Possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Suarez president obama called today for what amounts to a National Awakening to stop gun deaths in america. He detailed an action plan, all the while acknowledging that the most farreaching measures face tough going in congress. We cant put this off any longer. Suarez with that, the president laid out his strategy, before an audience of congress members, cabinet advisors, and the families of those killed in the School Shootings in newtown, connecticut. In the month since 20 precious children and six brave adults were violently taken from us at sandy hook elementary, more than 900 of our fellow americans have reportedly died at the end of a gun 900 in the past month. And every day we wait, that number will keep growing. So im putting forward a specific set of proposals based on the work of joes task force. And in the days ahead i intend to use whatever weight this office holds to make them a reality. Suarez the president then offered the most farreaching proposals to curb gun violence since at least the clinton administration. They include 23 steps he can take on his own, through executive action. Among them, improving the system of background checks already in place for gun purchases. Providing funding to study gun violence, including the effects of violent video games and entertainment. Helping schools develop Emergency Response plans and hire resource officers, including police, if they want them. And clarifying that Mental Health providers are allowed to report patients who make violent threats. Joining the president on stage as he signed those executive orders were four children whod written to him, following the massacre at sandy hook elementary. But mr. Obama acknowledged that the most significant reforms will not come from his office. As important as these steps are, they are in no way a substitute for action from members of congress. To make a real and lasting difference, congress too must act, and Congress Must act soon. And im calling on congress to pass some very specific proposals right away. Suarez for one thing, the president is asking the senate to confirm todd jones as director of the bureau of alcohol, tobacco, firearms and explosives, where hes been interim director. The a. T. F. Has had no permanent head for six years. Other proposals include barring the sale of ammunition magazines with more than ten rounds and reinstating and strengthening a ban on military assaultstyle weapons. A majority of americans agree with us on this. And by the way, so did Ronald Reagan, one of the staunchest defenders of the Second Amendment, who wrote to congress in 1994 urging them this is Ronald Reagan speaking urging them to listen to the American Public and to the Law Enforcement community and support a ban on the further manufacture of militarystyle assault weapons. Suarez additionally, the obama plan calls for congress to order background checks for all gun sales, ending the socalled gun show loophole. And it seeks stiffer penalties for people who sell guns to criminals. All told, the plan would cost some 500 million. And president obama said, its going to take some heavy political lifting. This will be difficult. There will be pundits and politicians and politicians and special interest lobbyists publicly warning of a tyrannical allout assault on liberty, not because thats true but because they want to gin up fear or higher ratings or revenue for themselves. And behind the scenes theyll do everything they can to block any commonsense reform and make sure nothing changes whatsoever. Suarez even before the president spoke, david keene, head of the National Rifle association, dismissed the plan, in an interview with Judy Woodruff last night on the newshour. The problem that we have is that none of the things that they have suggested are going to do any good. Theyre asking the question, judy, what do we do about guns . The question should be, what do we do to prevent the kinds of things that happened in connecticut . And we dont think that theyre asking that question, but theyre pursuing their own agenda. Suarez today, the n. R. A. Said it will focus on securing schools, fixing the Mental Health system and fully prosecuting violent criminals. The group also struck sparks with the release of this web ad late tuesday. Are the president s kids more important than yours . Then why is he skeptical about putting Armed Security in our schools when his kids are protected by armed guards at their schools . Mr. Obama demands the wealthy pay their fair share of taxes, but hes just another elitist hypocrite when it comes to a fair share of security. Protection for their kids and gunfree zones for ours. Suarez today, a white house spokesman called the ad with its use of the obama children repugnant and cowardly. Brown coming up, well have reaction to the president s approach. Also ahead general Stanley Mcchrystal; the obama campaigns online push and a cyclists confession. But first, the other news of the day. Heres hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan president obama is losing another member from his firstterm cabinet. Interior secretary ken salazar announced today he will step down in march, after four years on the job. Salazar pushed for greater conservation and renewable energy. And, he oversaw a moratorium on offshore drilling after the b. P. Oil spill in 2010. Industry groups said the shutdown cost thousands of jobs, but salazar defended it today in his departure statement. Attackers in algeria stormed a b. P. Natural gas complex today and took dozens of foreigners hostage, including seven americans. At least two people were killed. One was british. The nationality of the other was unclear. We have a report from chris ship of independent television news. Reporter the gas facility in southern algeria which early this morning was attacked by a group, claiming to be islamist militants, and where tonight that group is holding several hostages a number thought to be british. Another briton who worked here is reported to have been killed. A Jihadist Group with links to al qaida in Northern Africa claims its holding 40 hostages. This man Mokhtar Belmoktar claimed yesterday days they were seeking retaliation for the French Military action in mali. A day later the algerian gas field was attacked. The gas field is at a site in southern alergia called in amenas. It is on the border with libya, but algeria also shares a border with mali. Across this area of north Africa Al Qaida inspired militants have been growing in numbers and growing in strength. Ultimately, across the entire north african reason, a lot of these islamists we see come from roughly the same group which is a fragmented and splintered group thats been reinforced as mostly after the fall of moammar qaddafi in libya and the flood of weapons that its released. Reporter the action in neighboring mali against islamist militants is led by the french, although u. K. Transport planes have helped to ferry supplies. Tonight the group claiming to have kidnapped the gas workers demanded an end to that operation in return for their safety. In washington, a spokeswoman at the state department confirmed that americans were involved, but she would not say more. I hope you will understand that in order to protect their safety, im not going to get into numbers. Im not going to get into names. Im not going to get into any further details as we continue to work on this issue with the algerian authorities and also with their employers. Defense secretary leon panetta said the u. S. Would take all necessary steps to deal with the attack and hostage taking. In syria, car bombers targeted the Northern City of idlib today. State media said at least 22 people died. The opposition said it was 24 most of them, government troops. The attacks came a day after two large explosions killed 87 people at the Main University in aleppo. Classes were suspended today. Iraq witnessed its own string of bombings that killed at least 33 people. The city of kirkuk suffered the worst attack when a car bomber blew himself up outside the offices of a Major Kurdish party. 21 people were killed in that bombing and another nearby, and nearly 200 were wounded. A u. S. Marine pleaded guilty today to urinating on the remains of dead taliban fighters in afghanistan. Staff Sergeant Edward deptola submitted his plea at camp lejeune, north carolina. Images of the incident surfaced last year, sparking an international furor and outrage in afghanistan. Another marine pleaded guilty to similar charges last month. Three others were given administrative punishment. The two Biggest Airlines in japan grounded all of their brand new boeing 787 dreamliners today. The move came after one of the planes had to make an Emergency Landing in western japan. The crew reported a burning smell, and a cockpit message showed battery problems. It was the latest in a series of incidents involving the 787s. As a result, all Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines voluntarily grounded the jets for safety checks. Boeings troubles rippled down wall street. The aircraft makers stock sank 3 , and that dragged the Dow Jones Industrial average down 23 points to close at 13,511. The nasdaq rose six points to close at 3,117. Also today, two more big banks agreed to settle federal complaints that they abused the home foreclosure process. Goldman sachs and Morgan Stanley will pay a combined 557 million. More than 8,000 School Bus Drivers in new york city are now on strike. They walked out early today, in a dispute over job security. The strike forced 150,000 students, many of them disabled to find alternative transportation. Most of new york citys million plus students take Public Transit or walk to school. Those are some of the days major stories. Now, back to jeff. Brown and we return to the president s proposal today on gun control, Mental Health and school safety. We get four perspectives on the ideas, the realities of implementation and the difficulties of passing new legislation. Josh horwitz is the executive director of the coalition to stop gun violence. David kopel is an adjunct professor of constitutional law at the university of denver and a gunrights advocate with the libertarianleaning independence institute. Dr. Liza gold is a clinical professor of psychiatry at Georgetown University and Vice President of the American Academy of psychiatry and the law. And norm ornstein is a Longtime Congress watcher and a scholar at the American Enterprise institute. Welcome to all of you. I want to start with you, Josh Horowitz. Whats the most important aspect of what you heard the president say . Well, first of all, i think its great that were having this conversation today and this day is a long time coming. And what i heard at the white house today was very exciting which is that the president wants to have ask congress to have background checks on all gun sales. Right now, as you know, only about 60 of the gun sales in america have background checks. We believe theres no reason for criminals to be able to avoid the background check system an we welcome this proposal. Reporter so the background checks is what jumped out as important to you . A lot of great things happened today. There was four top agenda items including assault weapons ban, high capacity magazine ban and antitrafficking law. Those things are incredibly important and we dont have those. The assault weapons ban expired in 2004. These are important pieces of an overall comprehensive program. Brown david kopel, what did you hear . What seemed most important in what the president said today . Well, i think we had two positive things one is he said hes going to work to i guess change the regulations or do something to facilitate it so gun stores if people who are not customers of the gun store but one guy is selling a gun to another and they want to come in and voluntarily go through the National Instacheck System hes going to help the gun store facilitate that. And really in terms of expanding background checks to private sales, thats as far as you can go in a practical sense. Criminals who are selling guns to each other, its already illegal for them to do that. And theyre not going to suddenly come in and start bringing their guns into gun stores for checks. But for the person whos selling a gun to someone he knows may be reasonably well but not absolutely its a good thing to have that option. Second, the president offered at least a start of all the things he said today there was only one that would have made any practical difference and could have stopped all those murders at newtown and that was armed guards in the schools. What his proposal which is doesnt have too much funding in it but at least its a beginning is offer federal grants to some schools where they can hire another counselor if they want to or a School Resource officer, basically a Police Officer who guards that school. We know that these attacks on schools and typically when a lawabiding person with a firearm shows up and the attacker crumbles and kills himself. So the soonier that happened it is better and if we can have more police protecting our schools from what is almost inevitably the copy cat crimes that this very intense Media Coverage seems to inspire, thats a great start. Brown im assuming you didnt like many of the legislative proposals . The ban . The assault weapon ban, for example . Well, the department of justice conducted a study of the effectiveness of that ban published in 2004 after it had been in effect for mine years and concluded it had done absolutely no good. No lives were saved. There werent fewer shots fired in shootouts with Police Officers or anything else. So it was its a proven failure. Connecticuts had a ban on socalled assault weapons in effect since 1993. Obviously that didnt do any good at newtown. The problem is the bans dont have anything to do with how fast the guns fire or how powerful their bullets are, its all based on these superficial things like whether the gun has a folding stock, whether theres a grip on it, whether the grip is in the right place or the wrong place. And thats really a trivial thing for us to be talking about when we should be talking about how to keep guns out of the wrong hands and make sure that there are guns in the right hands. Pelley you know what . Before i go to the Mental Health let me come back to Josh Horowitz on that issue. Well, look, i think the assault weapons were talking about are short barreled rifles that take detachable magazines and have pistol groups. That allows you to keep the barrel on the target for a long period of time. Theres no muzzle creep in those weapons, you have magazines up to 100 rounds. Theres no use for those things. And a bunch of scholars got together last monday and tuesday at Johns Hopkins at a symposium and looked at different issues, they looked at the evidence and they recommended banning assault weapons and high capacity magazines. Brown i want to bring in dr. Lori gold. From a Mental Health perspective, what did you hear good and bad that advances this . Well, i think taking advantage of this opportunity to increase resources for Mental Health, resources in training for Mental Health to get regulations on board that create party in Mental Health insurance, to talk about guns in terms of people who are dangerous as opposed to gun and the mentally ill. I think its been a big disservice to people who struggle with Mental Illness that these two subjects have been linked because the majority of gun violence in this country has nothing to do with Mental Illness and most people who are mentally ill are not violent. So to take it out of that context and put it back into a context of people who might be dangerous, a small section of those people, may have Mental Illness. But the increased training, awareness, focus on getting people identified and getting them referred to treatment is a good thing and long overdue and should be broadened, actually, from what was proposed today. Brown and limits and complexities are hard to implement, right . A lot of questions going on . Theyre right. Because we dont a comprehensive Mental Health system in this country. Its almost a fallacy to call it a system. Its fragmented. Treatment is difficult to access. Often unaffordable. This is an opportunity in terms of complexity to actually move forward by addressing how do we go get a comprehensive Mental Health service . Brown norm, youve watched this before in a way, right . So put in the some larger context here of the of gun control politics. Well, one thing to say, jeff, is that six months ago or a year ago if we had been having this conversation we would have said theres no chance of doing anything here. Congress has been completely intimidated by the n. R. A. At and the lesson they drew from the assault weapons ban even though theres evidence that it wasnt quite the case is that it was devastating to democrats who voted for it in 1994. President clinton says the same thing. The connecticut tragedy, the horrific tragedy, changed the context and Public Opinion on a dime and now were moving into a completely different environment. Its not an environment so different that all of these things are going to happen. And an assault weapons ban is sill a heavy lift. Remember, the assault weapons ban we had had a lot of loopholes in it. But the other elements, its just a different world. And i think National Rifle association is no longer supreme in the same way and many of their own members i think are going to start to feel differently. When you get a joe manchin of West Virginia coming out and saying i hunt, i dont need more than three bullets in a magazine and you get other longstanding strong proponents of the Second Amendment saying its time for some changes, were moving into a different world. Brown david kopel, do you think the politics have changed here or do you expect well, there certainly will be challenges legislatively. Will there also be challenges legally . There will certainly be legal challenges because one important thing the way things have changechanged is we now have the Supreme Court having affirmed that the Second Amendment is an individual right and the core of that individual right is selfdefense. So joe manchin is welcome to his opinion which hes stated to people from his own state just a few days ago that he thinks the only reason people should have guns is for sports. But thats not what the Second Amendment says. The Second Amendment says that selfdefense is the core of the Second Amendment. So when you talk about taking away things because maybe theyre not used very often in deer hunting but theyre critical to the Second Amendment, thats a real problem. For example the typical handgun that a person owns today, whether for for protection in the home or for carrying, is the same kind of gun that Police Officers carry, that theyre the best for selfdefense and that is very frequent lay semiautomatic handgun with a magazine between 11 and 19 round. Because the fact is lots of criminals dont go down and fall down after being shot once or twice, sometimes theyre on methamphetamine or cocaine and they keep on going or other times a lone individual can be attacked by a gang. So the same reason that the police correctly choose these as the best for their job of defending themselves and others, ordinary citizens do the same. And maybe joe manchin doesnt care about that, but i think the majority of the American Public does. Brown let me ask Josh Horowitz to respond to that . Where do you see the politics of this now . I think politics have drastically changed in this. Its interesting, i think theres an equation thats change and you have now the n. R. A. s pac which was found to be one of the leasteffective in this cycle. You have people like tim kaine easily winning elections in the state like virginia taking on the n. R. A. And you have Michael Bloomberg spending money on this and defeating arated n. R. A. Candidates. So the whole calculus has changed. It used to be the n. R. A. Was the one game in town on the money front and the pac front. Thats changed. So theres a real cost now for standing with the n. R. A. And i that is as you would say a game changer in that regard. Brown dr. Gold, how does it change your world . The evolving politics here and events like newtown . Well, its you know, from my perspective and im not a gun expert, obviously but from my perspective its really unfortunate that it takes these kinds of events to move forward with our country to make a stronger commitment to providing for Mental Health care needs of our citizens. It shouldnt have to take Something Like this for something to become a social priority. Brown but now that its here, as you were saying before, theres still going to be many, many questions about how you implement it. Last night we talked about new york state and various states taking some proposal. Theres going to be confidentiality issues. Theres a long way to go on this, right . There is a long way to go and the American Psychiatric association which had a place at the table with dr. Paul appelbaum at Vice President bidens commission will continue to be very involved in this. They issued a Statement Today applauding president obamas proposals. I think its a first step. There is a long way to go. And i think that if we can conceptualize it as trying to find an integrated, comprehensive system of Mental HealthCare Services delivery we will be moving in the right direction. Brown let me ask you norm, finely and briefly, how important is the president s real involvement in this . And especially visavis other things on his plate to spend capital on. We have a heavy agenda. I think hes going to go to the public and that will be very important but theres an important thing to keep in mind. For all these political changes, jeff, the house has not changed very much. And i think were going to see a senate quite receptive to many of these things, maybe not the assault weapons ban. The house is a much heavier lift and House Republicans are the real obstacle to getting many of these things through. How much the president can affect that im more skeptical. Brown norm ornstein, dr. Liza gold, david kopel and Josh Horowitz, thank you all very much. Thank you. Brown we have more on the debate on gun control online, including an opportunity for you to weigh in with your views on the new proposal. Also, find a link to a pro publica report. The interactive graphic lets you see where each member of Congress Stands on gun rights, an assault weapons ban and more. Suarez now, a conversation with a four star general who earned his reputation in iraq, led the surge in afghanistan and resigned at the height of his military service. Margaret warner has more. Warner it was june of 2009 when army general Stanley Mcchrystal reached what turned out to be the pinnacle of his career command of u. S. And Coalition Forces in afghanistan. We must rededicate ourselves to the Afghan People and help them build a government and a future for their country that they can be proud of. Warner mcchrystal had already made his mark as leader of the u. S. Joint special operations command, which targeted, captured and killed hundreds thousands of suspected terrorists in iraq. And, he oversaw the hunt for abu masab alzarqawi, the leader of al qaeda in iraq who eventually died in a 2006 air strike. In afghanistan, mcchrystal was in charge of a broader strategy of counterinsurgency, using military and civilian means to try to reverse the talibans momentum. A major test came with an offensive to retake and hold marjah, in helmand province, in early 2010. Militarily, it looked like a success. But by may, he faced questions about how well it was going when it came to helping establish a competent, honest local government. Does that now seem a little overly optimistic . No, it seems to me that its a process. I think not even we are now at about 90 days. I expect it will take many months into the future before it becomes durable and permanent. Warner from the early days in 2009, the general had run into resistance over how many u. S. Troops should be committed to the afghan war. There were 56,000 when he arrived, and he urged another 40,000 be sent. But in december, president obama announced a lower number in a speech at west point introducing the surge. I have determined that it is in our Vital National interest to send an additional 30,000 u. S. Troops to afghanistan. Warner within months, the friction over troop numbers and war strategy surfaced in a profile of mcchrystal in Rolling Stone magazine, titled the runaway general. Mcchrystal and his aides were quoted making mocking comments about members of the Obama White House and that triggered a firestorm. On june 23, 2010, president obama accepted mcchrystals resignation. As difficult as it is to lose general mcchrystal, i believe that it is the right decision for our national security. The conduct represented in the warner after his retirement as a fourstar general mcchrystal. Cofounded a Leadership Consulting group and took up teaching at yale university. Last week, the war that he once led was back on the front page. On friday, president obama and afghanistans President Hamid karzai announced Afghan Forces will take the security lead this spring, earlier than expected. All coalition combat forces are slated to leave afghanistan in 2014. Its still unclear how many u. S. Troops will stay behind to conduct counterterrorism and train the afghans. This month, general mcchrystal has published his memoir, my share of the task. I spoke to him this afternoon. Warner general mcchrystal, thank you for coming in. Thanks for having me. Warner as we just reported, president s obama and karzai said Afghan Forces will take control this spring. Do you think theyre ready . Well, i think you need to look at a wider set of parameters. It was said that wars are an extension of politics and a friend of mine added that to politics we must return. When we look at our relationship with afghanistan and afghanistans situation its part a continuum of which this is going to be a very short period. Weve got to consider what afghanistan means to americas geostrategic interest long term. I think theres several physicianassistefacetsto. That one is clearly stability in the region, which is very, very important. Thats how cold got there before but also how they got wider issues as well. Warner so if we look at a place like marjah which you write in this book was a litmus test of the afghanistan strategy there have been stories out of marjah that, yes, its a lot more peaceful, a lot more secure but as u. S. Forces are drawing down and the taliban is creeping back and the local government really hasnt delivered, is it still a work in progress . Is that how we should look at it . Or could these the gains of the surge be reversed . Well, i think all governments are a work in progress and many governments struggle. Afghanistans government is clearly a work in progress in that it has a difficult time introducing effective local governance in a place like marjah. Anywhere in the helmand river valley, which was controlled by the taliban for quite a long time and still has the specter of potential taliban control, the people are in a very difficult position. If they lean too much toward their government and their government cannot defend them then they are in a position of being, of course, endangered in the taliban were to return. So its very, very difficult. As you say, theres been tremendous progress on the ground there. Now it has to continue. Warner so it is risky, do you think i mean, again the book you write that you talk about a video teleconference you were having with the white house in 2009 and you wrote on a board or something the mission and it was defeat the taliban, secure the population. Do you think its risky for the u. S. To be drawing down in earnest when those two things havent fully been achieved . I dont think that youre going to achieve the kind of very clean victory like we like to think world war ii was. We like to think that now in retrospect as having been a clean military campaign but, in fact, we did counterinsurgency in western europe for years afterward and we just called it the marshall plan. I think whats most important for afghanistan now is their confidence. The Afghan People are terrified. Theyre scared that they are going to have their allies leave. That their government is weak and that theres a chance they will slide back into not just taliban control but potentially civil war. And so i think the most important thing we can do is president obamas Strategic Partnership that he offered president karzai and the Afghan People, i think thats important for their confidence. Warner so lets go now to what you did in iraq because theres many sort of military writers and analysts who say thats your most enduring leg swreu you transform the way socalled special operations look. What had to change . Almost everything. We had started that effort as the best counterterrorist forces in the world. I. E. , we could do a precise raid on a given location if we had the intelligence and we had the right timing. Probably better than anyone had ever done it. But it wasnt enough for what we faced. We faced a growing network of enemy. They were al qaeda foreign fighters that were leveraging local sunnis to create this effective al qaeda in iraq network and we had to dismantle it. To do that, instead of being this spearfishing element we had to become a network of our own and we had to go from, for example, when i first took over id go to a location and there would be somebody captured and they would get bags of material, maybe a computer, phones, documents, that sort of thing. And it would come back to our headquarters in a bag, like a plastic garbage bag a tag on it and when i went in and found and area and i outlined this in our book in our headquarters where they were piled up and nobody was reading them because we didnt have the manpower and the expertise. We went from that to an entity where on the target we would be able to do initial what we call exploitation, digestion of the information on the target, pump it back to the force and pump it across our Network Within minutes and additional targets would be struck based on information we got there. So sometimes we would turn that cycle three times in a single night whereas before we might turn it one time in three weeks. Woodruff and you had all everyone working together, the military, the c. I. A. , the n. S. A. With signals intelligence. Even the interrogators. I dont know if youve seen this movie zero dark thirty but its renewed the controversy over whether torture, enhanced interrogation techniques works. What was your experience as a consumer of that intelligence . Did useful tips come from captives whove been question under that method . The information that came from detainees, which is a component of human intelligence, was critical to us. But it wasnt gained through mistreatment. The best information always comes from building a relationship with the detainee. As i outline in my book in an almost minutebyminute account of how we went after abu musab alzarqawi, the key detainee we had for weeks and he developed such a close relationship with his interrogators that once one of the interrogators took him to baghdad for a couple of days they stayed in a room together, no shackles, no anything, they ate together, they lived together because what youre really trying to do is get the individual to feel like he wants to participate. Warner but are you saying that on the other and you write about that, that, again, these interrogators and detainees formed a relationship. But was there useful intelligence from torture . There are plenty of people who say actually its never useful because its under coercion. I dont know. Whether my force benefited from intelligence that was derived from that im not sure, nobody said this intelligence. We did get Intelligence Community information that was very useful but im not sure which came. I do know that over time thats a very dangerous policy for a nation to follow because my personal opinion and i outline this in detail in the book it corrodes the force. It corrodes the torturer more than i think the victim. Warner finally i just have to end on the postscript to your military career which was the Rolling Stone article. You teach leadership now and im wondering what not just what your regrets were about that but how you went on. Youd spent a lifetime in the military, youre the son of a general. How did you do it . I had been a soldier for more than 34 years and been as transparent as i could that last year with the media because i thought the mothers and fathers of america who give their sons and daughters deserve that. Sometimes things come out in the media that you dont think are particularly accurate or you dont think are particularly fair depictions. It happens. In that particular case i had the opportunity to make a decision. And the decision was to try to contest that at the time, but i thought that that would produce a very difficult dynamic at an important point in the war and it would put my commander in chief in a position that would be hard for him to deal with in the middle of the fight so i made the decision to offer my resignation, to accept responsibility. Because the simple elegance of all this is when you here in command you accept responsibility. Whether its fair or whether its something that you want to do or not. I feel very good about that decision because how i conduct myself after that controversy raised i think is a lens that people will look at me, they can make a judgment on whether they think that was an accurate depiction by what they see me dough, how they see me act and im comfortable with that. I think its important when i teach leadership at yale or when i write in my memoirs i dont slide down into having the a tellall or a something that would just give salacious details. I dont think thats important history. What i try to capture in my memoirs is what really matters. What the leaders were really doing. The big trend and im very comfortable that thats what we did. Warner well, general Stanley Mcchrystal, thanks, its a great read. Thank you. Brown next, we wrap up our regular look at the impact of social media on Election Year politics. As we approach the inauguration of president obama, our daily Download TeamLauren Ashburn and howard kurtz, talk to the man who designed the winning sides digital strategy. Joining us is harper reed, a high tech executive who served as chief Technology Officer for president obamas reelection campaign. Welcome, harper. Hello. Hello. We spent a year talking about the role of social media in the campaign. How important were twitter, facebook, and eupbs gram to e campaign . Well, it was its interesting to look at 2008 versus 2012. Because in 2008 things were just starting pelley . They were new toys. People werent using them. I like to say like my mom wasnt using them, you know . As more people use these, as more people america starts using these theyre incredibly important, as you can imagine. And are they important because when you get friends or followers on facebook or twitter or tumble r, amplifying the campaigns message, is that better than hearing it from a politician . I think its more genuine. If i share with you and youre friends on facebook you listen to what im saying a little bit more than someone whos far aware shares to you. We see that i think its the same thing as it always has been, which is its much easier for me to hand you a pamphlet or much easier for me to send you a postcard than for a giant organization. Now were just able to have it be like reshared or retweeted or followed. At the speed of light, of course. Yes, very quickly. Can that kind of online communication work once the dramatic narrative of the campaign is over . Can you use it to build interest around other things . Like the inauguration coming up . I think so. I think i think its happening. Were seeing a lot of people talking about this. Were seeing a lot of graphics shared. I know there were some cool fiscal cliffs graphicked that were shared as well as info graphics about all sorts of things. You can say cool and fiscal cliff together in the same sentence. This may be the first time. But when you talk about infographics, they are compelling. But the fiscal cliff, for example, is complicated whereas a president ial campaign is a buy their choice. Either mitt romney or barack obama was going to win that election and perhaps that makes it easier to reach out through social media . I have to say that i dont think i can answer any questions on the fiscal cliff. We wont ask any. Its definitely easier when you have such a buy their choice. Well see Many Organizations following that when its such a buy their choice. Its very easy to say here are the reasons why, heres ten points why not. One professor said that the amount of Political Data that the campaigns collect is creepy. Do you agree with that . Thats a technical term . That is a technical term. You know, i dont necessarily know if its creepy. One of the things that i thought was really exciting about the campaign is a lot of the data that was gathered was given to us by the users or by the vol ears so its selfreported. An example is when you go to log into barackobama. Com, lets say youre going to contribute or volunteer, you click log in with facebook. And we say do you mind if we get this data . And you say yes. So then were getting the data that you give us. But then you know so much about the people, who they like, who theyre friends with, you can serve up ads targeted to them and that starts to feel uncomfortable with the consumer. I think it can. The example i like to use is when we basically built what amounted to an add tech company but instead of targeting ads on the internet of course we did that we maximize the targeting thats physical to make sure when you go knock on a door youre knocking on the right door. So that i ed i dont think thats creepy, were not wasting anyones time. An online petition from star wars fans to the white house to build a death star brought a very tongue in cheek response from the white house which said the administration does not support blowing up planets. I think thats fair. I was pro both the petition and the response. But what that brings is up that the role of humor. The role of humor on social media and that you can use humor in a way that you cant when youre talking to a reporter. You know, i think thats i dont know how to answer that and i dont know if i have an answer but its too bad that you cant use that in talking to a reporter because the humor that was done on the barack obama campaigns tumbler and all of those things, i loved it. But it could be off message. You go through these intense campaign, youve got thousands of emails then you unplugged no internet for a week. What did youern from that experience, harper . I set out i realized i was addicted to email. I think we all tra v that. I was at dinner with my wife and i was like just a second. What are you talking about . I dont know what you mean so i realized that we went from getting thousands of emails to suddenly like ten and it was a little bit i think theres a lot of ego in technology and so its a little bit like i was like arent i important . What happened . What happened . So you decided to opt out . I wanted to just put a distance between that part of my life and what was coming up next because i figured its going to ramp up again but i wanted to have this tiny bit of time where i could just read. Tell our viewers what was the best thing you read when you unplugged . I read this book called stalingrad, 1941 to 1943. As you can imagine it was not really a very happy story but it was an amazing story to read about just the strife and how long it lasted. It was not, ill say, relaxing. Not like reading a twitter post with 140 characters. But i dont have any opportunity to read a thousand page book. And you probably wont again. No, no. I hope. Pelley thank you for joining us, harper reed. Thank you. Brown in two weeks, lauren and howie will begin a new series of conversations about information, trends and important voices in social media and technology, involving not just politics but the culture we live in. Suarez finally tonight, why Lance Armstrong may be coming clean about not riding totally clean during his rise to the top of his sport. Lance armstrongs interview with Oprah Winfrey wont begin airing until tomorrow night, but reports that hes admitted to doping have already triggered strong reactions. Its a long time coming. Suarez Frankie Andreu was once close to armstrong, as a team captain of the u. S. Postal service cycling team from 1998 to 2000. But andreu was ostracized after he and his fiancee nowwife betsy, testified in 2005 that armstrong acknowledged using performanceenhancing drugs. For my wife and i, weve been attacked and ripped apart by lance and all of his people and all his supporters, repeatedly, for a long time. I just wish they wouldnt have been so blind and opened up their eyes earlier to all the signs that indicated there was deception there, so that we wouldnt have had to suffer as much. And its not only us, i mean hes ruined a lot of peoples lives. Suarez regulators from the official bodies that Police Cycling are also speaking out. The head of the World Anti Doping Agency david howman has demanded armstrong make his confession under oath. He told the associated press, hes got to follow a certain course. That is not talking to a talk show host. Armstrong vehemently denied doping for more than a decade, insisting hed been tested hundreds of times and never failed a test. Now, the International Cycling union has commissioned an investigation into claims that positive test samples were hidden in exchange for money. For its part, the u. S. Anti doping agency has already banned armstrong for life, and its pressing him to name others involved in the longrunning doping scheme on the Postal Service team. Meanwhile, armstrong was out of sight today, said to be on his way to hawaii. More now on the armstrong story and why he may have changed his mind about his admission to Oprah Winfrey and potentially others. It comes from two writers who have long followed his career. Juliet macur has been covering this for the new york times. And daniel coyle, coauthor of the secret race the hidden world of tour de france. Juliet macur, why do you think Lance Armstrong is talking in this way to Oprah Winfrey and talking now when just a few months ago when the report came out he denounced it . Yeah, its pretty its a pretty dramatic turn after so many years. Really its been almost 15 years of these vehement denials that hes never doped, that hes sued people that claimed he had doped and he won those lawsuits and hes threatened people who said he has doped and finally hes going to come out and say he did it only because he wants to compete again. Right now hes been banned from all olympic sports for life and the only way he could get back into competition is to tell the truth and say he was doping and to help the u. S. Antidoping agency build cases against other people and in doing that he could possibly return to competition as soon as eight years. Suarez daniel coyle, are there a lot of thing Lance Armstrong knows but hasnt said that could still get a lot of other people into trouble . Sponsors, business partners, people who were involved in one way or another with his years on the postal team . Nobody knows more than lance. He was the kingpin. He was the tony soprano of this world for a long time. So he does stand to contribute a lot to the investigation if he will. Thats the question. How much. How much will he hedge . How much he will admit . How much will he share freely . The biggest signal hes sending now is that hes taking his story not to the authorities, not to the governing body but to oprah. Suarez but by taking it to oprah it is, obviously, extrajudicial in the most extreme way. But does it pique the interest of agencies, other bodies, that can now have an opening to ask him once again about things hes talked about for years but denied . I think thats true. But in the larger sense, this is part of a pattern that we saw in the book that we wrote about Lance Armstrong and about this secret race. He gets into a tight spot and he makes an instinctive attack. Hes been fueled by anger, by defiance, far long time. And this is his attempt to sort of show the world that hes still strong. Its not really about disclosure for him. Its about this old instinct that has fueled his rise and is now fueling his fall. Brown juliet, for years Lance Armstrong clung to this most tested athletes in sports, never failed a test identity and used that as kind of a shield. But now this tempo of stories saying no, in fact, he did fail tests and may have had a role in suppressing those test results is leading up to the doors of the u. C. I. , the interNational Governing body. Are they in trouble . They might be in trouble. If i were them right now i would not be getting any sleep, id be sitting on the edge of my chair pretty nervous. There have been claims that lance bribed the u. C. I. , the International Cycling union, to hide some of his positive tests we feel dont know thats true but his claim of passing 500 to 600 tests is totally not true. For one, hes never take than many tests, hes kind of inflated that number of the years. But the International Cycling union may be in trouble. Perhaps u. S. A. Cycling, which is the National Governing body, they might be in trouble. Like dan says, we have no idea what lance will say but we know that he has said that he knows where all the bodies are buried. Suarez so, juliet, is this biggest than Lance Armstrong now . No longer even solely about him anymore . A lot of writers said it was never about lance to begin with, that he was just well, he was the kingpin of his own little doping program but cycling has really been rife with doping for many, many years, especially in the 90s. This could be a huge opening to cleaning up the sport of cycling if lance comes out and tells everybody where he got the drugs, who helped him hide his drug positive drug tests and all those things, the sport could actually turn over a new leaf but he has to come clean first to the officials. Suarez so daniel coyle, what else could happen . What will you be watching for when the oprah show goes out . Ill be most curious about seeing contrition. An apology is something that involves genuine feeling, authenticity, its a process. Well see if hes taking steps on that process. Im most curious about what he says to the people who he ruthlessly went after for years for telling the truth. Im curious to hear what he says to them. Suarez because in fact he ended careers, got people blackballed in this little world of toplevel professional cycling. It got pretty rough at times, didnt it . He was ruthless. He approached life the same way he approached a bike race which was to do everything in his power to win. As frank andreu said in the lead in quote, he destroyed a lot of lives. He tried to end peoples careers. He told people i will end your career. I have a lot of money, i have a lot of time and i will destroy you. Thats a quote he gave to an italian writer. Thats the way he operated. Well see if this is turning over a new leaf, if this is more of a calculation, how much of this is apology and how much of this is strategy. Suarez juliet macur, along with any possible apology, will there be lawyers sitting with fullsized legal pads waiting for every word to see if this opens up new cases . Is there money to be clawed back . Assurances he made to sponsors and to International Entities that could be shown to be false now and put him either the danger of fraud, breach of contract, other kinds of violations. I think there certainly will be a lot of his lawyers looking at what he says well, they already know what he says because he tapes it a few days ago but i think his bankers will be opening up the key to his safe. Theyll be owing a lot of money to many people once he comes clean. Hes been named in several civil lawsuits, including a federal whistleblower lawsuit here in washington which could mean he has to repay tens of millions of dollars back to the u. S. Postal service team. The u. S. Postal service, which sponsored his team, n the late 90s to early 2000s. Suarez ill ask quickly both of you before we go. Where does this leave both Lance Armstrong and the sport of psyching that he did so much to raise the profile of worldwide. Daniel . Lance armstrongs in unchartedder the tire. This is a place hes never been. Hes faced some hard things, be but this is completely different. Its the start of a new and unknown chapter and a lot will depend on what happens tomorrow. As far as the sport of cycling, its improved a lot since those days. These are events a few years old. In some ways it is an object lesson for the larger american sports. What psychling is going through, youd have to be naive to think the same problem doesnt exist in other win at all costs cultures like the n. F. L. Suarez quickly, yule yet . Lance right now is trying to save himself, trying to save his foundation, trying to win the hearts back of americans and trying to get back into the Athletic Competition again. But what he has to do is take the big leap and to help bring down some of the bigger people in the sport who have been helping riders dope and hiding positive drug tests and taking bribes for probably dozens of years now. So he has to take the leap and he could do a Great Service to psych tplg hes honest. Suarez juliet macur and daniel coyle, thank you both. Youre welcome. Thank you. Brown again, the major developments of the day president obama unveiled the most ambitious effort to stem gun violence in at least two decades. Attackers linked to alqaeda stormed a natural gas complex in algeria and took at least 40 hostages, including seven americans. And the f. A. A. Grounded boeing 787 dreamliner in the u. S. Pending safety checks on its lithium batteries. Two major Japanese Airlines also grounded their dreamliners. Online, as president obama prepares to address the nation at his second inauguration monday, we take a lighthearted look back at how president s have affected the language we all use. Hari sreenivasan has the details. Sreenivasan its a long, colorful history. From Thomas Jeffersons coining of the term belittle to george w. Bushs creative terminology. Thats the subject of a new book by paul dickson. And on our science page, see how hip hop and the pillsbury doughboy helped a group of fifth graders learn math. How do we work on making Social Security solvent . Economist Jared Bernstein offers a menu of choices on making sense. All that and more is on our website newshour. Pbs. Org. Ray . Suarez and thats the newshour for tonight. On thursday, well update the kidnapping of americans and other foreigners in algeria. Im ray suarez. Brown and im jeffrey brown. Well see you online and again here tomorrow evening. Thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. Support also comes from Carnegie Corporation of new york, a foundation created to do what Andrew Carnegie called real and permanent good. Celebrating 100 years of philanthropy at carnegie. Org. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org captioning sponsored by wpbt this is n. B. R. Susie good evening everyone. Im susie gharib. Blockbuster earnings from j. P. Morgan, and Goldman Sachs. But will they be able to keep up the pace . Tom im tom hudson. The growing concern over americas ability to pay its i. O. U. S is turning into a debate over the definition of a debt default. Why washingtons wrangling could hurt the u. S. Economy. Susie and from chipotle to dunkin donuts, did fast food chains meet investors appetites for big returns . Were talking food stocks. Tom that and more tonight on n. B. R. tom we begin with banking. Two giant financial powerhouses reported big gains in Fourth Quarter earnings today. J. P. Morgan chase booked its Third Straight year of record profits. And Goldman Sachs reported Fourth Quarter earnings that were almost triple the same period a week ago. Erika miller reports. Reporter before we get to jp morgans profits, lets talk