Mexico, was kept secret for many years. And for a good reason, which only becomes apparent at night. First the roof of one building is open to the stars. Then the walls retract. An object straight out of star wars appears. Shooting a laze entire the sky. If you thought space was a peaceful haven, think again. Its a competition that i wish wasnt occurring, but it is, and if were threatened in space, we have the right of selfdefense, and well make sure we can execute that right. Martin and use force if necessary. Thats why we have a military. You know, im not nasa. Im steve kroft. Im lesley stahl. Im morley safer. Im bill whitaker. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. Cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial calling all chief life officers. Glor good evening. Apple is expected to announce strong secondquarter earnings tomorrow. Volkswagens chairman stepped down after failing to oust the c. E. O. And team u. S. A. Launched a crowdfunding web site the help cover the cost of going to the 2016 olympics. Im jeff glor, cbs news. Im brian vickers, nascar® driver. Im kevin nealon comedian. And im arnold palmer, professional golfer. Know what we have in common . We talked to our doctors about treatment with xarelto®. Me, when i had a blood clot in my leg that could have traveled to my lungs. Thats why i took xarelto®, too. Xarelto® is proven to treat and help reduce the risk of dvt and pe blood clots. I took xarelto® for afib. An irregular heartbeat that can lead to a stroke from a blood clot. Xarelto® is proven to reduce the risk of stroke in people with afib, not caused by a heart valve problem. Hey, well im glad we got together. For people with afib currently well managed on warfarin there is limited information on how xarelto® and warfarin compare in reducing the risk of stroke. I tried warfarin before, but the blood testing routine and dietary restrictions had me off my game. Tell me about it. Lets see, golf clinic, or blood clinic . Ooh, thats a tough one. Not this time. Not with xarelto®. Anything else . Ill have another arnold palmer. Ok. Make mine a kevin nealon. Really, brian . Hey, safety first. Like all blood thinners, dont stop taking xarelto® without talking to your doctor as this may increase your risk of a blood clot or stroke. While taking xarelto® you may bruise more easily and it may take longer for bleeding to stop. Xarelto® may increase your risk of bleeding if you take certain medicines. Xarelto® can cause serious bleeding and in rare cases may be fatal. Get help right away if you develop unexpected bleeding unusual bruising, or tingling. If you have had spinal anesthesia while on xarelto® watch for back pain or any nerve or musclerelated signs or symptoms. Do not take xarelto® if you have an artificial heart valve, or abnormal bleeding. Tell your doctor before all planned medical or dental procedures. Before starting xarelto® tell your doctor about any conditions such as kidney, liver, or bleeding problems. Xarelto® has been prescribed more than 11 million times in the u. S. And that numbers growing. Like your guys scores. With xarelto® there is no regular blood monitoring, and no known dietary restrictions. Treatment with xarelto® was the right move for us. Ask your doctor about xarelto®. You may be able to get up to 12 months at no cost. Tonight, Clarissa Ward on assignment for 60 minutes. Ward tonight, nepal is digging out from a powerful earthquake centered just outside the city of kathmandu, a Natural Disaster that killed more than 2,000 people. A tragedy with a similar dimension of human loss is taking place in the mediterranean sea. Last weekend, an estimated 800 migrants trying to reach europe drowned when their boat capsized off the libyan coast. Thousands of people had already died trying to make that same dangerous journey. Theyre part of the largest mass migration since the second world war, fueled by the chaos and violence that have consumed the middle east and north africa. Every day, desperate migrants are packed into rubber rafts and overloaded fishing boats in libya and sent toward the italian coast. They spend hours or days hoping to be rescued before they sink. It is a dangerous gamble, and the odds are getting worse. We wanted to see what its like to travel through those treacherous waters. Over a period of months, we followed the people on both sides of this life and death struggle. The Italian Coast Guard allowed us to join its search and rescue mission. With summer approaching and the weather improving, this is shaping up to be an unprecedented season of death in the mediterranean. At first, it was just a tiny smudge on the horizon, dwarfed by a merchant ship nearby. But as we moved closer, we were able to make out human forms around 50 people, we thought at first, packed into a rickety wooden fishing boat no more than 40 feet long, bobbing in the open sea. Okay, understood 20 minutes, we arrive in the area. Ward on the bridge of the Italian Coast Guard ship fiorillo, the captain had received word that someone from the boat had used a Satellite Phone to call for help. The migrants were just 40 miles from the libyan coast, well outside of italian waters, but the law of the sea dictates that anyone who can help, must. He sent two small launches to make the first approach. Sit down, sit down. Ward the crews threw bags stuffed with life jackets to the migrants. Its one of the most dangerous moments in any rescue as desperate passengers surge towards their rescuers, boats like this often capsize. Sit down, sit down ward eyewitnesses say thats exactly what happened in last weekends disaster. Women and children, women and children. Ward women and children are always the first to be taken off, and we were shocked by just how many there were. The coast guard ferried the migrants back to the ship before returning to collect more and more, an operation that lasted into the night. On this rescue, the final count an incredible 301 migrants in a 40foot fishing boat. Its a process that is being repeated day after day across this strip of the mediterranean by Italian Coast Guard crews led by officers like arturo incerti. Last year, more than 170,000 people made the crossing. Arturo incerti its not easy to see every day for months only people in the deep sea, like obliged to make this travel because they are escaping from wars, from bombs, from. And its. Its a Human Experience that is very hard to accept. Ward theyre so desperate, these people. Incerti they have nothing to lose. That is terrible to understand. Ward many were in a state of shock, wrapped in emergency blankets. They were given a basic medical checkup and some food. From the moment they set foot on this deck, these migrants have reached safety. But theyve also, in a sense crossed a border, because being rescued by the Italian Coast Guard means that they will reach italy. And that is something they were willing to risk their lives for. On the rescue we witnessed, some of the migrants were refugees from syrias brutal civil war. But most were fleeing the harsh dictatorship in the african country of eritrea. They told us that conditions there were so brutal and opportunities so few that they were willing to travel more than 1,500 miles just to take a chance on a small boat. Mulu amale it is very dangerous, but to live in eritrea is more dangerous from this. Ward we talked to mulu amale and his friends, who said they spent weeks living on bread and water under the control of armed libyan smugglers. All the libyan, they have guns. Amale it is very cruel people. Ward cruel people why . How were they cruel . What did they do . Amale if you speak with your brother, they take. Ward they smack, they beat you . Amale yes. Ward by the time they saw how small the boat was, they were too scared of the smugglers to back out. The coast guard has now started to dread good weather. A flat blue sea can spell disaster, triggering a flood of refugees to attempt the crossing at once. Leopoldo manna we have never seen Something Like this. Ward captain Leopoldo Manna is the man who receives those desperate Satellite Phone calls from migrants abandoned by smugglers at sea. His Coast Guard Command Center in rome works around the clock knowing that if their boats dont take action, the migrants will likely die. Manna its difficult to explain that sometime we have 25 boats asking for rescue. We dont exactly know where they are, and they all ask to be rescued. Its an incredible. Ward and you cant rescue all of them. Manna its not possible to rescue 25 all together and you dont know where they are. Ward do you they understand the risks . Manna i believe that they understand the risk. Ward but it doesnt stop them. Manna the problem. They. I believe that they are so desperate that nothing will stop them. Ward so its like these smugglers are putting a gun to your head. Manna i confirm. I confirm. Something like that. As they put a gun in front of us to save these people, almost Something Like that. Ward most of the ships leave from libya, where a complete breakdown of law and order gives smugglers free reign. Italian territory is more than 150 miles away, but the boats only need to Reach International waters before sending an sos. Manna they call from these places, sometimes closer to libya. They say, save me. I say, okay. I call libya, nobody answer from libya. Ward nobody answered. Manna simply no. Ward they dont even answer the phone . Manna no, they even dont answer to the phone. Ward the coast guard is proud of the work it is doing, but its resources are over stretched. Manna sometimes, i feel alone. This is the truth. Ward alone in what sense . Manna alone. Alone because i have my guys, my ladies, my men, but i dont have other help. And i need to be helped. Ward you need support. Manna i need support, right. Ward after days at sea, the migrants are sent to places like this. We visited sicilys mineo camp which is home to thousands who have been pulled out of the mediterranean. For many, italy is a gateway to countries further north that are already struggling with immigration issues. The cost of feeding and housing so many new migrants in the midst of a financial crisis has presented europe with a real challenge and no easy solution. Federico soda every time a boat goes down and a few hundred people die, were shocked we see it in the headlines. And then we go back pretty much to business as usual. Ward federico soda is the International Organization for migrations regional director for the mediterranean. He welcomed this weeks announcement that europe would increase funding for its sea patrols, but says that more action must be taken. Where do you think the reluctance comes from . Soda i think that its a combination of immigration being not only a tricky issue but, in some countries, almost a toxic issue. And also, the fact that, basically, its very easy to make the case that, if we rescue people at sea, that encourages more of them to leave from north africa and. And come to europe. Ward does that not strike you as incredibly cynical . Soda its. It is, its incredibly cynical. Thats exactly what it is. Ward so do you see this as a moral obligation . Soda yeah. Its a moral obligation, all right. Ward recent events have disproven the idea that deaths at sea act as a deterrent. There is a growing number of desperate people willing to do anything to get to europe, and smugglers finding new ways to ship them there. The case of the so called ghost ships is a perfect example. At the beginning of the year traffickers in turkey started taking large, old merchant ships that were ready to be scrapped and filling them with hundreds of syrians fleeing a bloodbath at home. The smugglers then pointed the ships toward italy and abandoned them. The journey lasted five long days. In one case, passengers were crammed into a boat designed to carry cattle. But the relative safety of those big ships was a huge draw. The turkish seaport of mersin began to fill up with thousands of syrians ready to make deals with the smugglers. We brought a hidden camera into the cafee where many of those first contacts are made. This table is where the smugglers are sitting together talking business. One of them had taken over this hotel to house all the syrians who had already paid him to get on a ghost ship. Out in the courtyard, a middleman explained how everything works to a member of our team who was posing as a refugee. Translator with me, it costs 5,500. Ward roughly 6,000 per person. Children under eight travel for free, he said. Translator its not dangerous. These are all large ships. You call the coast guard to say we are sinking, we are sinking, so they come to take you. Ward upstairs in one of the hotel rooms, we found ahmad zaid alabdu and his pregnant wife fatima waiting with their four young children. Look at what they packed for the journey to italy. Translator only these three bags. We had two big bags, but they said we are not allowed and that the bags will be thrown in the sea. Ward we brought the family to a safe house to hear their story. Ahmad told us the bombardment in their hometown of aleppo was so relentless that they stopped sending their children to school. So they sold their house to raise the 12,000 for the smugglers fee. Fatima i am afraid. I am afraid for my children, for my husband, but also for myself, that we will drown. Ward do you know how to swim . Fatima no. Ward how do you feel, as a father, to have to make this choice . Ahmad zaid alabdu i made this decision because its better than staying in my own country. There may be a chance of dying on the way, but in syria, death is guaranteed. People became like monsters. No one loves anyone anymore. People dont love each other at all. A brother doesnt even love his brother. Thats why i made this decision. And, god willing, it will be all right. Ward would you have taken the risk if you had to go on one of the small boats, or are you only doing this because it is a big boat . Alabdu no, i wouldnt have traveled because the small boats mean death. Ward but in the days after that interview, the turkish government cracked down on the ghost ships and the Syrian Refugees began flooding in another direction, this time to greece. Ahmed and his family had to take a gamble on a small boat after all. It was a rubber raft like this one, captured for us on a cell phone by another syrian refugee who made the same dangerous journey to a greek island. The Safety Measures are rudimentary. While some have life jackets others wear inner tubes. One man holds a childs pool float. When they finally reach the shore, you can see their relief. Not everyone is so lucky just days ago, this boat packed with syrian migrants broke up after hitting rocks off the coast of the greek island of rhodes. At least three were killed, one of them a small child. Ahmed and his family made the journey to greece at night. He captured the moments just after they were rescued. They had reached europe, but they too had paid a terrible price. Fatima had a miscarriage, yet another casualty that will never be recorded. Most of those who die at sea sink without a trace. Many of the bodies that are recovered are never identified. They are buried in small plots in anonymous graves. Clarissa ward talks about life on deck of a coast guard vessel with 300 rescued migrants. Go to 60minutesovertime. Com sponsored by i was a doer. Then the chronic, widespread pain slowed me down. My doctor and i agreed that moving more helps ease fibromyalgia pain. He also prescribed lyrica. For some patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia pain and improves physical function. With less pain, i feel better. Lyrica may cause serious allergic reactions or suicidal thoughts or actions. Tell your doctor right away if you have these, new or worsening depression or unusual changes in mood or behavior. Or swelling, trouble breathing rash, hives, blisters, muscle pain with fever, tired feeling or blurry vision. Common side effects are dizziness, sleepiness, weight gain and swelling of hands, legs and feet. Dont drink alcohol while taking lyrica. Dont drive or use machinery until you know how lyrica affects you. Those who have had a drug or alcohol problem may be more likely to misuse lyrica. Fibromyalgia may have changed things. But with less pain, im still a doer. Ask your doctor about lyrica. At subway, we begin with freshlybakedbread; then combine tender turkeybreast, with robust, spicy, melty italian favorites; adding a splash of our new subway vinaigrette. The magnificent new turkey italiano melt. Only at subway. [ starter ] ready [ starting gun goes off ] [ male announcer ] over time youve come to realize. Its less of a race. And more of a journey. So carry on. With an aarp Medicare Supplement insurance plan. Insured by unitedhealthcare insurance company. Go long. Now, david martin on assignment for 60 minutes. Martin without most of us noticing, our everyday activities everything from getting cash at an atm to watching this program depend on satellites in space. And for the u. S. Military, its not just everyday activities the way it fights depends on space. Satellites are used to communicate with troops, gather intelligence, fly drones, and target weapons. But top military and Intelligence Leaders are now worried those satellites are vulnerable to attack. They say china, in particular, has been actively testing anti satellite weapons that could, in effect, knock out americas eyes and ears. No one wants a war in space, but its the job of a branch of the air force called Space Command to prepare for one. If youve never heard of Space Command, its because most of what it does happens hundreds, even thousands, of miles above the earth, or deep inside highly secure command centers. You may be as surprised as we were to find out how the high stakes game for control of space is played. The research being done at the Starfire Optical range in albuquerque, new mexico, was kept secret for many years and for a good reason, which only becomes apparent at night. First, the roof of one building is opened to the stars. Then the walls retract, and an object straight out of star wars appears shooting a laser into the sky. The lasers beam helps a high powered telescope focus in on objects in space so the air force can get a better look at the satellites of potential adversaries like china whizzing by at 17,000 Miles Per Hour. Its part of a complex, and mostly secret, battle for what the military considers the ultimate high ground. John hyten there is no such thing as a day without space. Martin thats the mantra of general john hyten, the head of air force Space Command. Hyten think of what life used to be like and all the things that we have today in warfare that wouldnt exist without space. Remotely piloted aircraft all weather precision guided munitions didnt exist before space. Now, we can attack any target on the planet, anytime, anywhere in any weather. Martin what would the u. S. Military do without space . Hyten what happens is you go back to world war ii. You go back to Industrial Age warfare. Martin and your job is to make sure there is no day without space. Hyten absolutely. And you should be thinking right from the beginning that this is a contested environment and. Martin hyten drills into his troops that u. S. Satellites are no longer safe from attack. 11 countries, including iran and north korea, now have the ability to launch objects into orbit. And russia and china have been testing new antisatellite technologies. Its a competition that i wish wasnt occurring, but it is. And if were threatened in space, we have the right of selfdefense, and well make sure we can execute that right. Martin and use force if necessary. Hyten thats why we have a military. You know, im not nasa. Martin Space Command has 38,000 airmen at 134 locations around the world. One of their most visible missions is to make sure u. S. Satellites can always get into space from launch pads like this one at Vandenberg Air force base in california. Hyten this is where space begins. If you cant get the satellite into space, its worthless. Im a satellite guy, so i get very nervous around rockets. Because the most valuable thing on the rocket is the top, is the satellite, because when you have 500,000 pounds of thrust, if anything goes wrong, its an explosion. Its dangerous, and you lose the capabilities thats on the top. T minus 15 seconds. Martin the u. S. Has more satellites in space than any other nation over 500 and counting. More than 30 military and civilian launches will take place this year at Space Command bases in florida and california. The pentagon told us it spends 10 billion a year on space. But we found a white house report that estimates the real cost is much higher 25 billion, when you count spy satellites and other classified spending. Thats more than nasa or any other space agency in the world. Some of those satellites provide the gps signals that guide smart bombs now attacking isis targets in iraq and syria. But a lot of people dont realize those same gps satellites provide the signals your smart phone uses to navigate. Its a service the air force provides free, not just here in the United States but to the entire world. William cooley this is a global utility, and theres a lot of people depending on this, and we understand that. Martin at a boeing plant in los angeles, colonel bill cooley showed us a gps satellite that was being tested in a special chamber to make sure it was ready for launch. Cooley when these things get on orbit, theres no depot. You cant. You cant drive it back into the maintenance shop. Its somewhat like trying to design an automobile that is going to run for, you know, 12 to 15 years, and you cant take it in the shop, you cant take it in for refueling, but its got to run 24 7. Martin in orbit, the satellite will spread out its solar panels, point its odd looking antennas towards the earth, and broadcast its location, along with a time signal accurate to nanoseconds. A gps receiver needs signals from four of these satellites to figure out its location. Cooley told us it costs a quarter of a billion dollars to design and build each one. And to put it into space, how much does it cost . Cooley thats about the same. Martin so youre pushing half a billion dollars to get that thing into space . Cooley thats right. Martin the u. S. Has 31 active gps satellites in space right now, and a lot more than smart bombs and smart phones depend on them. Bank atms, cellphone towers and power grids use their signals. Farmers use gps to work their fields. So at your active time, you are just going to go active. Martin the gps satellite system the whole world relies on is operated out of this room at Schriever Air force base in colorado by lieutenant todd benson and his team. Prepass svn 34. Martin we were a little surprised by how many people it takes. Todd benson eight personnel. Martin eight people . Benson yes, sir. Martin for the entire world . Benson yes, sir. Martin so, are these. Are these technological experts . Benson yes, sir. But theyre as young as 19 years old. Martin isnt there a minimum age for driving satellites . Benson laughs not here. Martin another thing that surprised us is that theres no way to effectively armor an important satellite like this or to conceal its location from attack. So it cant hide in space . Cooley thats true. And we. In fact, its. It tells you where it is. Martin this is a system the whole world depends on, costs a small fortune to put it up there, and its a sitting duck. Cooley well, this is one of the challenges that. In Space Command that were. We are very aware of. Martin today, can a u. S. Military satellite maneuver itself out of the way of an upcoming antisatellite weapon . Hyten it depends on a huge number of variables. Martin so the answer is, maybe. Hyten the answer is maybe. Martin youve got these satellites worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and they maybe could get out of harms way . Hyten it depends on the satellite. It depends on the mission. It depends on when it was built, depends on how old it is. It depends on when we know the threat is coming. Martin knowing a threat is coming is no small task when the territory youre responsible for is 73 trillion cubic miles. Space command maintains a Global Network of radars, telescopes, and Satellite Communications antennas like this one. You can see the magnetic lines, just they are looping all over. Martin all the information feeds in to the joint Space Operations center, jspoc for short, at Vandenberg Air force base. This is the command center for space . Jay raymond yes, sir. 24 7, 365 days a year maintaining. Martin if a u. S. Satellite were attacked, Lieutenant General jay raymond would use this phone to alert a chain of command leading to the white house. Is an attack on an american satellite an act of war . Hyten thats been a line of debate for as long as ive been in this business. Martin if there is an attempt to attack or interfere with a u. S. Satellite, who makes the decision about what we do about it . Hyten that would be the president of the United States. Martin and its not just an antisatellite weapon theyre worried about. There are other dangers, too. Raymond today, we track about 23,000 objects. Martin how many of them are actually functioning satellites . Raymond roughly 1,300 of those are active satellites. The rest are debris. Martin junk. Raymond yes, sir, junk. Explorer, this is kowalski reporting visual contact with debris. Debris is from a bse sat. Martin the movie gravity dramatized the devastating effect manmade debris travelling at 17,000 Miles Per Hour could have on the International Space station. The jspoc tracks dead satellites, old rocket boosters, even stray space gloves, and alerts satellite operators and astronauts if a collision is likely. Raymond last year, in 2014 the International Space station was maneuvered three times to avoid colliding with a piece of debris. A lot of the debris thats threatening the space station was created in 2007 when the chinese tested a groundbased antisatellite weapon. It crashed into one of their old weather satellites 530 miles above the earth, shattering it into pieces. Raymond this is the debris that resulted from the 2007 chinese asat. So this is about 3,000 pieces of debris just from that one event. Martin that came just from that one collision . Raymond just from that one collision. Martin debris apart, how important was that test in terms of revealing Chinese Space capabilities . Hyten it was a significant wakeup call to our entire military. Until that singular event, i dont think the broader military realized that that is something were going to have to worry about. Martin have they conducted any similar tests since . Hyten they continue to conduct tests. The testing theyre doing is to make sure that the. If they ever got into a conflict with us or any other spacefaring nation, they would have the ability to destroy satellites, and that is a bad thing for the United States, a bad thing for the planet. Martin a bad thing, no doubt, but is the u. S. Doing it, too . And did china recently raise the stakes, testfiring a weapon deeper into space than ever before and threatening some of this countrys most valuable satellites . That part of our story, when we come back. 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S. Military than the ones that provide Early Warning of a longrange Nuclear Missile attack. Even at the height of the cold war, those satellites stationed deep in space, some 20,000 miles above the earth were considered safe from attack. But deep space is no longer the sanctuary it once was. A former Space Command officer told us that, two years ago, the chinese tested an antisatellite weapon that went higher than any previously reported, and came toocloseforcomfort to the area where those Missile Warning satellites are located. Brian weeden if those satellites are now at risk, that is something that, from the u. S. Militarys point of view, is new. Because its always believed those satellites, there wasnt really a significant threat to those capabilities. Martin brian weeden served as an officer in air force Space Command until 2007. Hes now technical adviser to the secure world foundation, which promotes the peaceful use of space. Weeden the topic for todays discussion is. Martin weeden says the chinese have testfired as many as six groundbased anti satellite weapons. Only one, in 2007, actually hit a satellite and created debris. But one of the others soared to new heights. Weeden there was one test in may of 2013 that may have gone as high as 30,000 kilometers. And thats one that i think really is kind of causing quite a bit of concern on the u. S. Side. Martin to understand just how far that is, the International Space station orbits at about 200 miles above the earth, and those gps satellites we showed you orbit at 12,000 miles. The 2013 testlaunch weedens talking about is believed to have gone up to 18,600 miles just shy of whats known as geosynchronous or geo stationary orbit. And thats where the u. S. Military has stationed some of its most valuable Missile Warning sensors and topsecret Communications Devices that serve as its eyes and ears in time of war. Weeden i think what keeps a lot of American Military planners up at night is if china has antisatellite capabilities, when do they use those in a conflict . Do they use them at the start to try and blind the u. S. . Martin those sound like the. The crown jewels of american satellites up there in geosynchronous orbit. Weeden absolutely. Those satellites were developed in an environment where the u. S. Assumed there would not be reason to attack them. So you end up with a small number of very expensive satellites that have a lot of capability packed onto each one. And result is juicy targets. Martin a spokesman for Chinas Foreign Ministry admitted testing an anti satellite weapon in 2007, but china has denied conducting subsequent tests, and told us it is committed to the peaceful use of outer space. It said the 2013 launch into deep space was simply a science experiment. But using skills he honed as an officer in Space Command, brian weeden analyzed commercial Satellite Photos and other publicly available data about the launch. He concluded that science experiment was probably fired into space by a military missile launcher like this. Hyten this building was built. Martin general john hyten, the head of air force Space Command, has seen the classified intelligence about that launch. These followon chinese tests, how high up do they go . Hyten pretty high. Martin well, how highs that . Hyten i wont characterize what. What the chinese capabilities are. I just will tell you that we know what they are. Martin well, ive read reports by a congressional commission, which said that, in the next five to ten years china likely will be able to hold at risk u. S. National security satellites in every orbital regime. Do you agree with this statement by the commission . Hyten i think theyll be able to threaten every orbital regime that we operate in. Now, we have to figure out how to defend those satellites, and were going to. Martin Space Command is making its new satellites more maneuverable to evade attack and also more resistant to jamming. Its building a new radar system that will enable the Space Operations center to track objects in space as small as a softball. And its deployed two highly maneuverable surveillance satellites to keep watch on what other countries are doing high up in geostationary orbit. Martin satellites watching other satellites. Hyten satellites watching other satellites. Martin and how do they improve your knowledge . Hyten because theyre up close. Martin normally, the capabilities of spy satellites are kept top secret. But Space Command put out this fact sheet about its new assets in geosynchronous orbit. Hyten we want people to understand that were watching. There will be no surprises in geo. And we want everybody in the world to know that there will be no surprises in that orbit. Its way too valuable for us to just be surprised. Martin deterrence in the Nuclear World was built on weapons. Hyten right. And deterrence in the. In the space world has got to be built on a little bit different construct. Its the ability to convince an adversary that, if they attack us, they will fail. Martin air force secretary Deborah Lee James told us the pentagon plans to spend an extra 5 billion over the next five years to protect its satellites. What do you consider to be the greatest single threat to u. S. Satellites . Deborah lee james an anti satellite weapon would certainly be a great threat. A laser would be a threat. Jamming capabilities are also a threat. Martin do china and russia have lasers that could blind american satellites . James they are testing and investing, and that is worrisome to the United States. All right, good morning bravo crew. We are going to start it off with intel. Martin testing and investing in sometimes mysterious ways. Russia is going to be launching a soyuz 2. Martin last year, airmen at the joint Space Operations center monitored the seemingly routine launch of three Russian Communications satellites. Lieutenant jay raymond and his team spotted what they assumed was just an ordinary piece of debris from the launch. Raymond about a week later a young air force captain detected that that debris started to move. Martin move, as in maneuver, right up close to the body of the rocket that had launched it into space. So what is that object that keeps maneuvering in space . Raymond david, im not going to speculate, but i can tell you what it isnt. Its not a piece of debris. Weeden that type of maneuver is whats called a rendezvous and proximity operation. And its actually something that the u. S. Had been working on for the last several years, if not longer. Martin satellites that can rendezvous with other satellites may someday be used to refuel or make repairs. But theyre potential weapons, as well. If you can get close enough to inspect or service another satellite, is that close enough to disable it . Weeden absolutely. And theres. Theres a wide range of ways you can do that. Martin such as . Weeden breaking off a solar panel or even some have theorized, you know, spray painting over optics so that the satellite cant see anything. Martin so if you thought space was a peaceful haven think again. This is a new kind of space race, a cosmic game of hideand seek. And the same technology that enables this telescope to see more clearly into space could potentially be used to help a laser weapon focus more powerfully on a target. The Bush Administration wanted to develop such a weapon here in 2006, but ran into resistance from congress. Is any work being done on lasers that could be used to blind satellites . James theres no such work at this time. Martin does the u. S. Have any weapons in space . James no, we do not. Martin im thinking of satellites that maneuver next to another satellite, and then take some action to disable it without blowing it up. James we do have satellites that maneuver, that look at things in space. But not what you just described. Martin you think the chinese believe that . James i. I dont know what they believe. Martin when the chinese look at americas Space Operations, they see a program that, by most estimates, spends ten times more than they do and has tested antisatellite weapons of its own. Space command told us an american f15 fired a missile into space five times in the 1980s, and one of those times destroyed a u. S. Satellite creating debris that remained in space for decades. One of the officers involved in that test was general hyten. Hyten i think it was a surprise to most people on that program, how much debris we created. Martin so where do we get off lecturing the chinese about testing antisatellite weapons if we were the first and if we created debris . Hyten well, it. Because we learned our lesson and told the world and the congress said, you will not test that weapon anymore. Martin but when a u. S. Intelligence satellite containing hazardous fuel malfunctioned in 2008. Martin . The navys aegis defense system, designed to knock out incoming missiles, was used to shoot it down. Chinese must think weve got an antisat. Satellite capability as well. Weeden i think they certainly have come to that conclusion, or not. If the u. S. Doesnt have a capability they certainly could field one very quickly. Martin what you just described is the formula for an arms race. They see a capability, we have that capability. They react to that capability. They react, we react, and there you go. Weeden i think it certainly could turn out that way. Martin one of the big dangers is that a problem in space could inflame a conflict here on earth. For instance, if a nation suddenly lost its earlywarning satellites in the middle of a crisis, it might assume it was the beginning of an attack. Weeden now, in reality, it mightve been a simple manufacturing failure. It mightve been a piece of space debris. But in the moment of crisis, i think thats the sort of situation that could escalate something that might otherwise have. Have stayed partly contained. Martin general hyten told us Space Command is currently only developing weapons that do not create debris, like this mobile jammer which can be used to incapacitate satellites. Hyten we have a capability called a Counter Communications System that is built to deny an adversary the use of space communications. All i can say is its a capability that exists on the ground, and it does not create debris in any way. Martin the only two things you told me about the u. S. Ability to fight in space, are the ability to maneuver your satellites and to jam other satellites. Is that it . Hyten thats not it, but thats all i can tell you. Martin one secret project is hiding in plain sight. Its the x37b space plane, a small, remotelypiloted vehicle that can fly in space for 20 months at a time. A model of it hangs in hytens headquarters in colorado. So here is your chance to end all the speculation about what the space plane is really for. Hyten its really for cool things. Martin for instance . Hyten for instance, it goes up to space, but unlike other satellites, it actually comes back. Anything that we put in the payload bay that we take up to space we can now bring back. And we can learn from that. Martin can you tell me whether or not, someday, the space plane is going to become a weapons system . Hyten the intent is. I cannot answer that question. Martin but if. If youre determined not to create any more debris in space, why cant you say that this might not become a Weapon System . Hyten im not going to say what its going to become because were experimenting. Martin hyten told us there are bound to be conflicts in space. The important thing is to avoid a shooting war that could create so much debris, it might become impossible to put satellites or astronauts into orbit. The chinese, of course, look at everything youre doing, and they. Hyten im sure theyre looking at this. Martin . Say. And they say youre developing the capability to threaten them, and that all those satellites are a direct threat to their National Security. So why wouldnt they create a capability to take out those satellites . Hyten you know, the. The chinese are also building a very robust Exploration Program to go to the moon, to explore the stars. They could destroy their entire program by going down the way they are. Martin theres not a shooting war going on out there. But it sure does seem like there is a very highstakes contest going on in space. James it is high stakes. Martin high stakes with very few rules. A 1967 u. N. Treaty calls for the peaceful use of space. That sounds nice, but leaves a lot of room for countries to do what they want. Right now, is there any code of conduct for Space Operations . James there is not an agreedupon code of conduct. Martin so its every country for himself . James pretty much. And now a cbs sports update presented by pfizer. At the classic of new orleans, justin rose shot a final round 66 no win by one. In the nba playoff, lebron james and the cavs completed their weep of the celtics, but kevin love left the game in the First Quarter with a shoulder injury. And the clippers defeated the spurs to even their series at two games apiece. For more sports news and information, go to cbssports. Com. This is jim nantz reporting from new orleans. S and joint damage of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Before you and your rheumatologist decide on a biologic ask if xeljanz is right for you. Xeljanz is a small pill, not an injection or infusion for adults with moderate to severe ra for whom methotrexate did not work well. Xeljanz can relieve ra symptoms and help stop further joint damage. Xeljanz can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. Serious, sometimes fatal infections and cancers have happened in patients taking xeljanz. Dont start xeljanz if you have any infection unless ok with your doctor. Tears in the stomach or intestines, low blood cell counts and higher liver tests and cholesterol levels have happened. Your doctor should perform blood tests before you start and while taking xeljanz and routinely check certain liver tests. Tell your doctor if you have been to a region where fungal infections are common, and if you have had tb hepatitis b or c, or are prone to infections. Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take. One pill, twice daily, xeljanz can reduce ra pain and help stop further joint damage even without methotrexate. Ask your rheumatologist about xeljanz. While the world needs saving. Prizes need winning, at subway. Grab a 30ounce drink or doritos snacks for a chance to win subs for life movie tickets, and more. And catch Marvels Avengers age of ultron, in theaters may 1st. Subway. Where super heroes eat. Whitaker now an update on our story about Cardinal Sean omalley, the archbishop of boston, a member of Pope Francis Council of cardinals and head of the churchs commission to combat child abuse. Norah odonnell asked the cardinal about Bishop Robert finn of kansas city st. Joseph missouri. A court found finn guilty of failing to report an abusive priest to law enforcement, but he remained in office. Odonnell bishop finn wouldnt be able to Teach Sunday School in boston. Sean omalley thats right. Odonnell how is that zero tolerance that hes still in place . What does it say to catholics . Omalley well, its. Its a question that the holy see needs to address urgently. Odonnell and theres a recognition . Omalley theres a recognition of that. Odonnell from pope francis . Omalley from pope francis mmhmm. Whitaker this past week, following a vatican investigation, pope francis accepted finns resignation. Im bill whitaker. Well be back next week with another edition of 60 minutes. Tomorrow, be sure to watch cbs this morning. Good. Very good. You see something moving off the shelves and your first thought is to investigate the company. You are type e. Yes, Investment Opportunities can be anywhere. Or not. But you know the difference. E trades bar code scanner. Shorten the distance between intuition and action. E trade opportunity is everywhere. Captioning funded by cbs and ford capt lily and miles. Carrots and broccoli how great is that . Brockys yucky, daddy. What . No, no, no. Brockys awesome. Where are the hot dogs . That is a great question, lily. Where is the. Oh . The hot dog . Oh how did you make that happen . Oh, no. What about you, miles . Is there something there . When did your ears get so hungry . laughing howd you do that . Come on. Hey. Right. Lily lets eat. Aiden lets eat. I think that is a great idea. kids talking over each other come on. Whos gonna say the blessing . I will okay lets go. Father, in the name of jesus we pray for this. Food. laughs amen. Amen. Amen. Aiden amen, lets eat