Transcripts for KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] 20170709 000000

Point one f.m. In Walsenburg unlove Eda 95.5 f.m. In Lake George and Hertz all 95.7 f.m. In saliva universe to end Villa Grove and 105.7 f.m. In Canyon City for questions or comments please call 719-473-4801 during regular business hours you can always become a member of k. Or c c by going to k. Or c c dot o r g and making your financial contributions safely on line this was the week when North Korea marked America's 4th of July celebrations. Who covered it it would be only that by far in a long range missile the u.s. Responded with the threat of force one of our capabilities lies with our considerable military forces we will use them if we must the week when the e.u. And Japan agreed a deal as much about the politics of facing outwards as it was about trade we'll also be looking at what Mr Trump's speech in Warsaw tells us about his world view of Italy's plea for help as it copes with tens of thousands of migrants arriving on it shores European coordination would make things easier also because it could take a modicum of burden sharing and that Emanuel micro and his presidency all that after this. B.b.c. News with Su Montgomery President Trump has declared the g 20 summit in Hamburg a wonderful success after a final statement that confirmed the isolated position of the United States and climate change the communiqué recognize the u.s. Decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement and its long term commitment to fossil fuels the German chancellor Angela Merkel spoke to the media said let's off the inside the only kind of ship is its own dietician not what becomes clear in this declaration is the dissenting view with the United States but I'm very gratified to meet at the other 19 member states support g. 20 say the Paris agreement is irreversible and that it is to be implemented as quickly as possible President Erdogan of Turkey however later said Turkish ratification was known don't as the u.s. Withdrawal jeopardize compensation for developing countries there have been further clashes between protesters on the German police in Hamburg as hundreds of anti capitalist marches remained in the streets after the close of the g. 20 summit police have been using pepper spray and water cannon to try to disperse demonstrators who have been throwing bottles and other objects at them. The Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has praised the Supreme Court's decision to release from jail one of the country's main opposition leaders Lou Poder Lopez Mr Maduro said the country had sent a message of peace to Mr Lopez has been moved to house arrest after spending 3 years in a military prison he is our America's editor Lannan to Russia the decision took Venezuela by surprise in the early hours of Saturday the government's rhetoric had been one of defiance and confrontation and despite widespread discontent with the worsening economic crisis there is no sign that the armed forces have withdrawn their support for Mr Maher Doro forcing him to seek reconciliation many in Venezuela believe that Mr Maher daughter may be trying to defuse the opposition movement which has held almost daily marches for the past 3 months but hours after returning home base a lot has urged supporters to carry on protesting against the government the state of emergency has been declared in the Canadian province of British Columbia where the authorities are trying to control dozens of forest fires as David Willis reports emergency services a new files are being reported faster than they can chronicle their existence nearly $140.00 new fires broke out across British Columbia on Friday alone an area to the northeast of Vancouver Canada's 3rd largest city is currently among the hardest hit but most of the southern part of British Columbia is said to be under threat and officials say they expect the fires to spread further Juta continuing strong winds and high temperatures world news from the b.b.c. Iraqi government forces have been mopping up the final pockets of resistance from Islamic state militants in Mosul as the 9 month battle to recapture the city draws to a close a commander said Iraqi troops had completed their mission in the Old City which was the last area still held by ins a final declaration of victory is expected soon. At least 20 migrants are missing feared drowned after their boat sank off the Libyan coast east of Tripoli the Libyan coast guard said fishing boats rescued at least 80 people who've been clinging to the Debra those rescued her from West Africa one of the rescued men appealed to others not to try it themselves. Such a terrible on his astral all after his to advice. With life in search of way to retaliate because of our greed want to make money in a bond of a March by dozens of supporters of the white supremacist group the Ku Klux Klan in the southern us state of Virginia has been met by hundreds of jeering counter protesters the k.k.k. Members were protesting against the proud plunder movable of a statue of General Robert e. Lee from the university town of Charlottesville generally oversaw the pro-slavery Confederate forces in the us civil war the Church of England's governing body the General Synod has approved a motion condemning the practice of giving treatment to gay Christians to alter their sexual orientation the Bishop of Liverpool Paul Bass of the motion sent a strong signal that the church does not see homosexuality is a crime sickness or sin more than a 1000 feet 500 enthusiastic driven across Europe to attend a 60th birthday rally in Italy for the diminutive car the cheap city car proved enormously popular in post-war Europe with more than 6000000 having Rodolph production lines to the present day b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Peter Hunt and welcome back to the world this week Japan and the e.u. Have signed a cause for cheese deal it's a deal which is as much about the politics of openness as it is about trade Italy has accused its European neighbors of looking the other way as it struggles to cope with migrants in boat seeking refuge and a manual macro address parliamentarians in the sun king's palace what are we learning about his plans for the French presidency. But 1st this was North Korea's idea of what would make a suitable gift for Americans as they celebrated their 4th of July Independence Day Ive that was the launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile an i.c.b.m. That flew 930 kilometers before plunging into the sea experts say such a weapon could travel across the globe and reach Alaska back in January the American president tweeted North Korea just stated that it is in the final stages of developing a nuclear weapon capable of reaching parts of the u.s. It won't happen well now it has I think we're just take a look at. What happens over the coming weeks and months with respect to North Korea it's a shame that they're behaving this way but they are behaving in a very very dangerous manner and something will have to be done about it I asked our correspondent in Seoul Steve Evans whether the missile launch was a game changer for the 1st time I think war is on the agenda and that speak hard if the u.s. For example is talking about some kind of strike let's say on a missile that's about to be launched there is the risk of serious retaliation by fearsome artillery conventional artillery very near so so that moments where President Trump has to decide Ok am I going to risk massive retaliation massive suicide a retaliation no doubt or am I going to have to find some way of living with nuclear weapons targeted on American cities on the West Coast by a person who says I want to turn Washington into a sea of flames but despite all these words despite. Your belief that war is now on the agenda from the North Korean point of view do you think they're working on the assumption that it is just Georgia war and that there will not be a military response I think there must be you know if you remember the Cold War there were all kinds of threats but we learned to live with war the phrase was mutually assured destruction both sides knew that they would be destroyed in a nuclear war a North Korea surely must know that it would be destroyed in a war Jim Mattis the defense secretary and the warrior said we would win but it a terrible cost Pyongyang must know that Kim Jong un must know that but the unknown factor is Mr Trump's mind you know previous presidents have pulled back from military action because they know what the potential cost is we do not know that with President Trump we've just had the new president of South Korea talking in Berlin pre the g. 20 and he's coming with a much I has to take this a softer line because he's not being soft on North Korea what he's doing is saying look you need to talk and the end spoken message and President Moon's text is president may do it you know so let's get negotiating it may seem a naive question but given the considerable risks that you've just outlined why are the North Koreans doing this the North Koreans are doing it for a variety of reasons they probably won't react well they say they want reunification of the peninsula but it would be on their terms but the more cynical view and probably the more realistic view is that if you've got nuclear weapons you are more secure and the example that's often cited is Colonel Gadhafi who renounced the pursuit of nuclear weapons in return for guarantees from the west of his security they did not do him much good if you've got the bomb in Pyongyang well then people won't attack you Steve Evans. It's a trade deal that has striking political resonances the e.u. Japan economic partnership agreement has been for years in the making its supporters like the e.u. President Donald Tusk are hailing it as a response to the protectionism currently favored by America although some are saying that the time of isolationism and the gracious this coming again demonstrate that this is not the case the broad outline of the deal was agreed this week in Brussels to discuss what it means I was joined by Europe Correspondent Damien Grammaticus and by our East Asia editor Celia Hatton Damien 1st what was the key factor that helped secure the deal 2 words Donald Trump they started talking back in 2012 so more than 4 years had sort of run into the sand Japan had turned its attention to the United States and the Pacific partnership but when Donald Trump decided not to go ahead with that this deal was reenergized and they sorted it out in weeks and cedar It's called the car for a cheese deal you know the overseas Japanese cars it's the dairy products from Europe but beyond the trade what's in it for Japan Well I think the Japanese prime minister Shinzo are they made a very shrewd decision I think decided to sacrifice the dairy farmers a little bit to allow European imports into Japan and he'll also get access to the European market to be able to sell more Japanese cars and really Japan's economy can take over much faster under this automated system that the auto industry has grown under and his Japan fully totally 110 percent signed up to free trade has a good question I think there's only been a lot of complaints particularly from European automakers a lot of skepticism really that even though Japan has really signed up to this free trade deal the government seems to be supporting it but really there have been a lot of accusations that the Japanese auto industry will. We're truly open to foreign automakers So all of the foreign brands comprise just 4 percent of Japan's auto industry there's been a lot of accusations that even though tariffs might be lowered really the Japanese government will keep a lot of other hidden obstacles in place to keep foreign automakers out and they mean all that seal is just been talking about has been the one of the reasons why we might be another 15 years before this is finally totally signed on every line what the Europeans say is they hope that it's signed and done by the end of the year there are elements to it that are not agreed yet and they have to hammer out but I think the interesting thing to say is that what will take 15 years is the implementation because built into this are periods in which the changes phase in and as you've already suggested there's a key political message here isn't the this is the e.u. This is Japan following a different path to that being followed at the moment by the world's largest economy yeah there isn't any I lost count of the number of times going through the official summit statements by e.u. And Japanese leaders how many times they said that Donald terse he said you know some are saying the time of isolation is coming again we're demonstrating that is not the case and he had a brick sit message to for the u.k. Saying you know some claim it's not worth being in the European Union it's easier to trade outside it again today we've shown this is not true they both the e.u. In Japan and remember these are 2 of the world's 4 biggest economies want to show that they are pressing ahead with free trade with a rules based system and importantly they are shaping that system by doing that by creating shared rules for auto companies for example they will shape the future of that trade in and see if a Japan this deal is succeeding where the Trans-Pacific Partnership collapse scrap by Trump does this tell us that Japan is looking at a world where maybe for them the u.s. Will be less important going ahead No I don't think so Shinzo lobby has been very clear that he wants to continue to pursue what. A deal with the United States he's also really pushing the idea that the Trans-Pacific Partnership can survive he is the one who's really led a regional initiative to keep it going even though the United States has dropped out in the hopes that one day the United States might come in again under a different administration he's really doing this with next year's presidential election in mind he has to fight back against accusations that he's really forgotten about the economy in desires to it to pursue other things on his agenda Syria Hatton and Damian Grammaticus You're listening to the world this week the program that tells you what happened in the past 7 days and why it counts coming up Italy demands held my guns once again sailed through it sure was seeking refuge and if you want to listen to us again or previous editions type b.b.c. The wall this week into your search engine. The fundamental question of our time according to Donald Trump is whether the West has the will to survive the American president in his 1st major speech in Europe delivered in Warsaw urge the continent to stand up to the challenges posed by Islamist terrorism extremism and government bureaucracy I asked our North America editor John Sopel for his assessment of Mr Trump's words I think this was an attempt to ally America with the fight in the West against the rest as it were and his enemies were various a curious ranging from North Korea which is kind of an easy to explain one to Russia it's interference in Ukraine but also saying that the values that the West were under threat from things like bureaucracy was that a veiled dig at the European Union as some people think it might have been no way any wiser as to what his world view is his world view is a very difficult thing to analyze because for anything that Donald Trump says you can find normally something that he has said which starkly contradicted on any number of different issues I think he is obsessed by the idea that America has been ripped off in world trade and that the rest of the world is laughing at America and his destiny his job has been put on earth to reverse that but in terms of the alliances that he makes he is a person who has done deals all his life he's done bilateral deals you know one to one with a builder who is going to build his hotel and he will be negotiating of what the price should be for building the hotel he's now in a situation where there are very flexible alliances and I think the big learning curve for Donald Trump is that he is not living in a world of bilateral relationships the world is very multilateral and interdependent and I think that that is something that doesn't quite conform to the maybe more simple worldview that he has and the darker elements in his speech in his worldview would you accept a sort of echoes of what he delivered at his inauguration speech. Yes but I mean you know again for every action and reaction for everything he says there is something opposite So yes he has this dark view that there are dangerous forces that are waiting to sweep our civilization the way he talked in the organ in or Gratian about the carnage in America and I think that that is partly to appeal to a base of his support who feel that the world has gone badly wrong and that something needs to happen to put it right and there are awful lot of people in America who think that and I think that is you know done to some extent for effect if and when he comes to choices real choices I mean if they take North Korea where he says you know something very very bad could happen I mean we may have a new president in the White House but the problems of what you do about North Korea and what the consequences of action might be do not change and I think that that is something that is the dawning realisation that you can't just say right this is a terrible thing we're going to sort it out the question becomes very quickly how are you going to sort it out and that is where it gets much more difficult and at the call of his philosophy underlying it all the way through has been this sense from imagine though that the west is under threat from Islam from elements of Islam Well I think that the language has changed slightly he used to berate Hillary Clinton during the campaign about why won't she use the phrase radical Islamic extremism as if there was a problem with is land he then went to Saudi Arabia a few weeks ago and I was on that trip with him and I listened very carefully to that speech in Riyadh and he talked about Islam missed extremism so he's changing as well a bit on all of this but yes you know he believes that that is why he's imposed this sort of travel ban from 6 mainly Muslim countries and that's it's being fought in the courts it's part of you know the diet of what he says the fear that there are people who want to undermine our civilization whether it is a war of the civilizations which a lot of Western leaders have sought you know they don't want to say that because they think that actually it is a perversion of Islam that is responsible for the violence I think Donald Trump has tempered his words there as well John Sopel. More than 100000 people have crossed the Mediterranean so far this year in search of a better life and 80 percent of them arrived in Italy as Turkey is now holding on to migrants instead of letting them into Europe more people are making for Italy instead the e.u. Is helping a bit it's giving money to Italy and to other countries including Libya the nerve center of the people smugglers operations I asked our Europe editor Kathy Adler just how bad the situation was Italy is under terrible pressure at the moment if you ask Europeans about the mike in crisis they tend to think about Greece and they think about 2015 and they think about primarily Syrian refugees and asylum seekers pouring over here but actually Italy says we've been dealing with this problem for a lot longer and because we I'm saying this an invented commas deal with it nobody's helping us and this is led to a lot of anger in various Italian governments Interestingly if we say 2015 was the year that we all think of the migrant crisis 2015 was an easy year for the Italian authorities in fact they had far higher levels of migrants arriving in 2014 than in 2016 and now it looks like to increase by about 25 percent again this year and of course this is as you say Italy issuing a cry for help and one of the responses at least initially was Austria saying Ok We're going to send troops to the border yes but again we have to see the big picture in the us N.G.O.s particularly who are at the forefront of dealing with the migrants feel very emotionally about this obviously because by the time they see these migrants they're in terrible distress they're being abused by traffickers they're being put on boats that are not seen where they are that often the traffickers know are going to sink but then we have a look at the more political side of things when you look at Austria's response it is very political Do we see streams of thousands even hundreds of migrants heading to the Austrian border of mentally No we do not what you have is a country that's heading into the election period and Austria. Politicians are very aware of the migrant in voters' minds and you will see a lot of European governments acting now politically Germany again heading into election season Italy will be heading for an election if not 2017 in early 2018 as well as it once again putting strain on the e.u. And quite what the stance from whether it does have a unified response unified position it's a massive strain on the e.u. And I think again if you look at N.G.O.s I mean just recent comments by Amnesty International very very critical of the e.u. Saying it's a weak response it's an insufficient response and so if you go to Brussels though and you talk to the European Commission which I do they say listen there's nothing that we can do really all we can do as the European Commission is suggest policies it is up to European governments to foreign policy and carry it out Italy feels very much that many other countries in the European Union say you know geographically this is just not our problem it's yours and that very unit hasn't yet delivered on what it was planning to do after 2015 wasn't when countries were meant to be taking their allocation of of refugees migrants whatever one might call them and they have in the Czech republic of Hungary Poland haven't done it no they haven't but again I think we have to be kept with mixing this up with what's going on in Italy at the moment because the idea of relocating migrants spreading them out more equally across the European Union was the idea of taking pressure off Italy and then Greece as well but these are people who are seen as vulnerable people there are refugees asylum seekers all those who've suffered abuse when we're looking at those arriving in Italy that primarily is not the case the issue that Italy is dealing with is predominantly young men who are looking for a better life mainly from with Africa also there we do see from Bangladesh many middle class people as well because they're the only ones who got the money to pay the smugglers I mean it is a story a problem a crisis that's not going to go away for Europe because we have huge inequalities in the world and the e.u. Even though individually in country. These people feel hard done by they want better public services than a filler ending enough money but compared to the lives that you'd be living in many African countries we are still very affluent and very privileged and so there is this pull effect and that's why you're coming to these terrible debates really from a human level in you circles which is do we invest in such a rescue missions because if we do isn't this a pull factor if we rescue migrants who are drowning in the Mediterranean is this going to encourage more people to come over. The palace of the side was once the symbol of absolute monarchy in France Emmanuel McCrone a president with an absolute majority delivered a 90 minute address there in the presence of members of the Senate and the National Assembly he told them he wanted to reduce their number by a 3rd reform labor laws and end the state of emergency his use of a sign the home of Louis the 14th the Sun King was criticized by Mr macro's opponents as a symbol of all Thora Tarion nature our correspondent in Paris you Scofield now reflects on Mr macros plans to remake fronts I bumped into an old neighbor of mine this week for the 1st time in a while Phillips again he's called and he told me something I hadn't realized he's been signed up with the macro night since the very beginning we've talked politics now and then over the years and it was clear that Felipe shares the outside world general critique of France's way of running its affairs its addiction to debt its inability to change its revelling in morbid self-doubt he represents the dynamic element in the French system thwarted eager for change waiting for a macro so no it wasn't really a surprise when he told me he'd signed up with the all marsh movement when it was 1st set up early last year and was the prime mover in one of their local cells near me in the 14th and on to some more so he must be delighted I said with the way it's all turned out but with macro in the Ellie's a and 300 something new all mushed M.P.'s in the assembly and reforms in the pipeline and everything going to plan Bliss it was in that dawn to be alive No Well yes and then Felipe looked at me in that this way he has and sucked in his breath through his teeth we shall see he said We shall see I know exactly what Felipe means Indeed I would say that wishing the president Sincerely All the best combined with a very healthy skepticism about his of. City to achieve it is the only rational response to the macro phenomenon there are millions who've been caught up in the macro energy field and as a sincere well wisher forefronts I count myself as one of them he's rational young energetic he's pulled off one of the most amazing coup in modern day politics anywhere and his diagnosis of what's wrong with France economically seems pretty sound hear him talk you want to be convinced you let yourself be convinced you are convinced and yet why is there in me still that little something that Nagel's in one of the recent documentaries on the man on French television there was an interesting exchange with a man who'd known him at c.m.o. Spoke the top notch political science school in Paris apparently mackerels weak spot was mathematics he wasn't as brilliant at it as he was at other subjects but in the oral exam for math the future president while admitting he hadn't technically got the right answer would try to argue his way out of it changing the terms of reference of the question for example explaining why in another set of circumstances he would actually have been correct chumming his way to approval when I watched him I know Michael gave his big speech to the joint houses of Parliament the other day invest sign I think I caught a whiff of that it's words words words he country's up an image then by the force of his conviction and with that perfect toothed smile he has you nodding like a toy dog in a car window what worries me is that at the heart of the macro mission is a man who believes so strongly in his own gifts that he genuinely thinks he can change the country and not just alter even by actual reforms but by talking people into a new moral frame of mind a new optimism and you sense of self belief. Now who's to say he's wrong after all the man's talked his way into becoming president of the country and he's talked the electorate a 2nd time into choosing a parliament of pliant Tyreese Who lot of the remotest resistance to his plans maybe he is the man of Providence that France has always depended on to get it through its crises I suppose that a man of Providence would look and sound like a macro but then a seller of political snake oil would look and sound like that too I can't tell the difference and neither can my friend Felipe and he was in there at the start you Scofield in Paris that's it from the wall this week for now if you've got any thoughts on what we've done or what you'd like us to do please contact us at b.b.c. World Service 5 Facebook or Twitter and don't forget to join Charles Havilland at the same time next week for a look back at what's happened in the next 7 days. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service and United States is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio content designed to engage inform and entertain crowd for the b.b.c. World Service bringing global news reach to an American audience because we live in an increasingly global rapidly changing interconnected world a.p.m. American public. You know I drive junky car solo this is Nina Totenberg when my husband and I were courting he was really scandalized by my very old 6 to 6 and when we were invited to a state dinner at the White House he said that I should rent a fancier car I refused of course it's amazing to think that I could turn that down card into my favorite programs go to k. R.c.c. Does the work keep or details. Friend of You Tube into the b.b.c. World Service in Central Jakarta this could be the Sam scape of semi stationary traffic you're immersed in right now from 14 months ago during rush hour you could have been moving twice as fast but they scrapped the car pooling scheme designed to reduce congestion on such an action we hear how some math and Google Maps helped reveal the benefits that previously flowed from carpooling That's all after the latest b.b.c. News b.b.c. News President Trump has hailed the g 20 summit in Germany as a wonderful success the summit final statement recognize the u.s. Decision to withdraw from the Paris climate agreement and its long term commitment to fossil few the 19 other leading nations declared that the accord was irreversible the Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro has praised the Supreme Court's decision to release from jail one of the country's main opposition leaders Leopoldo Lopez Mr Maduro that the country had sent him a message of peace but hours after returning home Mr Lopez urged his supporters to carry on protesting in the streets Iraqi government forces have been mopping up the final pockets of resistance from Islamic state militants in the Iraqi city of Mosul soldiers have celebrated in the ruined streets and civilians have emerged from wrecked buildings a state of emergency has been declared in the Canadian province of British Columbia where the authorities are trying to control dozens of forest fires thousands of homes have been evacuated. A March by dozens of supporters of the white supremacist group the Ku Klux Klan in the southern u.s. State of Virginia has been met by hundreds of jeering counter protesters the k.k.k. Members were taking part in an authorized March to protest about the planned removal of a statue of the u.s. Civil war leader General Robert e. Lee the Church of England governing body has approved a motion condemning the practice of giving treatment to gay Christians to alter their sexual orientation the Bishop of Liverpool's at the motion sent a strong signal that the church does not see homosexuality as a crime sickness of sin 1200 feet 500 enthusiastic driven from across Europe to attend a 60th birthday rally in Italy for the diminutive City Car b.b.c. News. Hope I'm right and peace in this week on Science of action we meet some of our feathered friends the ones that lived in the me says I like dinosaurs and I meet a nanotechnology is to take an inspiration from feathers for a new kind of color so these look for a shiny fantastic green color so this one's got an amazing Yes this is this beautiful color and we play some simple card games that will improve our children's mathematical skills these are preschoolers right there 4 and 5 it may not be time yet to sort of sit them down put them in front of a bunch of school like material and really kind of cram it into their heads but let's 1st joint click presenter Gareth Mitchell on the streets of Jakarta. Let's play a sound business I haven't done. Ages I tend to just do them if I go somewhere with that amazing sound so I think that the rush hour traffic here in Jakarta the capital city of Indonesia Well it qualifies for pretty amazing sounds. Good a world of clock cities because it is nonetheless legendary When Gareth recorded that Audioboo in 2015 the government had been running restrictions for 20 years that had banned cars with fewer than 3 occupants from to keep the roads their version of carpooling meant to keep traffic flow a bit freer but the measure was unpopular and last year at short notice it was abandoned that gave mit economist Ben oaken a chance to see the before and after effects of the policy which he told me it created an enterprising class of free lance passengers an unusual phenomenon that happened in Jakarta that probably doesn't happen in a lot of places where they have packed with the vehicle restrictions was the emergence of professional passengers they were known as jockeys and these are people who stand outside the entrance of the 3 in One areas and you could hire them for about 15000 or Piotr a little more than one. In u.s. Dollar they would get in your car and be the extra passenger you needed to make it into the 3 in one area I mean it sounds like a fantastically entrepreneurial spirit there's a lot of entrepreneurial activity in Asia this was the kind of madness that drives the Jakarta government to cancel this high occupancy threshold for some rides but that's given you a chance and actually to see what the effect on traffic is exactly we said well gee this is going to be a major change the traffic patterns in Jakarta and it's going to allow us to study what was the impact of these high occupancy vehicle restrictions you know not just on the roads where they were in place but kind of throughout the city and those kinds of major traffic realignments are pretty rare to be able to study those and because we had a week's warning right they announced in March that they were going to do this but it was going to take effect one week after the announcement date that one week give us enough time to set up a study of this in the great thing if you didn't actually have to sit there with another click comments are all something to count because through no we didn't we used Google Maps in the same way that when you're driving somewhere you can open up Google maps and say well how long will it take me to get from point a to point b. Right now and Google will tell you the answer based on anonymous data it's collecting from other users of Google Maps it'll say Well right now we know what the speeds are on all these different roads in all take you 12 minutes or 15 minutes or whatever so what we did is we set up our computers to query Google maps every 10 minutes for a bunch of different routes in the city and so we could say Well right now how long it would take to go from you know point a to point b. And we had that for a number of different points and then our computers kept doing that every 10 minutes both before the policy change and after the policy change and that allows us to get a really nice picture of how traffic speeds were during the business as usual. The period before they eliminated the high occupancy vehicle restriction policy and then every day thereafter throughout the day so there are a couple of roads in particular that you were looking at how long were these roads so the policy focused on 2 major roads in Jakarta they were about maybe 5 to 8 kilometers long each and they form kind of a cross shape in the center of the city and these roads are really the heart of the central business district they feature tons of high rises shopping malls the stock exchange government ministries they really are the heart of the city in a lot of ways so if I were to drive down these roads in the middle of the night at 3 o'clock and I guess traffic fairly free moving how fast would I be going how long would it take me to get down those roads you'd be going at about 32 kilometers an hour that means it would take you about 1.87 minutes to move each kilometer and then how bad can it get now after they've taken these restrictions off under the current system how long does it do that the worst part of the rush hour after they lift the restrictions in the worst part of rush hour it takes 5.3 minutes to move one kilometer which is you know only slightly faster than walking and the critical question then is is that worse than it was when they did have the restrictions in it substantially worse so before the restrictions it took about 2.8 minutes to move one kilometer and after their stations were taken away it took 5.3 minutes to one kilometer that's like 85 percent worse I mean that's a substantially worse was it just the area that these restrictions apply to that were affected I mean what was traffic being freed up on the other roads around that we're now coming down these limited roads no so that's actually I think the really surprising part of our study the thing you would normally expect is well gee if now kind of we make these mean roads open to everyone traffic that would have been on these. Other roads will substitute back to the main roads and then you'd expect the traffic on the other roads to become lighter and we find the opposite we actually find that traffic gets worse all over the city is there any chance that your findings will persuade them to revert to the old high occupancy rules you know I can't speak to the internal policy making decisions of the Jakarta government we've certainly share our findings with them my job in the Congress is to make sure people understand kind of what the data is what the tradeoffs are and the politicians make the political decisions Well I hope they're listening to you worldwide because that serendipitous experiment will certainly in lightning they'll find details of battle can study if they like in Science magazine this week links on our Web page at b.b.c. World service dog called decisions like that require some basic numerical skills and ability to appreciate and to use the numbers that went into Ben's calculations perennially complain that too many of us are innumerate and in many countries where children are the 1st generation to attend schools they won't benefit from the kind of parental support I had to get that 1st educational leg up simple counting games or card shake games all of which caught nurture our basic intuitive mathematical instincts. In India the press Educational Foundation has seen that many of the children struggle to access the math they encounter at primary school and they turn to have a developmental psychologist more Dylan to help devise a preschool program that would leave them better prepared the idea was to take these early emerging intuitive skills in number in geometry and foster them and encourage children to use them in exercise them with the hope that they might be able to more easily bridge those intuitions to their formal learning that they're required to do in primary school so you engage some kind of gaming was it with some of the children to try and develop in a subtle way the mathematical skills Yes So these are preschoolers right there 4 and 5 it may not be time yet to sort of sit them down put them in front of a bunch of school like material and really kind of cram it into their heads so they were card games they were over physical materials for a couple of reasons one is that physical materials are cheap but also this idea of having these physical things over which children can play the games makes an inherently social element to the game play which again we think was important for kids at this age and because this was a cyclist to experiment you also had 2 of the groups of children one who were just given the standard preschool curriculum and others who were given another kind of curriculum is that right that's right so in order to determine whether or not the content of our math games was effective in bolstering students' learning we had to compare their performance against 2 different groups so one crew who received the curriculum as usual we also had an active control condition they received games just like the ones we created with math content but the content was instead in the social domain so instead of engaging their intuitive numerical and geometric skills they were engaging their intuitive social skills for example their ability to follow the gaze direction of another individual or read that. Person's emotional expression and these skills are truthfully essential to success in early learning and so they were again truthfully presented to teachers and students as potentially helpful for their success early on in primary school and so is the critical question will you able to prove the mathematical abilities over the children who got the mathematical games we had 2 different kinds of outcome measures that we were interested in with these children we were interested in whether their intuitive sense of number and geometry could be improved the kind of thing that we were training in the games and the kind of thing that we think is important to building a foundation of knowledge for school mathematics we tested those skills and then we also tested the symbolic skills that kids are asked to learn in school for example their recognition of Arabic numerals their operations of simple arithmetic addition stuff like that their ability to identify shape properties and name shapes so what we found is that immediately after the intervention which is to say 0 to 3 months after the intervention kids who had received the math game treatment were better on both of those types of skills so they were really a lot better in their intuitive skills showing us that you know these games were able to both exercise and improve what they were aimed to train we found no such advantage in the children who had received the social the act of control the social games so 6 months after the intervention we saw a long lasting a sustained improvement in their intuitive skills these skills about estimating the number of dots in an array or identifying which shape doesn't belong with the rest based on some property those kinds of intuitive skills remained robustly improved in the math group and these improvements weren't present in the active control group but the advantage in the formal skills had disappeared by 6 months I mean it strikes me that there are 2 kill for this one is that you need to tweak. The kinds of games that you're doing so they match the primary school curriculum better or the primary curriculum needs to pick up on the skills you've given them to develop them better you're absolutely right so those are 2 avenues that were investigating if we're able to incorporate in our training not only the intuitive skills but also the opportunity to map those gains onto the formal representations that kids will be exposed to in their 1st year of primary school then perhaps they'll be able to carry that along with them further it's also possible that the curricular around the world are not all sort of strictly formal like the curricula in India so for example we're testing whether or not training with these in materials that build on intuitive skills might be more effective in contexts like in the u.s. Where the curriculum itself has a little bit more of that intuition built into it is not strictly formal Moyer Dylan who's just started a new post New York University where she'll be continuing this intriguing line of research my children actually 1st learned about science through their love of dinosaurs and our understanding of the history of dinosaurs has been hugely improved by a series of spectacular discoveries from China fossil sites like northeast of Beijing particularly our understanding of how feathered dinosaurs became the forum as of modern birds the University of Nottingham is hosting an exhibition with some of the best examples giving Rory Galloway a chance of a closer look at the ancestors of our feathered friends. Now when the dinosaurs were more beautiful and the more color for they are covered by fathers they saw while and then still moving around us they changed everything about dinosaurs that was Dr Wang Chih co-chair 8 of the dinosaurs of China exhibition highlighting how bird like some dinosaurs would have appeared and giving insight into how birds are modern day dinosaurs paleontologists noting in Natural History Museum Dr Adam Smith explains just how bird like some dinosaurs really were if you saw many of the dinosaurs in this exhibition walking down the street you would think look there's a chicken crossing the road this image of dinosaurs as massive chickens is incredibly recent in paleontology I want to understand how these fossils from China have been so instrumental in changing our understanding of how dinosaurs looked when Adam guided me through some of the fossils in the exhibition I was surprised that I could clearly see the feathers you can see it is very clear Tufts along the back here and along the tail of down the feather like material this is the fossil of a meeting theropod dinosaur sort of optics that lived in the quotations period in China and at that point it was the 1st feathered dinosaur that was ever known Sino Saurabh tricks or literally translated China dragon bird is a fair report it did have feathers but not for flight there are 2 key hypotheses about the origin of feathers The 1st is that maybe the dinosaur feathers evolved to keep the animal warm if it was in a cold environment and China at that time was relatively cold the other possibility is that you use these by those in the 1st instance for displaying and they were probably colorful and they might have been stripey and they might have used their colorful feathers to show off just like modern birds do as well and you can see all that in a fossil that's why these fossils are so incredibly important this is a rare example of a limestone with very fine preservation. That preserves soft tissues as well including the feathers and is particular to these deposits from like owning 5 inches in China is not the case of which came 1st the chicken or the egg rather which came 1st the feather or the bird it was the feather by the way but what was so special about lending province fossils that allowed us to see these feathers. Wang Chih is from this northeastern part of China especially in learning programs we have a very well preserved there as that's from the Cretaceous time we think that there will be a lot what Canales in their areas and then when they have the eruption they swear if one were candle ashes or just the corroborating this fine volcanic silt didn't just preserve dinosaur feathers but also clues to their behavior something not in universities animal taxonomist Thom Hartmann gets very excited by he's able to unpick some parenting behavior of dinosaurs that similar to that found in birds now they sat on their eggs or we're looking at over Raptor which name translates as egg thief because the 1st specimens found with an egg and they thought that it uniquely strange blunt skull was adapted for cracking open eggs and since this 1st fossil was found others have been found which are brooding its eggs in the same way as some birds do today so they were a good parent not an egg thief was originally thought the looks a lot like an ostrich with feathers over its body but instead of wings it had arms with claws and standing at one and a half meters tall It certainly wasn't getting off the floor the similarity between dinosaurs and birds was far more than superficial they eventually a branch of small theropod dinosaurs evolved into the birds that fly around today but curator Adam Smith say's if we concentrate on flight alone it gets quite difficult to know exactly which branch of the dinosaurs became our birds flight is really important and that's why evolves many times some of the earliest plying dinosaurs such as the micro up to actually had 4 wings not to 4 winged feathered dinosaurs and even the strangest way that dinosaurs evolved flight some didn't even use feathers a tall This is a replica of a dinosaur called in. But each She has a different type of wing much more like a bat swing with a membrane and that membrane was supported by long fingers it also has a bird like the feathers on its head and along its back and on its body now all birds use feathers to fly so each She is certainly not the direct ancestor of modern day birds but birds at the end of the Cretaceous had already started to evolve some of the features that distinguish them from the theropod dinosaurs so in the case of this bird here the compu so on yes it has a beat and it has feathers on its arms and honest tail but it also has huge hangs with 3 fingered hands and clones and these are obviously dinosaurs like how it is that we think that something like Archaeopteryx or my correct I might have been the ancestor of birds but they were around the same time exactly the case about 125000000 years ago they all share a common ancestor it is a very complicated story and that delineation between where a dinosaur ends and a bird begins is getting more and more blurred all the time so in the evolution of dinosaurs there's still more that we don't know that we didn't which is how I like my science Adam Smith ending that report from Wilton hall in Nottingham links on our Web page the displayed colors of some feathers was one aspect that Rory dwells on there who hasn't been dazzled at some time by the fans hail of a peacock with its shimmering blues to causes and golds the feathers of another family of birds the South American kid syngas are the inspiration for a new approach to colors I saw recently in Zurich like peacock tail feathers and butterfly wings the Katinka sparkling Blues have nothing to do with colored pigments and everything to do with their internal structure but unlike peacocks and butterflies which use order to raise of crystalline protein to reflect selected colors the could rely on random tangles of nano scopic barbs inside. The feathery filaments the easier it research is have captured this effect in nano sponge is made of metallic héloise intrigued to see the results and to understand the complex physics underlying it I dropped in on their labs I'm having landscape and working at the Laboratory for nonmetal the g. And h. There Rick that's so we can show you that we have so just give you an idea so these look for a shiny and then the this fantastic green move there's yet meeting green color yellow is it once so this one's got an amazing blue Yes this is this beautiful b. To color and they are how thin that he lay on top is just 300 Nonna meters 300 nanometers so not even a micron not even my son and no 100th the width or something of a human act and then the blue layer way you actually see the blue color this is just 16 on a meter stick that's extraordinary I mean I think the colors remind me of the kinds of colors you see on butterfly wings or all beetle shells exactly show raining colors so this colors really structural colors and so far no mention of surface plasma arms which I regard as a plus there the physics that underlies the power of this fantastically thin layer way less than a wavelength of light to impose its will on the spectrum the structures heading was showing me are effectively nano sponge is networks of holes and tubes threaded through metal which soak up light rather than water and has tiny tiny holes 10 on to me to more holes and the light is basically trapped within the souls of course the trapping is not the same for all wavelengths of light so for colors of light if you like so this generates the color that you see and how much control do you have over the color Well we can control the color over a large range of the color spectrum so if you go from left to right tilted a little and they go from a very. Yellow coppery colored were very yellow throughput of that's a beautiful purple one that ran it that dark velvet right in the middle purple believe light blue and then Skype and that's all basically made by the same process it's the same process just changing the thickness of the top layer from 10 on a meters to 16 on a meter is a tiny tiny scraps it's easy to do yes very very easy if you like I can show you how to do that yeah let's go up in the laboratory. Microphone cables trailing by my feet we headed up to the next floor climbed up the stairs and please. Don't use forms. Really. Where handing showed me the very simple chemistry needed to create these subtle colors coming here the metal coaching on the silicon sliver about to be treated was rather special but the regents about to eat into it with the very simplest So this is just a nationwide site course exhibitor. So you can do this in your kitchen. You Phyllis in year 2 or you. Can then we have also which is actually really really pure water proof because we don't want no dust when I listen to. This here. Money year. It's a very small profit loss and here we have samples as it is to see that it's just a shiny metal that we deposited with I was flattering to so you basically just evaporate a layer of a thin layer of evaporate on the silicon wafer a glass way for what ever you want you can even do it on a car door or an airplane as long as you fit the area in a shot of the airplane like this as long as you fit it into the position chamber if that would work so I will show you now quickly how it works they would then use. Set your time and I think we can go for 10 seconds ashing and then we let it rest for 20 seconds each in the water and we're done well Ok take it just a little on one you just don't then it's not a little sliver and you put it in with this is in there and then you will see that the reaction starts and you are see the coloring it's already discovery so this is it really just that you held it in there for 10 seconds seconds. It would go and we take it off and we just give the seconding the rest of. Settings so where it was just above the surface where the choices were it's still that well sort of that's how the great but the nice you have this extraordinary coppery color Oh and this little tiny little just at the edge of radiation there and that's just etching the surface isn't the thing special about the metal that you put on top yes the other you start with these sites that general of the groups ones of the network is an alloy you just got to it has 2 or 3 elements in there and you can control by changing this element how the network looks like the folks often if you take platinum and aluminum platinum is more normal than aluminum less reactive less reactive the lumen actually is very reactive within this solution and what actually happens is the aluminum gets edged out of the material and the film reorganizes in this network shape so this is that network then that gives the color Yes it's the light interaction with this networks that one defines the color feet as you come in the studio for a moment I've got here something which I want 3 to see. Your face this is one of the samples I mean Glinsky may want to show me. The plastic case little square of. A 0 is sort of Pinky blush metallic very shiny isn't it that's when I see on it as very shy and beautiful so I really fancy eyeshadow. So they really are impressive but what's a good full Roland Brown for looking at I did ask Henning that I mean there are a number of things one is colors that you're not going to get ever playing wings in course excited there's going to be problems there but for example these are so thin this is a 1000th of the hands with of material that's creating that color put that on to sports cars for example absolutely great not low light it wouldn't yeah I know and the other thing is it's soaking up light as well as reflecting somewhat and that's going to be really useful for solar power for example you can get much more soaking up of solar energy if you want to make solar panels so I think that's going to be another of the applications so it's not just a pretty thing anyway space absolutely watch this space that is from science in action with me run a piece and produce a fair Roberts thanks for joining us and do join us again next year listening to the b.b.c. World news on k or c c To southern Colorado's n.p.r. Station Kera c.c. Broadcast sun 91.5 f.m. From our studios in Colorado Springs Colorado you can also hear cares you see in the following communities 88.5 f.m. In West Cliff and Gardner 89 point one f.m. In La Hunter 89.9 f.m. In Lyman 90 point one f.m. In Manitou Springs 91.7 f.m. In Trinidad and Raton New Mexico.

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