [laughing] mars is really hard. Lets say unfair. But nevertheless, we have now and orbiter around mars, which is doing pretty well, actually its running, im used to identify the space capsule as human with that he and she, it is and it. It is going to father, longer idle breaking season, and today is doing pretty well. It has already provided a very good support to the imposition and landing, providing the communication between the demonstrator module during its landing dish and phase. Six minutes of the transmission. Not a lot that we would use for the 2020 mission. Beside that the orbiter will provide science important science contribution by looking for the traces of gases in the Martian Atmosphere which might be an important trace of existent or existing life on mars. The 2020 mission as i said before is much more complex. The main target of the mission is to find the proof of the existence of life on the red planet. And for this this is a very complex analytical level which is installed on the rover and that will provide all the experimental means to find this proof of existing or existing life. The rover is also equipped with a degree which will allow to dig into the sub face down to the depth of two meters, and which it is supposed, the effects of the radiation are, let me say, new and, therefore, if there is the possibility to find something still alive, this will be the right depth to start with. This is trace gas orbiter together with its landing module which was mounted on top of the space craft. You can see in this picture also the big 2. 2meter diameter antenna which is used by the trace gas orbiter to communicate with the earth. And here the demonstrator of the landing demonstrator module, named for the famous italian astronomer who is one of the pioneer in the study of the red planet at the end of the 80s, of the 19th century, 19th century. Here you have a picture, especially a picture of the front shield which was supposed to protect the spacecraft from the high friction during the entering of the mars atmosphere. Actually it did its work. We have to prove that the lander was well protected and the front shield separated correctly at the right time and the space craft was alive when the front shield separated. Here an overview of the 2020 mission with the compass it on the left, that they can module which is 1200kilogram model containing 350kilogram rover. And on the right you have the first that is coming in regarding the carrier model which is a first one which is being manufactured. This is a factory model which is now ready for the testing. Of course this is dummy model pictures to electronic and no equipment on it. And then finally the rover configuration. The rover is, i say, the focus of this 2020 mission. On the left side you have the vehicle with the panels deployed, and the mast on which the navigation camera are mounted. On the right, instead, you have a drawing of, and the model i would say of the analytical level we draw which is important part from the scientific point of view. Its rather a complex system which is now in to reno, where mounting, assembling the model of it. And, in fact, this is a view of the analytical level. On the left side of this model, which is a good representation of the final flight one, and on the right side the detail of the crashing station, which is being tested now. I have seen it working a few days ago in our assembly rooms. I think this is it. Thank you very much. [applause] i think this gives us some great opportunity for some questions that you may have. So if we can turn up the lights and be delighted to entertain some questions. Here we go. Thanks to all of you. Im larry young of mit. The remains and interest in treatment of microgravity and countermeasures for the humans to mars mission. And among the many ones that have been discussed is trying to prove the adequacy of artificial gravity during the interplanetary portion. Now, i know theres been consideration in japan at jaxa of the possibility of demonstrating human artificial gravity inside the hdd. Could you tell us where that stands . Yonow. How do i say . We also propose Development Safety study. So how do i say,of course thats our budget. Landing is a very big important problem. So htvx, main process is to be cheap transfer. But, of course, we, how do i say, assuming for another extra excavation, so maybe, is not decided yet, tbd, but need we can try to do, how do i say, our gravity application for our transfer vehicle. We wish you success. Thanks. Thank you so much. Good morning. My question is specifically for the uae. With all your success in Northern Africa you been able to provide such beneficial products for the weather and improving the life of those who are living in the farmlands and everything. So with that comes your Political Support that i presume finances your success now. In regards to that social pressure that youre going to feel, how and what you think that youre going to provide that leadership of the niche qualities you mentioned earlier with the giving humans to mars . Can you just repeat your question . In regard to the social pressure that youre going to face because you currently make products that are great for the average citizen, but what does mars had to do with them . With regards to the social pressure what i going to be able to provide that niche leadership you mentioned earlier . Thats a very good question. Thats a question that we still get today, even though, for example, its currently in its cdr this week in fact. For us its a lot of people dont understand, and if you can understand why they dont get why humanities benching into the cosmos. Whenever you start to explain a lot about water filters that are used today and that are used in rural areas, they give them water and so on, come as a direct spinoff from space. Then you start getting the aha moment and they go yes, invest more in that. Because ultimately once you show them the spinoff and how todays modern society is based on Space Exploration, to a larger extent people start to understand. And its just that aspect is the awareness is not there yet, so once we start, and a lot of the efforts in the mission to mars was and what unawareness aspect. Allowing the people to understand why were doing it was a vital aspect and making sure that the impact is sustainable. So we are focusing on awareness was, was and still is, a big aspect of all of our missions in fact. And were gradually starting to see, starting to get the acceptance of getting and going to mars. One aspect is, and thats where we got a lot of the positive feedback is a lot of countries in the region are telling us that we commend you, you guys are at least investing in space and are venturing into space. Because someone has to. The arab world, we believe it needs a homegrown model of exploration, and of utilizing scientific technology. Okay, good luck. Thank you. Im going to try to adjust the mic. I am curtly studied Mechanical Engineering in new jersey. Its really exciting to see this really great panel of multinational people coming in from different parts of the world, especially hear from the uae that there is a mars mission, up. I recommend you guys for your efforts. I will start with that by saying quickly nasa really appreciates this international partners. We contribute to some of their missions and they contribute to summers our missions and i think that is really important. We will continue to do that and grow it as other nations become partners in have the ability to go out into the solar system. We welcome that. I understand from the questions here that the reason there is a lot of interest and concern on what is the scientific exploration of our solar system. If we can guess the right support to do that from people and from the human kind, in a way, i think that we are faced with one of the, lets say, the important point of the human destiny because that is the destiny is to explore and to try to improve always. I would say independently from the final, it is something that is inside humankind and therefore, i think, there must be a mix of private investment in Public Investment to do the these. We have to design our future in that way. If i might add for us we started our Space Program along 15 years and we transitioned into many factors in the Space Program within ten years. We started that phase was present nine engineers to south korea in a Knowledge Transfer program and they stayed there for almost a decade. We brought back that knowledge. With the Emirates Mars Mission we are clamoring with universities on and the university of california at berkeley and asu. The message in with researchers that are educating the transfer knowledge for us it was very important. We are working toward transitioning that knowledge to others that want to contribute to the sector into Space Exploration. We are currently seeing interest in that endeavor from the region and even from the greater region from that aspect. I remember when we first announced the Emirates Mars Mission was can we join in and we had people from all over social media sending us and asking us can we join in. We want to hang out and be a part of the mission. Again, forcing that human aspect of mars is a platform of hope and allowing people to dream big and to make sure a statement of you can get to mars and do anything. Next question. Hello. Lawrence, uc berkeley. I have a question for the xo mars mission specifically the life detection experiments. I have seen and you are well aware and equated with the controversy that stems from the biking search for life experiments and the dilemmas that can be detected life initially and one by one with the exception of the labeled release experiment, it went away. The private investigator will tell you that he found life on mars. What ended up overruling him and those other experiments was something that resonates with all of us. Carl sagan said which is an extra ordinary claims require extraordinary evidence and life must be the explanation of last resort. You are sending a craft to search for life that will be embroiled in exactly the same issues unless you have addressed how those experiments will do what biking couldnt do. Im curious how you will do that . Maybe i am not the right person to ask this question because it goes into a scientific expect that i am not an expert of. Lets say the analytical is supposed to perform a series of. Trumpeter analysis of the samples that are taken from the surface or from the subsurface of the terrain that will, lets say, inspect. There are three experiments, as far as i know, three instruments aboard that are supposed to perform this type of analysis. On board the rover and in the laboratory, we have the possibility to do and to take 20 or 25 i dont remember but samples from the ground train, on. And to subject a series of analysis. In a way, we think that this can give a good probability of success and those can provide a transference which will detect and is correct and things like that. Actually, we think that the experiment should avoid what happened in for instance with the viking mission and the living experiments that gave only one proof of the life, of possible life, but it was not proven by the other experiments by definition. With that, we will have to end. Its a very exciting topic and, indeed, lets think our Panel Members for the wonderful discussion. [applause] your program says there will be a mystery guest from hollywood, a special message. Regrettably, that is not happening. However, i have something just as good, i think. She might not have been in movies but she will engage and educate a very broad audience. This is a good thing, i would say. He is director of. [inaudible] which tries to invigorate the hunger for science and its and many. [inaudible] [applause] good morning everyone. Standing up in front of an audience expecting a hollywood celebrity is certainly Risky Business absolutely. Nonetheless, i am pleased to help transition us to a discussion focused on inspiring the martians of tomorrow. As we have been discussing, getting humans to mars is a challenging task and it requires a clear technical plan and financial and public backing and people to carry out the multiple required missions. So, we need to cultivate this vision and support in our future workforce. To begin with, we need to motivate a broad audience to actually care about humans going to mars, why we are going; how we will get there; and what we will do to make them feel involved in the process. Using the film analogy that all of you were expecting and are possibly disappointed about not having, we want to give people a chance to turn the lights and cameras on and have them tell the story of mars expiration, really engaging them in making them a part of this human venture. I am pleased to let you know about project mars. Its an activity opening later this month and it is a global film and graphic arts competition inviting college and early career professionals to visualize the journey to mars. The activity supported by a nasa and several orion and sls partners and will remain open for an entire year and culminate in a screening event at multiple venues in fall of 2018. Getting back to those hollywood film celebrities, we will have some key figures from hollywood as judges for our final selection. He would like to know more, please visit our website or contact me and please encourage people worldwide to participate and learn more about our human venture to mars. Exploring mars is likely a longterm human activity spanning multiple generations. We would also like to help our current children to feel a part of this human story, encouraging them to become part of our future mars varied workforce. We want to learn them about science and engineering and all the analytical skills required to do those important jobs. We also want them to be able to communicate effectively and also think creatively. And thus fostering what we have been discovering this morning which is the engagement, innovative, and collaboration it will take us to get to mars. Id like to briefly mention that we are also developing a second and science integrated art activity to inspire and educate children for a recurring Multimedia International art contest about mars and if you are interested of hearing more and potentially party with us, please, let me know. As you are about to hear in the next coming session, what is really important is that we engage and educate. That is the future of Mars Exploration and all of us can help with this important task. Working together, we can inspire the world about space and get humans to mars. Thank you very much. [applause] i now have the great pleasure to announce one of the future generations because if we look at the panel so far we are all rather old friends, arent we . To face it, in 16 years time, i myself will be 75 and i am not going to mars however much i would like to because i am simply too old and i wouldnt pick me if i were in charge of making people because there must be younger, better suited people but the next person might just be one of the passengers on the first flight. Im talking about michael, an eighth grader who has a passion for space. He has a passion for space policy and for public speaking and we are very happy that you have been with us today. Michael,. [applause] thank you. I am so excited to be able to be here today. And to be a part of the human to mars movement. I am looking forward to this great experience and to learn from some of the leading space expiration scientist, policymakers and experts from nasa and beyond. As a child growing up during the end of the spatial era, space expiration has always been fascinating to me. As time progresses, i believe it is a necessary part of our very existence. Im sure everyone here can agree that traveling to mars is not only something that we should do but something that we need to do because we need to make countless scientific advances to make human colonizing a different planet of future reality. While he may not be a scientist, leader in space expiration, certainly follows the world of Ralph Waldo Emerson who said do not follow where the path may lead, go instead where there is no path and leave a trail my generation has the undeniable opportunity to be a part of something that is very larger than ourselves. Its larger than our planet and yet truly beneficial to the entire human race. To accomplish this goal of humans reaching mars, there is an exact guideline to follow yet one thing is for certain, combining the creativity, passion, intellect, experiences of people across all ages and stages of life, success is not a farfetched dream. It can be a certain reality. In the next few minutes i will share from a student view. While we need to go to mars; why my generation will lead the charge to do so; and how the curriculum which is being implanted at my school and many others across the country will give us the skills required to reach the red planet and, please, exclusive the cliche, go where no man has gone before. Going to space reaps many rewards and some of them may help everyday life here on earth. Since mars and earth have many similarities, it makes sense to explore the distant planet for a possible opportunities that could improve our quality of life. With that said, what country is better served to do so within the United States of america, the very country that landed the first man on the moon. Scientific research is based on and is improved on earth. The nassau Spinoff Program has brought Great Technology such as led, artificial limbs, Highway Safety advancements, and best of all, tank. [laughter] on mars we have the ability to conduct extensive Scientific Research and to help us understand how to live on foreign planets. , as well as to better help us live on earth. Scientists think that we could look at agriculture on mars to help us farm here on earth. Scientists think that we need to see how different substances will react to the Martian Atmosphere, to better understand the planets from a human perspective, not just looking at it from a rover. Lastly, by going to mars we are able to explore the planets in a better way and be able to learn more about creations as well as our galaxies. Mars will help us be able to pioneer ways of new technology for the future, as well as conducting research to learn from during the present. There is a big possibility that there is life on mars. If we find life on mars it would be a colossal discovery. Christopher, a british astronomer says you cannot rule out the fact that a mars rock with life and it landing on the earth takes off pressure life and you can only test that by finding life on mars. Nasas number one site mars is to determine if there is life on the planet. If we do find life on mars, it may not be like the aliens in star wars or star trek but it will still be a monumental discovery in exploring our universe. Lastly, going to mars will allow us to possibly colonize another planet. This is so important as elon musk, steven hawking, and bill nye and many more genius people is that going to mars is not an option but is a necessity. Colonizing mars will help ensure the survival of the human race in a number of ways, not only would it helps explore the planet in an entirely different ways but it would also give us advantages economically and politically. We would gain important resources on the planet. On top of that, this allows us to have a jumping off point for future Space Missions and to go even deeper into space. Exploring it mars is something we cant wait to do because if we dont take the initiative, other countries will. This generation is so pivotal to the future of this country but also going to mars. Mars is something that we cant wait to explore. It is something that, i believe, makes us humans and establishes curiosity and our goal to explore the unexplored. This curiosity can be seen in my generation as it follows the message to investigate science in order to make sure that we go to mars, my generation does not only need to ask the important scientific question but ask advocate to congress for more funding for Mars Exploration. My generation continues to work with us seem to curriculum and this is important when trying to go to mars. I experienced this firsthand every day at my school. The school like many others across the country does great with science fairs but we go beyond that. We have a wind tunnel, we conduct High Altitude balloon stat fights, we utilize the global Start Network and we learn orbital mechanics in our aerospace classes. At my school we started a cube step program in 2013, and in february we learned we were the only k through eight grade school selected through nasas cubes data launch initiative for a launch in 2018. As a part of the program, we will launch our cubes that into space. Aside this, we get handson experiences with experts in the field of science by engaging with and learning from institutions such as the Scripts Research institute and the university of florida. Also, we compete in many competitions that are not only for middle schoolers but also for High School Students. These competitions include, but are not limited to, the National Space society, space settlement competition, army corps of Engineering High School competition, and the explore vision competition. We hope to lead the way to a more thinking approach to better prepare this generation for the jobs that will need to be done in the future. To pursue these goals all of our future missions will be driven by rigorous scientific questions that will continuously evolve as we make and new discoveries. Brandnew technologies will enable us to explore mars in ways we never have before resulting in higher resolution images, precision landing, and even the return of martian soil and rock samples. In order for this mission to be a success, we as a country need to come together and realize that going to mars benefits at all through improving civilization, great scientific advancements and new technology. By the end of this week it will have it reinforced by the inspiring people in this room that it is imperative that we explore mars. It is up to us to pass that knowledge onto our leaders and hope they will listen. Thank you. [applause] that was inspirational. To inspire you even more, three things the Lockheed Martin martian experience bus, exit the building, go left, go left again and its behind the building, you will find it. In the basement you can experience virtual mars was the first mark and theres the ability to suit up for the occasion and a tshirt. [inaudible] you have your pick. The next panel is, again, about invigorating our youth and invigorating our society. The moderator of the panel is lance busch, president and ceo of the Challenger Center, the educational Nonprofit Organization created as a living tribute to the Seven Members lost in the challenger shuttle tragedy. There are 43 Challenger Centers at the moment and they engage students in dynamic, is on experiences to strengthen their knowledge and, of course, to pique their interest and keep their interest aimed at team. I wont use more time because i dont want to eat into the panel. Lance and your ladies, because there are three ladies in his panel, please, come up. [applause] this is always tough to follow the best speaker of the day. [cheering] my deep apologies to my other friends but, you know, this panel appropriately follows michael who, i have to say, every time i work with kids and we see kids like this, i feel so confident that the future is in great hands, regardless of the challenges we have today. [applause] i want to make that point and to start that out that as i sat in the audience earlier, i saw so many friends and colleagues and we are Community Space is a community and we are people who have dedicated our lives to exploration and the benefit of humanity. Our project is so farreaching and were talking about going to mars is our goals are 2030 and wed like to get there earlier but if youre thinking about it even in our lifetime through the we cant even finish the projects in sometimes within our career and we have to hand it off to younger people, younger engineers and scientists coming in. Quite frankly, we are talking about mars the first person to step on mars is probably looking at a classroom window today somewhere around this country or could be in this audience. We do have some students here and i want to talk about them in a bit. Those students have to have a basic understanding of the step subjects and being knowledgeable and literate and they will be our future leaders. I have a panel here today that will plot share thoughts about what we need to do and where we need to go and the issues we are facing because this is not easy what we do. We need world experts to help us. These students that we are talking about i said it may be someone looking out a window right now of the classroom and these are what we call at the Challenger Center we call them martians of tomorrow. They will be in the most technologically advanced, innovative generation weve ever known. To be fair, every successive generation is one that we hope will be but i want to get going in this and introduce my panelists in the middle here in the red and black is jerry. She is the director of elementary instruction at Frederick County Public Schools and shes been an advocate for structural excellence for k through five students for 26 years. She knows that the stuff she was a classroom teacher and shes a supporter of what causes students reflect on their working and make their learning visible. I will point out that these three ladies represent a spectrum of educational support. Jerry is at the front end of these k through five students and robin who i will introduce is director of workforce Industrial Base development at Aerospace Industries association which most of the people here are either members and very well aware but robin has 25 years in the private and Public Sector and she focuses mainly on strategic, national, global, corporate social responsible he programs primarily through k12 Stem Education. She has gone ill embarrass her by saying that not only professionally but personally she has three children and shes raised them and one of them in a couple theyre all doing in stem fields now and a shameless plug is her screen saver on her computer is her daughter in the Challenger Center with sally ride and being inspired to go on to other things. Robin will have a perspective for both the professional but as a parent. We also have janet id much is the creator of janets planet and shes committed to enriching the lives of children via education Live Performances on tv and online. She is a great following in 25 years and childrens entertainment and education space and she has received 12 regional emmys and ask gracie allen rewards and 140 plus Public Television stations nationwide and shes had a huge impact. Before can i get around the applause for these ladies. [applause] before i go any further i want to introduce one more group and i talked about this a little earlier. The students, the reasons i am here. We do have a group of students here today and thats why i kept saying there may be that martians here we have a group of ninth graders from el haynes nice grade public charter school. Could you stand up . Are they still here . There they are. Stand up, please. [applause] thank you. Not only are they here to hear about the future from you in a bit after lunch they will go across the street and we have a simulated launch to mars on sls that they will be flying and they also are going to design a 3d mars habitat with 3d pens that we had brought with us we had the Challenger Center crew and i want to thank our corporate sponsors who helped us with that, georgia rocket foundation, boeing in our longtime partner, nassau. We are here to talk about the summit to mars, humans to mars summit so its appropriate to talk about why mars. A few months ago i wrote an optic piece in the Huffington Post about why mars and from our perspective is more not just his destination but the defining moment for this next generation. I want to start with you, janet. Why mars . I say why mars because jean said we are on a journey to keep an appointment with whatever we are. Also why mars because its the promise and provocation of expiration is the greatest science adventure story of all time. Its like the great out west and we have to go corporate. Why mars why not . Its a possibility of donning a spacesuit and traveling 140 miles away from earth and i want to go. Also, why mars, because we work k through five or eight students and i know a group of thirdgraders back home in henry max schools that donned their jackets with their latest with astrophysicist on it and they designed the whole martians habitat and when i asked them why mars, they say because we want to be the people to go. Fantastic. Robin. This is for you out there, you own this. When i was a young girl it was all about landing on the moon and i witnessed that and then it was now what. Mars is exciting. When i was at the Johnson Space center couple months ago i saw what goes along with there are full companies of young people describe designing space suits, they want them to be slim and trim like workout close today. Your generation and 250,000, im told, will go up into orbit. Its exciting to see what students will be able to do in the jobs that will talk about later that will go along with a mission to mars. I think it generates excitement as the moon did for us. Jerry. Simply put, for us and education, its not just mars mars is a great goal but its also about making the impossible possible and helping kids to see that we have dreams and goals and some of those are big goals and its okay to dream and okay to think about things that others might say were impossible and we can do that. We want our students today to be thinking about what could be possible and not be boxed in by what others say is impossible. Fantastic. Lets talk about the bigger Stem Education issue which is why we are all here. I think generally when you have a panel like this its because youre trying to solve a problem but this is a concern. There continues to be a growing concern that todays students dont leave school prepared to take on Higher Education stem programs or enter the work force and some have a plastic lake of understanding of stem subjects that has a negative impact on the students ability to succeed and in an increasingly competitive workforce. It affects business ability to fill those jobs. It directly affects our economy, our ability to achieve things in the Us Department of congress estimate jobs in stem will experience double the growth as non stem fields and that will lead to a surplus of Career Opportunities because theres just not enough students to follow the stem pass to me the economys needs. As we sit in this room, living and breathing stem, as we are disciples of it knowing its important and what lies ahead we know we have a lack of talent in our industries will suffer and its a risk. This is a real risk. I started my career in nassau with Aerospace Engineer and we designed what you define is risks and this is a risk to us getting to mars. Thats a key reason why we are here. Its our first topic. Lets start with you, robin, because we talk about workforce you are at the end. Your industry that you represent at aia because many billions of dollars and the revenues and jobs and much everyone who is in your organization is helping us get to mars. What do you see in the industries and in the age of current employees what is causing the problem . If you ask any of our ceos what keeps you up at night there are a lot of answers to the questions but every one of them says the future Talent Pipeline in our future workforce. What happens when i retire and all of my direct reports retire. Who is coming up behind them . We dont know when that wave will occur and we been talking about the big retirement in the stem field for a number of years and the frustration keeps many working than they would have but we know that wave will come and weve got to have the students coming up behind him. Theres a number of things that we are concerned about and not enough women and minorities going into the stem field. We need to do better at that and its a known fact that were plugging along but thats a concern that we have, too. Of course, the skills gap. We all talk about the skills gap in the jobs that are going to be needed in the future, currently and in the future, dont often match up the skills that students are learning today. Theres a gap there and that will affect productivity, innovation, threaten our us Global Competitiveness at times and how can we close that gap. That is a concern. We also need students to know not only about extreme opportunities for learning highlevel math and science skills but also can they communicate, can they collaborate and work as a team. Those soft skills are important in our industry to be successful. I wont go on and on but we see in our industry is we have a Communications Problem and were not talking to the students and our story that we have high paying jobs and that there is a career in aerospace and Defense Industry if you choose that. Were not getting out there and having a millennials go back and talk to the students et cetera. The other thing is that technology is changing every day and its hard for us to match that up with what students are learning today and we talk about how we dont know what the job is exactly will be tomorrow and you heard a lot about that today. With all of those issues and the fact that in aerospace and defense you have to have security clearances and we cant hire from overseas and theres a number of things that go into it but thats what keeps us up. Thats why we do have a shortage of stem for those reasons. We need to communicate how great the skills are. Yeah, its exciting. Its exciting. Thats what takes me to jerry. Youre seeing the kids at the early age so why dont students show an interest in stem subjects and their going on to careers in other what you think is happening . First i will say today our youngsters are every bit as talented as youngsters have come out of school for the past 5070 years. They are enthusiastic in kind and concerned about the world around them. And the far more globally connected than they ever have been. However, i we have prepared them to do what we have prepared them to do. In the past 20 years in education, although accountability is a good thing, we have set our students and teachers up for being focused on answers rather than being focused on problems. When the students are focused on answers and when teachers are focused on answers they are not necessarily learning to think and to enhance the skills that robin was talking about what we call the foresees, some schools have five, 67 or ten. Weve not been setting them up but we been focused on the accountability that we all had to work toward and make sure that we are showing our students are being successful we were showing the students being successful in a way that is not necessarily helping us create students who are wellversed in the stem or seemed type fields. We say in education that assessment drives instruction in that is a good thing in the classroom but when assessment drives instruction from the perspective of standardized multiplechoice test that kids have to learn how to take is we are cramping that ability for kids to be creative and teachers to help students learn to think. Not only have our students grown up in this environment but our teachers have grown up in this environment too. Have an entire generation of students and teachers have been trained in this way. The good news is that the pendulum is swinging back a little bit and in my School System and in virginia we are becoming more focused on problem based learning and more focused on assessment that help show knowledge as opposed to spitting out what they know in the foresees are being embedded into classrooms and into the curriculum and students are expected to show how they are collaborating and expected to show creativity and Critical Thinking and are expected to communicate. We are coming back in that direction and building in a stem or seemed type contact into the curriculum and is one way that we are getting there. We are focused on the fact that we need to do better for our students and we need to do head in a better direction from that perspective. To build on what both of these great ladies have said is i feel and im a huge advocate for connecting students with role models. Sometimes there is a lack in industry professionals, Hidden Figures is the best pr move that science made to learn the story about Caffrey Johnson and mary jackson and to see those brilliant, persistent women on her intelligence. We have to start honoring the gift that we were given to stand in our inherent magnificent and say we had the best heaters on top of our shoulders. We rob ourselves of the great experience we take arts away from science and say you are one of those creative types. Janet, go sit over there. Thank god i had a teacher who saw my creative and science proclivities allowed me to do both. Letting our art and former science and let them go together. There is a great video running around on facebook that they did a study that we have to create aspirational science. All you writers and artists and videographers, celebrate science stories. They did a story in the study there was 5000 childrens books and only 25 of them had zero female characters. In Time Magazine listed the 100 best childrens books of all time and only 53 had females that spoke. Died on down, across childrens media only 19. 5 of female characters hold jobs or have career aspirations. I am here to tell you, ladies, smart is the most beautiful thing that you can be. [applause] for me, for those of us dreaming the dreams of mars and asteroids and deep space and all of these things we have to stand up and mentor and show up and we have to be the best mouthpiece for science. Well. Im glad you brought that up. For small, personal note, i am old enough i started my career in Nasa Langley Research and Catherine Johnson was in her last year that i met her when i was a young engineer. I was very glad to see that movie, as well. You are right. We need everybody and we need more students engaged in so appreciate these comments. These are fantastic. Im setting up the problem and now i but you appear for a reason. Now you have to come up with a solution. From our side the Challenger Center, we look at students to say we are committed to igniting that potential within each student. That to us is a key. Jerry, you talked about the standardized testing and it drives me nuts even im a parent of a 12 yearold and i feel like if we get students excited, energized about stem subjects and open their eyes to new skills and that will prepare them for the future. That will carry them forward in their careers and lives. The Challenger Center will do that in the way you do that is by handson stem programs. You have to let them run experiments and do a simulated mission, feed the excitement. In the Challenger Center mission they complete tasks together. They work as a team and get occasions and we give them a chance to see these queers they had. So, this afternoon, like i said, the students in his audience will do some of those things and im hoping that maybe 25 and 30 years from now ill read about one or a couple of them stepping on mars or being in the rocket scientist. The Challenger Center has been around for over 30 years and we have those stories already. We have those in Mission Control and astronauts in a doctor and thats my philosophy but i have you experts. Jerry, i will start with you. What can be done from a formal education standpoint even within society that relates to education you get more kids engaged with stem . I was just reading an article a couple weeks ago that talked about Stem Education and starting kids early and they were advocating for starting as early as preschool and there is a big push in our nation and in our state to make sure that we have preschool education for more and more students, if not all of our students. A lot of times we think they are too young to be engaged or involved in scientific thinking or mathematics. The reality is kids come with knowledge. They come with a National Curiosity about the world around them and they are ready and focused and willing to be a part of that. We have to tap into that early. We have to set up those experiences and we have to have openended opportunity for kids so they are not focused on the right answer but focused on answers or solutions because there is more than one right way to do things. We need to provide meaningful experiences for our students. A lot of times when we start down the path of problem based learning or problem based education the scenarios that we give kids are so contrived that they see right through them. For instance, the end to Learn Program that we do with Challenger Center as part of the grant that they have was focused on oceans and learning the Ocean Science and all of that from arbitrators but they were focused on the deals and those are becoming extinct and trying to find reasons why and that started them talking about the ocean patterns of currents and where they were engaged in helping to solve problems along the way and come up with ways of their own ideas to solve problems that were put for them. Our students were engaged in that they were had an opportunity to think and to collaborate and to make sure that they were working toward an end goal which is exciting to see in the classroom. We need more of that. Finally, i would say we need to lift teachers up. I dont know if you are aware but there is a National Teacher shortage and people who are thinking possibly of going into education or who might have thought about going into education because of the publicity that education has gotten in the past few years and they are running for the hills. Its not that we are getting the best and the brightest which is what we used to here which was offensive but its not even that problem but were not getting anyone because kids today to see that and they see how teachers are being cut between iraq and a hard place and they dont want to be involved in it. We have to lift our teachers up in support them and provide them with the training they need in the classroom and that is not because our teachers are uneducated there some of the most intelligent, welleducated people that walk the face of this earth and there with our kids day in and day out, loving them in nurturing them in providing for their educational as well as their other needs but they are expert in everything. We have a room full of experts in the Stem Education field who can be a part of that training and help supported and help our teachers by modeling or doing some of the things that help set up training that is positive for our teachers. We need to have ways for teachers to see the practical education of what theyre teaching in the classroom and at the elementary level is difficult to say this is what you need the math for when youre talking to a sixyearold or eight yearold but when someone comes from the field and shows them how it is applicable it makes more sense to kids. Those are the things that will help us in education. Fantastic. Thank you for the plug for our program. Janet, you are great at this and inspiring students. Tell us about one of your programs that helped inspire students and why it works. Mentoring is something and when there are amazing kindergarten and first graders and my selfproclaimed biggest fan and jackson, he was in first grade in 2015 and happened to visit the school and he had read about the new Horizons Mission and he said ms. Janet, if you talk to that mr. Allen, tell him i think pluto is a planet. On it. He still thanks its a planet, too. Fast forward a year and i get a call from a teacher and she says jackson is having a bit of a problem with his parents are going through a terrible divorce and he still loves space and science. Anything you can do to give him something. I happen to be at a luncheon, fivetime Space Shuttle astronaut and i have this kid wants space and can i send him a video or a message. I filmed a message with him who puts his business card, autographs it and gives it to me and i had to school. Jackson, this little fellow is having a tough time he comes out and he watches this video that he needs to be a good person and learn how to collaborate and study hard and learn how to be a pile eight and that little downward face became a smile and then i handed him the autographed business card. It wasnt until i realized that well, i need to call mr. Gibson and tell him and im going, i just gave a second grade and astronaut phone number so in the car i call and say you know that card but i never thought about it. Untrained. He said it would be great. They went back and forth. A seven yearold and mr. Given the current gibson who is approaching 70, spent 45 minutes on the phone with a followup package and his little world was righted again. I have seen that kind of thing when it was a one to one but it also seen it when i do a handson activity like make your own spacecraft. Nasa has a great thing on their space clip you make it out of recycled items. Ive done this at festivals and ive done it with itunes and had done it here is your space blanket analytics aluminum foil and you explain the instruments and let creativity take its place. I will tell you that i have had parents involved in the process and after one expensive parent called and said my son wanted a Spiderman Party but after coming to he wants and national party. I wish there was some measuring analytics but all i can note is that i think we are all called to put that drop of science for those who are passionate about it and pray that everyone else is adding to it and putting their job in so that our future explorers have a full cup. Thank you. Frankly, we have the advantag advantage space and dinosaurs are naturally of interest. How is it not exciting, youre going on a mission to mars . Its a natural fit for us. We have the advantage over other industries and ill refrain from getting into that. I will go to you, robin, i saved you for last because this is where i will make you work for it. You are a leader in Workforce Development in Aerospace Industry and you also happen to be the mother of three challengers and her students and all who turn into stem professional so i have two questions for you. First, what has the industry been doing that he began his work in regards to stem candidates and what programs have you put together. Second, what did you do to keep your children interested in stem, elementary, high school and into college. Headed you do it personally . Thanks for asking. Ill start with first question which is what were doing. You have academia industry and thats exactly what we think is important. That echo system of industry working with academic, nonprofit, local, state and National Government to come together and resolve these issues to get more kids into stem. We know that parents, teachers, counselors, grandparents are the biggest influencers of students we are working on communications out to the parents that stem is exciting and our industry depends on it. Here you say there is a shortage of teachers again and that the profession is not well respecter teacher and my masters is in education and i taught in high school and went into business for most of my career but i have that dual background and it breaks my heart to hear that. Ill have to take that on and see what i can do from an industry perspective. Starting early with pk, businesses now realize that with Early Brain Development and i spent a lot of my career and a couple of years ago talking about neuroscience and Brain Development so i wont bore you on that but a two, three, four yearold kid when their brain is developing its critical that they learn how to problem solve and learn how to learn. At risk kids dont always have the opportunity to go to the school. In some cases, the Business Advocates for funding for Early Childhood education and we talked about that on our panel call but i cant say enough that that is new. Weve always looked at universities and now its k12 in universities. Now we realize that we need to get in there and advocate for Early Childhood education for all students. I think that something new and different. We need to talk about the Vital Missions that are industry does and how do we do that . Oftentimes we think a manufacturing is the grandfather factory for, the dirty oils all over the place factories in a manufacturing plant and refining today is those ideas that were routed to the 19th and 20th, manufacturing and the movies that you see are not today. You can eat off the floor and the plants that i have been in an robotics is a big part of that. That advanced manufacturing with technologies that kids need to learn. Were trying to bring students into the manufacturing plant and bring students into our companies and show them what we do. Theres nothing like when you talk about handson learning, handson and visual recognition of the kind of jobs that we have in our industry. Its hard to go out to a career fair and say we build drones, to. And then we have software that manages the drones and try to relate things that kids would understand and vacancy. Our biggest competition is not each other but the googles and the amazons and the Silicon Valley jobs. The students see what google is in the use google every day and they dont often see what we do in our industries. Were starting to form those partnerships to expose kids to the exciting job that we have. Lastly, were trying to talk to them about Career Advancement and the salary levels that we have. Help the student debt. We hear about College Students come out with college debt and companies that attract them into the Companies Offer scholarships. That is new and different, too. I didnt see that, under an eightten years ago. Other than education policy, working as an echo system, thats what we are doing in terms of programs and as far as my children go, i will make a short, i do have three stem children students or young professionals, now, the advantage of a mom who did Corporate Community relations for trw for ten years and then i went to another system and a lot of evening and working on and weekend activities that we managed and we supported the Challenger Center and sported space get. I drug my kids to everything. They went to the High School Science fairs because i had to present the awards for the companies and things like that. Have to say that they had more advantage of seeing these opportunities and meaning adults but if i take that out of the equation and the fact that i work as a profession, exposing kids to the space camps. So, what i say is apparent is just to expose your kids to his many things as you can. My daughter did a lot of the early math when she was in third grade. So, thats all i want to say any other thing i did is minimized the amount of computer time. It was easier than than it is now. Our kids would play four games, when outside. They learned survivor skills and Girl Scout Camp and things like that to give your kids a variety of things that i think that is rubberstamping what im hearing up here, but you know i could go on and on about the kids, but i want to bore you anymore. [laughter] thank you, robin and i did that purposely because otherwise i would be talking about my kids for the next eight hours. We have time for one more quick question. We set this up as kind of what is the problem and what is the general solution. Im all about action and we are trying to every day help kids, inspire them to move on and so im going to ask each of you, you have a room here for love the Aerospace Professionals, students here, you have the opportunity. You have made huge changes in peoples lives. Can you address this crowd and say heres my call to action to you people. What can you specifically do now what are the one or two things you can do, so robin, we will start with you. What action im going to ask you to address the students. Good. From the professional workplace and you are talk to those people. I want to know what advice you would give to students to pursue their stem degrees. I wrote these down to go through them a fast. Theres a variety of things you heard me talk about, the exposed to different things, but take there is advanced math and science courses really on to take algebra in eighth grade and take ap courses and then you have choices when you choose your college path and career path and let those traces the worst. The others to get involved in stem extracurricular, Challenger Center and odyssey and first robotics with a number of them. Do as many as you can. Plus, sports. My kids were in sports. Every season they were in a different sport, all three of them. Balance that out. Seek out internships, apprenticeships, go on informational interviews you older high school kids. Talk to Business People or folks at nasa about their jobs and career path and how they got to where they are. I really can encourage enough to go out and try to get even if its unpaid opportunities in the Business Community to learn about how business works. It helps you with schooling down the road. Burbas leadership skills etc. At the end i just want you to have fun in life are balance in your life. Work hard and play hard with my fathers mantra and i have kind of picked that up, so i do both. I have a balance in my life and i think that is important. You will make a better employee if you have balance and explore your options. What i used to tell students is when they say will thats not always cool to be in first robotics in high school and its kind of a nerdy thing and i would say remember this, others for ballplayers making fun of you will be carrying your bags one day. [laughter] they will be working for you, so anyway just knock them dead. Thank you, robin. Jerry, i again will turn it the other way. I want you to talk to the Aerospace Professionals here and what they can do to get involved with and help with students and issues you see. On going to borrow phrase we use in Frederick County virginia we are one of the first counties on east coast to have a Bright Futures organization, a Community Organization that is all the different businesses coming to bet together to partner with our School System and talk about getting your time, talent and will treasure, so from the perspective of time, i would say be engaged role model for students in your local school. Start young. The mentor to a young student. We are in need of good mentors especially men to come in and mentor Young Children who may not have a father figure or may not have a solid men in their life and so thats a really big need and its valuable. When you get give your talent you can show your expertise and show students possibilities. You can help the teachers and the school to your out how to incorporate things into their curriculum or classroom and you can address to be someone who is there to help and inspire the kids on a daily basis and treasure, no people always think we are always hitting people up for money and to an extent that is true, but thats because in an age where we expect more and more and more bar students and and teachers we are also in an age where we are struggling with being defunded in the Public School and so we dont have the funding to put towards how the programs we would like to have whether its a sending children to challenge center. In our School System we have a Stargate Center that stop our away, but not of our students get to go because they can offer only some recessions. We are making those choices on a daily basis three time you can provide meaningful instructional experiences to our students that they would not otherwise have we encourage that i welcome that in our school. Thank you. Its over to you janet. I would like you to address the students whether they go into eight stem a field or not. You work directly that a lot of young people. I have taught acting, science , dance, musical theater, so what i want to say to any young people here and especially those of you up there in the balcony is always dream big and its like life really isnt about finding yourself as much as it is about creating yourself commander chris hatch filled has a great graphic that he says dont let life kick you into the adult you dont want to become and i love that. Its your choice in whether you become a tap dancing pharmacists and you let your pardon science live sidebyside it doesnt matter because i also want to tell you that its like allow yourself to be imperfect. Perfectionism will kill creativity because you will spend so much time thinking you have to be perfect. There is any number of engineers and scientists in this room that can lifted their failures and that would be much longer than their successes, but its because of their failures that they were able to be successful, so allow that failure. I know nasa thinks failure is not an option, but maybe it should be because when i see experience experience with students go awry, thats when the learning happens in the last thing i would ask yourself is what would you want to do if you knew you could not fail . I would ask that to the entire crowd. What would you do if you knew you couldnt fail and then i would it with go pursue that. Wow. I just think i found my new mentors in life. [laughter] you will help people launch a lot of successful lives and careers. I will have yours bone phone numbers on speed dial. As moderator i would like to take my moment to say is heres my call to action to you. We recognize all of these issues and the first step is to ask you in this audience and we are asking everyone out there to just at least take the first step. Take a pledge to say im going to do something, any one of these things and at Challenger Center to even help you solidify your going to do it. Put your name down to do it. We actually have its just not a title we put up here. Its a whole campaign. Wrote a challenger. Its not been ask for money or anything like that, but for you to sam going to do something about it and even say what you want to do, but if you go to our website if you like you can take a quiz and it will take you through a series of questions about your interests and you will find out if you were going to mars what you would be, what teammates you would be on this trip. Would you be the biologists, chemists, the navigation officer , Communication Specialist . We have been having fun in the office comparing who would be what, so i encourage you to take pledge. We are trying to start a movement in this country to get behind the Stem Education and i see we have maybe a few minutes, five minutes left. So, im going to open it up to the floor for questions from the audience. There are microphones upfront here if you have a question to stand up and come down to the microphones and we will be happy to answer any question you might have. I see someone standing. Yes, they are coming here and not to the bathroom. [laughter] on a new one of my daughters very favorite Science Teacher was actually his second career. He was a scientist and came back to the classroom and i wonder if you know of efforts to bring retired or scientists back into the classroom as a second career thank you. Jury might be the best to answer that. Go ahead, jerry. I can speak to virginia and what they had been working on. We have career switcher programs through the Community Colleges or local universities that people who have had a career already who want to get into teaching can enter into those careers and there are certain courses they need to have before entering into classrooms. Although, i know our legislation was trying to make some of that pathway easier and open it up more. We do hire folks to come out of whether its the scientific field, engineering, mathematics and we are always on the lookout for people who have lived those experiences because they have a lot to offer to our students. I will tell you many or most dont stay long. Especially at the High School Level. They come in and Teach High School for a semester or two and decide that is not at all what they want to do and they quickly flee. We look for folks who are interested in them and have that passion for students and we do try to make that happen for them. I will say the key is have a passion for kids because no matter what it is you think you are teaching, you are teaching students. You might teach math to two students or science to two students. You might teach biology two students, but you are teaching students so if you have a passion for kids first it is not a deal for you. I will just add that a Challenger Center we actually have lots of scientists, engineers who retire and they still love the exploration and there are people who love working with kids and their our flight directors working with kids in the centers. They dont want a better job in the world. They are flying to mars like every day with the kids, so i think i do think its a good idea. I think that exchange helps, so next question. Hello. My question for you is, what is your advice to the kids and parents who come to a love of stem field later in life either through high school, college and the ap classes are for them . It confuses them, but they may say see things on the big screen or inspired by videos or whatnot. My first advice is there is a great book you might enjoy creating creating innovators of the future and he says we missed must let our Children Play and they may find their passion and in the middle of their passion they may find their purpose and i think it goes back to what was said earlier that instruction to assess the thing, throw that out the door. Figure out what their most interested in turkey figure out what the pathway is because we all learn so differently. Its like i come to this as my undergrad in music and theater and im working on my masters of education, but its like i come really as a creative, so sometimes i turn it on its head and see things in ways that if i were trained as a scientist i might not otherwise ask a question about, so let them be themselves and play and find their passion even if its later in life. In the middle of that they may find a connection and a doorway that has not yet been opened. There is plenty of time, i mean, even if you have graduated with your bachelors in english i can tell you from personal story, i mean, i worked at nasa for 20 years and was in charge for like a huge part of nasa that had an english degree and so theres plenty of time to change paths. I think especially young people today can pursue it and its like janet said, if you find your passion dont be afraid of it and go after it and find your mentors and find the mentors who will support you. It will be hard, but find the mentors. Another question over here . Hello. Im a High School Student and i just recently got like super interested in space and stuff and i was wondering how can i a High School Junior encourage my peers to go into stem . [applause]. Bravo. Thank you. I was going to say you take the pledge. Ill throw it over to someone else here. A number of things. Are you involved in some of the stem activities after school where they just saying they dont want to do it . I would really like to, but as of now i dont have time. Trying for next year, though. Thats a start. It could be first robotics. Remember its not always about building a robot. That is part of it, but its all about raising money, marketing and coming up with a team logo and those are two skills, actually factor in. That is one idea or pick something of interest or call us up and we can connect you with folks out in industry that have cool it jobs. As an Aerospace Jobs we call them and get motivated to see what kind of jobs you can get with a stem career because you need to see that light at the end of the tonal. If they dont enjoy math and science early on and they dont see how that applies when they come out in their career its a tough sell, but perhaps due to things, one at the High School Level with your peers and another to try to connect with industry. Thank you so much. I will speak for myself. You stay here afterwards and i give you my contact information. We would love to give you ideas on the different programs that im aware of that you could get involved in because it is what robin says. You have to find the passion and other people and connect into it we can give you a range of things. Find a good summer camp. Shortterm and there are some a good ones out there. Thats another suggestion is. If you can be our champion we would love it. Thank you so much. Thank you very much. [applause]. A member of President Trump American Manufacturing council is resigning. Kenneth frazier ceo of the Pharmaceutical Company merck resigned in response to President Trumps remarks about many sides being to blame for violence over the weekend in charlottesville. Mr. Fraser says american leaders must clearly reject expressions of hatred, bigotry and group group supremacy. On twitter President Trump responded to kenneth fraziers resignation tweeting now that can frazier of mark farm has resigned from president S Manufacturing council, he will have more time to lower ripoff drug prices. Congress returns a september 5 and plan to take up several key issues. The house and senate have until september 30, to pass federal spending bills to fund the federal government. Votes are expected by the end of the year on reforming the tax code and raising the federal debt ceiling and senate work continues on healthcare reform with Committee Hearings next month on stabilizing Health Insurance markets. Watch live, to gavel coverage of the house on cspan. Fall of the senate on cspan2. Coming up on cspan2, next its a discussion on federal regulation and gop legislation to make it more difficult for federal agencies to enacted new regulations. Later, Social Security policy expert talk about why the nations social Insurance Program is important for 70 people other than retirees. Tonight at 5 00 p. M. Eastern, the conversation continues on Social Security. This session focuses on the nations social Insurance Program finances. Watch this and more on cspan2. Every month book tv on cspan2 features an indepth conversation with a Nonfiction Author about the writing career. Adroitness on september 3, but