Global effort against Climate Change. The u. S. And china reach a historic agreement on reducing carbon emissions, and they said it couldnt be done. A lot of entrepreneurs and businesspeople from china, they laugh at our stupidity as a country. All in starts right now. Good evening from new york, im chris hayes. For the second day in a row, Missouri State and local officials have taken to the microphones to talk about their preparations from the moment that everyone in metro st. Louis is waiting for. The grand jurys decision whether or not to indict Police OfficerDarren Wilson in the shooting death of michael brown, an unarmed 18yearold. Earlier today just hours before a call with attorney general eric holder, st. Louis mayor francis slay and Charlie Dooley spoke to the public echoing what Governor Nixon said yesterday. Violence is not the constitutionally protected right. Damaging property is not constitutionally protected. Inciting violence thats an immediate threat is not protected by the constitution. We will not tolerate any of it. Even as mayor slay warned against violence, county executive dooley said it was not a foregone conclusion. Youre assuming that things will go wrong. Im assuming things will go right. This is a great place to live. People are very civilized. The majority of our constituency are good people, they want law and order. Why would i think anything different . The coverage has the question of the protester, largely africanamericans from the metro st. Louis area who are angry about what they view as Police Misconduct and the shooting death of an 18yearold boy. Far less attention has been paid to the ripples of discontent and racist backlash that you can find on social media pretty easily. Many gunshops are reporting higher sales. Attention to the terrorists masquerading as peaceful protesters, you have awakened a sleeping giant. The good people of st. Louis county of all races, colors and creeds will not tolerate your threats of violence against our Police Officers, their family and our communities. We will use lethal force as provided under missouri law to defend ourselves. Joining me now is frank ancona, of the knights of the ku klux klan. Where are you distributing these flyers . And what are peoples reception to them . These flyers are being distributed across st. Louis county and other areas in missouri. And the reception for the most part has been very good to these flyers. You know, a lot of what i just heard right before you brought me on here was the police saying basically the same thing. Theyre not going to tolerate any violence. And thats what this flyers addressing. It kind of came about from the hundreds of calls weve been getting from residents of st. Louis county concerned with things that theyre seeing on social media about random attacks on whites, you know, sniper d. C. Sniper style type shootings. You know, Police Officers being threatened that their wives are going to be raped and that theyre all targets. You know, so all these calls are coming to us and people saying, what should we do, what should we do . What youre doing is telling them to arm themselves but you a bit ironic for you to talk about how bad violence is when youre telling people that youre going to arm yourself and shoot, youre advising people for what the law is for being able to shoot someone. That seems to everyone seeing this likes incitement. It seems that youre trying to bring about the exact same thing youre saying youre against. No, actually, its addressing the people who are making these terroristic threats letting them know that the people of missouri, they have rights, too, that are guaranteed under our constitution and this particular law. And its basically educating them on that law and letting them know what their options are. Because a lot of people seem to not you know, theyre living in fear. And you dont have to sit back and let somebody throw molotov cocktails at you and just sit there and take it. Do you actually think theres remedies under the law. And the remedy under the law is to shoot someone . The flyer says frank . It says defend. It talks about defense. So in order to defense yourself, that means youre being attacked. Mmhmm. So this flyer is not do you think it do you think it contributes to the safety of the folks in st. Louis to go around distributing these kinds of flyers, do you think this is making the situation better . Definitely is. Ive heard from many people who say they feel much better that those flyers went out and they understand what their options are under the law. Have you been talking to Law Enforcement . I have. What are those conversations about . And well, defending on who you talk to and, of course, you know, all these things are off the record, but a lot of them are very frustrated with, you know, how the governor has basically sided with the criminals in a lot of instances. Wait a second. You have Law Enforcement frank, you have Law Enforcement. Miles of thrown at them. Confiding in you as the grand wizard of the kkk, you are telling me you have Law Enforcement talking to you personally . No, i have friends who know people in Law Enforcement. Oh, you have friends. Mmhmm. Right. Right. And anyway, you know, who why should they be expected to sit there and be told that somebodys going to go rape their wife . What job how can you expect someone to do a job and put up with that . To me thats a threat of violence against their family. Lots of things get said on social media. Thank you, frank ancona. Joining me lizz brown. This seems to be the reason i want to have frank on and its not something i really like doing is that there is this kind of theres ripples of something dark and ugly that i started to see in social media around folks in the st. Louis area that i worry about in advance of whats coming down the pike. And so much of the attention has been on, quote, the protesters getting violent and it doesnt seem to me that the ugliness is necessarily coming from those and certainly not from those quadrants exclusively. I think that what we really have to have a discussion about, chris, is who sets the tone, what tone has been set . And i will charge that the tone has been set that would allow for racist organization like the klan to feel comfortable in recruitment. And what is the tone thats been set . The tone that has been set is that africanamericans, largely peaceful africanamericans protesters and activists need to have a response, a military response to them. Its almost like theyve taken a page and twisted it out of the untouchables where he says that, you know, if you bring a rock, well bring a tank. Thats the response that has been to the largely africanamerican protesters. So you set the tone that these are people that we need to respond to in this type of way. When you have a chief of police in st. Louis thats racially profiling people that commit crimes as black on black crime, what does that say . Thats saying that crime has a face and the face is an africanamerican face. And you dont have to worry about the crime because its just black folks hurting other black folks. So when we set the tone that a Certain Group of people respond in this lawless type of way and we have to respond to them in a militaristic type of way, you open the door for an organization, a racist organization like the klan to come in and take advantage of that. So you think the way that the tone that has been set by officials so far who have been by what theyre saying theyre saying theyre trying to be calm, theyre trying to urge people to be peaceful, to follow their First Amendment rights and not use violence, you think theyre sending a tone of suspicion . When you lets unpack the governors response and the Governors Press conference. A thousand people. Why are you saying a thousand people . What you can take out of that is thats what we need to respond to peaceful protesters. Protesters havent shot and killed anyone. Protesters havent harmed people. So why are we responding to them . Because its these types of protesters. Youre setting the tone that these types the of people need to be responded to in this way, and that opens the door for the klan to go in and to recruit people. I lay it at the feet of Law Enforcement, how they prosecuted this case, how they responded to peaceful protesters, i lay it at their feet. This is their fault. Lizz brown. Thank you very much. Joining me now is chief dotson. Respond to the tone thats been set by Law Enforcement and the tone youre trying to set with the mayor and Charlie Dooley today. The tone in st. Louis is that were working on bridging gaps. While lots of people are talking, were actually sitting down with organizers and protesters trying to come to common ground. Weve talked about what the rule of engagement are, weve talked about a variety of things. Theres a lot of dialogue going on at a Grassroots Level. I think thats important. Ive got to say theres this expectation that you can feel brewing in the air and the press plays part of that. But not just the press. Governor nixon coming out and saying weve got the National Guard on standby, at what point do you enter into this vicious cycle where theres this selffulfilling nature to the whole thing where you have folks like the grand wizard of the klan distributing flyers and everybody fearful that something will happen and that creates the condition for something ugly to happen . I think youre absolutely right. The first guest didnt help the conversation and the dialogue at all thats going on here in st. Louis. But i think the governors tone was we are going to protect people. Were going to keep people safe. Were going to protect property. And were going to protect the Constitutional Rights of people that want to have their voices heard. The conversation about the National Guard. If the governor does want to activate that, its to help support local Law Enforcement. Its not to take the front line. Its to allow us to do our jobs better. Thats what gets lost in the conversation. I see your tag line, preparing for war. Actually in st. Louis were preparing for peace. Were trying to get to that point. You say that, but we know theres 170,000 spent on things like tear gas and strange kind of cluster grenade tear gas devices from st. Louis county. That quote comes directly from a Family Member of michael brown. Thats why its in quotation marks there. There are people who feel that the remarks from the governor, the data that was acquired by the guardian about the preparation in st. Louis county feels to them more like theyre in preparation for war. Obviously you can only control the Police Department you can control. But were talking about a lot of Law Enforcement agencies across the whole metro region. But i think you have to look at it in context. We have a responsibility to keep people safe. Thats our number one goal. We have a responsibility to protect property and Constitutional Rights. The conversations were having is to further those endeavors. Theyre not to go out and go on the offensive. Its just the contrary. If you look at what happened over the last several months, weve done an unbelievable job of keeping people safe both on the Law Enforcement side and on the protesters side. Thats really what this investment is about top to characterize it as an offense is not correct at all. Really what it is is the tools that we have to keep us all safe in our community. Chief, what have you learned in watching this play out . Obviously, protests in north county and all over metro st. Louis, theyve been in the heart of st. Louis. Your police have interacted with protesters. What have you learned . I think what weve learned is exactly what the governor said and the mayor and the county executive. Hey, we have lots of areas to grow. Jobs, for example. The governor announced a program for 2,000 in jobs. Were talking about a lot of things. What ive learned is that the dialogue is the most important thing thats happening. What ive learned is we have to work at a very Grassroots Level. This has become about Law Enforcements interaction with the community. Theres a lot of room for improvement on both sides and thats the dialogue that has to continue. The noise that we hear about preparing for war and the equipment purchases, that really needs to take a back seat. What needs to happen are organized groups from the protesters side needs to sit down with government officials on our side and really say, how are we going to move this region forward . How are we going to continue the dialogue . The grand jury will ultimately make a decision. Regardless of what that decision is, we still have a community here. We have to move this community to a more positive place. Thats what the dialogue is. Thats what ive learned. Do you know what the grand jurys decision is . No, i dont. And i wake up every morning to a text or a tweet that says that its coming out. The only people that know that are the grand jury, and as far as i know, they have not made a decision yet. Chief sam dotson of st. Louis, thank you for your time, sir, appreciate it. Thank you, chris. Thank you. Prominent democratic politician thinks he knows what it will take for democrats to actually win elections again. It won him his election, after all. The mayor of new york bill de blasio will be here after this. E for the volkswagen signthendrive event. For practically just your signature, you could drive home for the holidays in a germanengineered volkswagen. Like the sporty, advanced new jetta and the wellcrafted allnew golf. If youre wishing for a new volkswagen this season just about all you need is a finely tuned. Pen. Get zero due at signing, zero down, zero deposit and zero first months payment on select new volkswagen models. What are you doing . The dishes are clean. I just gotta scrape the rest of the food off them. Ew. Dish issues . 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Exit poll last week 78 of voters said they are very or somewhat worried about the direction of the economy in the next year. Unfortunately for Democratic Candidates people worried about the economy were more likely to vote republican. It is not a great mystery why the economy remains top concern for many americans. Even as unemployment dropped to a sixyear low of 5. 8 , the stock market hit record highs this week, most people just arent feeling the impact of the economic recovery. Fixed income which has been stagnant for a decade. Median income last year adjusted for inflation was actually 3600 lower than when george w. Bush took office in 2001. One party seems to be bearing the brunt of voters discontent. The Democratic Partys overall favorability has dropped to a record low of 36 in a new gallup poll and its down 7 points among democrats themselves. One prominent democratic politician said he has a prescription to turn things around. New york city mayor bill de blasio who was elected on a platform of economic populism thinks his party needs to recommit itself to core values. Writing in the huffington post, acknowledging the need to address income inequality wins elections. Joining me now bill de blasio, someone who i think is a test case of that. I read your piece today. I like it. Sort of confirmation. I have those politics and all of us who believes in these things want it to be the case that the stuff we believe in if only people said what we believe well vote for it. But whats the evidence . I think theres evidence all over the country. Look at the democrats who won including in some tough places. Al franken in minnesota. Great example. Challenged wall street, talked about economic reality, how people are hurting and the middle class is falling apart. We have to do something about it. Won handily in a state that republicans have done well in recent years. Jerry brown raises taxes on millionaires for education wins handily. Dannel malloy was supposed to be dead man walking. He gave people paid sick leave, raised the minimum wage, he taxed the wealthy to increase education, these clear messages of addressing economic reality and being real democrats, being proud, progressive democrats, folks are going to vote for the real thing. But when democrats veer away after school were doing the same reality. Building Affordable Housing addresses the number one expense in peoples lives. Giving people paid sick leave. Raising minimum wage, creating a Living Wage Program where government subsidizes employers. You tap around the problem. Not around, but you attack from enough angles, then on top of that you go to washington where you can make the real big changes. If youre talking about having real regulation in the financial industry, the kinds of things that would be transcendent in this nation, governor malloy is a good example, have achieved some of those pieces or jerry brown. Weve got the Building Blocks but the message of the oped is democrats who ran from those values got paid back for it. So what category is andrew cuomo in . I have a message for all democrats, lets be clear. I would say it to him for sure. I think this is the wave of the future. But thats not how he positioned himself and he went to reelection fairly smoothly. But andrew cuomo positioned himself im not making a substantive judgment on this. He even said it. The extremes of the left and right. Thats what you have. And here am i, andrew cuomo in the center. He put forth a host of things that mattered a lot to progressives. You dont talk about economics, you dont talk about income inequality and dont present a platform for actual change, you wont win. Do you have to marry it with substance and achievement, by definition, yes, then the golden age of the Democratic Party was when there was both the message and the achievement on the ground. Well have to work our way up to that level again. If we dont learn this lesson now for the next two years, how democrats should fight in washington, how people should comport themselves in the election, the same thing we saw this time will happen on a greater level. People will stay home. People who actually want to vote democrat will stay home if democrats dont start acting like real progressives again. The change in opinion on Marijuana Legalization cuts across political coalitions. Im using my prop here which is apparently this is 25 grams. This is oregano just for the record. Im holding this up because you and commissioner bratton held it up at a news conference. You made a decision no more criminal arrests for marijuana under that amount. Correct. What led to that . The idea that, first of all, our cops are putting a lot of time into processing arrests for something that is clearly a minor offense. That time, that energy, that focus could go into fighting more serious crime. Thats point one. Point two, a lot of young peoples lives were being deeply and negatively affected by a criminal record that came from a marijuana arrest. Now with a summons, there will still be a debt to society to pay, in this case a monetary debt but wont come with a criminal record. What about people who say that the problem here is you have police, you know, whether stopping and frisking or stopping or policing more heavily black and brown youth than they do other people. What gets them busted for weed or get a summons to begin with . I think the whole mission is to have people treated fairly across the city. A larger process of reform with the nypd. Thats why stops are down intensely compared to last year with the stop and frisk policy being so broken. Thats why were retraining the entire nypd. 35,000 officers will be retrained in how to work with the community and address things in a more equitable fashion. Thats something that takes time. Thousands will benefit from the fact that they wont have a criminal record, and the amazing part of the policy that we put in place is it will actually give cops more time to go after more meaningful crime. The hine, i think new york governor mario cuomo, you campaign in poetry, youre a governor in prose. Youre in the prose section. Mayor bill de blasio could get in a time machine and talk to candidate de blasio, what would you say . I would say stick to your guns. You were more right than you thought . No theres a difference to that. The public yearns for some consistency. If you come in with a progressive platform you better damn well stick to it. Dont water it, just do it. That builds a sense of faith and possibility and thats what ive learned certainly in these first ten months. New yorks mayor bill de blasio. Something amazing happened just a little south of where im sitting today in this great city. Some pretty high stakes drama on Television Screens this afternoon. Window cleaner stranded 69 floors up on the side of the tallest building in the western hemisphere. [ male announcer ] its a warning. A wakeup call. But its not happening out there. Its happening in here. [ sirens wailing ] inside of you. Even if youre treating your Crohns Disease or ulcerative colitis, an occasional flare may be a sign of damaging inflammation. Learn more about the role damaging inflammation may be playing in your symptoms with the expert advice tool at crohnsandcolitis. Com. And then speak with your gastroenterologist. Hit him with a hard count,ine. At crohnsandcolitis. Com. See if theyll tip their hand. The nfl trusts duracell quantum to their game day communication. Theyre blitzing up the gut get out of the pocket hut duracell quantum. 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It currently has just one tenant, conde nast, which occupies 24 of the 104 floors. Side note think about how weird it is to go to work in that building right now. With the rise of a new skyscraper comes the task of cleaning its windows which takes a special breed of daring and skill. Today while cleaning one world trade center, the scaffold that held the two men malfunctioned which left them dangling 68 stories above the street from the side of the tallest building in the western hemisphere. It took about an hour until firefighters inside the building used a diamond saw to cut through three layers of glass and attach an extra harness to each of the men and finally pull them to safety. You know, its pretty incredible that happened although it got me thinking, we can get a space rocket on to a comet and we have not invented a way of cleaning windows that does not involve dangling human being hundreds of feet in the sky. That said, nice job, everyone. Goodnight. Goodnight. 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If youre caring for a child with special needs, our innovative special care Program Offers strategies that can help. Today human beings landed a spacecraft on a comet, and that comet is 310 million miles from earth and it took the spaceship ten years traveling some 4 billion miles to get there. And i honestly cant even believe i just said that sentence. The European Space agency launched rosetta in march 2004 from french guiana. It was never menat to travel directly to its destination, had to fly around the solar system several times using the Gravitational Force of both earth and mars to sling shot deeper into space. Now, by 2011, it had actually traveled so far from the sun, it could no longer power itself with solar energy. So it was put into hibernation for three years. In august of this year, rosetta began orbiting this comet, a 2 1 2mile wide object known as 67pcg, which like all the comets and asteroids in our solar system could provide valuable information about the foundational Building Blocks of our planet. For reference, this is a rendering of the size of the comet compared to los angeles. Rosetta has spent three months orbiting the comet which is in itself an important first. Orbiting a comet thats moving at 184,000 miles per hour. After finding just the right spot, a landing probe called philae separated from rosetta to begin its sevenhour descent. At 10 30 a. M. Eastern standard time that probe successfully landed on that comet, another first for space exploration. Scientists believe the harpoons may have failed to deploy because the comet has such weak gravitational field, the Lander Philae might have bounced before coming to rest. It was transmitting data of the rosetta and of the comet itself which scientists expected to be basically spherical, but was, to use their words, duck shaped. Gases ammonia, methane and Hydrogen Sulfide have been detected. Dust particles are already being analyzed. Congratulations to those who had those two compounds in the pool. Rosetta and philae are never returning. It only has 64 hours of Battery Power left to transmit that data. Theyre so far away their transmissions even traveling at the speed of light take 28 minutes to reach earth. Light from our own sun takes 8 1 2 minutes to reach us. Joining us geoff brumfiel. How, how, how did they do this . It took a lot of time and a lot of effort and a lot of thought. Frankly, some luck. They started designing the mission ten years before they actually set out to do it. And it all came down to this morning. They had to get that lander out, gravity pulled it down to the surface, and it appeared to make contact. So i mean, it was really pretty impressive. How do you power the thing . Is it solar powered the whole way and when its got too far from the sun it has Battery Powered stored up to keep going . The spacecraft itself is solar powered. Thats why they had to shut it off. Because it actually got so far from the sun, even its massive solar panels which are like the length of a couple of london buses or something, they couldnt actually power the spacecraft. They had to shut it down. They start it back up. The lander also has solar panels, it has batteries as well. If it can capture the sun, the lander can continue to operate, but thats only if they landed in a place where they have good illumination. Otherwise, as you said, theyll run out of Battery Power pretty soon. Explain this to me. I was thinking back to High School Physics about trying to work out the calculation of how youre going to get this moving thing on to that moving thing. Walk me through the principle by which youre sort of slinging the craft around these orbits to pick up the velocity necessary to sling it out further into space . Well, the real trick here is not actually going by the comet because, of course, you know, you can pass by anything in the solar system with enough planning. The trick is getting in the same orbit. That takes a lot of work and energy. Because you have to move from earths orbit all the way out into deep space to follow the orbit of this comet which goes around the sun then goes back out to where jupiter is, then come back around again. A real operation. It took multiple flybusiness of flybys. Then after ten years they caught it. So what are we hoping to learn . As a technical marvel, this is just beyond impressive. It actually makes me think, oh, we can solve anything if we can do this. But what exactly is the point here . What do we learn from this piece of rock that we showed in our graphic how big it would be compared to los angeles . Well, theres nothing particularly special about this comet except that its one that we were able to catch. But comets are really important. Theyre believed to be primordial remnants of whatever the nebula that made our solar system was made of. They contain a lot of water. And the current theories are that water here on earth probably came from comets. The comets bombarded the earth and brought with it the water we needed for life. Theres also organic molecules on comets and some thing that maybe the very Building Blocks of life itself came from comets. Thats mind blowing. Geoff brumfiel, thank you very much. Absolutely. You ever have an argument with somebody and the person in the argument leans on the same point. Then you find a way to completely rebut that point . Its a good feeling. Barack obama did that to republicans on the single most consequential issue of our time. Let us be lovers, well marry our fortunes together ive got some real estate here in my bag it took me four days to hitchhike from saginaw ive come to look for america to break the record he has to keep it up for 34 hours. The feat will continue tonight until friday. You want to check in on al to see how hes doing the whole thing will be live streamed. At this point you might be asking why is al roker doing this . Its for a good cause. Raising money for the uso. You can pledge your support for him via his Crowdrise Campaign at crowdrise. Com roker. The conference call. The ultimate arena for business. Hour after hour of diving deep, touching base, and putting ducks in rows. The only problem with Conference Calls eventually they have to end. Unless you have the comcast business voiceedge mobile app. It lets you switch seamlessly from your desk phone to your mobile with no interruptions. Ive never felt so alive. Get the future of phone and the phones are free. Comcast business. Built for business. The past two years the peoples republic of china has been the best friend of republican Climate Change denialists. The denialists could fall back on this argument, the rest of the world are including china, the worlds biggest emitter of Greenhouse Gases wont do anything to slow Climate Change, so why should we . China and all these countries that are still growing, theyre not going to stop doing what theyre doing. Americas a country, its not a planet. Experts agree that a Climate Policy that does not include Massive Energy consumers like china are essentially meaningless. We cant do it alone as one nation. The benefit is difficult to justify when you realize its only us doing it. I dont think we can control the emissions from china and india nor do they have any desire to control it. The United States is a country, its not a planet. If we have statements such as we do have from the leaders in china and india and other countries saying under no circumstances are they going to accept any kind of mandatory reduction, what are we doing here . And so heres whats happened over the last nine months. In secret the u. S. Government and china negotiated a climate agreement. Then barack obama flew to china and he sat across from the chinese president for five hours and put the finishing touches on that agreement. Then today the president turned around to the denialists and said, oh, really, chinas going to do nothing, huh . Let me tell you about this little deal i worked out with the president of china. Today im proud that we can announce a historic agreement. I commend president xi, his team and the Chinese Government for the commitment they are making to slow, peak, and then reverse chinas carbon emissions. China and the u. S. Are responsible for more than 40 of the worlds carbon emissions. Under the agreement announced this morning the u. S. Is setting a new target to cut carbon emission by 26 to 28 by 2025 while china is agreeing to start reducing emissions by 2030. That means theyll peak in 2030 and to make clean energy 20 of its energy. Over the past 15 years china has accounted for roughly 60 of the growth in Carbon Dioxide emissions worldwide. And now its agreed to reverse that trend. This deal explicitly addresses and removes the republican climate denialists best argument against fighting Climate Change here in the United States. Theyre not happy about it. Hell like lie soon chair the committee, he called the deal a nonbinding charade that wont change chinas behavior and Mitch Mcconnell had this to say at a photo op with smiling Senate Freshmen today. As i read the agreement requires the chinese to do nothing at all for 16 years while these carbon emission regulations are creating havoc in my state and other states around the country. Mitch mcconnell needs to take another look at the agreement. To meet its target of 20 energy by 2030 china will have to generate more power from clean energy than is generated in all the coal fired power plants that exist in china today. Enough clean energy to nearly match the total Electricity Generating capacity of the entire United States. After the break well go straight to the white house for inside details on this history making deal. My interview with the president s top adviser on science and technology is next. Whats in a can of del monte green beans . grown in america. Picked and packed at the peak of ripeness. With no artificial ingredients. Del monte. Bursting with life. Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car with noinsurance. L ingredients. Everybody knows that. Well, did you know genies can be really literal . No. What is your wish . No. Ok. A million bucks oh no. Geico. Fifteen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance. 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This is the first time that the United States and china have agreed to lead jointly on the problem of Climate Change announcing their Respective National targets for greenhouse reductions after 2020 even though the targets were independently determined by each country is a signal to the world that the United States and china are ready to lead and theyre ready to lead with ambition in addressing the challenge of global Climate Change. There are folks that point out the fact that chinas goals which is to peak by 2030 are basically what they were on a trajectory to do. Is this really changing anything . I think its changing a lot. You know, ten years ago chinese analysts were saying privately they might be able to peak by 2050. That became 2040, then it became 2035. 2030 is a big deal. China has never officially committed to peak at any particular date. And the 2030 peak is very significant in terms of a real sea change in the official chinese position. And on the u. S. Side of this, those commitments that the u. S. Has made, i think is it 26 by 2020, am i getting that right . Its a range. 26 to 28 by 2025 and how are we going to keep to that . Well, we believe that we can get there using existing authorities. The epas power plant rule is going to be very important in getting there. The implementation of our vehicle fuel economy standards is going to be important. The continuing expansion of our Renewable Energy portfolio is going to be very important. But our Analysis Shows that we can get there and we intend to do it. How did this come about . I mean, its a pretty remarkable step that happened today. How did these negotiations take place, how are they kept secret . How does the deal finally get done . Well, initially the proposal was made by secretary kerry to his chinese counterpart that led to some months of discussion, many trips back and forth by officials of the two countries. But in the end, it was president obamas conversation with president xi that moved it across the finish line. There was a u. S. Negotiating team that was meeting with china back and forth again over a period of many months, but its important to understand that they didnt actually negotiate the targets. The targets were developed by the two countries separately. We egged each other on in terms of calling for a giant ambition. The two biggest emitters of Greenhouse Gases are now ready to lead in ambitious strategies to reduce those emissions. Is there anything binding here for either country . What happens if china misses the targets, what happens if we miss the targets . In china these targets basically have the effect of law. In the United States, they do not have the effect of law, but they have the determination of the president of the United States and his whole administration to bring them into being and were going to do Everything Possible to do that because its in our National Interests to do it. Youre a scientist, mr. Holder, and the scientists talk to tend to be the most radical folks on this issue. They look at the scale of what we have to do and the scale of what theyre doing and what we are doing and they just their heart sinks at the mismatch between the two. As a scientist who understands what the science says we must do, how are you feeling today . Im feeling good today. This is an enormous step in the right direction. I have spoken in the last 12 hours with many leading scientists around this country and around the world about this announcement and i can tell you that the Scientific Community from people ive sampled is very excited about the magnitude of this step. Its only a step. It is not going to get us all the way to where we need to be, but if we carry out these commitments and then follow with appropriate encore, we can get this job done, we can meet this big challenge. John holdren, thank you very much for your time. My pleasure, thank you. Joining me now environmental activist josh fox director of gasland parts one and two. Your reaction to this deal . Its amazing, kind of astounding. Nobody saw this coming. I dont think anyone saw this coming. It is historic. It is a very, very big deal. It doesnt get us no. Where we need to go. Kind of hard to party when youre in the middle of the biggest hangover of the century. But it is the United States and china entering reality, entering reality together. Right. Its kind of a means for rejoicing, right . Were now on the planet earth, were acknowledging the catastrophe exists and that we have to Work Together to beat it. And what china has decided to do Mitch Mcconnell is eating his words right now, because china has decided to build an entire United States worth of power for renewable and noncarbon sources, in 16 years, in 16 years. In 16 years theyll build an entire United States worth of noncarbon nonfossil fuel power, which means we can do the same thing. Are we going to let the chinese beat us to 100 renewable . Thats only 20 , but for us it would be 100 . So you see what im saying . This is one of the things where we say yes, Renewable Energy is here, it can be ramped up quickly. This isnt about governments. This is about movements. Youve seen the Climate Movement hammering away at barack obama whether it was keystone xl or people marching in the streets of new york city last month. The amazing thing, were seeing it in china where they have this tangible evidence, air quality has become the singlemost domestic issue in china. Its a massive embarrassment. And the thing that makes the sky look like that is all the coalfired power plants they built to fuel the new china. The Fracking Movement cant back down. What were talking about now is not just Carbon Dioxide, but methane which is the hugely more potent gas than Carbon Dioxide is. Now fracking makes no sense. Now keystone xl makes no sense. Stop those right now if we want to hit these targets and make sure were not leaking methane into the atmosphere. If china can do a whole United States in Renewable Energy, so can we and we should be. Also just saying to the rest of the world, which is so key, come on in, we can do this. You are doing some organizing at the Grassroots Level on energy. I am. Thanks for asking about it. We have a new program called solutions grassroots, which is a grassroots deployment of energy across the United States. Solutiongrassroots. Com. You can go there or you can start organizing on the ground level, town by town, person by person to get Renewable Energy. Its right there. Some days in this issue some days i feel really optimistic. Today is one of them. Josh fox, great to have you here. Thanks for having me. Thats all in for this evening. The Rachel Maddow show starts now. Good evening. The man at the witness table is a doctor, a very accomplished american doctor who is of Indian American origin. He grew up in miami, florida. The man at the dais is a United States senator from cans is, specifically from dodge city, kansas. And here is how their conversation went. You ever been to dodge city, kansas . I have not, sir. But i would love to come. Well, good. Im going to invite you. And because we have a wonderful doctor from india, shes in her mid30s and shes highly