I think a lot of people who complain about it they only had shared more information with each other, they do not have any idea of the difficulty of connecting many different departments and agencies many , different authorities and responsibilities and be able to move the information and pull data sets out there so you can move information and inform people at the speed of light. Something can happen, we can get intelligence in a different part of the world that would have importance. How do you move that very quickly through the system . You have national, state, local government, the cop on the street. I think americans would be impressed with what the country has done with americans like you that work in different publicsector areas, working around the clock to try to make sure that the bits of data that comes in, we are not being overwhelmed not just data , secretly but also that Data Available in open sources. How do you make sense of that . How do you interact together . Putting together that system has been a challenge. I will give jim clapper additional credit here for his orchestration of the intelligence community, making sure we interact with each other as optimally as we can. There is in engineering issue here, you want to make sure you interact with each other as effectively as possible. We have time or two more questions. I want to remind you we have david trace here tomorrow night at 7 00 p. M. I encourage you to attend. Our second to last question. I am wondering if there is a difference between the information provided to the president ial nominee, the president elect, and these finally the sitting president. Not a great deal of difference. We are in the throes of that right now. This share with more Media Attention and controversy than ever since we started this in 1952. So the briefings for the candidates are probably a bit more general, more topically in focus and do not go into operational considerations or covert action or any of those kinds of sensitive issues. After the election, when the president elect is known, then it is pretty much a parallel so that the oncoming president is essentially getting, for the most part, the same as the incumbent president. I think this is a great strength of this country that we do this and of course the intelligence community, as always, attempts to do this in as a political a fashion as possible. But the objective is to do our part to ensure as smooth a transition and handoff as possible. One last question before we turn the microphone back over to joe lambert in closing. I am curious, how many nanos does it take to manhours does it take to produce a president ial brief . That is a great question. I really do not know because it andituational articledependent. Many times articles take a great deal of research. We occasionally do what we call stanback features which are longer, take more research. Sometimes the coordination process can be painful if we have dissent. We have to accommodate those. We really do not keep track of how much time it takes and it is not a profit making thing, so there is not a need to. Our commitment is to whatever it takes to make these products, these articles as highquality as possible and expend whatever effort it takes. It takes less womenhours the then manhours because women are more efficient. What i would say is that you could have a worldclass expert putting together this that might take them six hours to draft something and additional time to working through the system. The six hours of drafting are the reflection of many years of investment in understanding the issues and that expertise really comes with a tremendous amount of effort, so what we try to give the president is the accumulation of that knowledge, that capability so that he gains the fruits of that effort so looking at the actual drafting and coordination, that is just a small part of the investment of time that goes into producing quality products. Please join me in thanking director brennan and director clapper. [applause] we have come up on the time for a break. Lets take a 20 minute break and when we return, david will take the stage. [captions Copyright National cable satellite corp. 2016] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. Visit ncicap. Org] you are watching American History tv, all weekend every weekend on cspan3. To join the conversation, because on facebook. On december 17, 1862, general grant issued an order to expel the jewish population. The order was revoked by Abraham Lincoln and would trouble grant in the coming years. Sarnathe author jonathan discusses his book. He discusses the initial reaction of the approximately 150,000 jews who then lived in the United States and france later apology grants later apology. It is about 55 minutes