Transcripts For KQED PBS NewsHour 20160504

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Sreenivasan the republican president ial race is effectively over, as of tonight, and the partys new leader is looking ahead. At the same time, detractors now face a decision how to reconcile with the new reality. John yang has our report. Reporter on his first day as the apparent republican nominee, donald trump said hes confident the party would fall in behind him but that some were welcome to leave. I dont think its imperative that the entire party come together. I dont want everybody. I dont even want certain people that were extraordinarily nasty. Let them go their own way. Reporter trump, who rails against politics as usual, said hes looking for a running mate with a political background to help him navigate washington. He spoke again, late today, on cnn. It took just a little more than 300 days for the outsider to demolish a field of 16 rivals, including current and former officeholders with more than a century of combined government experience. Late today the last opponent standing, Ohio Governor john kasich, made it official as i suspend my campaign today, i have renewed faith, deeper faith that the lord will show me the way forward and fulfill the purpose of my life. Reporter ted cruz quit last night after trump routed him in the indiana primary we gave it everything weve got but the voters chose another path. Reporter Party Chairman Reince Priebus said its time for the party to get behind trump and start working toward the november election. Weve got to unify, we need time to unify. And and we will unify. But this is what today starts, which is this unification process. Reporter but a parade of prominent republicans are heading for the exits. Their Voter Registration cards. Freshman senator freshman senator ben sasse of nebraska said he could never vote for trump, tweeting last night reporters keep asking if indiana changes anything for me. The answer is simple no. And onetime trump rival senator Lindsey Graham tweeted if we nominate trump we will get destroyed. And we will deserve it. Despite losing indiana, democratic frontrunner Hilary Clinton now claims 93 of the delegates needed to clinch her partys nomination. But Bernie Sanders made clear last night hes not going anywhere. I understand that secretary clinton thinks that this campaign is over. Ive got some bad news for her. applause reporter clinton, meanwhile, turned her attention to trump, as she did today on cnn ive seen the presidency up close from two different perspectives, and i think i know what it takes. And i dont think we can take a risk on a loose cannon like donald trump running our country. Reporter already launching a general Election Campaign, as she still works to secure her own nomination. ni for the pbs newshour, im john yang. Sreenivasan well explore the new lay of the land on both sides of the president ial race, after the news summary. Woodruff in the days other news, a wildfire burned its way into canadas main Oil Sands City and forced almost 90,000 people to flee. Everyone was ordered out of fort mcmurray, alberta, in the provinces largest evacuation ever. The fire has raged across tinderdry woodlands since sunday, and consumed entire suburbs. Many people headed south, others sheltered in nearby camps, and some criticized the way it was handled. Well, its a disaster, and i find that it is not fair, they didnt even let us take our things when we asked them, so we have lost everything now. Woodruff Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said today the countrys military stands ready to help if needed. Sreenivasan from fire to water. President obama made a long awaited visit to flint, michigan today, where the Drinking Water has been contaminated with lead. William brangham has the story. Brangham the president was greeted by gray skies and a line of michigan officials including republican Governor Rick Snyder and flint mayor karen weaver. He urged parents in flint to have their kids tested for lead exposure and to use filters on their tap water. Then, he took a drink himself. Generally, i have not been doing stunts here, but. And this used a filter, the water is flint water that was filtered. Brangham this visit was prompted in part by a letter from mari copeny, an eightyear old girl in flint. I am one of the children that is affected by this water, and ive been doing my best to march in protest and to speak out for all the kids that live here in flint. Brangham known as little miss flint, she and other residents had the chance to meet with the president today. You should be angry, but channel that i thinker. You should be hurt but dont sink into despair. And most of all, do not somehow communicate to our children here in this city that theyre going to be saddled with problems for the rest of their lives, because they will not. Theyll do just fine. Brangham all of this comes two years after the citys water source was switched to the flint river, to save money. After months of complaints of tainted water, officials acknowledged the river water wasnt treated properly and had leached lead from old pipes into peoples water supply. The city has stopped using the river, and lead levels are gradually falling as the lead pipes build up a protective coating again. But questions persist about who knew what and when about the lead contamination. Julie mack is a reporter at michiganlive, a state newspaper consortium. She was part of an Investigative Team looking into emails and documents from Governor Snyder and his inner circle. There was something obviously seriously wrong with the water. People are coming to showing off jugs of brown water for a year. You know, 17 months before they did anything. And that remains a puzzle of why did it take so long for there to be action . booing good afternoon. Brangham snyder himself was heckled and booed today at his speech in flint, and he apologized again, saying, your government failed you. Looking ahead, the mayor of flint estimates itll cost 55 million to remove and replace flints old lead pipes. The Michigan Legislature has approved 67 million since october, but so far, its been slow to reach residents. A congressional package of 100 million for the water system, and 50 million for Health Care Needs associated with lead poisoning, is still awaiting action. For the pbs newshour, im William Brangham. Woodruff the u. S. Justice department warned North Carolina today not to enforce a new l. G. B. T. Law. The statute limits protections for gays, lesbians, bisexual and transgender people. The Justice Department said itni violates federal civil rights laws. The department notified republican governor pat mcrory that the state could lose hundreds of millions of dollars in federal funding. Sreenivasan the biggest automotive recall in u. S. History will get even bigger. Japans Takata Corporation is adding up to 40 million Additional Air bag inflators on top of nearly 30 million already recalled. In some cases, the devices can fire metal shards when they go off. But federal regulators acknowledged today that replacing all of them is a huge job. There is already concern about supply being available. Part of the issue here is to make sure we accelerate and as quickly as possible get the replacements, but we do not want to introduce new safety risks by pushing too fast too hard. Sreenivasan the takata airbags have been linked to at least 11 deaths. Woodruff in syria, the government and moderate rebel factions have agreed to restore a fragile ceasefire in aleppo, after days of fierce fighting. The u. S. And russia worked out the agreement, on the heals of similar deals in damascus and latakia province. The Syrian Military said later that the aleppo truce is good for only 48 hours. Sreenivasan the Global Tobacco industry was dealt a double blow today. The European Unions highest court upheld requirements that cigarettes be sold in plain packages covered mostly with Health Warnings. The rules also limit advertising for ecigarettes. Separately, Indias Supreme Court ordered that Health Warnings cover 85 of a cigarette packs surface. Woodruff back in this country, the federal Transportation Security Administration is moving to address long lines at the busiest u. S. Airports. Officials said today theyre adding more screeners and bomb sniffing dogs to expedite the screening process. Airlines have voiced concerns that growing wait times will affect the peak Summer Travel season. Sreenivasan and on wall street, stocks sagged after a private survey of job creation turned in disappointing numbers. The Dow Jones Industrial average lost 99 points to close at 17,651. The nasdaq fell 37 points, and the s p 500 slipped 12. Still to come on the newshour will the g. O. P. Finally rally around donald trump . We get takes from political reporters and former president ial candidate ben carson; the u. S. Role in fighting isis, under fire after a navy seal is killed in iraq; why half of all teenagers say theyre addicted to their phones, and much more. Woodruff on this day with woodruff on this day with more than its share of political tumult, the questions abound how exactly did donald trump upend the Republican Party to become its presumptive nominee for president . And how does Bernie Sanders decision to stay in the race affect Hillary Clinton . For some answers, we turn to susan page, Washington Bureau chief for usa today; and karen tumulty, National Political correspondent for the washington post. And welcome to both of you. So, i think its fair to say that a year ago, hardly anybody thought donald trump would have sewn up his partys nomination by now, susan, much less before Hillary Clinton sews up hers. How did he do it . You know, he didnt have the best campaign organization. He didnt have experienced people around him. He didnt have the best pollsters the best ad, he didnt spend the most money. He had a message. He understood the mood on the part of the american electorate that almost no one else did, how angry and frustrated and how much a desire of a different kind of politics that group of republicans in the primaries, the kind of politics they were ready to embrace. Woodruff karen, what would you add . I think not only did he have that. He had it early. The fact is, donald trump, six days after the 2012 election, filed the paperwork to trademark the phrase that would become the signature of his campaign which is make America Great again. He not only had a sense of the electorate, but he had it early, and he had it at a time when the Republican Party elders thought that thereue know, what they needed to be doing was sort of softening the edges of the party, you know, appealing to women and hispanics and young people. Donald trump sensed that what would win this primary race was exactly the opposite. Woodruff so here we are now, hes sewn it up. All y long, i think, weve been watching a parade of republicans, conservativesxd otr either saying never donald trump, theyre not going to go with him, susan, or some of them gradually falling in line. How serious opposition is is the opposition that he faces in his own party . I think the opposition is not serious in terms of getting the nomination. I think that battle is over, and he is now the face of the Republican Party. But you do see some fervent supporters, most of them not elected Senior Republicans in the electorate. You see a couple of people saying they wont vote for him. But you know the favorite lines of the republicans running for the senate this year, im going to summit the nominee without saying Donald Trumps name. This is a distinction that i think democratic ad makers, democratic opponents arent going to recognize. Its an effort to not break with the expaert yet not get too close to donald trump. While he succeeded in winning this nomination, he is at odds with the kind of coalition that we think you need to have to actually win the presidency. Woodruff karen, you actually interviewed donald trump last night as the results from indiana were coming in. What are the challenges that he faces now heading into this general election . Well, i think that the challenges are going to be presenting himself to an electorate that goes beyond the most fervent grassroots republicans. It is going to be transforming himself into something and somebody who the broader swath of the electorate can actually imagine in the oval office. The other thing and what he told me in the interview he has decided what he has to do is make Hillary Clinton unacceptable to them, and he plans to do, that he told me, not by focusing on her ideas and what she would do for the country, but rather her past, that he thinks that that is a lot of fertile territory. Woodruff and, susan, how does she counternr that . She said in an interview today on cnn, she views him as a loose cannon. She used that term expoafebr ovr again. What are we looking at . So were look at two candidates who are each going to spend their time talking about the how terrible the other one is, right. This is what i think you do in an election where both candidates have negative ratings of above 50 . Theres limits to how much they can persuade people that theatre optimistic candidate of the future they ought to embrace. But they ed to make the case that the other guy is simply unacceptable. Donald trump talkin talking abot Hillary Clinton that way, Hillary Clinton describing donald trump as not an acceptable commander in chief. I think thats a particular theme were going to see her hit over and over again, and someone who doesnt have the temperament you need to be president. Woodruff meantime, karen, Hillary Clinton still faces a challenger in her own party, Bernie Sanders, as wenr know, wn the indiana primary. Hes likely or expected to win some of the primaries coming up between now and the convention. How much of how does that affect Hillary Clintons path from now until the convention in philadelphia in. You know, it probably doesnt affect her chances of winning the nomination. What it could affect and this ball is very much in Bernie Sanders court what it could affect is how enthusiastic Bernie Sanders supporters are about supporting her, about turning up and voting for her in the fall. And this is a choice as, you know, the Clinton Campaign has said, but its a real choice, as to, you know, what kind of tone he takes for the remainder of the primary, whether its talking about his ideas and how he wants to shape the democratic agenda or whether it is beating up on the most likely nominee. Woodruff how do you see that democratic contest, susan . Well, you know, i think its a constant reminder of some of Hillary Clintons weaknesses. To have Bernie Sanders not only out there running but beating her in primaries, as he did last night. And it prevents her from doing what we traditionally see candidates do which is move a little bit to the middle after securing their partys nomination. She is, i think, not awbl to do that. Shes been pulled a little bit to the left, tugged to left by him, particularly, say, on the another of trade. Its going to keep her there and thats a battle i think well see fought out over the platform when you come to the Democratic Convention in july. Woodruff meantime, karen, still, so much attention on donald trump and what he has been able to pull off and what he needs to do. From your conversation with him, what kind of sense did you get of how he sees his own challenge in the next months in the months to come . You know, he he sounded pretty happy with the kind of campaign he has run, and seems to believe that he can continue to do that. I think, however, that a general Election Campaign is going to require a different kind of campaign operation. A lot of people are worried that he may not have because hes been selffunding, he may not have the fundraising capacity that he will need to go into what one stewart stephens, mitt romneys former strategist described to me the billiondollar buzz saw the democrats are preparing for him. Trump said they spent all this money already in the republican primary and it didnt do a thing. Woodruff a lot of people think he is a billionaire and he can do it himself but its of its not that simple. Hillary clinton is in ohio, which will be a swing state. She is already laying the groundwork there. Woodruff susan page and karen tumulty, we thank you. Woodruff and theres more to come well be back a little later in the program to talk with trump rival, turned supporter, dr. Ben carson. Sreenivasan there were more details today about the death of Navy Seal Charles Keating in a firefight yesterday with isis militants in northern iraq. The u. S. Has moved in more troops and materiel recently to support Iraqi Military efforts against the group. At the same time, there is political turmoil in baghdad, where the government of Prime Minister Haidar Al Abadi is facing challenges from rival shia groups. For more im joined now by the washington posts Baghdad Bureau chief Loveday Morris. She just returned from the frontlines in northern iraq. Loveday morris, thanks for joining us. You were near the front liewns of this battle. Describe the situation there. What did you see . Reporter what we are seeing on the front lines at the moment is an increased u. S. Troop presence outside of the more established iraqi bases. The line where i was at, south mosul, now theres ani u. S. Artillery base, which is relatively close to the front lines. And the problem with these front lines are that, thatxd scrappy lines you have suicide bombers penetrating the lines regularly. So as we see more troops,ni more u. S. Troops coming, there were more announced by the president , there is an increased risk for them. Sreenivasan what do you know now about how this seal died . Well, the pentagon is saying that at around 7 30 a. M. , a largescale isisni attack broke through the kurdish peshmerga. The navy seals came this seal sadly died while trying to assist them. Sreenivasan yesterday, the secretary of defense said that this was a combat death. But then the white house said this soldier wasnt on a combat mission. How would you describe what u. S. Forces are doing on the ground inni iraq . I think a lot of people are confused, and i can see why. The problem is, if you have u. S. Forces dopted along front lines that are scrappy front lines, and getting entangled when there are isis attacks, calling for assistance, and then becoming involved in firefights, i mean, is that do you classify that as combat, or as sales are and assist . The iraqis when this incident happened on tuesday, they actually seemed to be under the impression that the seals were assisting them take back the town. They seemed to think that they were part of a counteroffensive to take back the town. Sreenivasan weve seen quite a bit of protests and demonstrations against the Iraqi Government due to corruption and lack of services. Whats the political situation like, and how is that affecting whats happening on the battlefield . At the moment, the political situation is a big worry. Theres a worry that its going to delay plans for any mosul offensive. The Prime Minister, Prime Minister Haidar Al Abadi, he is the commander in chief of the armed forces. Hes americas main partner had when it comes to fighting isis on the ground in iraq. His position is in question. Hes fighting for his polical survival. Everyones very worried about the potential for a political vacuum that would have a huge impact on the u. S. campaign here at the invitation of the Iraqi Government. What happens if you have a power vacuum here . Its definitely a big concern for them. Sreenivasan Loveday Morris of the washington post, joining us via skype from baghdad. Thanks so much. Thank you. Woodruff stay with us. Coming up on the newshour a shocking number of deaths attributed to preventable medical errors; the life of james brown a metaphor for our struggle with race and class; and we talk to former rival turned trump supporter ben carson about the nowpresumptive g. O. P. Nominee. But first, a new report looks at how digital devices are taking a toll on kids and families. The report, put out yesterday by common sense media, found half of all young people feel they are addicted to their devices, and nearly 60 of adults think their kids are addicted too. And, a third of parents and teens say that they argue daily about screen time. Now, a new documentary explores this topic, and offers ideas about what families can do to navigate these waters. William brangham is back with our look. Brangham the documentary is called screenagers, and in it, dr. Delaney ruston explores the complex relationship teenagers have with their screens. Both the pleasures they take in sharing their lives online, with their friends, as well as the darker side those who lose control of their digital habits, and spiral into damaging behavior. I hugged him and felt the bones sticking out of his back. That was scary. Brangham the film also profiles the latest research about the impact all this screentime has on the brains of young people you have a brain that is wired for what in psychology is called seeking behavior, the kind of thing that a Google Search gives you. Something new, something stimulating, something different. Brangham throughout the film, ruston also turns the camera on herself, exploring the real and alltoocommon conflicts that flare up as she and her family haggle over screen time. Its not like im on it 24 7. Youre always checking it and dont you think well, if you put this in front of me, yes, i will go on it, and yes, i will find something to do on it. Tessa, why are you so mad . Another just get dressed. Im sorry youre crying. Brangham i met with Delaney Ruston last week in washington d. C. What was it initially, what made you want to do this film . Well, i was having a really hard time as a mom with my two kids. You know, my son wanted to play video games a lot and my daughter really wanted more and more social media, and i felt completely out of control. And as a doctor, i was thinking, what is the impact of all this screen time . I knew as a mom that every day there was tension in the house and i felt completely out of control on what to do, what kind of limits to set, how this was affecting them. Brangham now that youve done all this research, what was it im curious that most surprised you that you found . Well, i think one thing that really helped me to start being a better parent around this is to learn that the dopamine thats secreted in the brains Pleasure Center when we get new bits of information and we look at the screens that center of the brain is most activated when were kids and were teenagers. So knowing that they are so pulled into these in a way that we cant even understand has made me not be as angry at them but realize theres a lot more i need to do in my parenting. Brangham so these are little electronic Drug Delivery devices . I know thats a crude way to put it, but thats what youre saying. Absolutely. I mean, its amazing that theres many studies that look at m. R. I. Scans of the brain of kids who play a lot of video games, 20 hours or more a week. And when they compare them to people who are addicted to, say, drugs or alcohol, their brains scans are similar. So something is really happening on the physiological level, its not just psychological. We exposed young mice to switching sounds and light. Brangham in the film, ruston talks with researchers who are studying what multitasking switching rapidly back and forth between digital devices does to the brain function of mice. Afterwards, we looked at the effect on learning and found that the ability of these young mice to learn new things was very much compromised. It took them three times longer or more to learn how to go through a maze than the non exposed young mice. We are exposing a whole generation of children to this rapidpaced media and we have no clue what it does to the brain and if its the same as we see in the mice, this is very shocking news. Brangham does that kind of stuff terrify you . Or do you think this research is not necessarily analogous . I mean, how are people supposed to process this information . You know, i think its a question about how much were giving kids full potential in everything that they do. And to me a big issue is how much time they have with all sorts of skills that theyre learning offline social engagement, competency, talking to people face to face. I think if were giving them a lot of those situations that even if theres some concern about Attention Span and possibly some changes in the brain, i think that humans are resilient enough and already were seeing that people are not, you know, dropping like flies from screen time. I dont think were at that place yet where we need to be really alarmist. Brangham lets say im a parent and i come to you and i say, i have a young kid. Maybe a 10 year old daughter. When should i get her a phone . What would you tell this parent . I think you know obviously, every kid is different, and thats really important. And every situation in the home is different. But i do worry that it is getting younger and younger. And when we bring them, start having them in elementary school, we have to start to wonder, when is it too young that theyre not going to be ready to resist the impulse to check or to post. You know, this is all about teaching kids self control, and what weve learned through the research is that its absolutely teachable. So i would really discourage a family from getting a child a device when they dont think theyll be able to control themselves from when they use it. Brangham ruston has beenco taking her film across the country recently holding screenings in dozens and dozens of cities encouraging parents and kids to come, watch, and to then continue the conversation at home. You know whats really exciting . Its that kids and teenagers actually want to talk about these issues, and i think it doesnt take that long in homeroom or in some other setting to ask these questions about what are you struggling with, with your screen time . Or what do you see happening on social media . And once we say we want to hear from you, then they care as opposed to what i see so often, this message of zero tolerance, lets just take everything away and get mad at you. Thats not going to get kids to open up and make them comfortable to be a part of this, and thats really what this is going to take. Brangham for the pbs newshour, im William Brangham in washington d. C. Sreenivasan for the better part of two decades, theres been a growing recognition that medical errors kill too many patients in the u. S. While exact numbers are elusive, a new analysis and estimate portrays an even grimmer picture. The new paper finds that as many as 250,000 people die each year from errors in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. That would make it the third leading cause of death in the u. S. , ahead of respiratory disease, accidents and stroke. Dr. Martin makary, a professor of surgery at the Johns Hopkins University School of medicine who led the research, joins me now. So, how did we get to this number . What did your Research Find . Welly, we took the best available studies, the data from the medical literature, and we basically came up with a metaanalysis point estimate and asked where would that fall if medical error were counted as a disease . It turns out that we learned that the c. D. C. Does not consider medical error to be a cause of death in listing our National Health statistics each year, even though the point estimate comes right in between number two and number three on the the list, which means medical error is the number three cause of death in the united states. Were just not measuring it. Sreenivasan lets talk a little bit about the methodology. If the numbers are scarce, are these studies representative enough sample sets to be able to extrapolate this quarter million . These are studies of hound of hospitalizations in the top medical journals, and they are updating the 1999 institute of medicine report, and theres broad consensus that the range is somewhere between 200,000 and 400,000. Our analysis came up with 251 on,000. No matter what number you pick, it is well above the currently listed number three cause of death. And it turns out the reason its not being counted is that the system relies on billing code to compile our National Health statistics. But people dont always die of a billing code. They can die from diagnostic errors, fragmented care, preventable complications. These are not things that are capturecaptured in national heah statistics. That list of most common causes of death in united states. That list is a big deal. It informs all of our Research Funding priorities as a country, all of our Public Health campaigns. We spend a lot of time and money on Heart Disease and cancer, but we havent even really recognized that the third leading burden on health in america in terms of death is medical error in its many forms. Sreenivasan so how do systems change to try to adapt for this . I remember there was a book written a while ago about the checklist, and actually preventing surgical errors just by something as simple as that. Are there systemic improvements we can make to try to decrease this error rate . There are so many great home grown ideas by doctors around the country, hospital associations, but the work theyre doing is vastly underfunded and underappreciated. Our Large Research center and Patient Safety at Johns Hopkins has applied for numerous federal grants and we keep getting message back, this is not within the scope of the n. I. H. This is not within the scope of the National Cancer institute. And all of these grants are relegated to a very small agency with a fraction of the budget 300 million for the entire agency, including the grants. If you look at the number of people that die from breast cancer, its about a fourth or a fifth of the number of people that die from medical care gone wrong. And yet, they have billions more because the great lobbying efforts and the vocal advocacy work of that group. Well, it turns out that its not proportional to the burden of prevent abandon health in america. Sreenivasan how do you capture the number of people who might not be killed by a medical error but might be with some serious negative Health Outcomes when they leave the hospital . Well, studies in even in the new england journal of Medicine Show as many as one in four patients in the hospital will have some medical error that they experience, almost always nonconsequential. And its estimated about half of 1 to a little more than 1 of these errors could actually be fatal. If you extrapolate the numbers to all u. S. Hospitalization, thats where this 250,000 estimate comes from. Thats not even counting people that die at home or sometimes through limited Insurance Networks or cracks in the system that result in daight. It doesnt include Outpatient Office deaths or ambulatory surgery deaths. So we think the estimate is a solid estimate. Theres broad consensus in the field. Its in that range. And it doesnt even include a lot of ug types of medical errors that lead to death. Sreenivasan all right, so im a patient. How do i figure out the hospital i might be tan to or im already in is kind of the lowest that it can be on these error rate . Or what do i do to inform myself . What kind of questions do i ask a doctor or a hospital about my care . On a National Level this is exactly why we need to measure the problem. On a bedside level, you should always go into your office visit or your hospitalization with a loved one or family member. Theyre an important safety net. And certainly patients that we see that come in with that support system are often critical in coordinating care. Also, ask about a Second Opinion. If youre going to have something major like an operation or start a medication, sometimes its worth getting a Second Opinion because about 20 of Second Opinions are different than the first opinion. So its good to know all the treatment options, be well read, and come in with a loved one. Sreenivasan all right, dr. Martin makary of Johns Hopkins, thanks very much. Great to be with you. Woodruff we return to the president ial race, and a man who once challenged donald trump, but now supports him dr. Ben carson. Today, it was announced he will assist the Trump Campaign in selecting a running mate. For the record, i knew dr. Carson before he was a candidate, when he was the doctor for one of my children. He joins me now from palm beach gardens, florida. Welcome back to the newshour, dr. Carson. Now that donald trump has sewn up this nomination, what do you expect from him . Do you think he will change the message hes been giving to the American People, change his presentation, or do you think it the stay the same . Well, you know, getting to the process of gaining the nomination involves a mud fight. So thats been largely taken care of. And now you can turn your focus a little bit more to some of the issues. And some of the Innovative Solutions that really havent been talked about before. And really trying stabilize the Economic Situation of our country. And i think youre going to see a lot of pivoting there. That doesnt mean there wont be some more mud fighting when the actual election comes up with Hillary Clinton. But right now, i think youre going to see a little bit different. Woodruff do you expect to see him take a position or positions that will surprise the American People . I think people will be very pleasantly surprised by what he really has an opportunity to explain because many have said, ah, he doesnt have any understanding of foreign policy, doesnt really truly understand how the system works. I think theyll be surprised at that. I think people will also be surprised at some of the individuals who will be selected for different positions. Theyll be, i think, very pleasantly surprised when they see the list of Supreme Court possibilities. Woodruff as you know, a number of prominent republicans are saying yes, some are saying they will support him, but there are a number of prominent republicans saying they will never support him. We heard again today from the senator from nebraska, ben sasse. He said, i stick with my view that ive expressed before that donald trump is a Destructive Force bent on dividing the country. Does donald trump try to change the minds of people like senator sasse, or does he just move on . Well, you know, early on, youll hear a lot of that. As youve always heard when theres controversy in a selection, over the course of time, that tends to melt away. As people begin to consider the alternative. Now, there may be some republicans who, you know, prefer a more progressive ideology, prefer, you know, more debt, prefer withdrawal from the world and allowing our enemies to multiply and destruction ofoy should should move on. Woodruff do you think its significant, dr. Carson, that both former president s george h. W. Bush and george w. Bush are saying today that they dont plan to get involved in this election. They dont plab to express their view one way or another. In other words, theyre not going to get behind this candidacy, theyre saying. Well, again, we must recognize that, you know, what donald trump represents is really quite alien to the traditional political system, democrats or republicans. Un, theyre used to having people who are part of the system who have obligations to this group or this group. To have somebody who is completely uncontrollable is a very difficult thing for the system to adjust to. But hopefully they will. The people have adjusted to it. And the people have decided that they will supersede the system and vote in such numbers that it wouldnt be thrown into a contested situation. Woodruff, of course, youre referring to some or most of those who voted in these republican primaries. I know youre familiar with the polls, dr. Carson, that show donald trump has a problem with different groups of voters hispanics, african americans, women how does he begin to win those important part of the electorate over . Well, i think hes going to begin to address those. Certainly going to begin talking about the kind of programs that provide ladders of opportunity that will give a person the ability to climb out of a state of dependency, utilizing their own godgiven talents and strengths and hard work. And we will do things to try to facilitate that. We will be talking about how we can make education more widely available. And im talking about good education. You look at our inner cities, you look at some of those high schools, we have more than 50 of people dropping out. Not because they dont want to be educated, but because theyre not being educated and they say, whats the point in being here . We have to change that because we need all of those people. We only have 330 million people. We have to compete with china with 1. 3 billion. We cant afford to lose any of our people. We need to Start Talking about, you know, our Justice System and how we prevent such an influx of people because we cant afford to be losing all these people. This is great talent. Woodruff i saw another comment today, this one from the former governor of utah, republican mike levitt. He said, donald trump is going to have to demonstrate he has the temperament to be president. How does donald trump do that . I think he you know, we all have our weaknesses. Theres no question about that. And, you know, he has sometimes had a little difficulty letting something go when somebody insults him. But i think he realizes that this will be a trick that his opponents will use to try to get him off track. And i think hes much smarter than people think. And hes just not going to fall for that. Woodruff finally, you mentioned Supreme Court names. Glad to have you share any of those with us. And, also, as i mentioned, he said that donald trump donald trump said youre going to be on the committee looking at a possible running mate. Are you interested in that position yourself . I prefer to work from the outside. And i also recognize that myself as a running mate would just start the feeding frenzy again on behalf of some of the media who just couldnt stand the thought of me doing anything, rather than become a distraction in that sense. You know, id rather help from the outside. Woodruff and are there some names of individuals you think would make a good running mate hea for him. Do you have people in mind . I think theres a whole host of terrific people. Upon and, you know, id rather allow, you know, donald trump himself to reveal those names. Woodruff and youre going to be working closely with him during the this campaign, during the remawrnd of this campaign . Well be working during the campaign to do everything we possibly can you know, my goal is to make sure that we have a thriving and vibrant america for the next generation. You know, my whole life has been about children and making things better for them. And thats mott going to happen unless we fix the economy and create a safe environment. Woodruff dr. Ben carson, we thank you for joining us. Thank you so much, judy. Sreenivasan now, a new look at the hardest working man in show business. A man of many contradictions, highs and lows, whose musical legacy opened doors and influenced black and white musicians alike. Jeffrey brown has this newest addition to the newshour bookshelf. Who was james brown the man and what shaped him . Those questions are taken up by musician and writer James Mcbride known for the color of water and his National Book Award Winning novel. Mcbrides new book is kill emsprks and leave. We talked recentlyt Howard Theater in washington, d. C. And a historic hall where james brown. I asked about the power of prowns music. Theres no music in america that you can listen to that doesnt have some james brown in it. The whole creation of the synthesizers and these guitar parts and the beat that was james brown. Elvis presley shook america up, and james brown shook the world up because his whole persona was that of someone whose consumed by this music, this sound. So he was a phenomena he was really seen as a kind of scream at the end of the dial where black radio lived brown a scream at the end of the dial . Yeah, because he would go like, ow, but musically he was very sophisticated; there is a lot of Counter Point in james browns music. Brown this is not a traditional biography though, that you have written, right . The subtitle says its searching for americas soul and that means taking us to some deep places . Yeah, well, i think james browns life is really a metaphor for how america evolved. And how it is a metaphor for how we cant talk about the business of race and class. And north and south, because in many ways james brown was much more a southerner than he was a black man. Brown and what does that mean . Everything about the way he lived, everything about his lifestyle and the choice personal and professional choices, were dictated by the decorum, the pride, and the honor and integrity of southern life. So, you know the whole business of him doing his hair, for example, you know, always being proper, and not showing his pain. The whole business of trust in the south. This whole james brown world, and when you talk to southerners there is this whole mentality of if we trust you with our life, but if you betray that trust our journey is over. And james brown really typified that in many ways. I feel good brown but you also talk about the idea of putting on a face; not presenting your true self, partly out of fear as a black man in the south. Well, that is right, he had a lot of fear in white people as well because he grew up in a segregated part of the world where there was a lot of cruelty, in a world where everyone had to stay in their own lane. And, i think his fear of white people, and his fear of being broke and people try to take what he had, including the i. R. S. , the government almost twice, made him a very lonely and fearful person. But he never showed that to people, his face was of pride and smile, he never wanted to show, he never wanted people to know him. Mean world brown yeah that comes through. I mean hes very high bent, even those you talked to who were very close to him. Well, you know, he compartmentalized people. You know he had his black friends, he had his white friends. He had his manager he trusted with his money, he had his accountant he trusted with his money. He had this promoter he trusted and that one he didnt. He lived in a world of many rooms, i dont know if he is that different from any of us. But he is an exaggeration of all of us. Because he doesnt know how to fit comfortably in any one place. Brown and what about the way he was treated, seen, i mean you are talking about him rocking the universe. Elvis presley, of course, got much more attention. Of course, well the whole business of the evolution of black music in america is a difficult subject to talk about without sounding like a racist malcontent. Brown but youd made it part of the story here in james brown. I had to. You cant avoid it, it is the elephant in the room. I mean, most black musicians, including james brown, walked through Department Stores and heard ninth chords borrowed from their history. There is no pension for the guys that play. Brown you mean the music they hear, yeah . Yeah, the music they hear back to them is their music. Yeah, they are living lives of relative poverty and anonymity. And i mean, history has gobbled up most of black peoples contributions. I never thought it would eat james brown alive, but somehow it did. Brown so did he ever get his proper due . I dont think so. I dont think he has gotten his just due because i dont think hes seen as, he is such a phenomena that people remember him as just that he gave them such a good time, they forget that musically he was brilliant. And that personally despite his personal struggles which were painful to him and to others. That hed put that aside and he would try to make people happy, and try to make people, most importantly, get along. Brown was it an easy story to tell . Was he an easy man to find . No, this is the hardest book ive ever done. Because even after finishing this book, i really dont feel i know him completely. I mean, i dont think he wanted its clear he didnt want to be known. But i have enough of the ghost of the man, the nub of the man, to tell the story in a way that i think people would relate to. It is hard to know someone who spent his entire life, not wanting to be known. Well, you know, Michael Jackson was the same way. In fact, a lot of the celebrities are the same way. They have this penchant for privacy because they dont want to show you the pain that powers them. But the story, you know, the story is the pain that powers them. Its the fuel, you know, it is the motor in the car. And so dissecting that with james brown, you realize, a lot of what motored him along was the desire for people to see beyond the color of his skin. And that is something we still have a hard time working out in this country. Brown all right, the book is kill em and leave searching for james brown and the american soul. James mcbride, thank you. Thank you. Woodruff on the newshour online right now, tens of thousands of online readers have taken Charles Murrays bubble quiz, in order to see how culturally isolated they are from mainstream americans. The problem, according to economist Gerald Jaynes . Socalled mainstream america doesnt actually exist. Read his full critique on making sense. All that and more is on our web site, www. Pbs. Org newshour. Sreenivasan and again, to our honor roll of American Service personnel killed in iraq and the afghanistan conflict. We add them as their deaths are made official and photographs become available. Here, in silence, are two more. Sreenivasan tune in later tonight on charlie rose, a look at new yorks museum of modern arts new exhibit of the works of edgar degas. Woodruff and thats the newshour for tonight. On thursday, making sense of great vacation deals using budget airlines. Im judy woodruff. Sreenivasan im hari sreenivasan. Join us online, and again here tomorrow evening. For all of us at the pbs newshour, thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by bnsf railway. Lincoln financial committed to helping you take charge of your financial future. Fathom travel Carnival Corporations small ship line. Offering sevenday cruises to three cities in cuba. More at fathom. Org. Genentech. 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Planning a vacation escape that is relaxing, inviting, and exciting is a lot easier than you think. You can find it here in aruba. Families, couples, and friends can all find their escape on the island with warm sunny days, cooling tradewinds, and the