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Transcripts for KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] 20191217 010000 : vimarsana.com
Transcripts for KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] KRCC 2 [BBC World Service] 20191217 010000
Move the end of the transition period beyond December 2020 he has our political correspondent in Watson government sources say that having a hard deadline will also focus the minds of both sets of negotiators on achieving a deal but critics say that's a relatively short transition period opens up the possibility of leaving with no trade deal at all with the u.k. Then reliant on World Trade Organization rules the opposition Labor Party's breaks it spokesman secure Starmer told the b.b.c. This was reckless and irresponsible and she argued that Boris Johnson was prepared to put people's jobs at risk officials in the Netherlands say the country's most wanted fugitive has been arrested by police in Dubai Ridder one target who was born in Morocco had been sought on international arrest warrants for murder and drug trafficking and a Holligan revolts ridden one time one international notoriety back in September when a Dutch lawyer for a witness in a case against him was shot dead in broad daylight outside his home in a police union said at the time that this confirmed the Netherlands was becoming I'm not states run by the drug mafia the 41 year old was picked up entering Dubai with a fake passport leading Democrats in the Us Senate Chuck Schumer says the expected impeachment trial of Donald Trump would be a cover up if it didn't hear from creepy White House officials but several Senate Republicans have said that they would prefer a short trial without witnesses you're listening to the latest world news coming to you from the b.b.c. . A Brazilian comedy on Netflix depicting Jesus as a gay man has prompted widespread anger in the country almost $2000000.00 people signed one of several petitions demanding the streaming service remove the film are America's editor Candace Pitt reports in the 1st temptation of Christ created by the Brazilian comedy group part of this fund Jesus is portrayed as an uncertain teenager bringing home his presumed boyfriend to meet the Holy Family an arrogant God despises his father Joseph and has an affair with his mother Mary this isn't the 1st time part of this when this is angered Christians the group which says it's inspired by the British comedy team Monte Python won an International Emmy Award last year the prize went to its annual Christmas film which depicted the Apostles waking up with terrible hangovers after the Last Supper thousands of protesters in the Gambian capital Banjul have called for President Adama barrow to keep his promise to quit after 3 years in office and step down next month he came to power as the head of an alliance of parties opposed to the former autocratic leader yard Jamey the University of a pooja in Nigeria has dismissed one of its lecturers over sexual harassment a female student alleged that the lecturer a professor had demanded sex in exchange for marks the university said it had acted after reviewing the report of a panel set out to investigate the allegations the French culture minister says his government will return artworks taken from been in during the colonial conquest of the region by 2021 franc reste it was speaking on a visit to the West African country fronts promised last year to send back 26 pieces now in the Brantley Museum in Paris without delay but been in said it needed time to build a proper exhibition facility and that is the b.b.c. News. Hello welcome to business matters I'm Jamie Roberts and on the program today Boeing suspends the production of its 737 Max as the day when it will be certified to fly seems to stretch of a further into the future and how long before we're going to live in a world where men and women work live and are governed equally a touch under 100 years according to the World Economic Forum will work out whether we couldn't move things on just a little bit faster about taking agenda lends to what he knew all delivering what you're designing wealth is why it's so imperative for private sector to be giveth a team and inclusion as a central business strategy. Joint throughout the program by 2 guests on opposite sides of the world as ever peace and receive an economist at the University of Maryland joins us from Washington Peter thanks for being with us nice to be with you yet and in Singapore Stephanie you went to his joint managing partner. Or Stephanie welcome lovely to be back thank you Jamie. Now bowing to temporarily suspend production of its 737 Max program beginning next month now the 737 let me give you a bit of history the max was grounded worldwide in March after 2 fatal crashes. In the Java Sea last year and an Ethiopian Airlines plane that is Avatar in March killing $346.00 people deliveries were stopped production there continued albeit at a slightly lower rate since then some $400.00 you are craft are being built but they've just been shoved off into storage now production is to be suspended as for the workforce the company said it is all planned that affected employees will continue $77.00 related work or be temporarily assigned to other teams on the market shares in Boeing or fallen by more than a 5th since March but still above the level at which they started the year today though investors turned against the stocks and even down about 4 percent about 4 and a half percent in fact I also Michael. Boyd who is president of aviation consulting firm Boyd Group International to describe the pressure of a Boeing was on the moment they're putting out $42.00 airplanes a month 42730 seven's per month that have no place to go we figured that about 400 already produced that can't be delivered because they need to be modified and we're not sure what that modification is yet why is so process of getting them back in the air getting them certified again why is it taking so long you know no one really knows we the sought this for the software issue that was in March we're coming on to almost a year now and we're still not sure I think one reason that we have too many regulatory agencies between the u.s. And the e.u. And China and wherever else involved and 2nd of all I am not so sure that the problem might not have been more serious than we thought so what about the supply is what's happening to them all the stuff which goes into these times well you know there's hundreds of suppliers and sub sub contractors to those suppliers and you know if Boeing isn't getting paid at some point Boeing probably isn't going to be paying their suppliers right away so what happens there I mean keep in mind the fuselages of these airplanes are made in Wichita Kansas where are they getting paid I assume they are but at some point in time that company is going to have to say either get some money here we just can't pay our own people and it's not what the supply is on us about and all they putting pressure on itself do you think you know yes a good point I would suspect every supplier is saying Boeing you know we're going to work with you work with you work with you bore not going to go down with you so fix this problem and I think right now it's out of the control of Boeing pretty much in that we've got regulatory agencies all going in different directions very likely the result as regards competition with us what happens well you know it right now today Air Bus is producing airplane Sue Purba airplanes I might add in there's no guarantee we might see some real earthquakes out. They were a company like Southwest says we can't just have Boeing airplanes anymore so it's all upside for Airbus spare buses behaved I think in a very very professional manner throughout this whole process in what sense well in a sense they're not jumping on their competitor when the competitor is down there going out there and selling quality airplanes to to people around the world with their I'd they're not really using themselves as a stalking horse for Boeing customers per se do you think Boeing has lost customers already too. We know they have there's a couple airlines of backed up but there's some other airlines that have ordered maxes including a i.a.g. The parent of British Airways So they've lost sales no question the real issue is when this airplane comes back will it be viewed as a new airplane or just a fixed airplane I think Boeing has to address whether they want to call this the max or not you know call whatever call the Wright Flyer but don't call it Max just what's the effect on Boeing overall do you think in terms of profits that reputation it's going to take a long time to recover from this is I think in terms of profits going to take a long time because 2020 is going to be a whole year trying to get Max's back on the air reputation keep in mind they build more than 730 seven's you know they've got the 787 they've got the triple 7 they have other airplanes on the drawing board which I think of been kind of put on hold for now but I think in the long term they'll get through this but I think we're going to be a stronger airline because I think they will learn how to handle these things a little bit more adroitly. As Michael. Board grew concerned optional. One of the persons like that of us is that he can't we knew so little about the nature of the problem and when it's all going to end well I think we know a great deal of the problem nobody really wants to talk about it they have designed to pretend no one is going to end I mean we don't know sort of like going to some antibiotic let me get to that Ok they have designed an airplane that a human being can fly alone essentially the engines are very large in front to accomplish the fuel economy standards that they'd like to accomplish in this passenger space and so forth they are pushing the very edge of the envelope The trouble is it's very hard to handle without the benefit of what is essentially a computer program that is really artificial intelligence and they have gotten to the point where they're trying to build the equivalent in the air of a driverless vehicle I'm questioning in my mind whether they can come up with software within the parameters of that structure of plane that can be effectively flawed that's what's taking so long there are surely a lot of regulators but they're not saying to the f.a.a. The Federal Aviation Administration come on out we've got this fixed we'll take you up with the chairman of the board and fly this thing the other thing is they have been behaving extraordinarily irresponsibly financially they continue to make planes or they have continued to make planes because if they stop then they have to recognize the r. And d. Costs of the plane on the basis of those they've already sold which means they have a huge loss to report on their balance sheet so to avoid a paper catastrophe on the balance sheet and in the stock market they continue to bleed cash that's an absurd situation now all of that said please do not you know read the obituary of Boeing in the triumph of Airbus This is one airplane Boeing has a full house of competitive planes except this one and so even if the company ultimately has to be. Reorganize suppose they never get that thing into the sky again are they going to go chapter 11 that that's you know bankruptcy reorganization I don't know how bad the numbers are because they've been playing so many games but even if they did a new Boeing would emerge it's very competitive without the 737 Max one of the problems here is pushing the envelope of engineering so hard and so far they may have actually or can get my point yeah I get your point and I want to talk something about this or repercussions of this about suspending production on what it was a come back to you Peter about it as well about the economic financial impacts I mean it's really like cause we have these amazing supply lines which sort of spite us with round the world. Do you think it is it something that affects will affect Singapore I mean you know there was no big manufacturing Boeing manufacturing on that but I bet the something. Hi Jamie I'm I'm very very concerned about what p.c. Just said I don't know how much of the manufacturing happens in Singapore but I'm sure part of it is going to come through here Singapore is probably a net bio of all of equipment from the aviation industry my issue about Boeing is is in addition to pieces is this I've been reading a lot about how Boeing outsource is a great deal of its manufacturing process. 60 to 70 percent of the parts on a plane made by what they call the offload policy where they outsource a lot of that manufacturing to somebody else so I don't know whether there's a bigger endemic issue here and if this is how they do it doesn't Boeing believe a cover from this will do they really need to restructure how they're actually doing that manufacturing process I don't know that they can get away from what they're doing a lot of the airlines that buy their planes are foreign airlines and the governments are brought insist that we buy stuff there in incorporated in the planes if not the plane you're buying then another plane but you've got to borrow that slightly outsourced to India didn't pay it well that's why they outsourced to a lot of people I mean you'd be surprised what they have to buy in from where However in the manufacturing of their products internally it's important to remember that what's really the problem is in the cockpit and that is the management of the plane itself both airline manufacturers all airline manufacturers begin small the thing they keep close just like order companies keep the drive train at home they keep the cockpit at home that's where the problem is it's not the fuselage from Kansas it's the cockpit it's the management of the plane Boeing has fallen down on that Ok but that's that's the course what I'm looking at now is really that the repercussions of the suspension I mean from what I know my big yes but I mean I thought it was an economist what would you what can you quantify it's a toll I mean yes if in terms of the us economy stopping production of just this plane is 3 tenths of a percent off of g.d.p. In the 1st quarter that doesn't sound big 3 tenths of a percent in my world. That's bloody big That's big you know that I don't hard to imagine a big architect this is worse than the g.m. Strike because we knew the workers have come back some day and also I presume and sucking air is commitment more than noise if you that supplier in Kansas the aircraft industry is somewhat concentrated remember Spirit of St Louis and you know the Limburg and all that the Air America aircraft industry got to stablished are in that general part of the country St Louis Kansas around there Missouri and Kansas and so it takes a heavy hit there believe it or not one of the best places to get a degree in aeronautical engineering is the University of Kansas you wouldn't think it but yes it is so it's going to hurt those areas a lot but remember the company will reorganize That's terrible news for that's terrible news for Boeing but if the global aeronautics industry is still growing and consume a flying commercial flying is it still going up isn't somebody just going to buy the plane from somebody else I Well the question is capacity the question is capacity suppose we said the plane is permanently gone could they replace them all with air bus system our air bus can't do that you know the capacity to build planes next next summer look for a lot of air airline delays if this plane is not back up in the air you know Ok We're going to move on to Washington to get a break because we're going to have a news headlines but fuel system to business massive search. Not much change because the headline news in an unprecedented move the American plane make a Boeing's to suspend production of it 737 Maxixe off all the headlines Britain has to legislate to prevent any further extension of the brakes process and the Netherlands most wanted fugitive has been arrested in Dubai so thanks so much Mr into Indiana the unrest this continues across the country. Just 7 to make it clear that he is getting people to get hung 7 up the difficulty of investing in the I'm a we are not good do we have put this in here I know you put this in against the benefits the government is biased which is discriminatory for one particular community it's against the Muslims be easy. But it has to be. Understood and that is a good done because demonstrators dense this new law which has fast track says and shipped to non Muslims from Pakistan Afghanistan and Bangladesh that same up lowers on fire 6 people have now died in 5 days of unrest following the party passing of this controversial citizenship loyal opposition parties a condemned what they say was a polices violent suppression of student protests the Congress party accused the government of declaring war on its own people after video footage of police breaking into a Delhi University and beating protesters was widely shared on social media and the un Human Rights Council has also said the new low undermines India's commitment to equality before the law as enshrined in its constitution however the j.p. Perspex person. It remained defiant What does the United Nations Human Rights know about who in the in politics this is an interim going back to India the largest population of Muslims is in India and the safest total So what is this un cry when not against Muslims we're just seeing for minority refugees who have had no way to get this web willing to give it to them so well the B.B.C.'s I'm not us and I thought I was on as an Indian capital New Delhi and joins us not just can you give us a bit of a timeline just go back if a week or so and explain what has happened. There have been protests in the northeastern part of India especially in states like Assam and West Bengal and they border bang that they say these people are protesting against is the new citizenship law which was passed by parliament last week it does mean a discussion and a debate to for the past few years and people there in those regions are strongly opposed to it because they think this would allow people migrants from particularly from Bangladesh to settle down in that state and take over that land and jobs which will have an impact on culture and identity this has been going on for decades this issue of alleged inflexibly immigrants from neighboring Bangladesh now the Indian government argues that the minority communities that I live just minorities like Hindus Christians but this Sikhs and the parties have nowhere else to go because when partition happened in 1947 when British India was divided in the Hindu majority India and Muslim majority Pakistan there was a lot of minority people stayed in respective countries and these people because of the live just persecution as the government says they come to India and they have to be given citizenship but they excluded Muslims and that is what is the whole controversy is about in Rest of India there are 2 issues here in the northeast people believe that those will come from Bangladesh can take over the land and jobs let us rest of India says it goes against the very fundamental values of India a secular democracy that is what India's forefathers led imagining in India that all communities can live side by side but the government denies any diligence by Ok who are 2 different reactions to different arguments against Islam how bout of the violence gone. For the past few weeks the the protests have spread to other parts of India this is what the government did not expect they thought the one in the northeastern part of India will be affected by this but then the university students have now joined these protests and what happened on Sunday was particularly in the capital of Delhi which actually triggered the moment them when thousands of students took out a peaceful protest March in the capital and then suddenly while and spoke out and it was blamed on a separate group of people from outside the police accused them of setting fire to vehicles and that again led to we don't know how the sequence of events unfolded but police they blamed the small group of people starting while and then came the tear gas and baton charge what was on President and was police before going into any newer city they had to take punishment from the u.s. Get targeted this time they forced their way and then there were many videos playing on social media but it be showing how the police were beating students even They're firing a tear gas into the library building that has shocked the country because these kind of police brutality what people could see in the rural areas and small towns for the 1st times that are being witnessed in the capital so that triggered other student protests in other cities Mumbai generally called Qatar and in go Hardy the other university students even elite institutions like the I 80 Indian Institute of Technology they came out in protest and they were holding forth the smartest across many campuses and people also in a strongly condemned what they see as excessive use of force but the police here say no they were they showed maximum restraint and they said they were only trying to control the situation trying to bring this small group of violent protesters under control but very few people believe what happened in the meantime more protests are planned today by the students. And also the Supreme Court is going to hear a special case against alleged police brutality and what is happening during these protests is any space talks compromise I mean we heard the b j p spokes person the shiny and see so. Saying no effectively. The government is very form said they have showed no sign of backing down from that position and this Hindu nationalists to be dippy government and whatever it is and they took even However criticized it maybe but they have not backed down on any of the previous controversial decisions but what they have all 4 days they said we can tweak some of these process of this law which will address the sentiments of the or the concerns of the people in the northeast but they have not said anything about you know including Muslims here in this particular law so that is going to lead to more protests and you know more debate and controversy over this Ok about us and thank you very much indeed for that. Stuff and. It's a very strange mixture here and 100 get the students are going to actually rather liberal protest about people saying that the should be. An inclusive society and yet a male How do you go to some anti migrant movement up in the northeast it's a it's quite a. Sort of melting pot of Moreover dangerous melting pot really isnt it. Yes 2 thoughts occurred to me Jamie 16 months ago if you'd said that there was a new bill which was seemingly innocuous which had led to widespread protests and the police have broken out in violence against you didn't I would have said Hong Kong Yes And this month we're talking about India it looks like the the world has a new way of of protesting and these riots are happening and students are coming out in full force and possibly the what's happening in the territory of Hong Kong is actually emboldening these these protests but the other thing is this I feel that the racial ethnic division is becoming increasingly an issue all over the world Singapore is facing our own element of that we have elections in a year year and a half widely expected to be possibly in the 1st quarter of next year I think the government is quietly concerned about racial divisions in Singapore and so they're trying to make sure that they do everything that they can to patch things up make sure that everybody is you know happily living together the multi-racial society I want to also question about that because there were violent vicious races race riots in Singapore and I'm 64 and then it was controlled then it was then you've been a success story ever since War What was your what was your secret. Well firstly we made sure that he was a great unifying force when it came to that Secondly there's nothing like desperation and economic trouble to make everybody band together and fight against the well we were fighting for survival so we didn't have the luxury of you know fighting over issues like this 3rd we made English. Basically our lingua franca everybody had to learn in school and so there was a unifying force 4th bear in mind that we also have national service for all our boys they go for to us from the age of 18 to 20 and that's a great economic level and so so it wasn't very blessed that we've had some very far reaching. They fostering policies and that's what really well but this is becoming an issue recently there was a banker from a bracket bank who was shouting at his condo security got for wanting to charge $10.00 for his guests to come and visit him on devoutly and this was videotaped and it went viral on social media with this banker who is from India he's a naturalized Singapore and he's married to a Singaporean he's been here for more than 10 yes. But he was shouting at the security guard saying that you know I paid more than $1500000.00 Singapore at all is it's about us $1000000.00 for this condominium you know so so he was he was bragging a little bit yeah I just ask Peter for a thought just before we got for our 4 point of the program Peter Well it's it's absurd for Mr Modi to say that that he's leading a secular government any a secular in inclinations when he was a teenager he joined a group called the r.s.s. Which views Hindu as the foremost religion of the nation that India is it is a Hindu nation and he basically transferred that energy over time into the b j p as a political organizer and he used the opening that the Congress party was rude is corrupt to basically snatch the government and now he's exploiting native a sense thinks this is a global phenomena it's Donald Trump I mean that's a problem wearing shorts Ok Peter thanks very much and this stuff we thank you very much don't go away we're still in the middle of business matches him b.b.c. World Service will be back with you in just a few moments so do stay this thing we're going to be talking very different perfume in a few minutes. Distribution of the b.b.c. World Service in the United States is made possible by American Public Media producer and distributor of award winning public radio contact engaging audiences creating meaningful experiences and fostering conversations a.p.m. American Public Media with support from t.d. Ameritrade you can check out t.d. Ameritrade mobile and think to find that app that matches your investing style remember s.i.p.c. . Listening to business matters in the b.b.c. World Service with me Jamie Robertson coming up in the next it could take us 100 years before we can live in a world that treats men and women equally We'll look at what business needs to do a Sweet Smell of Success or maybe some much sweet as slightly musky in notes of pneumonia business monsters explores the perfect ministry. The latest world news. B.b.c. News McIntosh Boeing is to suspend production of the 737 from January the company said it would prioritize the delivery of stolen aircraft while it waits for global regulators to approve the return to service of the 737 Max. Britain's government is to introduce a law designed to prevent any further extension of the process of withdrawing from the European Union the office of the Prime Minister Barak Johnson says the measure would block any attempt to move the end of the transition period beyond December 2020 the Netherlands most wanted fugitive has been arrested in Dubai Rideau on target he had been sought on international arrest warrants for murder and drug trafficking the minister overseeing a controversial overhaul of the pension system in France has resigned John Paul Delavan was accused of a conflict of interest after failing to declare a number of consultancy jobs thousands of protesters in the Gambian capital bound Jule have called for President Adama barrow to keep his promise to quit after 3 years in office and step down next month he came to power as the head of an alliance of parties opposed to the former autocratic leader yard Gemma. The University of a budget in Nigeria has dismissed one of its lecturers over sexual harassment a female student had alleged that the lecturer a professor a demanded sex in exchange for marks a sheriff's deputy in the Us state of North Carolina has been fired after being caught on camera twice slamming a child onto the floor at a school in Henderson State investigators are deciding whether to file criminal charges against him and a Brazilian company on Netflix depicting Jesus as a gay man has prompted widespread anger in the country almost 2000000 people signed a petition demanding the streaming service remove the film the 1st temptation of Christ b.b.c. News. Welcome back to business matters with me Jamie Roberts and my 2 guests on opposite sides of the World Peace Morrissey University of Maryland and in Singapore Stephanie yuan to from t s t s m.p. Till now it would take 100 years for men and women to be equal or in the words of the World Economic Forum who did all the research clues the gender gap across politics economics health and education now this number has to be taken with a little bit of caution a few years ago it said it would take around 80 years last year said it would take about 108 years of forecasting is not really what it's about but what it does do is extensive research into gender gender equality across $144.00 countries while it predictably says the Scandinavian countries have the best gender equality record it points out Nick your regular as the 5th best record Rwanda as the 9th it also shows have a job market is changing not necessarily in women's favor Now we talked to who is a director at consultancy all of a Wyman and she advises there on social impact and inclusion I asked her what the top companies were doing to close the gender gap the leading organizations are really taking gender and looking at it beyond just gender equality within the workforce so the majority ideology look at women's participation target in terms of gender representation on boards and clearly that's important but I think what is going to be critical going forward with being the leading organizations we're grappling with is making gender balance what's more central to the organization and taking a panoramic approach if he will across gender balance in terms not only of employees little say in terms of customers in terms of shareholders and in terms of society will broadly what drives that kind. Change is that the people at the top them basically push that to dump through the system or does it come from. I think it's a combination of 3 major factors so as you say form is go in the C.E.O.'s got to be on board with this and this doesn't just mean the c.e.o. Being asked will you be a sponsor for gender equality in our organization this is about a c.e.o. Saying gender balance as a central part of their mandate I think governments clearly have an important role to play and those countries where there have been hard and all soft targets have clearly made greater progress than those where there haven't and I also think we shouldn't underestimate the pressure and challenge that can come more broadly from the media and in the meeting the meeting movement millennial want to work for gender balance organizations and I think it's a combination of those things that are putting more pressure on organizations now than ever before some countries do a lot better than others. So it's a combination of you know. Social economic political religious and a whole variety of factors. In the Scandinavian countries or always highlighted as those that are the top of this index but there are other countries that we might think would be stronger perhaps the more developed countries actually are lacking for example if you look at the United States although they rank very well on health and educational outcomes that doesn't translate to political representation and economic empowerment and I think that's interesting because it helps us understand West solutions may lie so even if we women are equally skilled there's a lot of commentary now around rescaling women around digital and in ai that doesn't necessarily translate into a senior leadership positions. Difference I think new technology will make a huge difference and my concern is that it will disproportionately negatively impact women want so in those areas which are almost affected by what a nation for example we tell and white collar clerical roles I think will be most affected by Ai and I think more worryingly Ai takes post data and make decisions based on that and I think that makes Boyer smart harder to tackle and target when it's suddenly part of a very complex algorithm and within the machine and the scale at which an ai machine is going to be making decisions is much greater than an individual biased human can you do about that it's a real problem I think is a huge problem I think is about taking a gender in if we're talking about gender specifically it's about taking agenda lens to what you are delivering what you're designing and taking it making sure that you have diversity in this is why it's so imperative for private sector c.e.o. To see diversity and inclusion as a central business strategy because if we want to really reduce risks within our business and design products and services that are relevant to an increasingly diverse global community than if we have one type of person within our organizations we will never access the huge opportunity in increasingly diverse markets. From all of the women consultants. Present stuff and I want to ask you about your impressions really about equality or gender equality wouldn't them as a going 1st have me. But I'm a lawyer and lawyers have been very very good when it comes to gender diversity we've got about 50 percent of women entering the legal work the legal work place and. We are generally judged on our revenue and our profits. But that's He so that that isn't an issue in terms of that bonds but we don't have a glass ceiling the problem is we impose the glass ceiling on ourselves in Asia to look after your children yourself your mother in law expects you to be home doing that there's no such thing as the husband staying home and doing the fathering it's it's still very traditional that way women take time off when their children are 12 years old to take this primary school leaving examination alongside with their children so it becomes a real issue it's a it's a glass ceiling that we impose on ourselves and I think the gender pay gap starts from middle management this is what happens there's no published assisting on my industry on the gender pay gap because they generally gauged on profitability so you want to yes you want to hear about Singapore on to when you're to yes I am I'm pretty amazing a point yes for super care about best Peter what about in your profession the economics profession it's there are some bad stories going around I know that when the economics profession but on the other hand Nobel prize when it was one of them was. It was a woman the ship Yeah I mean the economic which my profession I taught in a business school the last 21 years I was in academia in business schools the numbers of women are very large especially among the ranks of people coming in they don't tend to leave to have children they might take a few years off but not a lot and they come back and we have a truck should so they really don't suffer for it. And so you know we're going to have approximate equality however if you look at individual departments if you look at say h.r. You know human resources management there's a lot of women there if you look at finance there's a lot of men a logistics there's a lot of men strategy it's kind of even uneven marketing the same and let's look outside my profession for a 2nd and I want to you know you know ask a rhetorical question if you look at medicine and health. Health care we've greatly increased the status and education of physical therapists they now get doctorate degrees I just had around the fiscal therapy like old guys to my Him and you just know Mary you couldn't find a male physical therapist in that building now another clinic I went to a few years ago there was one now she would be saying well we have to go out and hire a lot more men and we just can't hire women we have to basically make spaces you know I mean choices do get made and it's a very high status thing now I mean you're a doctor now if you're a physical therapist right don't you know so I mean the same thing in the business school should we basically say to women you know no you can't do h.r. You have to do finance I mean I guess the thing is is in the university overall is there approximate a quality of people free to express themselves by choosing what they like to do right. I mean that we're talking very much about professional classes here I want to get a bit more to those a blue collar workers who are listening to us interview talking about the way that was a mission will take jobs and I'm sure you know they argument but you know in the coming decades Roman trade problems of China the big stealer of Job's is actually going to be automation. But we don't know what amazing when we were placed right we had automation when the win win win in the Middle Ages when they discovered or depart Plowman might my major point is that it was a mission does take jobs it may take jobs from women much more from that's nonsense that's nonsense what we're discovering the McKinsey group this isn't Peter Marie c. Has discovered and many other groups have as well that the real threat of water mation of artificial intelligence is in the middle not at the bottom but I'm sorry middle what you mean by in the middle of the well people like insurance adjustors dentist it's simple it's possible now it's going to be soon possible to train a robot to fill your teeth. But that's an extreme we think jobs where women are going to arrive I'm going to breakthrough all say well it's all going to be taken away by automation that's there I just didn't know there were jobs that. What I'm getting at is this lots of jobs that are male dominated that are getting taken away by automation. And by by name when we talk about automation now we're really not talking about the machine as much as the Boeing artificial intelligence. My feeling is that if you want to find the problem you can find a problem I don't think that artificial intelligence is the big threat the big problem at the lower end is culture and should people like us who live in glass towers he sets foot in both worlds I grew up in an immigrant community Italians you know how they are and I spend my life where I can't go to a meeting or do anything without 3 religions both genders and 2 races being represented likely 3 and I'm very comfortable in both worlds but we should we be telling bricklayers they have to have as many women as men now they certainly shouldn't be able to exclude women. Shouldn't be able to do that but you know they don't wish for Should that be forced to have Stephanie wouldn't. Well the gender stats are fine at the bottom actually Singapore is likely a services industry it's fine at the bottom it's really at the top that it gets crazy. We have a 16 percent representation of women on boards in the top $100.00 companies in Singapore and was saying that's that's huge improvement that's rubbish. Look we're going to have to talk about something completely different are perfectly able to do with men and women I met show you because women and men and women have been dabbling with the smiles on their bodies for over 4000 years today the puppy ministry is a multi $1000000000.00 enterprise in the biggest marketable Brazil sales topped 6000000000 dollars last year men spending almost as much as women United States Germany France and Russia are also very big players now many of the classic brands are over 100 years old but the market is changing pretty dramatically a new generation of consumers are looking for something that doesn't smell well of the parents really so what does it take to pick the next Sweet Smell of Success my colleague Sasha trying has been finding out. Her feel has been around for literally thousands of years. In 2007 archaeologists uncovered what they called a 4000 year old perfect factory on the island of Cyprus globally the industry now is worth around $31000000000.00 u.s. Dollars with the premium side of the market increasing share it's dominated by names you may recognize the corporate giants such as estée Lauder L'Oreal and Coty . But of course for the entire industry what may have worked 20 years ago even 5 years ago will not work for a new generation who like in so many things want to do something different to their parents or grandparents both in the actual products that they buy. And the way it is produced and sold like in the food industry the perf human history is adapting to changing fashions but also to challenges like sustainability and ethical sourcing and yes of course different desirable smells but it's not just through the parks so I should get the smell of stinging nettles and the smell after it's been raining. That's me trying to understand the different notes of different her fumes more of that later now producing this program and working with me is Farea Masoud Now do you wear perfume I do I love it and I have very well thought out signature scents throughout my life but can I ask how old you are I'm 33 so you are officially a millennial solidly a millennial I try really hard to make sure I stay in the category. Exactly but when it comes to perf years do you wear the same as your mom or your grandmother my kid I'm never I would never do that that idea makes me think oh you got it wrong Faria if everyone vowed wearing their purview of the thing something's out of grown a lot and many many more definitely So as far as this industry is concerned it's not the classics that would do if you definitely know the classics No I just think they're too thick and they're too rich and the not sharp enough very different tastes for a different generation Well look if you ever find yourself browsing books about the purty industry one name will jump out Michael Edwards he's the man behind fragrances of the world it is the global database of saints and it classifies every perfectly with its own scent profile design the country of origin and fragrance family basically this is known in the industry is the fragrance Bible so what does our Perth human historian make of the changes in the industry I spoke to him earlier from his home in Paris the knish the artisan frequences revitalizing the whole industry for me their nursery school future than now the brands to try. I something new which possibly couldn't afford to do on their own because the great brands innovate and it doesn't work and cost them a great deal of money and can salvage their share price. And last year we tracked over $2800.00 new frequencies of which some $1300.00 with the artist frequency as they started in the 1970 s. In England the frequency is often started with very little money but lots of passion using fine materials I found God creations and they become For future of the industry now clearly the fragrance whose that we enjoy today are different in construction from the frequency of say 50 years ago we wear them daily words 50 years ago they tended not to do that they were looking for heavier kind of sense we look for clean since we look for fresh sense so about extent they have changed so Michael Edwards they're talking about Nisha per fumes which brings me back to that u.k. Brand that I went to visit Mila Harris It is a nice perf you business the best described as artist and producers and they have capitalized on the trend over the last few years Hi My name is Sarah roll through my I'm the c.e.o. Of Miller Harris perfume minute Harris is a nice fragrance house we were stablished around 20 years ago we create urban stories and dreams for the modern behavior and so how have you changed over the last 20 years that what you've seen most recently said I would say the momentum is really in the last 10 years is that there is a consumer shift into buying we should be free memory and you're really seeing consumers shifting away in particular. From sort of celebrity pair fumes intonation to do some smelling then that is after all what this is all about so let's smell something. That is quite a traditional one for you probably someone I know wanted to produce it 10 years old still a very beautiful fragrance tuberose is called Queen of the night as a as a flower because the actual fragrance has released as the sun goes down quite heavy . Oh that's that's what they mean you know but there's a smell of. Battery power I would know someone was wearing that you're doing well at any rate with the dress I don't need to leave that because out of perfume around if we give you something that's a bit more recent and maybe from the forage collection inspired by foraging in the city of London we were literally standing there in the rain sniffing stinging nettles as I'd been freshly pulled from the air so I should get the smell of stinging nettles Absolutely and the smell after it's been raining in a very fresh way that's a lot lighter than the other one have you seen a shift in what you are using maybe how you are sourcing because of what days customer wants we've been working very hard at the sustainability of our ingredients but that is really a sort of secondary question you buy fragrances it's most amazing and actually gives you another reason to purchase if you feel that the values are there what we've also done recently is look at the single use plastic that's a problem within our industry but we start with a package name what we've used is curbside waste so this is the waste that we collect from outside your house that's been reprocessed back into a bottle so Rather I'm talking about sustainability and how new customers want to know the green credentials of a product but what about transparency when traceability is a big buzzword in 2019 How does the industry with its protected formula measure up well this is another change according to Global beauty analyst Margo Kaun from the industry research has Mintel today there is a very. Trend around in fragrance is in a nutshell clean means that a project is known home for nontoxic for consumers and for the environment what about gender fluids or Rotha perf humans that are not gender specific they have a cry Feria Yes this is something that's we've seen surging in terms of proportional flown she is and what's interesting is that your new 6 fragrances have always existed but they were really nice territory they were nice fragrance territory but now we see more and more Browns releasing more and more prestige brands releasing unisex fragrances brands like. Brands like brand like Gucci with Meanwhile Juno So there really any prominence and we see really a surge in the 6 fragrances smarter current group Global beauty and a list of mental and not extend a look at the perfume industry by Sasha 20 so what I think probably interests me about this piece here is that it's quite a she's quite an open market quite. Open for new entrants to come in which quite surprised me actually because the because the market has changed because the customers changing That's right so there's lots of opportunities just like consumer products you know the foods we packaged foods they used to have a lot you know some big companies but people come along with stuff that that young people like then the new buyers they have money to spend and so there's opportunity it's very hard to get a lock on the perfume market you know it's a it's a I mean it is totally tastes change yeah it is also Turkey the global market you could start it up and that's right and you can ship the stuff anywhere yeah easy to move stuff and. Yes I was in Warsaw earlier this year and I popped into a personalized perfume straw and they they made it specially for me they put my name on it and they said anytime you want it just write to us and we'll send you another bottle and I think that's what the millennial Swanton that's what people want these days something customised. You know something personalized that is just this that doesn't smell like their grandmother having said that I'm not very big on gender neutral put fumes I don't want to smell like a man frankly thank you very much Ok that should if you if you'd like perfume it might cheer you up on the last piece we have this evening as we reach the end of the many of us feel that we're reaching the end of our turns up and if you're celebrating Christmas you may be wondering if it's a celebration or actually a 2nd job which doesn't give you an income but it should take some of it away and what we're going to talk about now is a recognized condition of school but which can really happen to anyone not just at this time of year but any time as a regular work place commentator Stephanie hair explains we've all experienced periods in our lives when we felt frazzled from stress or tired from working too much these conditions can be serious especially when they are left unaddressed But burnout is something different while it's related to workplace stress and fatigue burnout is so significant that this year the World Health Organization recognized it as a syndrome caused by chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed left untreated a person suffering from burnout is at risk of depression absenteeism decreased capacity to cope with stress a risk of turning to alcohol in order to cope and a greater risk of physical health problems such as weight gain high blood pressure coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes so it's an all our interests to be better at identifying burnout and ideally preventing it from developing in the 1st place. That's tricky because burnout develops over a period of time usually a few months which can make it difficult to spot but there are some warning signs along the way for instance burnout can't be remedied with a quick fix such as getting an early night or taking a few days off or going for a run there's a psychological component to burnout that is key to its diagnosis this includes feelings of energy depletion or exhaustion increased mental distance from your job even feelings of negativity or cynicism or simply feeling like you're not doing your job as well as you normally do since burnout is specifically related to our workplace relationship one warning sign is how our work spills over into the rest of our life today people work well over 40 hours a week and are always on working culture means that we're often under pressure to be available by phone text email and social media we may think we're handling it but our bodies are having a different experience producing higher levels of stress hormones that over time wear on us and wear us out to recover from burnout requires a combination of changes it can take weeks even months of rest this rest must be physical but also mental and even emotional doing things that get you out of your head and into your body such as gentle exercise or things that get you working with your hands such as gardening or baking can have a restorer to affect so can spending time with loved ones or getting out into nature but there's no point in patching you up only to send you back to the working conditions that created your burnout in the 1st place some of this requires individual change such as setting boundaries on working hours and availability but to do this you have to feel safe that you won't be penalize for looking after your health. This means that employers colleagues and even clients need to foster a healthier approach to work it's all very well and good to advise workers to practice mindfulness or offer a workplace yoga class but it's of little use for so busy that we have to eat lunch at our desk regularly work long hours or work in caring professions where we feel a professional duty to put others before ourselves we all have a part to play in creating a healthier work environment in which to work and live there's no shame in raising a hand if you're feeling burned out the irony is that burnout tends to affect those who are most committed to their roles those who are passionate often overachievers and those who care deeply for others we all need to feel safe in practicing self care it's a bit like putting on your oxygen mask 1st it will allow you to be your best and help others but it's up to employers colleagues and clients to ensure that their oxygen masks available in the 1st place this is Stephanie hair for the b.b.c. World Service Stephanie Peta I feel is a very unfair as a serious subject we could spend about half an hour talking about but so I'm going to ask you in our own trivial fashion was mistrustful part of your job so Stephanie 1st and then says appearing on business models please. As a corporate lawyer you know it's not the law as that guess it's the the demand to be right all the time as a lawyer that's expected good trying your best just isn't good enough not notwithstanding what your parents tell you growing up and I think that's the toughest part Peter in a 2nd nobody believes which you say when you're an economist nobody you know. You know love a good argument for a new day believe what you say have a good evening to write thank you both very much for joining us on business Thank you Stephanie I'll see you all next week by. He says the b.b.c. World Service Now take a moment to listen to this the human experience I love my religion it's a way of life for me there was a little way to give all who were to my going to see when I go back in the u.s. Spending all the time in the bush iding I am mistaken this person I don't belong can you write documentaries on the b.b.c. World Service in the next life you do dog of the go to listen go to b.b.c. World Service dot com slash documentaries. You're listening to the b.b.c. World Service our technology reporter Zoe Kliman told us when I asked our Washington Correspondent Chris buckler what was in this awful lot Europe regional editor Mike Sanderson is here in the studio that speak to our China Media Analyst Kerry Allen from b.b.c. Monitoring on air online and on smart Phil this is the b.b.c. World Service the world's radio station. It's a 2 hours g.m.t. And this is the newsroom from the b.b.c. World Service I'm Emilio some Pedro the u.s. Aircraft manufacturer Boeing announces its to suspend production of its 737 Max aircraft we hear from our business correspondent in New York about the possible wide reaching implications of the move the Netherlands most wanted fugitive has been arrested in Dubai Italy's top football league said yeah has been heavily criticized for paintings used in its new anti-racism campaign to illustrate said they have used 3 pictures of monkeys with printed with a banner no to racism and 5 years on from that dramatic announcement by the u.s. And Cuba that they were calling an end to more than half a century of hostilities where do things stand it's a great tragedy that there is this anniversary and in no way is it a celebration of what was accomplished it's a remembrance of what was failed That's all after the news. Hello this is the b.b.c. News if you know MacDonald Boeing is to suspend production of a 737 Max airliner from January the company said it would prioritize the delivery of stored aircraft while it weeps for global regulators to approve the return to service of the 77 Max our North America Correspondent Peter boat has more the temporary halt in production is because the regulator a Authority the Federal Aviation Administration has still not clear the jet to return to commercial service it was grounded globally in March following crashes in Ethiopia and Indonesia which left a total of $346.00 people dead in a statement Boeing insists safety.
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