Insta new JLI high temperatures this year July was confirmed as the warmest month ever recorded while almost 400 all time high marks were set in the northern hemisphere over the summer typhoon can move he is lashing the Philippines with torrential rain and winds of up to 150 kilometers an hour the powerful storm made landfall late on Monday felling trees and ripping off roofs one person is known to have been killed Howard Johnson is on the island of Luzon this is the 20th storm to hit the country this year they have a national emergency that's asked by council that pops out lots of information on phones this is a country that is well prepared when it comes to tie fares as was quote volcano is the House of all the Philippines so people here are well aware of them some people haven't made that way so if I Q a shelter some people believe that they could just set out and hope for the best Well news from the b.b.c. The campaign group Human Rights Watch says Bangladesh is failing to provide meaningful education for about 400100 children who fled from neighboring mi amor Human Rights Watch said there was no proper teaching inside refugee camps and children were barred from enrolling in schools outside them. The Global Peace Education tests have been published and once again China and Singapore have topped the rankings the tests measure their skills and knowledge of 15 year olds in reading Science and Math in almost 80 countries the most successful country in Europe is the small Baltic state of Estonia which performs much better than other the United Kingdom or the United States has Berman Geoffrey's a sample of teenagers in each of the countries which take part trying to solve real world scenarios to see how they apply their knowledge this time the main focus of the tests is reading skills and raise Schleicher the director of education for the o.e.c.d. Warns that too few teenagers have the high level literacy skills they need to navigate a complex digital world more broadly the test suggests that some of the major global economies might need to speed up the pace of improvement in education if they are not to be left behind ahead of its general elections next year New Zealand is introducing restrictions on foreign political donations and advertisement on social media legislation being introduced in Parliament will ban from donations worth more than $33.00 anonymous online advertisement will be prohibited. The u.s. Space agency NASA says India's Vik crim lunar lander has been found 3 months after it crashed on the surface of the moon the wreckage was identified by a member of the public after nursery released images taken by satellite and asked people to search for it b.b.c. News. You. Know making chuckle brigade's it looks like. At this time we are producing and to these are the fresh ones. And what do they feel like can I touch it do you feel the struggle because there's no need to go to sleep. It's 11 in the morning in Kampala Uganda tucked away in a classroom something quite out of the ordinary is happening students are running their own businesses. This group takes entrepreneurship very seriously. Is very key in making sure that our youth. They have the skills to. Businesses so that they can. Meet these. 6 in the world. Face is people fixing the well it's from the b.b.c. Well it's with me Sabra the program where we find the people innovating and solving problems around the out this week schools in Uganda students into entrepreneurs but why. I'm on my way to intended complex which is an east Kampala it's about 5 kilometers away from the city said and I'm going to talk to a couple of young people in their early twenty's about how use unemployment they are not employed they don't top the job and they're finding it quite hard to find one so I just want to know more about their struggles and why they find it so hard. Michael Hi I'm rather nice to me in my cause. He graduated from university last year so he already has a degree but despite that he's finding it hard to get a job. I've been in paid. Big bust when you're 12 months. Doesn't it bother you that you managed to get up so universal level education and still don't have the qualifications to get a job that you want. To get in the mix if you secluded you young you don't know what you're doing that's what they tend to see you don't have the experience right now I would get. That the green the courts and the lender has a degree in industrial obscenely 3 years of unsuccessful job applications she felt she had no choice but to go freelance in the fashion industry. Like you know I do every day to people who are willing to give the job to give you pity money elect not to want your time and thought you would get a job as soon as I go to compress course I think I was well established I have every right to say how we are so different what is a life if you don't know someone or know someone is very hard to get a job in the field of so many companies there and even if the company is right also the kind to keep everyone. Young people like Belinda and Michael a worried and fed up in fact the Uganda Bureau of Statistics says that in 2016 to 2017 that teen percent of young people were unemployed but many more are underemployed or in precarious an informal job. The last census showed that 3 quarters of the country's population are under 30 and a lot of them tend to plan b. They start their own businesses it's given Uganda the reputation of being one of the most entrepreneurial countries in the wild Charles or Chichi is the founding director of enterprise Uganda an institution that works with the government to teach business skills in terms of going into private sector and starting businesses Uganda is among the top 3 countries globally which is interesting which is very good unfortunately all countries also again rated but. In terms of sustenance of starting businesses in the market a lot of startups fail this isn't Uganda specific it's the nature of business but Charles says Uganda has a particular problem sustaining startups enterprises most of them as many as 80 percent within the 1st 24 months of being on the market and this is largely because it's one thing to start an enterprise quite another to round up the Enterprise in a manner that competes to fulfill expectations of the market the failure rate is a problem that Charles says can be solved with the right training the challenge as well has been that we have the response using one bullet one magic bullet which is give somebody some capital give somebody somehow not cut in on its own is not a sufficient we need to ensure that as people go into private sector they need to be given the necessary skills. To enable them to prove things that anybody who goes into private sector must fulfill. And that's where an organization called Educate comes in. Its essential enterprise that aims to tackle youth unemployment in Uganda by going into secondary schools picking out a group of students and teaching them to become entrepreneurs. And I say Dennis a secondary school it's trifling but it was yeah right this was. Rather than just encouraging students to hit the books it teaches them the skills to start their own businesses Good morning educate us. Know how to do we hold busy ties. I would like to introduce to you Ray on how team choose from there are 41 pick students 20 boys and 20 cows squeezed around 6 wooden tables they come every week for yet to lend leadership and business skills Oh. Well yes but in a case that was it was outside they play games to help build team spirit it's loud and friendly and brings them together. 10 minutes later back in the classroom where the students are about to begin brainstorming now Melinda is a teacher and mentor employed by educate She says it's important that children shape the businesses around the communities they live in can you tell me what they're doing right now we're looking at token we look at the different problems or challenges facing for example we're going to do British and. And thinking are looking back to all those different problems or how can this sort of those problems using our different projects to set up this business is so if there's a lot of waste paper route and because look to those used pads and making products to make them about specialists and different envelopes such that we gain would get money out of those paperbacks and then also some of the big problems of pollution and environment to distribution. The idea is that if you create a business that solving a problem it's more likely to last and by instilling these scales and ideas in school. Such a young age educate hope they'll have a better chance of success when they're older Well they're only 40 students are on the selective program there is another way more people can get involved educate also runs much bigger business clubs where the students mix with others and they all work together to build startups. What is that making chuckle because it looks like much at this time we are producing and so these are the fresh ones over here and what do I feel I can I can I touch it if. You want to produce job well 1st but don't freeze on the make shuffle but if you use the circle because there's no need of cutting trees these poor cats are made from kasama flour and the residue of charcoal that's already been bad can you tell me more about how you came up with the idea as he sat down in class the choice of things turning right yeah I did but the idea from home I came in but I like lessons. When I talk to them and then the men tend to move at your face and how to make it to where to be as far as a long period of time then after probably a bad idea it's harder to put into it took like to convince. Some students abuse but the plan to start businesses on their right and. I started a project such will you can really this is getting good luck a lot of the pupils he wants a salaried job but further down the line he can see him stop sucking up his day and business I said a good thing a chief in us so yeah but. I grew them up. And so do them and continue being given more and more and more right I know right now I have more than 100 children and are you making a lot of money from it yeah I try to make some money but soon so difficult goes to sustain them when we feed Simon seek me have to feed them have to do work and work so. The most expensive 3 of them but to use it for a medical list. Is it something that you think you'll continue wearing chickens is something that if you go for it seemed to be telling too I want to go near a bit on make a big foam on to the chicken you know so what I want a room that you folks when they go I make a foam which will faces a poetry good feeling but I'm really going to make a big phone he says none of this would have been possible without educate our 9 to 20 feet up in the ship's skis I had no idea if I could bring this thing but you treated it I was able to start up the project until I was soon successful and it's the confidence the self-assurance has helped get him thrive but he's not the only one who's benefited Adreno and patients are 2 friends who got together thanks to educate and have a business now say out of educate they we got the skills they taught us how to do things then we've got a fair is and we find out we have it turned into deployed team into this form projects not to mention business they collect plastic bottles that people would usually smiles and turn them into ornaments to sell them what sort of flowers team a. Lake or use what turns they found out that we can collect the plastic but that is also a part of cleaning and we have found man then we tell them to make now as the flowers would go to things they could then but people relate to. Educate ask each school to contribute between $50.00 and $130.00 a year towards that costs that's only a fraction of the running costs the rest is made up from donation. I wanted to know what's happened to solve educated peoples off of the black school and what are the lessons on capital investment profits and losses have made a difference to the businesses that are set up. And how are you. Say this is your home. Yeah Jackson is an x. Educate people he went on to university where he met another guy called Calvin could also be true educates program now they're in business together that company is called Rock of God and what is it that you do yeah in for training industry training and we have started this you know 30 years you know you're in this profession when you're running trainings so you're trained to reach out to the community outside the platform because shown brickmaking you have a big king so we're doing a lot of things so one of the exciting projects that of all course is that students take on what is in fashion and design and is it in this compound and no no one truly. Since I need a 15 minutes drive right well let's go yeah let's go. So this is when you all function and design. Plays a place where we have a little space. Why we're located where ships it's going to help us do what we do. I'm praying. For her and what is this material it's done much to you right what was white in color so I used to and I to make of these 3 different colors How long have you been doing this for the one. I want to get enough experience still kill minister with them for me yes. Jackson's business model to an extent mimics educate both fame to scale up the unemployed in Uganda but there are 2 main differences the fast Jackson's clientele students people are paying him for the training the 2nd unlike educate his business is set up to make a profit and above all help him and a living he has 8 people working for him and he says none of that would have been possible without educate educate help me with bringing a look to exposure to me for example how to business. If you get to the region. That's why I. Like this Before educate did you have any idea what you want to do after education I wanted to be. An accountant. As you know the high levels of unemployment in Uganda and so it's bitter. And you can't. Continue business I'm happy being my own voice and being. Who look up to me and the people I work with. It would seem that educate is having a positive impact on young people but not everyone who goes through the program wants to run their own business even these people can benefit says educates deputy country director how it may be a that's something they're very aware of and Alba role is to make sure that as we are creating into printing a way but we also preparing our students with the skills that I require by the labor market other people would love to be employed. So if they love to go into employment they given the right skills to be able to much what is needed in the market but also the other thing is that we also want to make sure our students are also still going to school so even if it means we have less interpreting less but we have more students going through move higher education institution and making sure that we are increasing that number that also makes us happy. Educators has commissioned to see what impact they're having they've worked with independent researchers from around the world in 2012 they ran a randomized control trial. Found students who'd been through the educate program were more likely to own a business but it didn't find evidence that it affected the quality of the businesses or how long they lasted and why now had a positive impact on savings behavior and self efficacy that students confidence in their abilities they could identify any impact on financial literacy and business planning. Now educate has commissioned a 2nd r.c.t. For a follow up by the University of California Bakley in the Us poor guy is a professor of economics at the university and one of the researches. Well. Educated is quite an impressive. Organization and seems to have very large facts on the lives of adolescents we followed about 2000 students for 4 years we found things like much better able to deal with stress. Conscientiousness and openness had improved their ability to see Munich aid have improved to negotiate had improved in terms of whether them were likely to be starting successful business is that nost Pool fans it's too soon to say he's still following that progress a large number of them were still in college when we've been back after 3 and a half years we now have we're now going back next summer to find them after 8 years and there is another area that both pool and the alley study found particularly interesting the program has a big impact on Gauss them boys and it's not just their ability to stop businesses and and money they saw a significant shift in attitudes. We saw changes in social norms especially attitudes towards towards violence towards women and women's role that man who partnered with women reported that women had should have their own say over there whether they worked or not website the work they did we found less recorded intimate partner violence in essence I think the way we saw it was what educate did was give these high school students the means and ability to take control of their lives supplant what they were going to do and to execute that not be deterred by temptation I wanted to know if he thought there were any areas where educate could improve one thing that struck him is potentially extending involvement to help people off to the finished education and all setting up businesses they hope with the put them on the family if educate really focused on business creation and management it would in bad a few of these hard skills into its great dilemma and we've been talking with that one of the great things about educating us how flexible and dynamic they are they're always interested in improving and being that Amec to upgrade what they're doing by the sounds of it educate aids helping young people in Uganda and then now in more than 850 schools that had contact with 85000 students that and people are taking notice so much say that educate has now made its way into Kenya and Rwanda where it's working with the government. Back at Rocky Mount headquarters as co-founder Jackson reflects on how far he's come liquidity of late 5 priests to be. Capito ever in life is having people besides you saw in this kind of business we have met a lot of people we're meant. To go he says we have to be the organization to me that what having it up to people that when is enough my desire and given this desire is to make these pretty very big fruited. One group. But starting with East Africa. Would any of this have been possible without educate them truly because even meeting. The one that we have the same vision we it was because of educated so meeting him it was because of educated I wouldn't have met him and this thing wouldn't have existed last educate seems to have had an impact in their lives Charles from Enterprise Uganda says there's much more that can be done to tackle the fundamental problem which is youth unemployment. Structure. For a couple of reasons but one we have high. People. People are. Few. And for them to get. An independent. Over getting those people frustration. From people fixing the well this week if you enjoyed the program then check out where you can find not. One that I like is how Ethiopia is training messes to do. That carried out thousands of sections and helped reduce the number of women dying and child by Ha. We'll be back next week with another solution until then good bye. Distribution of b.b.c. World Service in the us is supported by Dana Farber Cancer Institute discovering the p.d.-l one pathway gave the world a revolutionary new way of treating cancer and other breakthrough from Dana Farber Dana Farber. Everywhere and 4 x. Dot com helping traders find opportunity in currency trading for over. 4 x. Dot com It's your world trade training involves significant risk of loss. If you're listening to the b.b.c. World Service are not under lock and key away from gazing on ice films involves the No one to watch artists prevented from singing their own easy to date we're talking about how big money is forcing culture underground out in Business Daily let me tell us in 40 after the latest world. B.b.c. News heard Jerry Smit the Turkish president has started to stop NATO his plans for defending the alliances Baltic members unless a back Sanker in its find against Kurdish groups Turkey considers them turn to organizations that are our most as NATO leaders are preparing to mark the alliance his 70th anniversary at a summit outside London. France has called the latest tariff red from Washington unacceptable and said there would be a strong e.u. Response the trumpet ministration is threatening to impose billions of dollars worth of taro some French goods because of a plant tax on u.s. Take companies. Provisional figures suggest that the 2010s has been the hottest decade since records began with the rise in temperatures driven by human activity the estimate was published during the u.n. Climate summit in Madrid typhoon has made landfall in the Philippines causing widespread destruction heavy rains and powerful storm winds have forced hundreds of thousands of people to seek shelter. The Micronesian president says tackling climate change will require an effort greater than the 2nd World War David Parnia also said China and the United States should lead the efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions Bangladesh has been criticized for not providing meaningful education for hundreds of thousands of Ranger children who have sought refuge in the country Human Rights Watch said this left them vulnerable to exploitation and poverty North Korean state media has shown the country's leader Kim Jong un opening a vast construction projects near Mt back to saying he was working to turn it into Utopia under socialism his father is alleged to have been born there and the region is used to mythologize in the Kim dynasty and says the Indian moon learned that crashed on the lunar surface in September has been located and that's the b.b.c. News. Hello I'm Thomas in Ford welcome to business daily from the b.b.c. If I thought music in films are meant to be seen and listened to then why is so much of it hidden today which Oking about the billions of dollars worth of paintings sculptures and odd stored out of you in tax free warehouses when a single soul gets to see them I like to say that this is the storage equivalent of a swift bank account right when you put things in they sort of disappear from regulatory scrutiny nobody knows who owns it nobody knows how much is there what it's value that and it's not just art it's happening to me and movies t.v. These films that were meant to be shown in theaters and for another company who had nothing to do with their inception certainly nothing to do with their stewardship or protection over the years to tell you that the only way to watch them is through a streaming service they control it just feels very wrong have we got to a stage where commercial interests are more important than cultural ones that's all in business daily from the b.b.c. . The Mexico. This year Disney ball all the film and t.v. Assets held by 21st Century Fox The $71300000000.00 It's one of the biggest media manages the world has ever seen we're talking about the entire Fox catalog movies like Moulin Rouge Fight Club the Alien films The Princess Bride. Was very curious why Farakka Shakya were the deal also included film rights to set in French ises owned by folks such as x. Men and Fantastic 4 as well as a host of us cable and satellite companies it means the chances of you watching one of these films in your local art house cinema a slipping away fast no more nostalgic movie nights watching classics like this is just a jump to the little. I've got to. Thousands of small independent cinema is around the world rely on screening these old classic movies on house or Repertory Theatre is a slowly finding their access to folks titles withheld by Disney Disney wouldn't comment on this when we reached out to them but since they bought 21st Century Fox in March it has gradually been informing cinemas one by one Chris Kolya is the executive director of revenue which runs the Princeton garden movie theater in New Jersey in America. He says it's already affecting their business you know it really limits what we are able to show and it takes a wide swath of history away and there are a number of different titles that we show you know from family films to Hollywood classics to midnight titles to even special events we've had local authors and professors who want to show particular titles and talk about them and it becomes really complicated to figure out which ones are available and to have the whole Fox catalog which is a huge part of film history completely vanished from our lists is is really upsetting because there are so many great films that we want to be able to show and yet really do is a challenge to our business and in terms of the ACTU revenue streams for you cinema how will this affect that special programs like these repertory titles make up a 3rd sometimes you know depending on the season almost a half of our income and access to these titles is super important if we don't have the ability to show certain films then that side of our model vanishes and we become reliant on other issues and why do you think Disney's doing it I mean I know that they have their streaming service and I can understand you know that they I mean Disney has always kept their films under lock and key which I wish they would release those 2 not just the if they're reviewing the fox policy I wish they would look at their policy too because there are so many classics in the Disney vault that we would love to show I know that there have got their new Disney plus but these films the classics in the Fox catalog and Disney's titles are meant to be seen on the big screen in the dark with other people uninterrupted and they shouldn't just be for sitting at home and watching individually and on some straw. Device but isn't this just business sense by withholding movies Disney is fueling to moaned and demand is a key ingredient when you're filling something film chrissake and film a cask out to 4 year says it's not morally right what bothers me is these films not being seen the way that they were intended to be seen Disney just launched their own streaming service and they put all of these canonical Disney titles that they've been more than happy to sort of shun for years I mean films like The Ugly docs in which if you haven't heard of it there's a reason for that they have not needed you to know about it but now that they have the streaming service they have a way to control how you see the product that's what bothers me they're these films that were meant to be shown in theaters and for another company who had nothing to do with their inception and certainly nothing to do with their stewardship or protection over the years to tell you that the only way to watch them is through a streaming service they control and they've already proven that they'll be altering these movies they've changed the aspect ratio on some of the television programs and they appear to be editing some of them for content it just feels very wrong it feels. Like something that shouldn't be allowed and I feel like people should be more outraged at this I mean you know these are admittedly extremely privileged problems but we are talking about the history of a singular and important medium and why do you think Disney's doing this is it all about Disney Plus So is this something else I think it's. A sort of a canary in a mine to see what can be gotten away with without sort of sparking public eye or the more that you begin to place more of your hand over media were content to her you want to talk about it the more I think you can get away with having control over more of the way that the public consumes things I think that the more that the disney. A corporation can start having control over whatever forms of media or however they want you to experience it the more dangerous and an awful precedent is being set the idea that future generations won't be able to see whatever the films are Young Mr Lincoln by John Ford is in the Fox vault which means it's now in the Disney vault and the idea that younger people won't be able to see that simply because it may wind up on Disney plus someday is reprehensible. From Catholic films stored in a vault to breathtaking most of pc's locked in darkened tax free warehouses It's estimated that billions of dollars worth of paintings sculptures gold it's a still would in free ports all around the world secured tax free storage facilities that exist outside of any jurisdiction where no one can enter without an appointment Jones Aerobat is an associate professor at the University of San Francisco and has been studying the role of free people in the global economy no one knows the actual size of it but it is a burgeoning and proliferating set of storage facilities around the world which tells us that there's more stuff being put into those all the time. Just give us an idea of how it works you story a piece of work or a collection and the idea I guess is to make a bunch of money. I like to say that this is the storage equivalent of a Swiss bank account right when you put things in they sort of disappear from regulatory scrutiny nobody knows who owns it nobody knows how much is there what it's value that right in effect if you ship a work of art to a Freeport you're not shipping it to another country you're shipping it to a space in between and so therefore all of the regulatory mechanisms that happen in any given country don't apply to that So yes you can do transactions in Freeport without there being any sales tax but you can also needless to say avoid import or export taxes because it's not actually being imported or exported all she's already one of the mice unregulated industries in the world but the role of free people in the global oil market takes place reading one step further that doesn't age right well I mean the fact that art is a relatively unregulated transfer of assets is an advantage I think if you're talking about the way in which folks in news reports in order to hide their assets right needless to say that's what offshore bank account is designed to do but if you want to say diversify your holdings if you want to transfer value a work of art could serve as a token a value which could be transferred across spaces and that value could be turned in at another location but what is so wrong in storing a lot in one of these tax free warehouses when an element of an art collector is to make money. Well indeed right we always we always think of art collecting as a kind of perhaps an aesthetic or. Philanthropic endeavor as a kind of transfer of cultural assets that goes through a private channel but is the bench really thought to be for the public good I think when we think about storing art in Freeport we can see that there's another dimension of collecting and it's always been there but it now you know emerges naked because in some sense if you put your art into a storage facility and particularly if you leave it there for 25 years you're not investing in art as a social good you're investing in it as an asset right and so it's not a sense of your interest in culture or your love of beauty it's really that you're trying to make money on it and you know needless to say I think those were always shared aspects of our collecting but this sort of took us away from those you know the one for person who amassed large collections in order to give them to museums or or open their house as a museum this you know shows us that there are collectors who are simply in it for the money but some people are pushing back in one penny in southern France and museum has opened with a radical new objective to make works Avant stored in these free ports or even in private collections public French grace and Nicholas Barrios launched moco de clicks this summer technically a museum without a collection if you know you've been asked this or a Montreal whatever it's all Francis Bacon it's not enough we're all it's nothing. Office just very it's negative it's the human activity which is based on the relations between one and some people it's always one person one is does no audience just doesn't know. It's nothing else than vestment an office not supposed to be best it's one policy of it's that or schools but you know it's just stuck to the book of reading once you read. So if a lot that is not visible can no longer be coerced as Art what about me Zick that is not sung. To. Get. We're talking Taylor Swift and her fight with Scooter Braun the pop megastar was signed by big machine records when she was just 15 another 15 years later excuse a Braun for the record company and last month she claimed a mother publicly all over social media that Braun wouldn't let her sing her own songs at the American Music Awards hash tag I stand with began trending worldwide on Twitter born received death threats then denied gagging Swift who did end up singing her own music at the A.M.A.'s arguably reshaping the music world in the process music industry lawyer Erin Jakobsen says these fights do happen just not usually in the public arena record labels really have no control over an artist live performances or the compositions that can be used the compositions are controlled by a music publisher and their performances are licensed by the performance rights organizations and in the us that's usually ASCAP and b.m.i. In the u.k. That's p.r.s. And what happened here was really more unique to the personal feud between the parties and apparently one side potentially trying to use leverage against the other side I'm not about when record labels hold back albums preventing them from being played is something that we see fairly often it can happen it's one of those things that usually doesn't hit the press those are the sayings that. Usually get swept under the rug or pushed behind the scenes so that we don't hear about that or that we can't always talk about publicly I think a good public example of this although it's been a while since that happened was when Prince had a really public dispute with his label and that was during that period of time where he would only go by the symbol and you know he was very vocal about how he felt he was being oppressed and not being able to release music record labels who often make business decisions about whether they want to release something or whether they want to hold something back and it does happen and I someone who would choose the music industry closely what kind of effects do these things have on and on the music industry I think this situation in particular with Taylor Swift will create a lot more awareness for artists about signing to a label and what that means and in some cases a label can help an artist grow we've certainly seen labels that have helped artists become superstars but in other cases the wrong label could stifle an artist career based on whether that's not really releasing something or releasing something or just not supporting their creative vision trying to put them in a direction which is not true to their artistic vision again these are business decisions based on what executives often think and again in the Taylor Swift situation and it's very unique because she has such a strong fan base to support her but not every artist has that. So if you're the likes of Taylor Swift then the corporate world really is no match for you but what if you're not the highest earning celebrity on the planet Well you've probably got no chance it's clear that commercial interests and big money really do have the power to drive you your artwork or your movies into a dark place where no one can see or hear them I'm Thomas in for to our producer today is for a little easy if you want to get in touch with me I'm on Twitter and from all please download our business daily podcast. And now in the b.b.c. World Service it's time for witness history with me Alex last each day firsthand accounts of events that shaped our world and today using rare archive we go back more than 100 years to one of the most astonishing epic tales of bravery and survival it's the story of Ernest Shackleton and the crew of the insurance marooned in the end tock tick. In December 19 11428 men led by the Polar explorer Anish Shackleton set off in the ship the insurance on an expedition to become the 1st to cross the Antarctic continent but to reach the Antarctic the ship 1st have to plough through fields of floating pack ice for $29.00 days she crashed pushed and wriggled the ship from the ship's Captain Frank was kept a diary a series of northeast gales had packed the I spent together and this time he enjoyed it cannot break from my general 915 at they sail from the Antarctic the insurance had become trapped in the thick field of floating pack ice unable to free the ship too far from land they had little choice but to wait for the ice to melt for the next 9 months they remained stuck fast frozen in the ice while the floating ice field slowly carried them more than a 1000 miles north and when spring returned there was no escape instead the weight of the shifting ice began crushing the hull of the ship in the 1950 s. And sixty's surviving members of the expedition spoke to the b.b.c. What was your 1st indication that she was in trouble well really I discovered around of the Stop the cordon and lifted a bodily as it was and then she listened very heavily to court and the chambers began to crack their own it was there like every Filofax and blasting of guns how did your funds in the shadows at the time. The ice was closing in and he had to abandon ship very cool and collected. He sent Frank wild along forward to our quarter's who'll explain to us that it was a case of get out and to pack our bags for the necessary equipment we required clothing blankets extra socks mittens and to be prepared for any emergency the crew managed to get supplies in 3 small 20 foot lifeboats off the ship then the insurance crumpled and went on they had no radio there was no way to raise the alarm no one knew where they were they considered trying to make their way on sled over the pack ice to reach land but that proved impossible so for another 5 months they camped out on big slabs of floating ice cold ice floes hoping the ice field would drift closer to land we had supplies for a month or 2 when we left the ship that Lee is still. Killing seals thank you and as much as possible but as we got further north they got more scarce consequently we had to rely on one or 2 of the skids to a chill House give us their 8 chaff did you have to abandon time off to look at the ice fields with rolled up under you frequently I remember on one occasion the ice began to crack under us it cracked under the main stand with the right of us turned in the end one poor chap one of Hollis dropped into the water shattering Mendo red to manage living day and we won tremendous jerk jerked him out of a mortar on the prove his argument and undoubtedly saved the man's life. But instead of thanking the boss but I mean he saved his life the 1st words of a man utterly with Go done it I've done the back of they had to find solid land somewhere they took to the 3 small lifeboats and weave their way through the maze of ice floes. An iceberg looking for a path out into open sea of the 6 days they finally made it to Elephant Island a bleak uninhabited rocks sticking out in the Antarctic Ocean and when they saw I was a lot island which we were like in 4 'd in the boats. Everybody cheered and we pulled as hard as we could to make our landing was the 1st solid land that encountered in over a year they made a heart out of tents and upturned lifeboats but someone had to go for help or they all would die Shackleton Frank was Lee The ship's captain and 4 others set off in one of the 20 foot lifeboats if you gave them a chance of survival because they hoped to sail the tiny boat 800 miles 1300 kilometers across the Antarctic Ocean to reach the whaling station on South Georgia by now it was April autumn becoming winter in the Antarctic they faced mountainous sees. The full tossed interminably on the big waves under great threatening skies we ate our scanty meals treated our frostbite and hoped for the improved conditions that the model might bring At times the boat covered in ice was almost swamped by a towering wave I shouted for God's sake hold on it's got us then came a moment of suspense that seemed drawn out into a worse white such the form of the picking see around us we felt our boat lifted and flung forward like a cork and breaking surf we were in a seething chaos of tortured water but somehow the boat lived through it half full of water sagging to the dead weight and shuddering under the blow we baled with the energy of man fighting for life flinging the water over the sides with every receptacles that came to our hands and after 10 minutes of uncertainty we felt the boat we knew her life beneath us somehow after 16 days at sea captain Frank wordly had managed to navigate them to within sight of so. But as they approached they were caught in a hurricane the storm forced them to land on the uninhabited side of South Georgia to reach the whaling station they now have to cross the huge uncharted mountain range we can half starved just 3 sets out Shackleton Wesley and the sailor Tom Crean I look turn a sheer precipice to a chaos of crumpled ice 1500 feet below there was no way down for us the country to the east was a great snow a plant sloping upwards from a distance of 7 or 8 miles to a height of over 4000 feet to the north it fell away steeply and last years into the base and to the south it was broken by huge falls from the inland ice sheet our path lay between the glass ears and the phones 36 hours later after climbing peaks and sliding down mountains stretching past Prevacid is in through a freezing waterfall they managed to reach the whaling station and raise the alarm it was made $916.00 some 18 months after they'd set off but it would be 4 months more before a rescue mission could reach the $22.00 men stranded on Elephant Island and they were running out of food the hut was cramped and dark and dirty we hadn't been able to wash shave valves or change our clothes for nearly 12 months we spent most of the time in the sleeping bags we were very hungry and food was very short and all our thoughts all our dreams all our conversations were about food but in August 1918 Shackleton and the rescue boat did finally make it back in was a day that none of us will ever forget we were sitting down to a magnificent male only see the bones the same way the Libyans when from the men on duty outside we heard a sudden yell there's a there's a ship heading with the light a flare up with forgot all about our wonderful meal we made one dive for the door those are good men so the door went through the side we made our way down to the sea show. And in a few minutes shackled up as a monk says nothing and smiling like an excited schoolboy to think that the last he had rescued us we were all safe and well despite its own not a single member of the party was lost the rescue did make headlines at the time but was soon swamped by events that were happening back in Europe in the 1st world war and yet 100 years on the exploits of Shackleton and the insurance is still regarded as one of the epic feats of survival Shackleton was a wonderful man and a wonderfully when him his men always came 1st he was the most unselfish man I have ever met. And we who served with him I think we're all a better for having known him and when he died we lost the best training we ever had. That's it for this edition of witness history with me on its last for more of our history programs just search online for b.b.c. Witness history this is the b.b.c. World Service and we're taking a trip to this sea site meet chairman one I want to make Don't most spectacular city it all or try to do more spectacular city in a whole Wolf he's the Chinese tycoon who built an ocean in town 1500 kilometers inland it's been called China's 1st privatized city but what does that mean it's Mari the whole city is my Emperor complex at b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service our technology reporter Zoe Kliman told us more I asked our Washington Correspondent Chris Buckley or what was in this onslaught Europe regional editor Mike Saunders is here in the studio that speak to our China Media analyst Terry Allen from b.b.c. Monitoring on air online and on Smart Phone This is the b.b.c. World Service the world's radio station. 10 am in London 5 am in Washington 1 pm in Nairobi this is Dan Damon at the b.b.c. . As NATO marks its 70th anniversary at a meeting in London today Turkey has threatened to block plans for Baltic defense unless it gets support for its fight against the Kurds for friends that need to or to not recognize this terrorist organizations whose weaken set of terrorist organizations and with whom we carry out face against terrorism and excuse me we will stand against steps that will be taken there meanwhile President Trump says he sees France breaking off from NATO amid a growing trade war and France has threatened us tariffs are unacceptable the European Union could retaliate elsewhere hundreds of thousands of people in the Philippines of taken shelter as a powerful typhoon lashes the island of Luzon those stories after the news. B.b.c. News Hello this is Gerry Smit NATO is beginning a summit in Britain to market 70th anniversary with tensions on Open View Turkey's president ready of tired earlier and says he'll oppose the alliance his plan for the defense of the Baltic if it doesn't back Turkey over its fight against groups it considers terrorists Jonathan Marcus has this report Turkey is effectively holding hostage a response plan for the rapid reinforcement of the Baltic republics until all other allies accept the Turkish view of Kurdish separatism a step that few of them are willing to take since it would bring NATO into what is in part a domestic security problem differences over the Kurds have already prompted a bitter round between Ankara and Paris to this turkey's unilateral actions in Syria and its purchase of a sophisticated Russian air defense system an extraordinary step for a key NATO player and you have all the ingredients for a full blown crisis between Ankara and the Alliance Francaise were in the United States that the latest threaten tariffs on its exports are unacceptable on Monday Washington promised to slap tariffs on French luxury goods after accusing France of planning a discriminatory digital tax on profits earned by u.s. Tank companies under Walker reports the u.s. Announcement is the 2nd example this week of the very assertive approach to trade pursued under President Trump he had already said that additional terrorists would be imposed on steel and aluminum from Brazil and Argentina there are retaliate retirees already in place against France and some other countries in a separate dispute over the European aircraft maker Airbus the French digital tax reflects concerns that big multinational companies in technology and other industries are not paying enough tax there are international discussions on this issue which include the u.s. But France decided not to wait for an agreement scientists say they're almost certain that the decade since 2010 has been the hottest on record the Provisional figures released by the World Meteorological Organization.