Shaped america. Weekends on cspan 2, every saturday, American History tv documents another story. Book tv brings you the latest in nonfiction books and authors. Funding comes from these Television Companies and more. R interviews with publishing r Industry Experts. Well also give you updates on current nonfiction authors and books. The latest book on about books, we delve into the most newest information on public Industry Experts and updates on nonfiction authors and books, the latest book reviews, and we will talk about the current nonfiction books featured on cspans book tv. We want to introduce you to Matt Brewster kale. The internet archives. Mr. Cale, what is the purpose of the internet archives . And Nonprofit ResearchLibrary Mostly used over the internet by people trying to dive deeper by clicking through on the citations on the bottom and finding themselves on webpages that mightve disappeared right at the right page to follow up and learn more. How many unique visitors do you have per day or per year . Per day about too many people coming to the website. About 5 million use the resources in one way or another. It is the 300s most popular website. People want a library. It is free. Yes, everything is free on the internet archive. The idea is that this is free public access. Yes, you can borrow books, you can look at our webpages. Its a library. When you founded this in 1996, what was your thought behind it . Universal access for all knowledge. Can we make the Digital Library of alexandria . Can we make it so that people that are curious enough to want to have access, that was the promise when i was growing up. You walk into a library, if you dont have it here, we will get it for you. That was the promise of the internet that i signed on to in 1980. I 96, it was time to build the library. We have been building this library for the last 27 years. There was a recent headline saying that the Digital Library has been a breach of copyright. What is this about . What happened is that we are in contact with a couple hundred libraries. We have been lended digitized books since 2011. We try and buy ebooks. Big publishers will not sell e books. Which is really strange. We should go back into that. Because they will not sell e books to libraries, taking the physical book so we have, digitizing them, and we lend them to one reader at a time. 26 possible readers per year for one of the books that we own. Suddenly, this became a big trauma with the publishers in the early pandemic. The idea that people could check out and read a particular book in a year. They sued the internet archives. At the District Court level in new york where they brought this, we are in california. The District Court judge said that this is not right for us to do for books that are in the publishers ebook collections that are licensed to the libraries. A couple things we want to break down. Why cant we get an ebook copy a digitized copy from a publisher . The internet archive has been trying to find ebooks. The same way that you would own a physical book. Libraries buy, preserve, and lend. The publishers in the electronic world cannot buy an ebook and you cannot reserve an ebook. And you cannot land an ebook. That is controlled by them under their terms. They will not allow you to buy it. They can take away and change electronic books at any time. When you go to your Public Library and think you are borrowing a book actually, they are sending you to their database as a publisher. And they get all the surveillance information about who is reading what on what page. That is not in the tradition of library practices. There are a few small publishers that will sell a few. Of the big libraries, they own nothing in the digital age. That is atrocious. That is why we have to do the awkward thing of acquiring physical books, storing those physically. Digitize it and lend it, one reader at a time. Using the same protections for these not very good scans. What is extremely useful for wikipedia users that want to do a fact check. People use these books for about 30 seconds to a minute. Mostly. They go to a page and check it out when they are done with it. That is what we are for. That is what we are. This is the publishers that try to make a massive lawsuit. Now it is being appealed. Its extremely expensive to come up against billiondollar corporations as a Nonprofit Research library. How do you digitize the book . Whats the process . We acquire the books, we own them, modern books. We make sure we do not have it already. We try to do this one. One book that gets digitized. He gets photographed. A person turns the page, each page and raises and lowers the glass so that it is a nice image. And clicks through the book. They check and make sure all the page numbers are there. It costs 10 per book to going digitize a book. Then the physical book is preserved forever. That is an expensive investment. Books are worth it. We take the digital file and we make it available to the blind and dyslexic. The use is to the blind and dyslexic. We have other uses available that we are allowed to do. Library loans on the chapter. Controlled Digital Lending until this bike came up and has been going on for 10 years. This is the way that we are using these. As well as machine learning. The first uses of words and phrases. Things like that. That type of research. Questions are the types of things that people are using the internet Archives Book collection four. Use the number 26. What does that represent . Two weeks. If someone wants to read a book more than just a couple pages, by far and away what happens. When it comes to borrowing a book that you are going to read, you can check out a book forever. Then you can try and renew it. There are 26 readers maximum per book. We are dealing with the 20th century. We never even put up the most recent five years of books just to stay away from the publishers interest. Their fire in the early pandemic came to light. Do you consider the internet archives to be a Community Lending library . I think it is a research library. There are different kinds of libraries. It is not so much a lending library. This is not how we see people use the internet archives. It is a research library. If you wanted to go and do some fact checks on a wikipedia article. Wikipedia, there is the assertion that makes into this article. The way that this goes on, there is a citation, can you click on it . If we want a strong wikipedia, which in this age of information, you want to make it so that people can click and see and reference the claims so that it can stand up in wikipedia. Its whatever blog post you can get a hold of. That is being poisoned by well funded institutions. That is the internet archives in the research library. If i click on one of the citations, chances are i have used the internet archive . We have 17 million broken links in wikipedia. Your views the way back machine. We go over wikipedia and try to find links and see what is changed or deleted. We have fixed 17 million broken links. They will acquire those books and we are trying to make wikipedia stronger. We have tremendous collections of theological information because seminaries are decentralized from business. They have donated theological materials. Things that are used by genealogists and the like. Thats the type of use we tend to see. How do you monetize this . We dont. Not at all. We are a nonprofit. We do accept donations. About 110,000 people go and contribute to us. Were contributing now because we are getting attacked by largescale publishers. Libraries are under attack everywhere. Politician advocating book bans, legislatures now defunding libraries. Largescale publishers and public corporations megacorporations that are suing the internet archives and suing maryland state for having that. To pass a law saying that publishers have to go and give reasonable licensing deals to libraries. They are suing the internet archive. We are seeing libraries under attack. We now have a digital world. If you have one copy on a publishers server, and they can change and delete it on any time. That is what they are doing. They changed agatha christie. Other books that are famous have been changed. Thousands of books were taken off academic bookshelves. That teachers were teaching with. We basically have a level of control we have never seen in the real book industry. Basically the netflix of books. It is not what libraries are designed for. This is a statement from the general counsel of publishers. There is no Legal Support for the notion that internet archives are libraries for billions of people to rent them from print books without the consent or compensation to the authors and publishers. Copyright not infringement is the creativity that funds the public. I dont think hes right. Libraries have been buying publishers products forever. Even before there were publishers, they bought selections and rent them out. This is the same thing in the digital world. It is only one copy that is available to everyone. It is a extremely strained world that has been going on for hundreds of libraries. Especially during the beginning of the pandemic, we had all of this investment not able to be seen in the physical world. Digitizing these and making it available is fair use, it is good public policy. And it is how libraries have supported publishers and authors forever. A 12 billion dollar industry. The Library System. It goes to the publishers products. A social support structure were about 20 of the trade books are distributed in the United States. If we crush the Library System and saying you cannot buy anything and you cannot meet outofprint works and make those available, we will see what is going on, the libraries will become defunded more and more. The Library Support the longtail of authors. Buying everything, how do we go and get that support if the publishers have their way. You use the term, fair use. What does that mean when it comes to copyright law . It is a part of the american copyright doctrine. It says that yes there is copyright and there is exemptions that are fair use and are okay to do. When these publishers went and sued google over there process, the judge said, it is fair use. They are digitizing these books and making them available and that is fair use. There is a fair use case on the control that was put in place in the United States in 1976. Before that, you had copyright for 14 years. No problem. We had a long tradition in this country in 1976. Fair use and exemptions for libraries to be able to offer add land. Those are written into copyright law and are now being challenged in the courts by these billiondollar corporations. I learned a lot about what happened when billiondollar corporations go after the small nonprofits. We have read what happens of your poor or a minority. The same part of the Justice System comes in if you are a small nonprofit. The you mentioned you are not a lawyer, what happened . I am a librarian. Starting out for a computer scientist. The idea was that i saw the opportunity was a library that we have been promising for a long time. The library of congress on your desk. Or tim bernerslee vision of the world wide web. We can make that come through. I went to library school. You know, honorary degrees. Specifically in the library world. And went to build the internet into a library that can make it so that anybody, anywhere, can learn if they are curious. This is not what the publishers are trying to have happen. That is what libraries are for. We can go and make it so that the dream of Public Education can be made broadly available to people with disabilities that did not have access to libraries we can do that fairly without impacting the publisher. They never even claimed there was a financial problem at all. 26 readers per year of a book. Will that cause damage . It helps. 26 readers per year. They never claimed any damages. It has turned a quirk of the congress that is influenced heavily over the course of decades to make it so they can stomp on libraries. How do you store the physical books . Those are carefully contained. They are not on shelves accessible. We know where everyone is in a physical archive building that is filled with boxes of books. There are millions of them. Its not like you can go back to your library and get some of these books. People are having meetings or maker labs and things like that. Libraries are the exception. They give the exception to the bookstore. They donate to us and to books for africa and other places. And they donate those books to the internet archives. We have the funding to be able to go and preserve these physical books for decades. We have been, its working. Keeping funding in the Library System and making the treasurer that people have spent their lives writing available to somebody. Even if it is just 26 readers per year, that is a worthwhile investment. Its very useful for research purposes. The founder of the Digital Library of internet archives. Archives. Org is the website. Thank you for your time. Thank you very much. Weeknights at 9 00 eastern. Books that shaped america. Cspan partnering with the library of congress to explore two pieces of literature that have any profound impact on our country. We will be reviewing this book, my antonia. English professor at the university of nebraska, lincoln. Watch the encore presentation of books that shaped america. Weeknights at 9 00 p. M. Eastern. Books that shaped america to view this story and learn about each book featured. Weekends on cspan 2 are an intellectual feast. Documenting americas story. On sunday, book tv brings you the latest in nonfiction books and authors. Funding comes from these Television Companies and more. Including