Beginning to understand less is more when it comes to fossil fuels but is the World Economy ready for the dramatic change that is underway well find out in this edition of made farewell fossils you. When you consider germanys biggest Infrastructure Project at the moment is a gas pipeline youd be justified in thinking not much has changed in terms of Energy Politics not string to transports natural gas from russia directly to germany via the baltic sea all green policies notwithstanding germany is still dependent on fossil fuels. Which include meaning on the no than german coast this is where the notes train to pipeline reaches western europe after passing 1200 kilometers through the baltic same. The north stream project bypasses the previous transport route through ukraine. Gas market analyst heiko norman says that was clearly the aim of nordstroms main shareholder russian state owned. There was. More than the russian side claims that neither north stream 2 nor north stream one were built to bypass ukraine. But in my view the russians difficulties with transporting gas by ukraine were clearly the triggering factor to build north stream one north stream to. One its because of a long history of disputes since the end of the soviet union. In one. Once its reached mean the natural gas from north stream to be distributed to the Czech Republic and austria via the new Oil Pipeline Construction on the 580 kilometer long gas line is due to be finished in the coming weeks. Further east in the polish capital warsaw the north stream to pipeline is not welcome all the Political Parties here oppose getting more gas from russia poland is terminating its existing gas supply contract with gazprom when it expires in 2022 saying russia uses gas as a means of applying political pressure we paid a price that was almost 40400 dollars 10000 cubic meters at the same time germany paid 260. 00. 230 rock or 280 and used of course because of our strongly prowest im probably to produce. Meanwhile pipe playing vessels are continuing work on north stream to just a few kilometers off the german coast its not only poland that opposes this work the United States would also like to stop the project and is planning sanctions against the operators of the ships. Theres also opposition from the Baltic States lithuania is keen to get away from russian gas and has sought other suppliers here in the port city of paid or liquid natural gas from qatar is being unloaded independence from russia appears to be the Key Driving Force behind all these moves back in poland gas market analysts design and novak is keeping an eye on developments she says the north stream pipeline built by Russias Gazprom is driving a wedge between European Union countries. Is the most important market player in europe this means that if we increase the amount of gas dryer reaching European Market. It is translated into a strengthening of this dominance on the European Market so current is not only thinking about on its own interests but also about the interest of other countries another aspect of the pipeline project is the issue of Climate Change burning natural gas as fuel is bad for the environment and could cease to be an option if Greenhouse Gas emissions are to be reduced. Inside is in the sector i thinking ahead theyre looking to break down the natural gas to produce Climate Friendly hydrogen. Many. If i want to use natural gas long term i can break down the gas to get hydrogen and Carbon Dioxide in fact the russians are working on a method that solid carbon so they dont have the problem of sequestering the Carbon Dioxide. This is a possibility for supplying large volumes of liquid Energy Carriers or gaseous Energy Carriers i mean and were going to stand if that works then in the long term Climate Friendly hydrogen could flow through the north stream to pipeline from russia instead of natural gas but even though that could make the project more Climate Friendly the political squabbles look set to continue. And thats the situation in germany and Central Europe but what about the Bigger Picture is the World Economy ready for the big change a hit one Economist Says no Jeremy Rifkin predicts the collapse will be brutal and that it will come sooner than we expect he says it will happen i mean 9 years from now 20 years ago rifkin correctly predicted the digital revolution that we are now experiencing so id say hes a man worth listening to our correspondent did just that when he sat down with risk in their washington. Most of the cars on the streets run on gasoline and it doesnt matter where you look our Society Depends on fossil energy the question is for how much longer is this sustainable all this book here suggests an answer Jeremy Rifkin the author of the Green New Deal says the fossil fuel civilization will collapse by 2028. Im meeting mr rifkin here in bethesda near washington hes an economist futurist and advisor to the European Union and the German Government hes made a bold prediction the threat of our extinction will move us to a 0 emissions economy germy rifkin in your book the Green New Deal you argue that our civilization which is based on fossil energy will collapse as soon as in 2028 now for 200 years fossil energy has been the most important source of energy can you believe thats hard to understand for a lot of people including for the economy which is depending on oil i think what people dont understand is the entire civilization is made out of fossil fuels are fertilizers and pesticides are Construction Materials are synthetic fiber are packaging our Food Additives and preservatives our power our transport our eat our light everything so whats happened now ever is that we are now in a pivotal turning point for this fossil fuel based industrial civilization. We have now spewed so much Carbon Dioxide into the atmosphere to maintain this Industrial Way of life that we are now finding ourselves in real time Climate Change frigid winter of 70 below 0 and blockbuster winter snows massive flooding across our land masses in the Spring Summer droughts and wildfires on every continent hurricanes and typhoons across the entire autumn every year around the world our scientists are now telling us we are in the 6th extinction of life on earth so you are essentially describing a situation where the change will come from the economy rather than from politics is that right and which role will the markets play this year the level lies cost of solar and wind has just plunged below natural gas and way below nuclear and coal so whats happened is were seeing trillions of dollars of fossil fuel assets all the pipelines that will never be used all of the exploration rights that have been paid for by the old industry which will never amortize out all of the fossil fuels in the ground which we never taken up because theyre more expensive so what were seeing here is a massive collapse of the fossil fuel civilization because the market is speaking. Of that is capital is flowing out of fossil Energy Companies and into renewables. Rifkin says large us bond funds are leading the way. How do you imagine the future of the year 2028 without fossil energy with you look at the United States and canada they are going to be in big trouble the number one producer of fossil fuels the us the number for canada theyre going to be in big trouble but any country that has a majority of their energy wed reliant on fossil fuels is in trouble the big Oil Producing countries in the middle East North Africa and other places where theyre totally dependent and where they have very poor prop populations and where they have a thought. Governments and failed states are going to be trouble they had plenty of we have a study in the world book world for. Transition. Very quickly if parts of europe. And parts of china. And california. Place in the us and everyone can do this but it has to be tomorrow morning we need a new deal in every community and we need quickly. Oh predictions the world still runs largely on oil at the moment as a major impact on all aspects of the Global Economy the price of crude determines inflation and other key indicators in economies both rich and poor we burned 90 percent of all the rest is used for the production of plastics and Chemicals Oil is everywhere. Blessing or curse. Its greasy poisonous and it stinks crude oil is actually made of algae and small organisms that have been decaying on the sea floor for millions of years. And thats exactly why its so valuable this black gold is packed full of energy an excellent fuel source rushing through the economy like. Its been used for causes of years to see the wooden boats moma fire the dead and shoot down enemies with fiery arrows. But it was the popularity of the oil lamp that sparked the 1st real boom oil well drilled by edwin drake in pennsylvania 859 became world famous it was the 1st productive oil well. John d. Rockefeller became an oil trader in 865. He founded the Company Standard oil which made him the worlds richest man his goal was to have an oil monopoly. The mass production of cars eventually make crude oil the most important raw material in the world the driving force behind the economy or oil meant prosperity but it also triggered many crises and wars. Todays Biggest Oil Producers the us followed by saudi arabia and russia. But this black gold destroys the Environment Oil spills and drilling accidents pollute the seas and the land suffocates under mounds of Plastic Waste made from us as the search for alternatives becomes increasingly desperate the production of oil still continues to rise in 2018 more crude was produced than ever before nearly 95000000 barrels every day. Reserves are finite though as is the power of the Oil Companies and the countries that rely on oil exports. The opec cartel meetings might soon become a purely social gathering. Lets just. Take a quick look around you no matter where you are that there is definitely one thing in your immediate vicinity that you can reach with your hand or thats made of plastic thats really no escaping it its like were hooked on the stuff that by her own relationship with plastic my colleagues. Looked into possible alternatives. What do you cheering so old and shower gel having common. They all contain plastic made out of plastic everywhere. Everywhere. From the mattress i sleep on the phone i grab when i 1st wake up the clothes i wear and the insulation that keeps me nice and warm. Even things that seem like viable alternatives to plastic and not so much. Paper plates often coated with plastic to make them water resistant tin cans many of them contain this pheno a controversial synthetic chemical and one of the most common items of litter on us these filters contain plastic. But why all of this plastic we used to be fine without it just a few decades ago our addiction is a recent one the Plastic Industry has skyrocketed in the past decade and because its cheap convenient durable and liked me. I really dont like plastic but it has made modern life as we know it possible and it doesnt make economic. Like Plastic Companies keep saying disposable Plastic Packaging keeps products fresh longer and has made products lighter cheaper to transport. Volume wise todays cars are half plastic and making them more fuel efficient the building industry alone uses 16 percent of the worlds plastic because its cheap and durable. But all of the characteristics that make plastics so convenient also make it so detrimental to the environment with catastrophic consequences. Scientists found that of all the plastic produced just 9 percent has been recycled 12 percent has been incinerated and 79 percent is sitting in a landfill or the environment and will take centuries to disintegrate. Weve all gotten so used to the convenience of plastic and its just everywhere that its really hard to force us and companies to just switch back. To doing since you can make your dental care plastic free with fancy toothpaste tablets for example but you cant replace all plastics with alternatives yet there have been efforts to cobar addiction like the use ban on several single use plastic items plan to take effect by 2021 but thats just targets a small part of the problem in the short term plastics are the easiest solution for companies and for consumers like me if we dont have any large scale battles all we find viable is the fact that we will soon being addicted to it because sadly plastic doesnt make them but like all other addictions in the long term to carry to destroy whats really good. And here are a few fun facts about oil as i said before 90 percent of it we burn and power stations to fuel our cars and planes to heat our homes only 7 percent of our all goes to the Chemical Industry but 90 percent of that provides nearly all the basic components the chemicals Industry Needs to produce kills plastics or pay its socalled Petro Chemicals industry is hugely dependent on oil but Many Companies are seeing the writing on the wall and they using science to find solutions. Almost nothing works these days without chemicals and countless substances are attained through chemical processes based on petroleum how could we ever do without it. Personally i believe that in the future we will inhabit a very different world and its the same for chemistry we will also have a very different world one in which even c o 2 may be a valuable role material. Imagine yourself standing at your barbecue or your car with a liter of gasoline. You can use it to drive 100 kilometers or light a really big far. Now imagine trying to capture that after its been turned into c o 2. And turning it back into a liter of gasoline its a lot of work. Thats what we do here. The idea sounds simple instead of pumping Carbon Dioxide into the air we recycle the climate killer using it to make the same products that currently involve petroleum after all the most important ingredient of petroleum for the Chemical Industry is carbon its an idea that companies have been researching for some time but only now with the 1st pilot plants available in this bio reactor artificial photosynthesis is taking place using electric powered bacteria converting c o 2 and water into chemicals these include butanol and hex and all the basic materials for paints cosmetics and fabric softener. Nature extracts Carbon Dioxide from the air and use it to generate plant material trees and other things we want to copy the best of what nature has made and thats what we do here except were not doing it with plants but with bacteria. But there is a catch with this technology it requires a lot of electricity. To make c o 2 recycling Carbon Neutral it has to use Renewable Energy. In the future the bio reactors will be built next to large wind farms solar power plants the Carbon Dioxide can be filtered from the emissions coming from industrial plants and of course its also possible to take c o 2 directly from the air. Technically a lot is possible but its also important that the process results in products that customers want to buy the Chemical Company called best road has developed a flexible foam with components that are about 20 percent c o 2 based these can be processed into objects such as mattresses. We could change to using c o 2 as a raw material without further ado petroleum is currently the cheapest source and its also the most convenient way to get large amounts of carbon for the Chemical Industry but you could do it differently. Carbon dioxide could be used to make the same products that are currently made with petroleum including car paints or plastics only at greater Cost Petroleum can be replaced 9 but the Chemical Industry needs a complete overhaul to get ready for about transition. The chemicals industry is at least one sector clearly aware that change is afoot governments are too although they are not all equally up to speed on making the change to Sustainable Energy but it is encouraging to know that 12 countries leading the way are spread over 5 continents on next report focuses on one of the countries still striving to increase its use of renewables. Taipei is the capital of taiwan an island state with a population of 23000000. 00 per capita of c o 2 emissions amount to 10 tons per year which is more than the european average of 7 tons per person electricity here is very cheap most of it is generated in coal and gas powered plants chillingly levy wants to reduce c o 2 emissions as deputy head of the bureau of energy he supports the move towards renewables. He says about about 10 to 15 years ago taiwan started to promote Greener Renewable Energy to taiwan didnt have any experience not area we wanted to find models we could learn from we found them in europe and especially in germany which had made the greatest advances we went to germany and then we introduced various measures most importantly the feed in tariff here in taiwan. We include the cost of Renewable Energy in the price of electricity in order to offset the extra costs for generating power sustainably. The problem is very little use is made of solar energy. The state office subsidies for installing solar panels but few people know about it. Being 10 is a cofounder of sunny found a green energy crowdfunding platform. She aims to prove that there is money to be made with the sun and the subsidies. And the most difficult. Place. Because no one knows us and though i wonder if anyone will ever believe us of. Even joining us. I thought of myself and i told it to myself. If you dont actually you will have no answer quiting chan is talking to residents of a long time cast center west sunny founder helped install solar panels on the roof of the Center ReceivesEnergy Certificates for the green power it produces which can then be sold for income to be used on operating costs this is by far the largest. Charity projects we have cough on date and this project sponsor was sponsored by Taiwan Mobile Company and combine a donation effort with over 3000000 individual. Taiwan has a long way to go in its bid to increase the renewable share of its electricity supply. There are plans to set up a number of offshore wind farms. Nuclear energy which accounts for about 15 percent of taiwans electricity remains a contentious issue. Because a man wants to face a town out the last a majority of voters said it wanted to keep it. In a referendum organized by the smom. Nuclear weve because it is playing inside the high level ways to. Spend for you all Story Nuclear power plant in a silo paul corner so it doesnt effect. Peoples living a wrong to Nuclear Power plant. Communities around the Nuclear Power plant receive hefty subsidies. Officials dont seem concerned about possible f. Quakes and the risks they might pose. You know bulldoze the way high in fukushima it was the tsunami that destroyed the cooling system but we are based the cooling system and we also built a reservoir on the nearby mountain if the cooling system were to break down the reservoir would help cool the plant. In taiwan schoolchildren thats what the Nuclear Power is saif and that it is a kind of eco friendly source of energy. Nobody has appears to be talking about ways to reduce electricity consumption. All the ways to reduce electricity consumption that what sounds like a topic that could fill an entire program and thats all from me on the team hope you enjoyed the show dont forget to send us your thoughts and comments on twitter office. Their wealth isnt calculable. Their egos insatiable. Their rivalry deadly. 3 princes. All of whom dream of leaving the arab world. To the rival princes of the gulf. And 15 minutes on d w. What secrets lie behind these walls. Discover new adventures in 360 degree. And explore fascinating World Heritage sites. W World Heritage 363 get the maps now. To curious and. Do it yourself network. For your own next you tube channel subscribe dont miss out. On the adventures of the famous naturalist and explorer. To celebrate clicks on the front of the balsam 250. 00. Morning on the for the job discovery. Expedition in blood on the dino mob. Cutting through the noise. Where i come from people are known for being tough but fair new york can get loud and people tell it like it is. Take all of the concrete jungle the melting pot the city that never sleeps its this energy that makes it feel like home but amid the hustle its important to listen and Pay Attention because its not just the loudest voices who need to be heard we all have a story this is how i see it is my job as a journalist to go beyond the obvious now im basing europe and my work takes me around the world it seems for me in this state to tell the important stories behind the headlines what is the heart of the story why does it matter who live impact us a focus if you want us to cut through the noise to get to the truth. My name is sarah kelly and i want you to double. Play. This is news live from but political turmoil in malta of the government is caught up in the mud of pro. Protesters say the Prime Minister must go to suspicions grow over a high level cover up connected to the killing all but just to get its journalist also on the program. U. S. President Donald Trump Holds all socalled homecoming rally in florida the swing state is a problem for votes ahead of the 2020 president ial election