Is the today is not a defining moment it is not the do or die vote that Boris Johnson wanted because of this amendment tabled bias or all of a letter and saying that a deal should not go through until all the legislation has gone through if the letter an Amendment is passed by and could the government pull the vote on its deal to make sure that the letter an amendment doesn't go through that word put no deal very firmly back on the table so are genuinely We are in very very uncertain waters the numbers are incredibly tight and almost almost anything could happen as M.P.'s meet in Westminster thousands of protesters are expected to March through central London to demand a referendum before any breaks it deal is given final approval opposition leaders and celebrities will join the rally in the referendum held 3 years ago nearly 52 percent voted in favor of leaving the European Union. The government of Chile has declared a state of emergency in the capital Santiago following violent protests against an increase in the price of match I take it's who demonstrate is attacked underground stations started fires and blocks traffic reports students in Santiago started demonstrating after an increase in the cost of a mecha ticket earlier this month the government blamed the hike on high energy costs and the weak oppressor but the protests turned violent on Friday afternoon demonstrators banged pots and hunt horns and images on social media showed the headquarters of an energy company going up in flames speaking on television Chile's President Sebastian Pinera said the state of emergency had been called to ensure public order these protests showed just how divided Chile is one of the wealthiest yet most unequal societies in Latin America you're listening to the world news from the b.b.c. . Funerals are taking place in eastern Afghanistan for dozens of victims of an attack on a mosque on Friday $65.00 worshippers were killed when an explosion during Friday prayers devastated the mosque in one go ha province it's unclear who carried out the attack the Taliban have publicly condemned it the Islamic state group is also active in the area Afghan officials are visiting the site today to investigate what happened the United Nations has also announced its own inquiry. An Iraqi man has been charged in Australia with people trafficking in connection with the drowning of more than $350.00 people Mason Ravi is accused of helping organize a boat for refugees from Indonesia to Australia in 2001 film reports 18 years ago an Indonesian fishing boats carrying mostly Iraq and Afghan migrants sang point its way to Christmas Island and Australian territory in the Indian Ocean 353 people drowned 100 $46.00 of them were children Australian police claim that makes them Rod He was part of a trafficking syndicates that organized the Fatal Voyage the Iraqi National is due to appear in court later this month 2 other men were jailed in Australia and Egypt for their parts in the tragedy Hong Kong's leader carry Lamb has expressed her relief at the apparent resolution of a legal case this fact more than 4 months of protest in the Territory Hong Kong man has indicated he's prepared to return to Taiwan to face accusations that he murdered his girlfriend the case led to Mrs Lamb's failed attempts to introduce an extradition bill that led to the 1st demonstrations. And England are playing Australia in the 1st quarter finals of the Rugby World Cup in Japan a short time ago with a match drawing to a close they were leading by $48.00 to $16.00 in a few hours time New Zealand will take on island and that's the latest world news from the b.b.c. . Hello and welcome to Tech Tenchi weekly updates on all the hottest news and trends in the get off for tonight while we're on our cell phones checking e-mail. 6 more that good advice later now no content with being a huge force in internet search and online advertising Google has long wanted to be big in hardware it's had very little success with everything from the Google Home Smart speakers the virtual reality headset and the ill fated Google Glass but it's the pixel smart phone which is probably the flagship product so it's one great reviews but quite multi-state sales a lot was riding on this week's launch of the pixel for pixel far enough smart phone with a radar sensor. It powers the motion sensor capabilities more human interactions with your phone Sabrina Ellis of Google they're describing the pixel for was head. Line feature Charlotte g. This is a phone the 1st phone with a radio on it what's that about it sounds very exciting doesn't it basically means that you can sort of just turn your phone from afar to make it do things it's not clear quite how kind of well it works at this point so we'll say but it sounds it sounds kind of coolness like Minority Report ask waving at you I want to hear more about that in a moment Jane we've we've been reporting on a security floor with a pick so for face recognition I did happen to see one of our colleagues sat back closing his eyes and for us. He had us altering the actual sequence this is Chris folks he wanted to test it on just not just himself but on a couple of us as well and yet this is when you unlock your device with your with date using facial recognition if you do it on this new phone even if you have your eyes closed it will still a pin which of course then I pins up some sort of a she is that somebody with mischief in mind or even worse could kind of put someone sleeping face and I pin their phone so it's like a bit of a problem and people haven't been very responsive as to why this issue has happened although it does say that you know it's going to work only on the facial recognition going forward say suggest unlike Apple's which does require you to be alert with your eyes open that perhaps they haven't quite got their algorithms right especially as an early leak of the picture a leaked image of the of the fine detail that you require the required ice to be opened and that then is gone from these test additions like it's an interesting one . General Yeah there's some suggestions that you know you could open it with a dead person or you. Need to Know in. Any way Google is pushing the concept of ambient computing a term used to describe technology being all around this available when we need it but fading into the background when we don't. Technology desk and I spoke to the boss of Google's 100 business Rick about how the pixel fits into that vision we believe we're now entering into a new era of computing that we refer to as ambient computing this idea of computing is that kind of computing can be anywhere you need it always available to help you but also you know be part of the background almost be like air looking at the features of the new pixel for one of the standout features is the inclusion of radar and I know you've been working on this fee is that it's technically very impressive that you've managed to squeeze the small chip into the top of the device but why would the mass market consumer care Well I think it just helps users interact in a more natural way with phones it's our view that this is the future of how mobile computing and computing in general world will evolve and this technology allows you to interact with your phone and and naturally offer jesters they can control it and it also helps build context of how you might want to use it if you're listening to music you can easily swipe between songs without touching your device if your alarm goes off in the morning as you approach it the alarm sound reduces and then you can swipe to dismiss the alarm your phone almost senses a little bit what you want from it the only changes you know little 2 cameras on the back of the phone in the. Possed as I understood it part of your pitch was that you could use some really kind of computing tricks to mean you didn't need more than one. Does this thing recognise that maybe that wasn't the right strategy. Well no I mean our strategy certainly remains the same in that we believe that machine learning in ai are absolutely critical to offering cutting edge user experiences in photography the other She'll facing with this device is the controversy of the tests of a facial recognition system and I think you were hoping to make sure that it was best of with don't skin tones before coming to reports that. A contract that you used was. Targeting homeless people offering them 5 dollars but not properly explaining what was going on can you trust them yeah I think you know it was a very important goal for us to make sure that. The face of law system works for all different kinds of people genders races it cetera so we went out and did a lot of research in this area. It's come to our attention that there may be. Methods that were not approved there were not how we do business and so or gating that we would we would never find that acceptable and so we've suspended the data collection and told this is straight out tweet in the post we. Somebody looks at the ethics of Ai and she posed the question when she walks into a friend's house if they've Gault and I was in the next or people missed device one of your ambient computing devices do you think that she should be told that equipment is active before she walks in what you think of that. Oh that's a great question. I mean I think I think. It really depends strive to start to indicate like we've done with Nest cameras so that's Rick. Google being interviewed by. Did you get the sense that it's no sleep is cold in the home I think it is and that state does come up during the cable keynote So I wonder why the man subtly affect the sense that he remains in the Senate it's more that you know that it. I think he's a fascinating point is that what he's the s.t.k. I mean I have to say I've got a pact with these devices that are listening there on every corner. But I don't say to people when they come in be careful that you're being listened to when I dine in my house and I and I have slightly made a point of not having any small speakers in my home so I actually has crossed my mind my mom and dad when they all think they smiles because in every dream and absolutely cuts me. And sometimes to sleep in your generation which should be into the. Heritage generation the Kenmore Internet the with the funny paradox is that people are buying smaller because more and more and yet they constantly say they worry about privacy even within the context of small speakers so there's a bit of an interesting psychology going on there were people care about it they keep buying them Jane what about in your home if I turn up at your work what do you say to watch out Rory we're listening well now that I named the easy have same listening devices I wait for any city but I think it's when they seem questions isn't if you said to your guests there are small speakers in here listening to you then they were going to just let you know a I mean it's. Someone pointed out so they are a lot of people who got Siri activated on their phones or Google assistant on their phones and those are listening all the time exactly and maybe the street a little late everywhere we go over it. You're listening to take 10 on the b.b.c. World Service with Rory Captain Jones in a moment are you distracted by your own catch its 6 2. Now Should Facebook be doing more to combat misinformation on its platform or does free speech come 1st the social media John has come under fire after deciding that it would not fact check political advocates in the United States Democrat politicians said this was allowing President Trump to spread misinformation presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren hit back with a Facebook advert containing a deliberate falsehood that Mark Zuckerberg was endorsing Trump Well in a major speech last night Facebook's founder said how he's thinking on the balance between allowing free expression and trying to create the spread of falsehoods he told the audience at George Washington University in Washington d.c. There was a simple choice we can either continue to stand for free expression understanding its messiness but believing that the long journey towards greater progress requires confronting ideas that challenge us or we can decide that the cost is simply too great. And I'm here today because I believe here that we must continue to stand for for expression political favors incumbents and whoever the media chooses to cover practically even if we wanted to ban political ads it's not even clear where you draw the line or there are many more out about issues and there are directly about elections rebound ads about health care or immigration or women's empowerment. Not George Washington. George where he wishes to. Show that she did you listen to that speech where you and friends did was it was long it was I suppose impassioned in defense of free speech but he said a number of interesting possibly controversial things he had thought of banning political ads but that would not have been a good idea yeah there was a lot of what about Terry and that in a funny way sort of but then wouldn't people be able to place cloud in this feel that way but it's just tracing see didn't really address what Facebook is actually doing and why it's doing it to my mind and I just think it's interesting that he lost anything twice and lost me King's endorse has said today misinformation is part the reason why my father was killed which I thought was quite an interesting response to that so she sort of pushed it back on to him and said You're not going to talk about this without bearing in mind I mean he did have this line about no private company should be given the job of deciding what a politician can say which I suppose is going to be defense throughout he is basically saying that he's going to come up in all sorts of elections over the coming months. Let a 1000 flowers bloom let them fight it out and let the public decide yeah the problem is that they do regardless of whether or not he thinks that they should that situation can't happen you think well if you that worried about it why don't you break yourself up you know. Shane He also talks about China. He kind of threw it back at. Other companies you mentioned take talking Chinese and to talk not allowing free expression not allowing people to talk about Hong Kong protests and he seemed quite proud that Facebook had made the decision not to go into China yes I mean there was a lot of stuff when he talked about free expression but it did leave me thinking Is this just because it's too hard I mean obviously to talk has found a way to kind of limit some of the things that come on its platform that things are politically sensitive and that's hardly surprising given that it's a company that's based in China and also a you know it's worth bearing in mind that it's not just Facebook dealing with this Twitter rules that has had a week where it's been under pressure to kind of clamp down on some more some of the more peace if tweets that we might see from various willed leaders like Donald Trump and may have fallen back on that old defense again of saying that you know there's a hell of a lot of stuff that they will allow and that's very wide so interactions with fairly politicians comments on political issues foreign policy saber rattling rule not in violation but it has now said that on occasion some of the tweets from worldly leaders may be in violation and in that case they might be quarantined so that nobody could like or shed them and they don't go viral so that's that way of dealing with it which is similar to what tick tocks doing actually interestingly and prepare for plenty more political controversy on those big social media platforms because they say powerful now how distracted Are you by your gadgets do you find it difficult to avoid looking at Facebook or Twitter every hour of the day it was once knew I was job to advise companies on ways of getting people hooked on gadgets and the apps that run on them in fact he wrote a book cooled now he's turning to advising all of us on how not to be distracted by technology with a book called in distractable when he came into the tech tents I asked him whether too many of us were addicted to our gadgets addiction does tend to be a term the. That I think is overuse an addiction is a pathology it's a persistent compulsive dependence on a behavior substance that harms the user so if you know some people are addicted they do have this path ology of addiction the vast majority of us aren't addicted we are distracted meaning we can do something about it if we try if we know how so I looked at my phone the other day I am on screen for about 8 hours a day I don't probably about 7 hours of that is Twitter and you're saying I'm not an addict you might be you know I'm not saying you're not an addict I don't know it would come down to this criteria of what it means to have the pathology of addiction. But to be clear indestructible is not written for people who have the pathology of an addiction what we find is with people who struggle with addiction there is almost always a cool morbidity with obsessive compulsive disorder with some type of severe trauma in their life lots of things can be addictive and not addict everyone many of us have a glass of wine with dinner we're not a holic so we play poker from time to time but we're not all gambling addicts and so why would we think that technology would be any different if however you know you've seen that you've tried to stop using product like Twitter and dialing it back and you found that you just can't and despite the harmful consequences you're not able to it's incredibly difficult to stop you may be suffering from an addiction but the vast majority of us have either not tried in which case you probably don't qualify for an addiction or you haven't tried the techniques that you know these are this is very new stuff these products are brand new there are these companies are teenagers and so we haven't developed what's been called social antibodies these techniques that populations develop to prevent harm a lot of parents are looking at their children and the time they spend on screens boring about that is the good reason for them to be worried and if so what can they do about it yes the answer to every complicated question maybe in life is typically It depends it depends who is using how much they are using and what they would. Doing instead of using for the children who are using products this is typically with adolescents who are over using a technology and this is where we start seeing some the negative effects that come from 456 hours a day of using a screen where we have to ask ourselves is is why where does this over use come from and it turns out that you know we parents we love to blame something else we want a bogeyman whether it's the sugar high which have been proven to not be true that's a myth or whether it was rock n roll and previous generations or rap music or comic books we want to something to blame but it turns out that kids overuse technology for very similar reasons and this research is over 40 years old it comes from Adesina and these psychologists who studied what's called Self-Determination Theory and they tell us that when children are not getting their psychological needs met offline they look for them online we can't expect these devices to raise our children for us we can expect the i Pad to be an I nanny that was never what it was designed to do we have to be involved and most importantly you know if you think the world is becoming is distracting today just wait a few years it's only going to become more distracting and so it is imperative that we teach our kids how to become indestructible themselves this is the skill of the century and then finally we if you want your kids to become indestructible we have to exemplify how to do that that you know children are hypocrisy detection devices they are looking for hypocrisy at every turn so we can't tell our kids get off for tonight while we're on our cell phones checking e-mail that's good advice to me I go to behave myself that's that that's a big part of becoming to strive to be yourself and I think you know many parents they don't want to share this vulnerability because they're afraid it will show weakness to their children and I think that's a mistake I think it's Ok to tell our kids look I'm struggling with this too what can we do together how can we help each other to make sure that we can use these technologies you know we we don't want to. Create technophobic children we want our kids to be tech literate if you had one tip for somebody like me who worries that they may be quotes addicted to the likes of Twitter what would it be. Think about your internal triggers the the knee jerk reaction is to blame what's called the x. Startle triggers the extra triggers are the pings the dings the Rings the notifications things that prompt us to get distracted but in actuality what we find is that most distraction starts from within us we turn to these devices as distractions to avoid feeling something we don't want to experience boredom loneliness stress fatigue uncertainty Plato talked about distraction 2500 years ago this is not a new problem and ultimately if we don't deal with that root cause of the problem the internal trigger. You get rid of one thing something else is going to become a distraction that's near an author of indestructible with Sean that she quite a so pretty I've got to look into myself in places where it's inflate Yeah yeah. Tell me about your problem I sort of because they have to the other day I go into the list and someone else go into left and I just reflexively reach my think that might be because I just thought I don't want to. So I don't I don't know I do I do think that we're all a bit they're hooked on things that you know we need them for work reasons lots of other things that you know it's not just not just on them for fun you know I mean look I mean my mind very money's pretty bad I talked about my screen time and I just looked at it there and it says I'm the last few days I spent 11 hours and 41 minutes on Twitter but I spent 2 hours and 27 minutes on Kindle and I read. Jane you've got teenage children is a constant battle over that screen you so you're are you in no position to lecture Well I mean I was had I haven't bought my thanks studio which makes me feel good to my screen time is about 6 hours less the new rules I think Rory on f.h. But I did the other day beast very thing through my bag like a wild animal because I thought I'd lost my phone I was having pulp potations and the idea that I might not have my cats when I needed it was actually terrifying say I do you sort of know what it's like and we all ruled victims of it you go down the rabbit hole and you find yourself doing stuff like Wilkie mail Yeah this is angry about work e-mail there is yes I did this a study this week actually says that some companies that decided to ban the use of the mail outside of a few hours could be as she did no harm than good because some people like to keep in touch and get through their e-mails because we all have so much of it we basically do have to do and if I was now which is very sad but. You're a busy technology journalist are you always connected to the. Office and is that kind of I actually try to tell the things. With people based in the u.s. So I have to have a base of this I try not to what. Can. We all need to be a bit more careful with Ask rehab it's. Over this week thanks to our special guest shot a g. From mit Technology Review thanks to my b.b.c. Colleague. Great stories from me and at b.b.c. Dot com slash technology and I've got to join us again in the tech tent at the same time next week. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service of the us is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content a.p.m. American Public Media with support from the larger Craig Bourbon the small batch burden a larger Craig Kentucky straight bourbon whiskey Bardstown Kentucky 47 percent alcohol by volume think wisely drink wisely. I'm Scott Simon host of Weekend Edition I think of what we do as a news group right by that I mean that we do the news but we also put a lot of right because I think the news is not just what's happening in Washington d.c. It what's happening in government it's what's happening in every line of human activity that we enjoy in the. Weekend Edition Saturday listen every week at 589.3 p.c.c. . You know with the b.b.c. World Service under the sounds of action we're talking about malaria which remains a major Kelly in the tropics I've been hearing from chemists who may have found a future cure in county sponges from the oceans off Antarctica it's not necessarily surprising defensive compound in a sponsor that's trying to keep microorganisms from infecting it might also be effective against a human pathogen how that all works coming up after the b.b.c. News b.b.c. Knees with Debbie Ross the British prime minister Boris Johnson has made an impassioned plea to parliament to back his Bracks it deal calling it a historic opportunity to miss the country forward after years of division denouncing the daily opposition Labor Party leader Gerry Corbin said accepting it would fire the starting pistol in a race to the bottom. At least 13 miners were killed when a dam best to decide Baron gold mine near the Russian city of Krasnoyarsk officials said heavy rains had weakened the dam wall sending a torrent through cabins where the miners stayed. The former South Sudanese rebel leader react much is expected to arrive in the capital Juba shortly ahead of talks to help ensure a unity government is formed next month has been very little progress since President Salva Kiir and react Machar signed a peace deal last year funerals are taking place in eastern Afghanistan for dozens of victims of an attack on a mosque on Friday $65.00 worshippers were killed when an explosion during Friday prayers devastated the mosque in one province it's unclear who carried out the attack Hong Kong's leader carry Lamb has expressed her relief at the apparent resolution of a legal case that sparked more than 4 months of protests in the Territory Hong Kong man has indicated he's prepared to return to Taiwan to face accusations that he met his girlfriend. The leader of the powerful Lebanese faction has the law says all the country's political parties must accept responsibility for economic problems that have led to huge street protests and England have beaten Australia 4016 in the 1st quarter final of the Rugby World Cup in Japan in a few hours time New Zealand will take on island they hope to become the 1st team to win the trophy 3 times in a row the winner will play England in the semifinals and has the latest world news from the b.b.c. . Welcome to Science in action from the b.b.c. World Service with me right M.P.'s and we're talking earthquakes got to get bangs and snail conservation We start though with malaria despite years of effort I don't know success to be fair malaria remains one of the world's major afflictions there are still over $200000000.00 cases every year and over 400000 deaths the disease is parasitic mostly caused by the parasite Plasmodium falciparum which undergoes a complex life cycle having to be integrated effectively in the human liver before transferring into red blood cells and then via mosquito bites to new victims other species of plasmodium infect chimpanzees and gorillas so it's been a longstanding question of scientific interest how the disease became adapted to humans and the onset on arrival this week points to a chance to net a cross over long ago involving the protein r h 5 which is what allows the parasites to get into blood cells I don't run if it spoke to Gavin right at the welcome sign Institute where the work was done several tens of thousands of years ago it was a gorilla that became infected with 2 different species of plasmodium parasite and there was a transfer bit of genetic material from one parasite to another which then created a new parasite he had then gained the ability to be able to infect humans and we could recreate the protein that this ancient art 5 gene encoded we found this r.h. 5 protein had the jewel ability to bind the receptor on the red blood cells both from gorillas but also human and this interaction is absolutely required by all strains of Plasmodium falciparum parasite to invade red blood cells this was an incredibly bad day for humankind but I suppose also the reverse for gorillas Why was it not maintained in the gorilla population so that the past many I'm. Also calls. Disease when it infected gorillas there was a period of time where this new parasite if you like that became Plasmodium falciparum was able to infect both gorillas and humans and then over time what happened there were further mutations in this gene which then allowed it to become a human specialist if you like there are relatively few differences between the current version of Plasmodium falciparum r h 5 and that was involved in this zoonotic transfer event I think there were only 6 differences and what we could do is examine each one of those 6 differences in turn and we found that there was just one of those actually that led to the loss of it being able to point to grill a bastion of thereby become human specialist vaccines against malaria are now being trialled But the main weapon is the drug Artemisinin which kills the parasites in the blood the compound is based on one of many molecules found in the Chinese suite wormwood but because plasma becoming resistant to Artemisinin the search goes on for other chemicals especially ones that will tackle the parasites in the liver before they scrape into the blood and that quest takes scientists to all kinds of unlikely parts of the world including Antarctica which is where a chemist Bill Baker found fry matter a mite a potential antimalarial that looks in a cold water species of sponge This is a deep sea sponges came from 2000 meters in the vicinity of Antarctica and only accessible by trawling from shipboard and then we bring those frozen samples back to Florida and that's when we make the chemical extracts of those that we find the chemistry and John Adams your the medical expert in all this what point does Bill come to you and say we've might have a molecule that interest you usually starts somewhere along the line when there are 5 products if you don't want to use something too crude in this particular product . We've recently developed a platform to evaluate drugs against the effect of stage of my or parasites that's comes out of the mosquito and goes to your liver and that's an unexplored area. Coverage and so we really put 2 and 2 together this is a specimen like a Petri dish with some liver cells that you can keep alive. Really grow the human liver cells it's the natural cell that the site goes into and it has to go through a development takes about a week before it gets to the disease causing stage and so it's quite an opportunity if you can attack that states to prevent any illness from occurring I mean Bill this is a bit the puzzles me presumably you have sponge r.c. The main here is in flux see those federal. Inflated him dozens of samples some of them were pure. Some of them or mixtures. Happened to be. Like when we gave it to him and so we had a fairly early indication that the. Biological activity I mean how good. The cutoff is it's a pretty low bar nationally but this one had 100 percent killing activity which is not always the case 70 compared it to. The how drummer artists know much as the act of compound for darkness and quite a distinct advantage to this. Bill the big puzzles me I mean I know what natural product chemistry but it's not like a sponge is off the show will need to protect themselves from a tropical disease one is molecule doing in a cold water spout which the simple answer is sponges and trees in and bacteria all of these organisms are making weak Metabolife that they use for defensive purposes they want to keep fish from eating them they want to keep deer from eating them you know whatever their predators are plants and sponges can't get up and flee from a predator and so they've developed other mechanisms some of these organisms have developed chemistry and so the chemistry that is going to cause a microorganism to die if it lands on the surface of the sponge so the sponge doesn't get infected that chemistry that you know is active against some microorganism in the sea might also be active against. Many of the physiological processes in bacteria and amoebas and bungy and other infectious. It's not necessarily surprising then that a defensive compound. It's trying to keep microorganisms from from infecting it might be effective against. This discovery of. Its reputed in this journal called the Jodrell of natural products this is a fairly vigorous field of chemistry. From a review article that about half of the drugs discovered since of 2000 or something have some kind of natural chemistry behind them. Very good but I suppose some of them like might look good in the 1st instance but actually never make it to market . For free and. We find something this interesting maybe once every few years. But it's still got tens of years of development to make it a drug in the best of circumstances 90 percent of these kind of discoveries are not going to make it and given that you're interested in looking for a live a tree treatments that work in the liver How does free America stand out against any competition. Well it leads the field. If. We don't think that good is not good very promising but it also is nontoxic we test for toxicity because that's often a major problem and that the mortgage doing this type of screening mortar types of compounds are being screened the more likely we are to be successful John Adams bill because Thanks very much Bill and so on at Florida State University a pair of earthquakes rattled southern California in July it really made seismologists sit up not only were they the 1st major earthquakes in the region in 20 years they happened along with a swarm of smaller aftershocks within 34 hours of each other on neighboring faults but while one moved the terrain east west you have a cold north south movement and neither of those faults would previously known seismologist Zach cross the entire fault network that ruptured during this sequence was unmapped it's not a single structure it's a collection of faults and you can kind of think of this is a zone of distributed defamation to some degree different portions of this fault system started to fail at different times they have triggered each other so you've got one big this moving east west and then the no the bay a few a day later a few hours later is moving north south it doesn't make sense to me there's a lot of facts about this that are kind of surprising for the $6.00 we're able to see that it broke at least 3 large faults that we're at right angles to each other 2 of those were separated by a few. Kilometers from each other so it looks like it jumped from one fall to another and that's what formed this big l. Shape that you might have seen in the aftershock patterns that showed up early on for the 6.4 The magnitude $7.00 is more complicated ruptured many more faults we probably see on the order of 20 or more that broke together in the sequence and there are many different scales so the smallest of these scales is probably on the order of a kilometer or so and the largest is is tens of kilometers and these were quite big earthquakes yet they were happening on a relatively small an unknown structure. Yeah so if you look back at California over the last century and you look at all the large magnitude events that we've had now in hindsight it looks like most of these large magnitude events look more like Ridgecrest today than they do the 96 earthquake in reality this model that we have of faults where it's this little really really long fault that you know Center Ace's over a 1000 kilometers long that's probably more unusual to have an event like that where we can expect to have more earthquakes like this Ridgecrest sequence going forward not just in California but around the world and is pots of the interest in this because it's in California you have a huge amount of instrumentation to Tech the details we have lots of great instrumentation nearby that occurred in the desert every little crack was picked up by satellites that flew over a radar satellites you can sense the tiniest amount of defamation that occurred there and since there's no trees little vegetation that kind of thing few buildings the fault rupture was very well documented these 2 with quakes that happen within a few hours of each other on these 2 short segments slightly to the south of those on a map and your paper they see is much longer one of the Galant faults which sort of Rahm's east west was not affected its will by these events the Garlock actually started. Creeping following the Ridge press earthquakes so it started sliding slowly enough that the definition was picked up by the radar satellites and it so it moved on the order of 2 centimeters over the few weeks after the request sequence this creeping looks to be confined to probably the top one kilometer or so so it's relatively shallow it looks like I mean this is a Full of any concern to seismologists it is a concern because it's a large regional structure that's about 300 kilometers long it is a potential source of of hazard in California I mean it's it being serious ruptures in the past the strain on the guard is pretty low in terms of tectonic loading it hasn't had a large event and I think like 500 years so that's probably not enough to relieve anything significant especially since this is just confined to the shallow structure anyway we don't really know what this means it's an observation that we've seen in some other places for example in 2010 after the. 1007.2 earthquake that was just on the other side of the Us Mexico border that triggered the southern Sanjay is and the superstition Hills fault and a couple others to start creeping also but it's been shown that those faults actually had done this a number of other times as well this was the 1st time that we had seen the Garlock doing this but also there was a swarm that was activated on the Garlock about 55 kilometers to the southwest of Ridgecrest And and so that I think is still ongoing as of today and that would be coincidence so really to do you think you know it started basically the day of the sequence they're clearly related does it make any difference to the average person living in Los Angeles does this knowledge help. Understand what could happen if something severe does happen in l.a. There is a clear connection to the seismic hazard in that years ago we thought that the easiest way to come up with models for long term hazard was to basically identify as many faults as we could and the length of each of these faults we could kind of translate into some maximum magnitude that we would expect on that fault then if you considered every possible fault scenario as a different event you could kind of forecast the long term hazard but now as we're really seeing more and more of these multi fault ruptures I think it makes this harder to do because you have to consider all these different scenarios where some collection of faults could activate together to produce a larger one there's infinite numbers of combinations of those so. You know in my mind this really highlights the need to really think about these types of scenarios as being quite frequent going forward they keep showing up over and over again Zack Ross of context seismological labs and his and I was this was published this week in Science Ok let's head into outer space for a big bang not the big bang one a lot closer to home thankfully it happened a few 1000000 years ago this explosion at the heart of the Milky Way is nothing to be alarmed about but for astronomers It's a glimpse of the violent activity that's possible in the vicinity of the black hole in the middle of August to see a mass that is invisible in its own right but surrounded by a swelling luminous disc of shredded star and dust the accretion disk and that's where the explosion took place astronomers just beyond who are them told me when we look at the galactic center today a very peaceful place would be compared to other galaxies and it was amazing to find out that there wasn't fact an enormous flash of radiation what we call a safe flat and this happened 3000000 years ago. We see the echo of the explosion on gas way about. The black hole that light would have passed by us yet long long ago but let's hand it with the smoking gun as they often say still for you to spot with your telescope Yeah yes it's sort of like if you're in a movie theater watching the cone of light coming out of the camera onto the screen and seeing that thing flickering on enough or like a lighthouse with a beacon is being switched on and off it's not a continuous beacon of radiation or a beam of light it's sort of a flickering beam of light that's I think of the way in which gas and stars fall onto the central accretion disk around that whole kind of like dropping water onto a hot plate and you know how the water breaks up into big droplets and little droplets and you get big explosions and little explosions depending on how the droplets fall onto the plate and stuff is falling onto that accretion disk like gas clouds and stars in the case that I'm talking about I think it almost certainly has to be a molecular cloud of gas and dust it may have been about 10000 times the mass of our sun a star wouldn't give you enough The full of the water droplet is over in a fraction of a 2nd I don't suppose this was something happened in a fraction of a 2nd yes so it's a very good question so how long can these flares last for the last for millions of years or just for a Falcons of years we don't know in detail and we have models that tell us the flickering some of it could be on timescales of the 1000 years I can usually get a really big bang on timescales of a 1000000 years it's rather like earthquake activity you get a lot of all the time have some moderate earthquakes once a week and then maybe once a year you have a very very powerful earthquake so it's sort of very random behavior people don't have to be alarmed because it happened a long time and the flash has been past us but if either one was to be seen now or if we'd been around back then would the naked eye the Milky Way flu. 20 different yes I think so 3000000 years ago we had 8 like ancestors the Australopithecus afarensis walking on the surface of the earth they would have seen something maybe 10 times fainter than the moon and they would have seen basically light house be coming out of the center of actually in the direction of the constellation of the terrorists of course they would not have seen change so in a human lifetime you wouldn't see much change you just see the sort of cone of light like as I said like being in a movie theater and seeing a beam of light coming out of it at the projector this could have been bad news for someone somewhere at some point in actual fact I think that is the case these massive black holes are active at different times I mean only a few percent at one time but if you wait long enough all galaxies have this activity I would imagine that would be curtains for life within the inner parts of galaxies because they don't just produce announcing radiation and also produce particles we have this amazing telescope on the South Pole called Ice Cube one cubic kilometer of ice is being used as a detector and drilled holes through the ice and put on detectors 3000 detectors and every now and then they detect flashes of light in the eyes and this is now thought to be due to the galactic center itself so we know it produces deadly particles in addition to this radiation beams of radiation just bland Hawthorne of the Sydney Institute of astronomy Meanwhile back down on earth it's a dog eat dog world or worse than that snail eat snail the trouble in French Polynesia started when the giant African land snail was deliberately introduced as a source of food all well and good except the African snail Acca Tina quickly became an agricultural pest devastating the island's crops so someone smart thought Let's introduce another snail you plan Dina which dates on at Ciena and that will clean up the mess well. Like a Greek tragedy it all went wrong the predatory snails turned out to prefer the native Polynesian species parts conservationist and Clark was among the 1st to realize this was why prosecutors were disappearing he put the 3 in a plastic box together to see what happened and you can Donna at Parchin pick them up with feel as in turn them around and sucked them out of the picture shell and that's when we realized there was a problem with the partially species but that's also where the rescue effort began with and clock bringing back caress avoid this to be bred up that s.l. London Zoo and that's where our reporter named me kind of broader met conservationist Dave Clark and Paul Pierce Kelly this is the part Chile conservation breeding ramps are surrounded here by some of the rarest species on the planet and quite a lot of them as well so we have friends of tanks here in all pretty room which is on display and that is a lot of things that people see as working on the same each tank that you see here has a population of science there are adults in there with that by obese as well to give birth to live young the science which is unusual I was imagine Snow's lay eggs you know if you're right the vast majority of snails do like eggs there's only a few species which to produce a lot of young they're actually what's called a vaporous like develop an egg but it has cheese internally before it's born it does mean that the very tiny babies which you can see some on the sides of the tanks here they're only a few millimeters Gnome they can be difficult to tell apart from bits of snail per you as well let me just find one for you on the side here there's one just there oh my gosh it's so small so they're born as a perfect little snarls with a shell and everything and also they're very cute they have quite long for snuggles as nails Garri they're cuter than Mark's although these small snails are very cute in their native habitat they served an important environmental function a lot of snails all. Armory recyclers it's kind for material when we all realize how important it is in the ecosystem it's one of fundamental ecosystem services that things like invertebrates particularly play a vital role in there so if you take that sort of animal out of the environment it could have a very long term problem for the ecosystem cover when you look at the early photographs you see the snails in the field there. Isn't of them so they must have had the really impact for our on the recycling and we also see the passion is the pretty robust little things and they can deal with really trashed habitat completely altered habits and alien species of plants except for so they have a lot going for them provide no actually being eaten they got a good chance and it's important for us to explain to people that quite often people there are weather got gardens last night as my garden washer the word out varies but that's nothing I mean that you have problems with some certain species Nelsons lives and gone but otherwise snails are important part of ecosystem and must be protected Well it started as just a handful of snails and ends plastic lunchbox today protecting the partially snails is a project of international scale captive breeding programs have been in places use around the world for the last 30 years and recently they've been returning some of the snails to their native habitats back in the wild populations of the predatory Rosie wolfs now have thankfully been declining but now the partial face new dangers according to Paul who leads the collaborative international breeding program climate change is another real fact that we have to take into account and said if you're in French Polynesia you know once a climate change skeptic because they're seeing it play out and there's a lot of change in the environment and we're fortunate again rapacious that they have the ability to move up the valleys up to the higher regions so they have a good chance there as well but by golly when you see flash floods can there and really extreme events as well as you know changes. In the way that they are and of what season I have 6 extra climate change is super critical to pretty much any conservation focus you want to think about although the fate of the partial a snail's has been human made either introduced predators or climate change Paul is optimistic that humans are also the key to saving the Parchin from extinction if you lose the species is ecological Raul's gone but you also begin to have a disconnect terms of yes we no longer see this now as we no longer use them in our culture or why of life necklaces and other kinds of jewelry very very significant part of the culture so I think we turning the species back into the region helps on all those different levels I think that bodes well for them by a tough little resilient spaces provided they get a break and that break is being provided not only by the zoos involved in the international breeding program but also through a strong partnership with the French Polynesian government and local people who have been instrumental in ensuring the partial are thriving once returned to their native habitat over the last 5 years about a dozen species of partial or have already been safely returned and the team of just recently returned to additional species back to the islands it would be a lovely story from a thriving species to extinction to conservation to back into the wild and talk ending that report by naming Clements broad with a message of hope my hope will be back with more hopeful stories and songs in action next week until then from a written piece and producer Julian Segal Thanks for listening. Hayes love our version here we are in the middle. Of all member drive so I wanted to say thanks to my long lost cousin Melissa Burton in Burbank who left this comment I'm very grateful for the trustworthy news info and insights k.p.c. See what's on the air every day join the family and show your support for honest individual local journals now Kavi season. We're showing our next film week movie just blocks from some of its key locations you're talking about memories it's Blade Runner Saturday evening November 2nd at the theater race hotel in downtown l.a. Take a take a p.c.c. Dot org slash in person this is 89.3 k.p.c. See Pasadena Los Angeles a community service of Pasadena City College you can claim your place in the workforce of the future with over 100 specialized certificate programs learn more at Pasadena dot edu It's 10 o'clock g.m.t. I'm Jacki Lyden and this is the news room from the b.b.c. World Service at the 1st Saturday sitting of Parliament 137 years the British prime minister Boris Johnson has urged M.P.'s to back his breaks it deal innovates later today a deal that can heal the rift in British politics here night. After night the warring instincts in Australia the session is still going on and off position policies a scathing he has renegotiated the withdrawal agreement and made it even worse. Renegotiated the political decoration and made that even worse we'll have more on exactly what M.P.'s will be voting on today we'll hear what's being said in Brussels and want voters away from London think about what's going on that's all here on the news room from the b.b.c. World service will begin though with a news bulletin. Hello I'm Debbie us with the b.b.c. News the British prime minister bar's Johnson has made an impassioned plea to parliament to back his banks it deal calling it an historic opportunity to move the country forward after years of division Mr Johnson edged M.P.'s to come together to end what he described as this debilitating feud and he warned against an amendment seeking further delay there's who agree like me the bricks it must be delivered and who likely prefer to avoid a new deal outcrop must abandon the delusion that this house can delay again and I must tell the House in all candor that there is a very different appetite among friends in the e.u. For this business to be protected by one extra day denouncing the deal is worse than the previous one the opposition Labor Party leader Jameco been set accepting it would fire the starting pistol on a race to the bottom this tail is not good for jobs damaging for our industry and us threats to our environment and our natural world it's not a good deal of rock country and Future Gen.