Professor teaching American History and ancient history. Donna welcome are you with us . I am thank you for having me. Excellent how are you doing . More importantly how is the staff . Are you guys reopen theres a lot of energy to get all of these museums reopen how are things there . We hope to share some the energy and soon. Library is in phase one. Some are returning and doing more on site. The museum continues at zero. The numbers are training our way. We hope in short order to be in a position we can reopen the doors to the public. We are excited because just this last weekend we were open in washington d. C. The headquarters were the rotunda on saturday and sunday were testing all the systems here in washington and were eager as you say open the doors all laughing at the crowds back in. Because of our situation thats why we are doing the centennial we will learn and alisa virtually experience the president ial museum. We have great programs for us today. Im going to turn the screen over to you and lets run through it. Then we will come out for some q a at the end. Okay take you. I think we can go right to the first slide. Im going to talk a little bit about the library museum. You are going to get more gerald ford than a brickandmortar in this presentation. A little bit about the library and museum in any case. You might have it museum and eight library is separated in different buildings. They share the same campus. We are separated by estate. Our library is unique on the north campus of the university of gerald fords alma mater. Its 130 miles to the west in grand rapids. Gerald fords hometown in the heart of his district which he represents and congress for 25 years. So we are unique by having a facility separated in this way. We can get into that during the q a as to why that is. In those small parts because of the unity of the team to the presidency. One of the things we find because of that unique entry with gerald ford is we have to introduce gerald ford to our people. How other president s who ran things for the office. If you look at the next slide, thank you, im going to take you to the oval office on march 10 covid 1975. Recalling something David Mccullough said with john adams by that point have brought to lesser president s with john adams to the attention of the american most successful book was being interviewed among the 20th century residents. The president really needs to be known better. So here we are march 10 rainy monday a spring and washington talking to his chief of staff don rumsfeld were in the background as a fellow by the name of john percy. John is a Pulitzer Prize winning novelist, journalist shes working for the New York Times magazine and they asked ford for permission to follow him for a week during his presidency. President ford agreed to that the object was to write a lengthy story about gerald ford because they said americans are more about the president. The polling that was being done inside fords own sense confirmed just what the magazine was asserting. They needed to be better known by the american people. He was well known in the beltway on capitol hill and his district would we go to the next slide where he had run for office in 1948. I notice the image on the left of ford leaning in their work dungarees, he talking to them one of the things that came to be known very well about gerald ford. Much of which they already knew he was well known in grand rapids. I was in his district as a hard worker, a straight shooter, no pretense about him. He was someone who kept his word. For a few years the attorneys talking to the farmers not pretending to be a farmer himself but listening to him that they send him to congress he would carry their concerns to capitol hill. These farmers on the Fifth District turned out any primaries representative of the Fifth District replaced him with gerald ford and that in november of 1975 he won the general election. In 1948 he won the general election and was off the congress. Those on capitol hill learn the same things about gerald ford. He was a hard worker, he kept his word, he was a good listener he had a sharp mind. And that leadership on capitol hill and congress and among the congress rewarded him with important positions early in his career. 1950 when the appropriations committee. By 1953 into a majority. He has given charge into the image on the right military personnel, the dnc in south korea. Its during these early days of the cold war with bases in the pacific and europe he is traveling, attending to the armys needs, reporting back to capitol hill and help track their budget. 1956 he was given oversight. In a 1957 his place on the select committee helped draft the legislation. In 1963 Lyndon Johnson reaches out to him as one of two members of the house of representatives. But that the commissioners on the committee thats investigating the assassination of president john kennedy, the Warren Commission. We go to the next slide to use his own phrase he was going to be a workhorse, not a show horse. Not someone whos going to make his name by things giving speeches on the floor but someone is going to make his name by work on committees and learning the mechanics of congress. He was known for his constituents, thats what we see on the left. Hes sitting at his desk reading constituent mail. He had a Standing Order that all constituent phone calls and letters would be answered within 24 hours. His constituents in his district appreciated that. In 13 elections they return him to congress each time with not less than 61 of the vote. We call it at the library the ford its an aggressive calendar you might see where he jotted down, not every day but often we would get a sense of his work. For him it was not a monday friday job. He was often in the office on saturdays and sundays. They would play in statutory hall with other congressional leaders. And sometimes to be standing at his typewriter typing letters to their mother. With how much they appreciated her. He earned the reputation to the extent we know something of gerald ford he is mr. Bipartisan. And he was, he worked to weld people on both sides of the aisle. But he wasnt partisan pretty had a partisan side as well. He sat leadership. His ambition was to be speaker of the house. He begins moving into leadership in 1966 but the republican leader with what we came home as the ebb and gerry show. Before the Television Cameras they would help promote the republican agenda on capitol hill and take shots that president johnson also. He moves into the leadership by 1964 with the sites on the speakership. In the delegation rewarding him at every turn. If you go to the next slide, this is alexandria, home, this is family. The kids are born, mike the oldest in 1952 the youngest 1957. And theres jackson and steve in between. The hard work that he did on capitol hill often known as having the all american family. He does what we all know all American Families have problems, challenges. Mrs. Ford was raising four kids in the middle of the 1960s a turbulent 1960s. And yet her husband is gone so much. And earns the minority leaders in 1960 he could be gone over 200 days of the year promoting the republican agenda and campaigning for the message of congress. When she began to speak in the larger platform as the second lady to talk to newspaper reporter she was open about the psychiatric help there are challenges we go to the next slide board still seeking the speakership. By 1964 covid 19662 years into his minority leadership to make Great Strides in recovering those numbers. The party secures the presidency in a razor thin election. Richard nixon is elected to the presidency campaigning alongside nixon. In his home district. And once it nixon begins his administration gerald ford the minority leader is working with a mixed agenda on capitol hill to help them shape that as well. I 1972 nixon was a historic landslide election. But that needle barely moved. And then, ford realizes his dream of becoming speaker probably is not going to happen. In 1974 he would stand for election once again. But the Nixon Administration second term. Then they returned to grand rapids. History intervenes. Ford havent mentioned watergate during this time but watergate begins in 1972. Not for reasons related, but other reasons. President need to exercise a provision of the 25th amendment which was ratified in 1967 the lousy president to nominate a person to fill the vacancy of the vice presidency as a tribute but bipartisanship. While congress has a chance occurrence of voting in late december of 1972 this only 35 members of the house the vote against as much is your get on capitol hill. By December Ford is moved from the house of representatives to becoming president of the senate and Vice President of the united states. He holds a position for eight months. Then nixon in august of 1974 sulfur signs and ford becomes president of the united states. Like the french magazine that promotes a new America Betty ross fashioned, not making the American Flag but mending the American Flag. Above him are two images mrs. More about their new president against the world who wants to know something about this new president but they find out is he is not in michigan, he was not born, he was aboard leslie lynch junior on july 14, on the right side there is a child with his mother in the bed of which she was born. The house in which she was born the others fatherinlaws house. I have their one and only child leslie king proves himself to be a liar. Somewhat abusive. To its the child is born dorothy king secrets the child out of the house, off to chicago and over too grand rapids where her parents are developing real estate. She sues for divorce in 1913, the divorce is granted. Go to the next slide to three years letter shes met a paint salesman at a church picnic. A fellow by the name of ford. We see him on the left side. Deutsche junior junior in front of him. Rolling evolution they have none during this period as junior teams. The tended to middle school his snoring as gerald ford for about time he graduates from high school in 1931 and goes into university as michigan is known as gerald ford juniper in 1935 could step by the petition the court to have his name changed visually to Gerald Rudolph ford junior. Never an adoption. Official name change at the end. His mother and his father, stepfather are pretty active in grand rapids. His mother moves from being a paint salesman is on paint and varnish company. Mother and father teach their children the moral and responsibility they appreciated for the boy scouts was relatively new. Its on Mackinac Island with when the eagle scouts as depression rolls in the burger joint across in the high school where he worked on his lunch hour. And then in the evening and weekends as well. Restaurant calls of bills a place where he first meets his birth father. She is birthmother on the right. Take junior out to lunch. Talks with him, and encourages them to move with him to wyoming where he is living. He talks about that. First he writes in his article and then the book. Talks about it in a Television Interview and writes about in his memoirs. It was huge because he had to go home and tell his parents. Next slide mrs. Film mrs. Film that was found at the Grand Rapids Public Library and the High School Team football match between high school and south hides the first game of the season on the light great uniforms as his junior year. He is playing in here. You can look at it frame by frame and find number 53 and it and would become next years senior year the allstate player would learn would earn the state championship parent going to come up here in just a minute going to freezeframe so you can see the only known picture of gerald ford playing high school football. You see it coming in from your right hand side. There he is getting number 23 didnt want to the next slide there is a unique film there. Form ford would parlay that same on the football field through admission to the university of michigan. Their current him to play football. At this time they did not offer scholarships. Ford had to work his way through school, im sorry through college. The community would help get in there and hold him there. We see them playing against michigan state. His freshman year senior year allamerican center, and it goes undefeated in the championship. But it would become part of his senior year. They would take the lessons taught him patience, taught him teamwork. To achieve goals part of the bipartisan policy of his. The Fraternity House for which he resolved was the party house. Many of the greek houses. They were known for the parties gave us the camaraderie and friendship that ford loved. This is a party he was never going to wear the lampshade but he enjoyed that sort of fraternal activity. That very end is jack beckwith. His best man at his wedding. Impede the namesake of his second son jackson ford. In his congressional years work on the campaign in 1976. And unfortunately died in an Automobile Accident in the primaries are the end of the primary season in 1976. That took lessons from the football field, and lets go to the next slide. See three football offers, offers to play professional football for the lions pretty turns him down to go to yale of all things the boxing coach they knew nothing about boxing they knew nothing about yell stop at the ymca and grand rapids took some boxing lessons we know little bit about the language, the moves and enough to fool the rest of the team. He is at yell for five and half or six years for these are the years we dont know a whole lot about. Still a lot of work to be done. This is where he learns to play tennis pretty learns to play golf pretty learns to ski and play bridge. Becomes an excellent bridge player. Hes dating one of the top models in new york city. Ends up 1940 campaign. And also he gave voice to isolationism. As world war ii was boiling over in the pacific, taking shape ford was part of the majority. That was isolationism. He helped found the america the first chapter at gayle others establish them seems to be leading a loose of that position and it changes. If you go next slide it happens with so many and world war ii shut him of his isolationist position. 1943 covid 1944 he spends most honest Aircraft Carrier may be coming close to his life in the tornado that struck in december of 1944. After closer examination but this time aboard the uss monterey, the intense amount at the gilbert and the carolinas in the philippines and for most see earns eight battle stars was the athletic officer the gunnery officer and the assistant navigator as well. The theme on the lefthand side hes the one on the left i think that image is the japanese torpedo is staring down and they are returning fire. He comes back in 1936 and his interest in politics is interest in reforming politics and grand rapids in the state of michigan. Its also prominent and begins to shape his career. We go to the next slide, we go into congress, we rehearse that. He ends up in the presidency. And unfortunately not too often ford is seen as something of a placeholder some right about him. After nixon anticipating carter and Ronald Reagan. His presidency it took 95 days for the presidency. It was so much more than that. Has to select his own Vice President. With the nixon cabinet. That is going to take a while. What we might oversee, overlook his two weeks after that is when betty ford was in for a routine exam and realizes she has cancer, ends up in the hospital and what could be the darkest night of his presidency. That night he spends alone in the white house anticipating her surgery. Also dealing with inflation at this time. With smallpox to see their their strategic arms hoping for assault to agreements. So also dealing with the crisis between allied turkey and greece. We go to the next flight again, just has crowd is 895 days are. And how consequential they are. 1974 in january of 1965 mounting that recession. In april they changed anything there in operation baby lift in april 1975. He has to deal with throughout new york city crisis. You see the headlines one of the things that comes with the Ford Administration that line is reprised so often different ways. Also wrote the endorsement for gerald ford in the general election. Also the other cities that are facing similar crises throughout new york city are watching a ford in this ration dealt with that. The challenge later in 75 the bicentennial celebrations of 1976. I want to leave with this, betty ford the famous picture her striking a dance post on the table cabinet room and a lot of people write about this makes considering betty ford in the administration she said the one disappointment she had when she was not able to get a woman in the supreme court. Housing and urban Development Secretary with fords cabinet. But i want to take a different take on this. Shes an white house photographer, this was taken to generate 19 covid 1977, their last full day in the white house. What she is doing is shes taking a tour of the white house. She is meeting with the white house staff as many as she can find. Thanking them for having made the white house her home. Having welcomed her into the peoples house over the past two and half years. And it recalls something gerald ford did on his first day in the white house. He commuted from his home in alexandria nixon materials being taken out of residence. He walks up to the North Entrance of the white house with the marine guard is standing at attention pretty sticks out his hand to the marine, shakes his hand and said hello im gerry ford im going to be living here for a while what is your name . They brought with them some and grand rapids they learned on capitol hill played so much importance on people criticizing, for continuing to be a congressman while he was president. But those congressional qualities we often not overlook as they served so well. He was president , also dealing with foreign leaders and others the signal quality i hope i did not go too long. Note thank you fantastic. You covered a lot of ground. So if you questions have come in. I want to encourage folks to use the chat to ask your questions there. All over the country, Savannah Georgia arlington, fairfax delaware ohio, new jersey, colorado, california, riverview, florida, connecticut a lot of gerry ford fans out there which is fantastic. Let me start off with the questions are getting in the queue here. Lets start off with something we been talking about the of the series on the first ladies we have been doing. Obviously over the last year the country has been looking at legacy of our founders. How people are looking through a different lens. Can you talk a little bit, especially since youve had a fairly long career at the ford museum, how his legacy has change may be from when he first came out of office. You mentioned a mccullough quote. Im curious. Is grueling. I think it really began to change the attention mccullough shined on him just briefly. After his passing he passed away on december 26 and over the holiday, the remainder of his holiday we had his funeral, he laid in state at the capitol, and the service in california, and washington d. C. And grand rapids. The outpouring grand rapids gave him a rhyme when the casket arrived, laid in state 17 hours overnight. Lined up the cameras rolled, showed that and talked about grand rapids. They did this for 30 years in his post presidency. That is long enough in some respects long enough to be forgotten. Its called to mind about ford after he left office. He was the kind of person we always wanted as a president. And i think that has sort of burnished his image. And helped his legacy. He is a pivotal president. He begins the regulation. Because credit that the carter and reagan rightfully. Even george bush. In the Ford White House he makes us break sort of the fdr legacy. The regulation of telecommunications of transportation of the airlines , this begins with the Ford Administration to the 1990s. They need biographies of ford. I will throw a ploy out there we can anticipate next year through norton Smith Publishing a lengthy biography for the summer of next year. Terrific want to make sure you get a chance to answer some of them. The florida family is the common question we have a president ial library. Our family members involved with the library, the museum and if so how . They are. They got more involved of course after president ford passed away in mrs. Ford passed away in 2011. Marty allen had been the longtime chairman started about that time. Jack ford became the chairman of the ford foundation. At the library and the museum for a few years. And then steve ford for a while. Im sorry mike ford is the chairman right now. Susan plays she is part the uss Gerald R Ford. She is active in many of the programs we have. Exhibits have been very supportive. They and the foundation have been very supportive of the library and museum in the exhibit program. Participation efforts also. You touched about betty ford with the cancer experience. The museum himself is there talk about that . And later on the addiction connection what you have with betty ford . We are fortunate to have first lady who is open come as much as she was. She said if im having these problems, others are having these problems and they might benefit. So class in 2016 and in betty ford footprint in that. A great deal about her advocacy on behalf of womens rights. The breast cancer, the betty ford clinic, for the arts in particular american arts and dance. Also her and see for children. Who are suffering health problems, mental problems. Handicapped children children. Those who are suffering mental problems, health problems, handicapped children. When she first came to washington, she adopted the hospital for sick children, which is just outside of d. C. And she stayed with that throughout her time in washington. It harkens back to a hospital here in grand rapids, mary friedman, that her mother was an important part of. And she worked at it, herself. That had been a long, ongoing concern for ms. Ford. So, yes. We talked quite a bit about her. Not as much as, you know, we would like to. But as much as space allows. Sure. The you talked a little bit about obviously, israel and congress. I am curious to talk a little bit about relations. So, this is a two part question. I will let you answer in whatever order you prefer. His relationship with Ronald Reagan obviously and then melissa carter. Reagan takes another shot at it, and ends up winning, and going two terms. So, that is i am curious about that, that interpersonal relationship there. And then you talked about congress, and obviously the deregulation and so forth. But, i read somewhere in preparation for this that he vetoed 66 pieces of democratic legislation, because he disagreed with the fiscal approach. Which seems like a large number these days. But, can you sort of talk about his relationship with congress . Obviously, having served in congress. Yes, perhaps i could answer that part in unison, those two questions in unison. Ronald reagan hammered ford for this looming budget. This budget on capitol hill, as he made a bid to unseat ford in the primary in 1976. Ford was left scratching his head saying, just imagine how big it would have been if i hadnt vetoed all of those bills. And he vetoed 66 bills while he was president. It was the one effective means he had for exercising some control over what was a democrat capitol hill, with strong majorities in both the house and the senate. But, it was also at a time when there was a greater mix among democrats. Southern democrats and northern democrats were quite different. So, you can imagine that he could craft blocks of either affective minorities, or affective majority positions on capitol hill. Even among democrats. He did not know reagan that well. Ronald reagan had been governor of california and ford, on capitol hill, didnt mix that much with governors. So, he didnt know Ronald Reagan that well. He certainly hoped that reagan would not challenge him. But, reagan had run in 1968, and had come close in 1968, and considered himself next in line. It was his turn for the and ford was in the way. And ford has come to his office in an odd sort of way. So, he needed to get out of the way and let reagan run. Well, ford had hoped that he could find a way to persuade reagan to not run against him. And in that same month, in march of 1975, he and mrs. Ford later that month fly out to california for an event, meet with the reagans, have dinner with them, small talk, in hopes of just, you know, trying to, in a soft way, persuade him not to run. Mrs. Ford wrote later that after they left that dinner that, they were both convinced Ronald Reagan was going to run. So, it was a testy relationship forged in that in that primary. But, it was one remember, in 1980, there were strong indications that Ronald Reagan might pick gerald ford as his Vice President. There was a headline in a chicago newspaper, touting that very thing. They thought better of it. They talked about it, and thought better of it, and both decided that was not the right course. But, ford was supportive of reagan during his eight years. His eight years in the white house. Great. A couple more questions from our q a here. Can you talk a little bit about his role in the warren t commission . If you sort of tally up the amount of time that each of the seven commissioners gave to the Warren Commission, nobodys going to talk about warren. He gives the most amount of time. But, ford is a close second. He was, for some, a controversial pick. Ford had a relationship with the fbi. There were those who made the allegation that ford was sort of a mouth and ears, eyes, for the fbi on that commission. There is nothing of that, there is no evidence of it. Ford and earl warren flew to dallas to question jack ruby, after jack ruby killed oswald. They questioned him at links, and met with mrs. Ford, and met with marguerite, the mother of oswald. And he did a lot of what was work he wrote a book. I think it came out in 1966, it was called portrait of the assassin oswald, he believes in the conclusions that the Warren Commission published he helped shape those conclusion. Crafting the language that said there is no evidence of any other participation, of any collusion, of any other players, that the evidence indicates oswald is the loaner session. He believed oswald to be the only assassin. And he was also open with these critics. He would iosay i heard him s on a number of occasions, that if you have evidence, bring it forward. We are still willing to consider it. But, in the absence of any other evidence, the conclusions stand. Up terrific. Let me just say if i can sneak a couple more in here before we have to wrap up. Can you talk to us about, why did he dump rockefeller as vp in 1976 . It was a tough decision, and it was one ford made principled decisions, but he could also make political decisions. Decisions that have political calculus behind them. And that was one of them. He wrote, himself, how he wished he had stood up to the right wing of the Republican Party and said, no, it is going to be fordrockefeller. You need to accept that. But, he and rockefeller had a meeting in the oval office, discussing the obvious problem that the polls revealed. That with rockefeller, there was a good chance that gerald ford was going to lose the primaries. And rockefeller tisaid, listen,s if you want my resignation as ford remember the conversation rockefeller said, listen, if you want my resignation, you will have it. And ford said, look, it would be easier if i had it. So, rockefeller bowed out of the ticket. It is interesting, at the convention in kansas city approached, riggins biggs riggins biggs double was over the presidency, as well. Ir he made that before the convention began. And that was his undoing. So, sure, let me give you a chance to answer questions. You teased it earlier, about the actual facility. Why are they in two different sites . When ford moved into leadership in 1964, as the minority leader in congress, hes the struck an agreement with his alma pmater to archiv his papers at the university of michigan. And that continued through the rest of his time as a congressman. When he became Vice President , he extended the agreement to his Vice President ial papers, as well. But then he becomes president and now he can build a president ial library. He wants to keep his commitment to the university of michigan, so he builds his library there. But he wants to do something for his dhometown and the heart of the Fifth District. And so, he builds his museum over there. Sort of breaks up synergy of the staff. It is that good, bipartisan decision, you know . You split the baby. That solemn decision where it is actually put into effect. You know, it has its challenges. It has its benefits, also. We have a presence over the state of michigan. But, it does present challenges for those who want to visit the Gerald R Ford library and end up in ann arbor, hoping to see the exhibits. We do offer some exhibits at the library. But, we do labor with that split facility. Sure. So, we got two last questions here. One, i will throw something up on the screen. You referenced his football, his high school and college prowess. But, as you are well aware, there is a document here from a curly limbo im going to zoom into this offering him this job to play for the packers. So, i did a little research. The packers, you know, they were doing really good there in the late 1930s, early 1940s. The liens were kind of there, and so were the bears. So, he had three offers from some of the top, top clubs in the i guess before the nfl. And i am just curious, if you had any comment, if you think he went for the liens, would he have had a shot for the packers . Sure, they would have. Of course. Of course, they would have. You know, he was not an all american, gerald ford wasnt. He was an allstar. So, he was selected to appear in the eastwest game in san francisco. And he goes out there to train with the team, they practice along the way. And all of these nfl team owners and coaches were on this train with these allamerican allstar players, and nobody is paying any attention to him. And with his luck, the game starts and if they are playing backup center. The center, and the first couple of snaps, damages his knee, has to come out and ford placed the remainder of the game and does a stellar job of it. Such that on the train back, those who were seated next to ford, controlling him, trying to get to sign on the dotted line. But, he puts them off and then eventually turned them down because he wants to go to yale. He goes to yale without the promise of going to law school. But because he has a job with the Athletic Department and then petitions the law school for entry, which he eventually earns. Very good. And then on a more lights. One, i wanted to bring up chevy chase here. So, gerald ford is spoofed a little bit on saturday night live. I was going to not show any clips today, but just these couple of things, you know, clumsy and so forth. So, you know, is that just unfair . Is that sort of the hazard of being president , and being under the microscope . Was there any truth to saturday night lives take on gerald ford . There is a grain of truth in any caricature, and any good caricature. And i am not saying that chevy chase was good at caricature. I will say that ford laughed it off. I will say, also, that it got under fords skin. Because he was he was arguably the most accomplished athlete, ever to occupy the oval office. Ne i mean, as you pointed out, three offers to play professional football. And a natural at just about any sport that he picked up. He had bad knees, because he played football. He had an operation on one knee, and then an operation on another knee. So, he had weaker knees that occasionally bothered him, particularly as the weather changed. And he had that unfortunate experience of bumping his head on marine one as he was getting out of it and then hitting somebody with a golf club a golf ball in which, you know, you swing the club often enough, that is going to happen. Particularly with people lying on the fairways. I yes, it was unfair. Yes, it was part of the turf. Ford understood it as that. He had a conference at the museum. And he invited chevy chase to it. N and so, we have a nice picture of him tripping chevy chase. That is excellent. Excellent. Well, john, this has been terrific. I know our audience has appreciated it. You know, you have really added to our president ial library series. Before i let you go, obviously, hopefully, we reopen soon. So, we encourage folks to visit your website and so forth. But, is there anything you can tell us about assuming all goes well you know, with Health Numbers and we reopen, but over the fall, or next year, either anniversaries of things that the museum is planning for that folks might put on the calendar . Yes, i would just say, keep your eyes open and your pen ready to write these things down. In september of this year, we celebrate the 40th anniversary of the library and museum. We will see how we are able to do that. He we are hoping that we can do that in a full throated way, and god willing, we will. , though also, what we are moving into, as we get into 2022, the 50th anniversary of the breakin at the watergate hotel, and the 50th anniversaries of the Ford Administration rolling out. And i know the foundation is focused on making the most of those opportunities that are coming up. So, i would say that we are t seeing things rolling out as we see this pandemic get behind us, going back to full business, and begin celebrating the anniversaries. Not just at the library and museum, but of the ford presidency. Terrific. Lots to look forward to. Anniversaries are coming up. So, that is always a Good Opportunity to visit the president ial libraries. Again, thank you for all your time today, your insights, your contribution, and your great presentation. On sundays, but tv brings you the latest in nonfiction books and office. Funding for cspan comes from these Television Companies and more, including spark life. Listening to programs on c span, through cspan radio just got easier. Tell your smart speaker, play c span radio. And listen to washington journal, 7 00 a. M. Daily eastern. And other congressional events throughout the day. Weekdays at 5 00 p. M. And not a copy of eastern, catch washington today for a fastpaced report on the reports of the day. Listen to cspan anytime. Just tell your smart speaker, play cspan radio. Cspan, powered by cable. More from our series, the presidency, with andrew natsios, and andrew card, on their book transforming the world, george h. W. Bush and american on policy accounts from bush administration