What is the premise behind it . Guest the polls become geopolitically significant, changing their place in the world. Fdr realizees this is such an important part in the world . Guest the first factor was technological. , ifr to the interwar period they tell you difficult time getting to the polar region. They were not developed enough to go where they needed to go. That means they were not usually acceptable. And anyone went to the polar region, it was a trek. Fingers and toes were lost. It was hard to get to the United States from the polar region. After airplanes developed, there was an easier access to the United States. Host lets talk about iceland and greenland, and some history behind the namings of these areas. Guest [laughter] around 982 wasc expelled from iceland. When he went to greenland, he thought the best way to get people there was naming it iceland. D rather than that was a long time before roosevelt. Host lets talk about denmarks role in greenland. What is a . Guest greenland is pretty much selfsufficient, aside from funding it gets from denmark. Greenland is not in charge of its own security right now, it is managed through denmark. That means that security agreements that were created still last in greenland today. Host you spent some time and greenland. Describe the area, the terrain, and the people. Guest greenland was far, far more beautiful than i ever thought it was going to be. If you have been to norway, is , and the houses are all beautiful and colored. The people are wonderful. Very friendly and very welcoming, and they make great coffee. Host how much time did you spend their . Guest i was there for a few months. Host why did this become a topic of interest for you . , originally. Nadian i was working on a project on the arctic in the second world war. In a very strange documentary on the first ship to sail from the pacific to the atlantic through the northwest passage, there is an American Ship blocked a canadian ship from getting a mineral. I had no idea what it was, or white americans would be blocking canadians from doing anything, because they were supposed to be neutral during the war. Sent me down a rabbit hole. Host we were inching into the pearl 1939, before harbor. A significant date is april 9, 1941, y . 1940 is probably a more significant way. That is when germany invaded denmark from norway. That made colonies and the north of venting grabs. Basically, after germany invaded denmark, the jurisdiction over iceland and greenland became question. Not occupyin could greenland, because of the Monroe Doctrine. This matter for roosevelt for a couple of reasons. He could use it internationally to forestall International Actions in the western hemisphere, but he could also use a domestically to get the American People onside with the security policy. That is what he did. On the day of the german invasion, he was in a train car from washington, and the press corps asked if the Monroe Doctrine applied to greenland. He sat back and said it was all very premature, which was published in the press. He said to the American People that he had been reading the encyclopaedia britannica and that from his readings the flora and fauna of greenland were whats more north american than english. Ins caused a major uproar the american press. There are letters to the editor, maps published. A woman stood up in congress with a national geographic, slamming down on the table, saying how important it was for americans to protect greenland. At the Correspondence Dinner a few weeks later, roosevelt said to the American People that he that theh was American People knew the Monroe Doctrine applies to greenland, when i didnt. The truth is that both roosevelt and the secretary of state thought that the minogue doctrine applied to greenland before that, but he could not say that explicitly because of this sort of battle between isolationists and interventionists in the u. S. It was a really interesting tool that president roosevelt used to help americans understand the role in the world. Host this was really part of a larger geographic chess game. Guest absolutely. It was not just went germany and the nazis, but also with japan, which sounds bizarre. After this invasion in norway, the japanese ambassador went to corona hall and said, i think you guys think that moat the minogue doctrine applies to does, it, and if it probably applies to the dutch east indies. The state department was reluctant to apply the monroe explicitly to greenland, before negotiating other agreements in the hemisphere geographically. Host lets take a step back. What is in the Monroe Doctrine, and why is that so significant . Guest the Monroe Doctrine, like roseville like roseville, is kind of an enigma. Was itly, what it said wanted to keep european powers out of the new world. Teethans did not have the to back up this statement. Over time, as American Power grew, the Monroe Doctrine and change into interbeing in latin america and the caribbean. The fact that roosevelt thought it back in his presidency, or over the course of his presidency, was really interesting and significant. He thought, rather than making it a unilateral american policy, a doctrine to defend the western hemisphere, and particularly, the United States. What roseville did in his securityy was draw treaties in the hemisphere. Host im curious, what was it like to research the topic, and how much material is out their . Guest i think part of the reason why it has not been research before is it does not fit neatly into any categories. Archive in five countries in order to do the research for my dissertation, which is on the north atlantic triangle and the legacy of the American Occupation of greenland. The archival sources are spread all across the world. To get the full picture of the story, you have to look at the history of science, business history, president ial history, and media history. The answer to your question is complicated. But, fascinating. Every time we go to an archive, we find more information, and connections between the people and places involves. Host i will go back to research in a moment, but why is the coffee so good in greenland . What is the food like . Describe how big the area is. Is the largest noncontinental island in the world. That is light is so interesting. The population is really spread out. There is no infrastructure that connects cities. You have pockets of people over the island, but theyre not really connected. They have to travel by dogsled to get from place to place. I think the coffee is so phenomenal because it has kind tradition. An cafe there is a coffee shop in the capital that has 40 or 50 types of coffee, and it is phenomenal. Only issue is they have noterved though, they do really have fresh milk, like we do in north america and the United States. Tastesthe coffee slightly different if you like lattes or cappuccinos. Host do they cater to t ourists . Guest i would say yes. Like a set, the people are really, and i was apprised by i was surprised by the number of people who speak english. If you have the ability to go back to 194041 and visit greenland, what was it like back then juggle i guess my question is how has it changed over the last 70 years. Guest that is a great question. The answer is radically. 19391941, greenland was a closeddoor colony. Denmark had a protected policy for the island that kept outsiders out and greenlanders isolated. The american entry into the island in 19401941 radically change the political scene, and also the social scene of greenland. There are only about 16,000 people in greenland and 1940, which is a very small number, en the size of the island. It is a very traditional hunter culture, which has changed now. I think the biggest changes would be social, and also political. Greenland is almost completely independent now and selfsufficient. That is another big change. Host if you go to the bathroom at the white house, you can see some of the original maps that Franklin D Roosevelt used, both in europe, and the pacific battles that we were fighting. What does this tell you about how he viewed the world . I mentioned a geopolitical chess came that he was playing. He was very analytical and looking at the world through that prism. Guest i think people say that the specialty about rosa is he views the world as threedimensional, which sounds silly, but from a military tactical perspective, that is very important. Prior to the second world war, there were led wars that were fought on land, sea wars fought on sea, but the thing that change was the idea of air. Roosevelt could see the importance of the airplane and how that changed military strategy, and also how change geography. That is how the polar region, which also mattered for flyovers of th europe. Host can you talk about the mineral advantages that it had. Guest one of the most significant things was a mineral called highlight, which was lyte, which wasy ligh used to melt aluminum. The only place in the world where you could get it was greenland. Theres only one mind in the world. It was 200 meters below sea level. The american industry and Aluminum Company of america had moved on, but the canadian aluminum industry was still heavily reliant on it. One of the reasons that prompted america into greenland was the potential canadian occupation of greenland, involving a ship going up to greenland, and sending the coast guard to beat it to the island, which they did, fortifying the mind and stopping canadians from newing any minerals until negotiations were created. Host you get animated we talk about this topic. Why does the interest you . I think it canadian, is very interesting in terms of americancanadian relations. Also, tells a really interesting story about the relationship between the United States, britain, and canada in the interwar period. Also, i do get is fascinating that no one studied it before. The polar regions are so important today, and roosevelt did so much to change americas position in relation to them, and no one has looked at it. And research, you get a lot of answers, but you also end up with a lot of questions. As you move ahead, what are your questions . Guest i have looked a lot at intond how the u. S. Went greenland, and the polar regions. Like a said before, there were technological reasons, advancements in meteorology, flight, and these kinds of things. What i want to look at more is the impact on americans in these regions, and how that is shaped greenland and antarctica. Host what is next for you in terms of your research at cornell . Guest i will turn my research into a book, starspangled ice, as we discussed. I will also look at women involved in the story. Apparently there is some spying in greenland during the second world war. Host how so . Guest i do not know the whole story, but apparently there was some intels on greenland, and reporting back to the state department. Those three women stood up in congress for greenland. Ambassador, toe denmark, apparently showed roosevelt her slideshow of her visit to greenland, which got him interested in the island. I think their story is interesting, and emergent andghtly from our emergent slightly. Host good luck with the book. Thank you for being on cspan 3. Cities tour, working with our cable affiliates, and visiting save across the country. As we can, we are joined by more about then history of literary life of santa rosa, california, considered part of the wine industry. Countys history began with wine. The first vines planted here by vallejo a very long time ago. They were mission graves. No one in their right mind would make wine out of them now. With the wine country label that theted in the 1970s, into 1980s and 1990s, we were beginning to be better and better known. Purchased folks first a ranch in the 1950s, they did not know at a time, but they saw quite a change in the ag industry happening in our little valley. It has not always been the quote unquote wine country. We have a wonderful agricultural history here in the valley and sonoma county. Londonlso visit the jack state park. We are on jack londons beauty ranch, also called the ranch of good intentions. Therthis is where jack london lived until his death in 1960. He was very productive here. In fact, two thirds of his writing was published after he moved here. Fang was white published in 1906, one year after he purchased his ranch property. The valley of the moon was published while he was living here. Write 1000 words per day before breakfast. I think a lot of his time was that, because he was trying to ranch, soty could be a model. That took a lot of his time. See all of our programs from santa rosa throughout the day on 3, American History tv. On april 26, 1913, 13yearold girl named mary fagan was murdered in marietta, georgia. Soon after, a jewish faster factory owner was arrested and charged with the crime. Talks aboutve oney this in his book, and the dead shall rise the murder of mary phagan and the lynching of leo frank. He explores the other suspects, the possibility that antisemitism played a part in the conviction, and our that the case became sensationalized because of the new york times. The Georgia Historical Society hosted this hour and 45 minute event. Welcome, i am steve oney,