Transcripts For KRCB PBS NewsHour 20130118

Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions brown the algerian government launched an assault on a gas plant to free hostages, including some americans, taken by islamic militants. Good evening, im jeffrey brown. Suarez and im ray suarez. On the newshour tonight, we get the latest on the conflicting reports abo how many died or escaped in the raid and on the escalating tensions in nearby mali. Brown then, we turn again to the debate over gun laws and examine proposals to identify and treat those with Mental Illnesses. Suarez we update the case against Army Private Bradley manning, accused of leaking thousands of classified military documents online. That has are messages that came out from bin laden asking for specific documents that were released. Specifically documents regarding it will war logs of iraq and afghanistan. Brown from india, fred de sam lazaro has the story of an unlikely solution to massive blackouts and powergrid problems, using the byproduct of a staple. The newly electrified homes stand out in the darkwith children clustered around the single light bulb doing home work. Just one, low power turbine is enough to make the enterprise viable. Suarez and we remember Pauline Phillips whose dear abby column offered straight talking but sympathetic advice about love and life to readers around the globe. Brown thats all ahead on tonights newshour. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by moving our economy for 160 years. Bnsf, the engine that connects us. And by the alfred p. Sloan foundation. Supporting science, technology, and improved Economic Performance and Financial Literacy in the 21st century. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Brown algerias state news agency now says special forces have completed a mission to rescue dozens of foreign hostages, including some americans. Theyd been held by militants tied to alqaeda. But there are wildly varying accounts of how many got out alive, and how many were killed. Because of the fluidity and the fact that there is a lot of planning going on, i cannot give you any further details at this time about the Current Situation on the ground. Brown even this afternoon, as secretary of state Hillary Clinton suggested, the situation in algeria remained confused. The focus was this natural gas compound in the Sahara Desert seen here in footage from last month. The vast, natural gas facility at in amenas is owned in part by b. P. And located just 60 miles from algerias border with libya. Islamists apparently led by this man Mokhtar Belmoktar attacked the plant yesterday, claiming they took 41 foreign hostages, including seven americans. Early today, the algerian military stormed the sprawling site, as the militants were attempting to leave with the hostages. Hours later, the countrys Communications Minister told algerian radio, an important number of hostages were freed and an important number of terrorists were neutralized and we regret the few dead and wounded, but we dont have numbers. U. S. Officials said an american drone watched the operation from overhead, but the algerians refused u. S. Military assistance. Confusion reigned, the militants claimed 35 hostages died, while algerian state t. V. Said four were killed. And, hundreds of local workers apparently escaped. There was relief for at least one family in ireland. They got word their son was now free. In his video message, the militant leader belmoktar had said the attack on the gas complex was retaliation for french intervention in neighboring mali against another alqaedalinked group. In washington today, after meetingith e presidenof somalia, secretary clinton said the u. S. Is ready to help the french. We are supporting the french operation in mali with intelligence and airlift. Were working with a half a dozen african countries as we did with respect to somalia over so many years to help them be prepared to send in african troops. Brown clinton said u. S. Trainers will arrive in the region by this weekend to work with those troops. In addition, the European Union approved sending a military Training Mission to mali during an emergency meeting in brussels. Inali today, French Forces encountered stiff resistance from islamic extremists controlling the northern part of the country. The town of banama, just 90 miles from malis capital, was put on alert and a contingent of roughly one hundred malian soldiers sped there after reported sightings of jihadists in the area. Meanwhile the first detachment of troops from a west African Regional force arrived to reinforce french and malian troops. A short while ago i spoke with Lindsey Hilsum of independent television news. Shes at a military base in markala. Lindsey hilsum, thanks for joining us. I want to ask you first about the reaction in mali to whats now happening in neighboring algeria. Is the connection obvious . The connection is very obvious. The french know that they have kicked the hornets nest. But at the same time, what they believe is that the situation would have been worse if they had not moved. What they say is that these jihadists were preparing to move south down the road to the maliian capital. If they had taken the capital than they would have controlled all of the country so it would have been like afghanistan was under the taliban a whole country controlled by jihadists who would use it as a base for terrorism across the world. So although there is a lot of concern, anxiety, and upset obviously about what has happened in algeria from the french point of view theyre preventing a worse outcome. Brown give us a sense of the fighting now, particularly in and around the town of abl what knd o resistance are the french meeting . Well, the jihadi fighters are very mobile, they have armored vehicles. Theyre not heavily armed. An officer i spoke today today said they didnt are have sfarz s surfacetoair missile, for example, but they have a. K. 47s and rockett propelled grenades. There are air raids going on in diable about 100 miles up the road where from i am. I understand those jihadists are still in the town controlling theownnd oers have melted out into the bush. And i think that the great concern is while the french can stop the advance of the jihadis with air strikes and they can then do more with a ground assault alongside mallian forces what will then happen is that these jihadis, theyll melt away theyll go underground and then theyll come back. Weve seen in the afghanistan, weve seen it in iraq. Improvised explosive device, gorilla style attacks. Brown we heard repos of the arrival of the first African Forces in mali. Whats their mission and whats the expectation of the extent of the French Military mission in the coming days . Well, the french say that there will be 2,500 French Forces here. Were talking about marines, foreign legion, air force, many of them trained in desert warfare in chad. Others whove been in the ivory coast, so neighboring african countries. Their job will be to spearhead this and to have these first assaults that weve seen over the last few days. E african troops will probably be in more of a peacekeeping mission if there is a peace to keep. The problem that the african troops have including the mali is that they have no logistics. Its extremely difficult for them to keep their troops fed and waters and sheltered, provide ammunition and so on. So they will not be affected unless french, other european and American Forces help with logistics. Brown Lindsey Hilsum in mali thanks for talking to us. Youre welcome. Suarez for more on the situation in mali and the wider region in north africa we get two views. J. Peter pham is the director of the Africa Center at the Atlantic Council in washington, d. C. And retired colonel Cedric Leighton had a 26 year career in the air force where he focused on intelligence and did a number of stints in the middle east. He now has his own Risk Management consulting firm. Peter pham, youve heard lynn Lindsey Hilsum talk about france kicking the hornets nest. Do you agree that the action in algeria signa a regionalization of this conflict . That its a very different thing now . Very much so. Although its been a regional challenge for some time except our attention wasnt focused upon it. But to remind us al qaeda in the islamic maghreb certainly staged this. I think they had several goals in mind. Servely if they had been successful, grab a few more hostages, theyre already holding half a dozen french hostages to add to the number they could use and leverage. But whats interesting is what they didnt do. They didnt bw up that gas installation. That was reminder to the algerian government that we can strike, we didnt choose to do so but next time we could hit the vital oil and natural gas facilities which supply, by the way, onefifth of europes energy needs. So there are serious implications that could come out of this. Suarez youve got a nato partner in france fighting against a Guerrilla Army in mali. Its not an easy task, is it . Not at all. From a logistical standpoint i thought the itn reporter was spot on when she talked about t lostical iues tt are inherent in any kind of war, but they are particularly in hernt in one where the climate is difficult, where the terrain is almost impossible and where youre really not used to configureing your forces in a way that allows you to move rapidly in this kind of terrain. Its very much adown the american southwest and it is a very, very difficult area not only from the standpoint of things like temperature and mountains and things of that nature, its the nature of the terrain that makes it very difficult to move from one point to another. Suarez weve been covering the fight in mali over the last several days but algeria hasnt been in the news for a long time. Whats the state of play there . Whos running the place . Theres a government in algeria, its one that probably we would describe as formerly a republic but an authoritarian state. Certainly not a democracy. Its the one north african country that hasnt seen the arab spring. The extremists in northern mali, many of the leaders come from algeria. Theyre veterans of that war. Mokhtar belmokhtar, the e reponsible for this attack an algerian, gone to afghanistan, came back, fought in algeria for a while then moved south as pressure was put on him and now hes obviously making a play back in algeria yah again. Suarez so are a lot of the countries across the sahara vulnerable to this activity . Every single country across the sahara is vulnerable. You talk about algeria, peter mentioned that this is in essence an authoritarian government. Authoritarian governments by their very nature are brittle governments. Tyre authoritarian far reason because they dont allow their population to do things because they dont dare allow the population to do things like democratic movements, peaceable assembly, things we take for granted in the United States. But every single country if you take mali, look at mauritania to the west of mali, look to the east of mali you have niger, huge uranium deposits in niger, fourth largest producer in the world. These are the kinds of things that could happen to each of these areas and they could then spread south into other parts of africa the french difference the ivory coast is another big factor in all of this and it allows them a logistical jumping off point for the conflict in mali. But its also a vulnerable area which has had its own difficulties of late. Suarez you mentioned the arab spring. Was the fall of qaddafi and libya something that lit the fuse across these other countries . I wouldnt say it lit the fuse. I call it to follow on that metaphor perhaps it would be accelerant. There was always a spark. Northern mali had been mginalized politically and ecomically for some time. The tuaregs were seeking some legitimate grievances to be redressed but then suddenly you had fighters who would experienced freed up former mercenaries of qaddafi. You had enormous stockpiles of weapons unleash and you had al qaeda in the islamic maghreb has been for ten years a pretty good criminal organization, making money off kidnapping for ransom, protecting narco trafficers, other contraband. Then with this war chest they took it to market when the weapons became available and the fighters and now theyre in business. Suarez so you mention it had natural endowments of these lands. Theyre very sparsely populated, practically empty, you might say. Right. Suarez does the United States have a real interest in what goes on here and how does it express that interest without getting involved . It becomes very difficult. The real problem we have is to make sure that this does not become another jumpingoff point for an al qaedalike organization to attack the rest of the world. And thats the big danger. Thats why the french acted. They believe that this is their version of afghanistan, in essence. In other words, the base for militant groups to use to attack the homeland. In this case metropolitan france, the french part of europe. And for the United States, of course, its extremely important that the european integrity be kept hole. Then when you look at other things that could possibly happen you look at the possible cutting off of uranium supplies and other Energy Supplies from this part of the world, natural gas in the case of algeria, oil in other parts of the middle east and north afca, uranium and niger, all of these things become exceptionally important and if, for example, in nigeria, which is further south, if the oil supply from there is disrupt that could have a significant effect on the oil markets and on all of our Strategic Interests in and around the world. Suarez in recent years, the United States opened an Africa Command. What does it do and would it be naturally involved in either watching or actively participating in suppressing this mallian revolt . Certainly the Africa Command will have responsibility when our civilian leaders decide what it is that america is going to do here. As cedric just said, we clearly have interest in the region but we need to define our objectives and the french, to be quite frank, need to define their objectives. So far weve gotten a grab bag of list of ziterata but we need objectives to find and then we need to match resources and means and approaches to achieving those objectives and i think thats the key to managing the challenge we have there. Otherwise were going to find ourselves quickly sucked into a veritable quagmire. Suarez but its a big challenge . A huge challenge. And to playoff of peters point, its essential in the essence of what were talking about is developing a strategy and the strategy is the ends that youre seeking, the means that you use to get to those ends and the way in which you do that. So its an ends, ways, and means type equation that you have to go through from a military perspective. And if the ends, ways, and means arent clear then we get into a position where you can actual get to a quagmire, it would be very, very difficult to extricate ourselves from and thats the big danger with mali. You dont want that to happen. You want to continue whats going on there and you want to make it a very clear delineation between the areas that are held by the tuaregs and Ansar Al Dine as well as the government in mali and that structure is subject to change. Suarez Cedric Leighton, peter pham, thank you both. My pleasure. Brown still to come on the newshour increasing treatment for the mentally ill; limiting evidence in the wileaks tal; turning on the lights in rural india and ask amy remembers dear abby. But first, the other news of the day. Heres hari sreenivasan. Sreenivasan the alshabab militant group in somalia announced today it executed a french hostage. He was identified as intelligence agent denis allex, whod been held since mid 2009. The militants, who are linked to alqaida, said they killed him last night. French Officials Say they believe allex was killed last weekend when french commandos tried and failed to rescue him. In iraq, another round of bomb attacks killed at least 26 people. Most of the victims were shiite pilgrims. The worst of the attacks killed 11 people and wounded more than 60 near dujail, north of baghdad. Two car bombs exploded near pilgrims who were headed to a shrine. The bombings extended a wave of violence thats killed nearly 60 iraqis since yesterday. A u. S. Military judge has ordered a sanity review for a soldier accused of murdering 16 afghan civilians last march. The ruling came after Staff Sergeant robert bales declined to enter a plea. He was arraigned today at joint base lewismcchord, near seattle. Outside court, defense lawyers said bales has been diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder. Questions swirled today around notre dame football star manti teo. It came out wednesday that the story of his online girlfriend, who supposedly died of leukemia, was all a hoax, and that she never existed. The website deadspin. Com broke the story, and said teo may have been complicit in the ruse. The University Said its investigation showed the middle linebacker was duped. Athletic director Jack Swarbrick spoke last night. I want to stress as someone who has probably been engaged in this as anyone, in the past couple ofeeks, that nothing about what i have learned has shaken my faith in manti teo. One iota. Sreenivasan in his own statement, teo said he was the victim of a sick joke. Notre dame officials said the motive for the scam remains unclear. The International Olympic committee stripped Lance Armstrong today of the bronze cycling medal he won in the 2000 summer games. The announcement came amid reports that armstrong confessed to doping, in an interview with oprah winfrey. The interview airs in two parts, starting tonight, on her t. V. Channel. The i. C. Said thtiming of its decision was unrelated to the interview. Nearly all the new boeing 787 dreamliners in service have now been grounded worldwide. The jets sat idle on tarmacs today as europe, india and others grounded the 787s in their jurisdictions. Two major Japanese Airlines and the u. S. Federal Aviation Authority did so yesterday. Boeing has delivered 50 of the cuttingedge planes so far. But at least two battery leaks, just ten days apart, have triggered safety reviews. Wall street rode some upbeat economic reports to Higher Ground today. Firstime cims r jobless benefits hit a fiveyear low last week, and Housing Starts in december were the best since the summer of 2008. In response, the Dow Jones Industrial average gained more than 84 points to close at 13,596. The nasdaq rose 18 points to close at 3,136. Those are some of the days major stories. Now, back to ray. Suarez and we turn to the reaction to the president s proposals on guns, Mental Health and school safety. The fact thats its not easy doesnt mean we shouldnt try. Suarez a day after president obama announced his plan to attackun vlenc his spokesman acknowledged how hard it will be to get congress to go along. If having an assault weapons ban become law again were easy, it would never have expired. If the variety of other actions that the president proposes we take as a nation were without conflict, we wouldnt be having this discussion. Suarez that call for a new, stricter prohibition against military assaultstyle weapons is already being rejected by house republicans. Its also gotten a mixed response even among senate democrats, not to mention the gun lobby. Most of the proposals that have to do with firearms are simply feel good proposals that have been tried in the past and wont work or wont have any real impact. Suarez on cbs this morning, the National Rifle Association President david keene did say the group might support universal background checks, if they could be made to work. The difficulty comes in when youre talking about you and me as next door neighbors and you buy a new shotgun and want to sell one to me. Hodo you enforce a background check on that . We want to see the proposal but as a general proposition, the n. R. A. Has been very supportive of doing background checks. Suarez meanwhile, the head of the u. S. Conference of mayors meeting in washington said the president had answered the groups written appeal for action. Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter the plan president obama unveiled yesterday includes much of what we asked for in that letter. We will work with the president and the congress to get critically needed legislation reforms enactedow. Suarez and Vice President joe biden told the mayors not to believe the voices of doubt. There are some who say the most powerful voice in this debate belongs to the gun lobby and those that demand a stop to these common sense approaches to save lives. I think theyre wrong. This time, this time will not be like times that have come before. Suarez and away from washington in aurora, colorado the Movie Theater where 12 people were killed last july, reopened this evening, with a ceremony for the victims. Brown we look at the realities of these proposals now from two experts. Adding new psychologists to schools, asking teachers to help identify which students may need Mental Health treatment and making it easier for states to make information about individuals with Mental Illnesses available to the background check system. Dr. Paramjit joshi is director of psychiatry at the Childrens National Medical Center in washington, d. C. And the president elect of the amican academy of child and olesce psychiatry. She has taught and published and Barry Rosenfeld is professor of psychology and director of Clinical Training at fordham university. He is a clinical forensic psychologist, whose recent work has focused on assessing the risk of violence in patients. I Barry Rosenfeld, id like to start right there. Whats the problem that we need to understand in trying to determine in advance who might be capable of violence as we saw in new toub . Well, the essence of the problem is that its a needle in a stay stack. Soweve got almost an infini number of people i shouldnt say infinite a very large number of people who will fit any profile we might generate and we want to find the one person whos potentially going to be homicidal. There just isnt really a way statistically to identify or clinically to identify that person with any real accuracy. Brown dr. Joshi, does that mean such limits we cant know what can be done . The issue, however, is that Young Children and adolescents ho sometis will ha aggressive behaviors early on and i think whole issue of trying to access care early on would go a long way in trying to prevent some of the more aggressive and violent behaviors as these youngsters get older. So i applaud president obamas recommendations and proposals hes put forth about early intervention, early identification and increasing the number of resources both in schools and also generally in the Mental Health system. Brown well, st to put a little bit more detail on there, in schools, for example, what in in what he said would most help, do you think . Would be most important . I think the most important thing is to provide the services in the School Systems by having counselors, by having psychologists, Mental Health workers in the cool setting because thats where children spend most of their day. Its easily accessible and, in fact there was a Mental Health and school act that was proposed in th 112th congress that put forth funding for the this particular intervention and im hoping that the sad horrific event will make us rethink supporting this particular bill. Brown what about that, Barry Rosenfeld . What are the possibilities there . What are the limitation there is . Well, i certainly would agree. I applaud the president for the idea of expanding mentaleal serces. Its an indirect solution to a much more present problem. I think the more we can improve general Mental Health functioning among kids and young people and adults and our returning war veterans the better we are at the macro level but we still have that same problem of individuals who most need these services being very hard to identify and once the differences have started to stanley mcchrtalize i dt ow wllave much success having an extra counsel knorr the school. I think we have to put more resources into understanding violence to begin with. Im always shocked of how little of our National Institutes of health money goes towards understanding violence and the causes and the treatments for it. Weve just not prioritized the understanding side of things and the prevention side of things. So i certainly applaud the Mental Health services. Brown go ahead, dr. Joshi. But at the same time its a wellknown fact 50 of those who have eventually a Mental Illness start bere t age of 14 and about three quarters have Mental Illnesses by the time they reach 24. So in my mind and from my perspective Mental Health is really a childrens issue so if we can catch them young and intervene early on i think well go a long way in not seeing adults becoming aggressive, violent, because welld be able to treat some of it early on. The. Brown all these things were talking about identifying people with problems, then theres the question of reporting. And if you get the right people and cast to too wide a net. Tell us what you see what the president talked about, what theyre looking at in your state, in new york. What is possible and what are the concerns there . I think theres a lot of concerns and i think a few possibilities. Of course we all want to identify potentially violent people. The idea that were going to cast this very wide net of anyone that raises any concern and have limited resources as to what to do with that iorry quite a b that wer gog to be increasingly infringing on peoples rights out of this fear that with what if this is the one person . What if this is the needle in the haystack . I think theres a lot of potential ramifications. I think theres a lot of concerns it will inhibit people from getting Mental Health treatment if they feel like going and talking to their doctor about, for example thoughts to hurt themselves. We we know theres a link between the desire to hurt ones self and the actions against other people. So are we going toeter peole fr seeking treatment for their depression because they dont want to be hospitalized as potentially homicidal . I certainly dont i think its a wellintentioned approach but i dont know that its going to solve problems in terms of capturing the one person, that needle in haystack, as it is, that were really interested in. Brown paramjit joshi, what do you think about the concerns about reporting . I would agree that the net is being cast very we and it very well may deter people. Its walking a really fine line about keeping the public safe and at the same time protecting their privacy. And with children and adolescents we get the sense from the parents to treat young patients so in some sense its a little less of an issue with our children and teenagers as it is with grownups but i do agree that it might really deter people from speaking very openly to their psychiatrist and other mentalealt providers about whats going on in their mind. If i could add something sure, please. If i could add something i think that we have a real risk with children and adolescents. As someone identified in the school are they going to be sent out of the school so now theyre not able to return to the school because psychologists express concern . That could impact an incredibly large number of children i think. Many of whom the vast, vast majority of whom arent a risk. Brown just briefly, dr. Joshi, theres this need to find people and let authorities know. Again, as i said earlier, its walking a fine line, balancing the individuality and the privacy of the patient and at the same time keeping folks safe. I think we have to be deliberate. We have to be thoughtful about how we proceed and we will have to see how best to really identify at the same time be able to provide services. My sense is beforewe even g to the point of severe aggression in some of these youngsters hopefully we can catch it early so it doesnt get to that point. And thats where early identification and prevention comes in. Brown well leave it there. Josh josh josh, Barry Rosenfeld, thank you both very much. My pleasure, thank you. Suarez in the wake of the newtown massacre, the newshour asked students from the 45 schools participating in our student reporting labs project about ways to prevent the next school shooting. Here is sampling of what they said. All of these kids and all of these adults, a lot of adults that are hurting people its because they have access to the guns so i feel like they just need to tighten up the system and change the rules about gun regulations. In West Virginia were all hunters here so everybodys concerned about, you know, theyre going to take our guns away and honestly thats not the solution. You know when you couldnt make alcohol before they still did it people will still have guns no matter what you do so you can just raise aarens and to hope that this doesnt happen again. I would hate to say it, but just gun control period. Yes i understand that in our constitution it says we have the right to bear arms but who are we giving the arms out to . So when it comes to schools i would say institute metal detectors but that will cost a lot of money but at least check the people coming in. Probably the most common conversation a lot of people are having and one that ive been having with my friends and family, thats a little friendly debate going on about gun laws, should they be stricter, should they not be stricter . Go do guns kill people or do people kill people or do people with guns kill people . I think thats the conversation ive had with a lot of my friends. Its brought up a lot of interesting view points. They realize its not just a blackandwhite situation. To prevent this from happening again i guess schools could enforce more security and stricter gun laws. I think more importantly that the United States needs to get a handle on mentalillness better because its not like your average people just doing this. Its people in have something wrong with them. With over 30 School Shootings its vital that we come up with a nonlethal way so have a Defense System for our teachers and students. We could come we could have a box that is similar to a fire extinguisher box that when you open it an alarm will sound and it will go to both the throughout the school and the police stations. In it could be a Defense System like bear spray or something as strong. With Something Like this the shooting in connecticut could have been stopped a lot sooner. I dont know how to prevent it. Theres really no right way to do it. Theres no wrong way to do it. Because really anyone you never know you never know who somebody is or what somebody is capable of and no matter what safety precautions, things in the world still happen i would love to say theres an easy answer so no other kids would ever die in their school but thats not possible. Its not going to happen. Suarez suarez those were the voices of young people from our student reporting labs project. You can learn how they first found out about the tragedy and their initial reactions. Watch that on our website. Brown now, wikileaks, secret cables and the case against the soldier who allegedly took them. Hari sreenivasan is back with our update. Sreenivasan Bradley Manning, the army private at the center of the largest leak of state secrets in americas history, is to begin Court Martial in june. He was arrested in may 2010 while serving in iraq and charged with stealing and sharing hundreds of thousands of classified government cables, many of which were published by the whistleblowing website, wikileaks. Manning, who is 25 years old, faces 22 charges including aiding the enemy which carries a life sentence. A prerail hearing concluded stday and joining me now to talk about it is arun rath of pbs frontline and pris the world. He has been covering the manning case from the beginning. So arun, this is sort of what sets the ground rules for what will happen in the trial, right . Yeah, basically in these hearings, these pretrial hearings theyre basically arguing about the kind of arguments they can make in court, the parameters of the arguments that Bradley Manning and his defense can make in a terms of defending himself against these charges. Whats a littlenusual abut the hearing th wve been seeing so far is that theyve turned into more of a a bit of a dress rehearse avl for the trial itself and for what might be a sentencing actually because his attorneys have essentially admitted in their Court Pleadings so far that Bradley Manning is responsible for the leaks. So its changed from a situation of the trial being did he really do it to yes he did but here are the reasons why it doesnt rise to the level of being a crime. Both sides, the prosecution and the defense, have had a few victorys or setbacks, whichever y yowant to look at. So aet whats been working in the prosecutions favor . Well, whats worked in their favor is just last night the judge ruled that motive cannot be considered here. The fact that Bradley Manning may have leaked these documents in order to do the right thing. That doesnt matter. What matters is was he guilty of the crime on the merits . So that was a significant victory for the prosecution. That cant be entered into evidence. Reporter what about the defense. Anything that worked in their favor over the past few weeks. Not an awful lot, there have been a couple places where they have been giv gound which i think they can take heart in. One is that they will be able to introduce evidence that Bradley Manning was selected by the information that he leaked, that he specifically tried not to leak information that would damage National Security the other is the prosecution has to prove that that Bradley Manning not only was providing information he knew would get to the enemy meaning al qaeda just leaking to wikileaks wasnt enough. That he knew the information would get into al qaedas hands. Brown ive been seeing reports that the prosecution will try to prevent is that some of this information was on sama in lads computer or at least a request for it was. Why is that important . Well, thats crucial to the biggest charge against manning, which is aiding the enemy. And if theyre trying to show the evidence that these leaked documents got through al qaeda theyre introducing this evidence gathered apparently from the about compound where bin laden was killed. These are apparently messages that came out asking for specific documents that were leaked in the wikileaks trove, specifically documents the war logs of iraq and afghanistan. So they have these apparently from in bin ladens o voice king f these ecific documents. The. Sreenivasan okay. And there were also lots of different intelligence agencies who had done assessments on how damaging this could have been to the United States and were hearing that thats not going to be admissible. And its actually a peculiar thing because earlier the judge had ruled that the defense Bradley Mannings defense could have access to these documents. These are reports from intelligence agencies where they assess how much damage was done by the release of these documents. Theyre classified and theyre letting the defense look at them but then they ruled last night they cannot use theseocunts during the trial. They need to feature them during the sentencing hearing but during the trial they cant theyre allowed to look at them but cant bring them into evidence. Sreenivasan youve been in court and had the chance to see Bradley Manning. What does he look like . What impressed you about him . Of all the people called to the stand Bradley Manning came across as the most appealing witness. He was i wouldnt say charming, not traditional charisma, but something about the fact that hes a young kind of geeky kid, a little awkward hes a sympathetic character. Hes talking about the ways he was held in quantico in solitary confinement for 23 hours a day. He talked about a classic catch22 situation where he would do these things during the day to keep himself scene like talking to himself in a mirror or dancing in his cell and at the same time these were used as evidence against him as evidence that he was mentally unstable. Sreenivasan he was arrested in 2010. This hasnt been a speedy trl. Do thi start . June . Is there a possible plea agreement . Its been delayed multiple times june is looking more realistic because theres a lot that has happened. Its possible there might be a plea agreement before then this is the issue in a trial that Bradley Manning has been denied his right to a speedy trial. Traditionally under military law youre supposed to have a trial within 120 days and Bradley Manning has been incarcerated were in the third year now. Over a thousand days. The prosecution says th reason for that is this is an extraordinary case. We have 250,000 diplomatic cables to go through and assess the damage, that we need this time to go through it. But the defense says that this is a miscarriage of justice. Sreenivasan arun rath of pbss frontline and the world, thanks for joining us. Thanks, hari. Suarez our next story comes from india, where entrepreneurs are turning crippling power grid problems into opportunity. Special correspondent fred de sam lazaro filed this report for our agents for change series. Reporter last year, when india suffered a massive power blackout the worst in its History Television anchorman Rajdeep Sardesai happened to be lunching with the top Government Official in charge of power, as the news came in. For the next hour, we didnt stop the lunch. We went ahead with the lunch. The power minister was lunching with a journalist rather than being there in his office directing operations. That in itself epitomized for me that it wasnt being treated as a National Emergency but another day in the office. Reporter despite billions of dollars in new infrastructure, power interruptions are chronic in india. Consumers large and small rely on back up generators, at huge cost to both the environment and economy says Energy Expert kirit parikh. He traces the problem to policies that never really took into account the cost of power and gave it away to some consumers we started out with saying farmers should get cheap and free electricity. This was 30 years ago when we wanted farmers to really adopt more modern technologies, it was considered a good way to promote green revolution. Reporter power was distributed cheaply or free to farmers and other groups whos votes politicians courted. Little effort was made to meter it. That prompted many people to hook themselves up, illegally. Parikh says a third of all power is stolen off the grid. Of the generated electricity is not charged to anyone. Reporter with little new money coming in, Public Utilities havent been able to expand capacity or to buy enough fuel like coal or natural gas both in short supply anyway. Power must be rationed but some regions overdraw their allotment. That can cause the system to shut down, or as it did last year collapse. But power failures are just the tip of the iceberg the urban half of a much larger power problem. The grid failure may have knocked out power out to a vast area; 600 Million People live in it. But to anywhere from a third to a half of them, it really didnt matter because theyve never been hooked up to the electric grid. Vast swaths of rural india remain off the grid or get minimal, unpredictable service from it. In the evening, nothing is visible. Its all dark. Life ceases to exist after sunset. Reporter ratinesh yadav has tried to tackle at least this part of the problem. He and a partner founded a Company Called husk power. Their idea villagebased micro grids at this one in the village of patelli, tractors arrive with rice husks the by product of milling this regions staple crop. It is poured into a hopperabout 100 pounds per hour and gassified to run a simple turbine. Early each evening 700 customers have access to power for five hours. Ram singh is one. He runs a tiny snack shop that can now stays open three hours later. translated its not so dark here so people are more comfortable coming in later. Business is much better. Reporter the newly electrified homes stand out in the dark with children clustered around the single light bulb doing home work. Just one, low power turbine is enough to make the enterprise viable, yadav. 32 kilowatt is a small amount of energy but for places like these it is huge. It can power, on an average it powers 450 households. Because their pmary needs right now is light and cell phone recharging. Reporter in five years, husk power has installed 75 of these simple plants. Their Networks Cover an area no bigger than a couple of square miles, with wires strung on poles made from bamboo a renewable resource like the rice husk fuel. The good thing about this rice husk is it has no alternative uses. It doesnt burn easily so you cant cook with it, you cant feed it to cattle because it has high silica in it so it is a waste; it has no value for anybody else. And it is in plenty. Reporter yadav was speaking on this day to a group of foreign, socalled impact investors, who put their dollars into socially conscious enterprises. The business model, he said, relies on simple, cheap and green technologyand local control. Each plant is franchised to local entrepreneurs. In this village, its shambhu singh. Ownership and operation is his responsibility. We take care of maintenance and after sales service. Reporter and how is electricity generated . We use double jacketed wires and lay down our own Distribution Network and connect customers houses from that. Reporter jacketed or insulated wires prevent both accidental electrocutionand power theft. Local franchisee singh, whose family was in the textile business, said hes had no problem signing people up. In the first month, i got 25. Reporter in just five months, singh told the group that number has grown to 700. He collects payment in advance each month. Not hard, he says because service is reliable and costs the equivalent of just 50 cents, less than the far dimmer and dirtier, kerosene lanterns or candles. How long does it take to recover the investment that you did in this plant . translated two, two and a half years. Everybody is making profit. Everybodys benefiting. Its not a charity. Reporter the visitors seemed to agree and want in. Eric berkowitz, who is with a Singapore Based Fund has invested 2. 5 million and likes husk powers growth prospects. As people increase in income, which hopefully they will, thatll create new livelihood opportunities. Theyll have opportunities to incrementally increase electricity that theyll take from these solutions and maybe add maybe two lights, three lights, a radio, a tv, a refrigerator. Its not the only solution, there are other solutions involving solar technologies, and husk power is looking at those solutions as well. Reporter renewable fuel plants also qualify for subsidies from indias government and possibly credits in a obal carbon trade. Power expert parikh appreciates what micro plants can provide but he doesnt see them as a long term solution. Most people aspire to have electricity when they flip the system button and get power as and when they want it, so this is the kind of enterprise that do work on a small scale. When you really add up, how many megawatts can you really provide this way . Im sure its a wonderful idea, theyre getting electricity till the time the grid comes and reaches them. Reporter he acknowledges that time may be a ways off before 247 grid power reaches all of india, or even the urban areas that suffered most from the massive blackout. As the debate rages on in delhi over the right mix of coal, nuclear and green energy, husk powers goal is to install almost 2,000 new micro grids in the rural areas by 2015. Brown freds reporting is a partnership with the undertold stories project at Saint Marys University in minnesota. Suarez finally tonight, remembering the original dear abby. Thats the name tens of millions of newspaper readers around the globe recognized for more than four decades. The woman behind the pen name Abigail Van Buren was Pauline Phillips, born 94 years ago in sioux city, iowa. She provided snappy, frank advice in a column that eventually appeared in more than one thousand papers in its heyday before the age of the web. Amy dickinson, who writes the advice column ask amy, is one of many columnists who have followed in the years since. And she joins us now. Welcome to the program. What was it about Abigail Van Buren. Was it her tone . Her Life Experience . Her sympathy . What made her so credible to so many readers . Well, you know, i think its amazing when i think about it because she started something over 60 years ago thats really basically still going very strong. What it is was, you know, she wasnt a doctor, she was not a psychologist, she wasnt really trained, so to speak. But what she was was very practical, midwesterns, common sense and people trusted her and you could tell from reading her column that she was very genuine she was very wise, she was super snappy, which i love, ofourse. And, younow, she had just created a tremendous legacy. Suarez she occasionally doled out tough love, occasionally contacted people who wrote her she that she thought might be in real trouble you mentioned she wasnt a doctor but she must have had some kind of authority after all that time . Part of it is in the writing. Its the authority that your auntie has or that are that smart mom next door has. The idea that she would respect you while he was listening to you and sometimes respect you to dole out a little smack and i wasnt aware of her passing yesterday and i wrote the line thats the tough part of tough love. And in a a way that line is it started with dear abbey. Well, you could see the country and its mores changing over time through her column with the kind of things, the kinds of problems that readers broughto her. Doesthat continue to this day . Does that see this changing in the kind of problems mesh have . Absolutely. When you go back as i have done and read her columns from the 40s, 50s, 60s, theyre very much a capsule of their time the advice remains constant in that its smart. Letters i get i mean, i probably get 50 querys a day about facebook, about social media and its impact on relationships. But the advice i give, its grounded in the source of things that dear abbey was talking about in the 50s and 60s. You know, amy, when you replaced ann landers in the chicago tribute, in fact, dear abbeys sister, her twin sister yet, there was no question that the paper was going to find another advice columnist in and deep franchise going, the only question was who was going to do it and you were chosen. Why is in the this day in age, in 2013, when theres so many sources and so many kinds of information that thats an essential component of a newspaper . I think this is the genre thats really tried and true and ray, where would we be if you opened your newspaper to the back and the jumble and the comic strips and the crossword puzzle and where would you be if you didnt see an advice column there. Its very much a part of what weve come to expect in newspapers and frankly its about the only place in a wspar whe readers really communicate directly with the writer. Suarez you mentioned you sort of went to school on Abigail Van Burens columns. Are her ways that stick with you or you modeled yourself after . Well, mainly its the its sort of this genuine honesty this is also a lot of compassion and i think its very easy to stand up there and tell people what to do but to do it with warmth and kindness and compassion while still occasionally serving up a nice helping of tough love, thats tricky and she was a master. Suarez Amy Dickinson writes the ask amy column for the Chicago Tribune and syndicated papers all around the country. Thanks for joining us. Thank you. Brown again, the other major developments of the day Algerian Special forces completed a daylong operation to free hostages, including some americans, held by lamist militants. There were widely varied accounts of how many hostages survived. A second straight day of bombings in iraq brought the number killed to nearly 60. And Vice President biden told u. S. Mayors that the stage is set for action to curb gun violence, despite those who say Congress Wont go along. Online, we poll expatriates and globetrotters the on cost and quality of life abroad. Hari sreenivasan tells us more. Sreenivasan economics correspondent paul solman wants to know where you live and where, if anywhere, is the standard of living higher th ght here in the United States . You can respond on our making sense page. That and more is on our website newshour. Pbs. Org. Ray . Suarez and thats the newshour for tonight. Im ray suarez. Brown and im jeffrey brown. Well see you online. And again here tomorrow evening with mark shields and david brooks among others. Thank you and good night. Major funding for the pbs newshour has been provided by and the william and flora hewlett foundation, working to solve social and environmental problems at home and around the world. And with the ongoing support of these institutions and foundations. And. This program was made possible by the corporation for public broadcasting. And by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Captioning sponsored by Macneil Lehrer productions captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org