Deaths. The chinese city of wuhan locked down, more than 600 infected. And its spreading fast. Fear it could spread further. It was over there, in china, where frankly theyve had a lot of outbreaks over the years. China has reported 136 cases of the bird flu. Emergence of the h10 strain follows that of the fatal h7 and 9 strain last year. In chinas desperate bid to control the latest bird flu virus. But this was no bird flu. And the world soon began to take notice. Penicillin was discovered here in 1928. It revolutionized medicine. Today, researchers here from Imperial College are working for another radical breakthrough. I think technology that completely changes the way vaccines are being made and covid19 is allowing us to try this technology. Back in january, professor robin shaddock was watching the news coming out of china with growing concern. At that stage, it wasnt a pandemic. It was an outbreak. At that stage when youve got a few thousand cases, it could be a blip, it could go away. Why did you think that it would just be a china bug instead of a world wide pandemic initially . Because weve often seen small outbreaks of different viruses that come and disappear. But this virus wasnt disappearing. It was multiplying exponentially. When i heard about wuhan, i didnt pay that much attention to it until it was clear that it was escalating. Professor peter pyatt has spent his long and celebrated career fighting infectious diseases. He and a colleague discovered ebola in the 1970s. Pyatt was a pioneer in the battle against hiv and aids. For years, i have been saying we have to be prepared for the next big one, an epidemic of a new virus that is transmitted airborne, respiratory transmitted and we are not prepared for it. I saw in wuhan there were already far more cases than we had in total with sars. Then i thought we were in trouble. I think it became a Global Pandemic because its transmitted so easily. Youve got asymptomatic transmission. So it was almost impossible to lock the world down in a way that would have kept it contained in one part of the world. Is that its strength, that it can be passed on by people who dont know theyre sick . Yes. I think thats the reason it got transmitted very efficiently. As the virus spread from one unsuspecting carrier to the next, china swung into action. Its first move was to silence and discredit the doctor who sounded the alarm. When that didnt work, the government swooped in with all its authoritarian might. If you had a fever, you were bound. And if you refused to go quietly, you were rounded up. And if you still refused, you were barricaded inside your home. But china did Something Else that few people noticed. It made a call for help, an appeal to the world, written in genetic code. This is the genetic code that really makes who we are in addition to our environment and our education. You can identify a virus exactly on that kind of code. Just like people, viruses are biological formulas. They are nothing more than strings of genetic code. And on january 10th, just weeks into the outbreak, chinese researchers did something extraordinary. They cracked the viruss code and published that code online. In that sequence, you can also tell which parts of the virus are going to be important for the immune response, how we react to it. If you have that sequence, you can do a lot of things. That really provided everybody in the world with a blueprint that they could use for their different vaccine technologies. In many ways, that was firing the starting gun for all these different vaccine candidates. This is the code china published online. This is sars covi 2. 30 characters for the exact formula of what has been disrupting all of our lives and killed more than a million people. By putting the formula online, china was saying to the world, heres the enemy, now help us defeat it. Well, the best and brightest minds saw what china posted and took up that challenge. Once you have that code, the first thing you can do is to say weve never seen this virus before. On the basis of that code, you can replicate it in the lab. We felt actually we should stand up to the plate and make a vaccine. Th the race for a vaccine had now begun. And the first step was understanding the virus in minute detail. The coronavirus is a tiny sphere, so tiny that 100 million of them can fit on a pinhead. You cant see them with a normal microscope. Viruses cannot survive without a living cell, whether thats animal or human or a plant cell, because they are incomplete in their survival mechanism. Thats why they always will be looking for human beings in the case of human viruses to survive. The coronavirus has a unique way of getting into our cells, through the spikes that act like little claws. Theyre called coronaviruses for a reason. Its spikes. Its these spikes that really are going to penetrate into the cells. They work as a kind of attachment process to gain entry into your cells. If you didnt have those bits on the surface, the virus would be dead. Because it would just move along and wouldnt attach. The surface protein that the spikes recognize are receptors that allow the virus to dock onto cells, gain entry into those cells and shape the infection process. The spikes are the viruss greatest weapon, but they are also its greatest weakness. And these tiny spikes are the target of every major vaccine in development. Vaccines were first invented to treat smallpox 200 years ago by the british dr. Edward jenner. Generations of british children were vaccinated against smallpox. There was not a single case of smallpox reported anywhere on this planet last year. Since they were first introduced, vaccines have barely changed. Vaccines are actually biological products that try to mimic a natural infection. So you inject could be against measles or whatever, its a fake infection. You fool the immune system. The immune system thinks, oh, im infected with measles. Most of the vaccines we get and give our children today are simply dead or weakened versions of the harmful viruses. We trick our bodies into thinking theyve been infected to trigger an immune response. Our bodies do the rest. Vaccines have saved more lives than any other medical discovery in human history. Making vaccines has been a slow and labor intensive process. They had to be grown, often in chicken eggs, one at a time. Now, technology is changing everything. In the race for the Covid Vaccine, scientists are going right to the genetic code. There are more than 100 vaccines in development. They have different approaches, but they all have the same goal, to get our bodies to recognize those little spikes and prevent them from locking on. Our body reacts because its a foreign invasion. One part of the defense are socalled antibodies. These are the ground troops. What they do is they protect the cell by basically coating the whole virus with antibodies so that the virus cant penetrate the cells. These antibodies lock onto the surface of the virus onto those spikes and mean that the virus can no longer get into the cell. So its keeping it outside of the cell and rendering it noninfectious. Finding a vaccine is the key to reopening our society. It is the holy grail of medicine today. And the Biggest Surprise maybe that scientists created a vaccine almost as soon as the virus broke out. Back in january, when china published the genetic code online, professor shaddock fed those 30,000 characters into a computer. The next day, he had a design for the vaccine, a recipe on a computer at least to kill the coronavirus. Thats the speed at which people can move in terms of that design element. Then the next thing is to take that computer designed construct and actually put it together in a laboratory. That takes a couple of weeks to do that, verify it was working in the laboratory and then start looking at whether it actually induced immune response. Thats mind blowing, that you get the formula, in a day the computer spits out a code for the vaccine and just a few weeks later you have a product, a liquid in the real world that is a prototype vaccine. Yeah. So here in this unassuming lab and in several laboratories world wide, scientists had not just an idea for the vaccine, but a real prototype vaccine capable of neutralizing the coronavirus within weeks of the outbreak. What we didnt know is whether it would work. Now the real challenge is will it produce the right immune response in humans, and then will it be protective. Herein lies the problem. Scientists were sure they could kill the virus, but would the cure kill us in the process . At the end of january, dozens of laboratories in asia, europe and the United States were focused on making a vaccine that was both safe and effective for the entire world. With so much at stake and so much to gain, the race for the vaccine got dirty with false claims, propaganda and cyber attacks. Whoever obtains the vaccine first not only obtains the actual vaccine, manufacture it, put it in the vile, distribute it will be the geopolitical leader of the world. Will be th leader of the world. Only pay for what you need. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. Liberty. With this seal, this restaurant is committing to higher levels of cleanliness. The expertise that helps keep hospitals clean, is helping keep businesses clean too. 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When bipolar i overwhelms, vraylar helps smooth the ups and downs. In the summer of 2020, russia surpassed 1 million coronavirus cases. The kremlin had initially downplayed the pandemic and paid a price for it. But then president Vladimir Putin made a surprise announcement. A Major Medical milestone reached here in the past couple of hours. Russia officially started rolling out a vaccine. If this claim turns out to be true, russia could be declared the putin has made no secret of russias ambition to be the first to win the global vaccine race. Russia christened its vaccine sputnikv named after the first satellite ever launched into space by the soviet union. The Scientific Achievement by soviet russia in beating the United States in the race to launch the first man made moon. Putin launched a pr campaign with graphics showing how russias vaccine would save the planet. Translator i know that our vaccine works effectively, forms a strong immunity. And i repeat it has passed all the necessary checks. But thats not exactly true. Every covid19 vaccine candidate must go through at least three phases of human trials. Phase one, is the drug safe for humans . A small number of brave volunteers try the drug to see if research should continue. Phase two, an expanded number of volunteers take the vaccine, their health monitored regularly. And phase three, does it work on a large scale . Tens of thousands of volunteers are given the vaccine to check for adverse reactions, which could be rare, but important when trying to vaccinate the entire world. Russia only went to phase two and declared victory. I dont find it acceptable that you take shortcuts, injecting lots of people with materials that have not been really well documented for efficacy and safety is not something that would be acceptable here. If we would try to do that, it would be not only unethical, but also it would deter people from having vaccinated. If i didnt believe in the vaccine, if i didnt understand the Science Behind it, i would never have injected myself with it. Karil is the head of a russian statecontrolled investment fund. Hes part of putins inner circle, and hes the pitch man for russias main vaccine. What would you say to people who are skeptical, say i dont want to take some russian vaccine thats been rushed through the system . Of course, people will have a choice. I think, again, we need to make sure that Different Countries have a choice, have all of the data available. You know, we could have been very hidden about our vaccine. We could have just vaccinated our people, not sharing the nature of the vaccine, not sharing information. But this is not the approach we are taking and i think, again, this is something that has to be respected. Putin said he even gave his daughter the vaccine. Putin has two daughters. Hes very secretive about them. One is believed to be a scientist. The other, a competitive rock n roll dancer. He didnt say which one took the vaccine. Russia wasnt alone. China has gone even further. It has begun rolling out its vaccines, giving doses to medical personnel, the military and students. China seems to be doing some phase three trials, the ones that test for side effects in large populations, on its own people. Clearly, the national prestige, projection of scientific prowess, my system of government is better than yours, capitalism versus communism, all of that is at play. I think that the race for a Covid Vaccine is the race for the moon on steroids. Lawrence gosten is a professor of Global Health law at georgetown university. He was also on the board for pandemics at the world health organization. It really is becoming a geopolitical race for bragging and boasting rights. I dont think we should fool anyone to think there is a collaborative mindset across the globe with nation states in this effort. Its a battle space economically, geopolitically and medically. Bill ebbena is the u. S. Governments most senior spy hunter. We continue to see efforts by both russia and china and others to not only beat us to the race with producing the vaccine, but also aggressive attempts to steal what we are producing in the trial faces, in the research and development phase. Is right now the vaccine the primary target that hackers and cyber spies are trying to discover, steal . Theres probably not a whole lot thats more important in the world right now than the race for this vaccine. Hackers almost certainly linked to russian intelligence have been targeting scientists in britain who are carrying out research into a vaccine for coronavirus. We sort of have been seeing targeting from a whole range of actors. The one we called out specifically was russia. Paul chitchester heads up operations at gchq, britains equivalent to the nsa. We really saw a pivot, if you like, from perhaps more traditional targets to take an interest in the u. K. s response to coronavirus when sort of the world was really, i think, realizing just the significance and importance of the situation that it found itself in. Chitchesters unit spent months monitoring russia as its agents picked and probed the Computer Systems of the united kingdoms top laboratories. These are direct operatives working for the government . In this instance, we believe it is Russian Intelligence Services directly. British Officials Say they caught the russians as they tried to steal data from Oxford University and its vaccine manufacturing partner astrazeneca. In terms of dirty tricks, i mean, specifically what weve seen is potentially theft of intellectual property. American and british authorities have accused russia of hacking, of trying to steal scientific information regarding vaccines. What do you say to that . I think false accusations are by some of the people who are afraid of russia having sort of a sputnik moment with the vaccine. But we, again, are not focused on being the first. We are focused on International Cooperation and we believe the world need to put the previous political biases aside. While russia claims to be the epitome of global cooperation, state media have spread disinformation and cartoons smearing rival vaccines, suggesting they could turn you into monkeys. How successful have they been . How much have they managed to steal, how much have they managed to disrupt, destroy, confu confuse . I really cant get into what theyve potentially stolen or what their Operational Success is, but lets just say theyve been super aggressive. Some in our community would say a lot of the work being done in russia and china has already been predicated upon stolen research here in the u. S. How do you know that . We see a lot of the same signatures on our vaccines as we see on their vaccines. Theres only one place they could have gotten it from. In july the u. S. Government formally accused two Chinese Government linked hackers of stealing american Covid Vaccine research. The u. S. Also ordered closed the chinese consulate in houston, texas, labeling it a center of espionage. As chinese officials were leaving, consulate staff could be seen burning what appears to be documents outside the building. I would say covid right now has become the geopolitical economic battle space as we move forward to the next couple years. Rward to the next couple years. Ok everyone, our mission is to provide complete, balanced nutrition for strength and energy. Whoohoo great tasting ensure with 9 grams of protein, 27 vitamins and minerals, and nutrients to support immune health. Its a dark, lonely place. This is art inspired by real stories of People Living with bipolar depression. Emptiness. A hopeless struggle. 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Lets get checked for a full range of conditions. Introducing letsgetchecked a Health Testing you do at home. Lets get round the clock support from a team of nurses. Lets get fast, accurate results. Know your health. Know yourself. Order now at letsgetchecked dot com whoever wins the vaccine race may win the world, but they better hurry. Infections now building across the country again. After a summer of low infection rates, europe is now seeing a rise. For the first time, every region of the world will face recession simultaneously. More than 30 million americans remain unemployed amid the coronavirus pandemic. As soon as we think we have one outbreak under control, another wave hits, bringing lockdowns, dividing families, destroying economies, killing well over a million and stretching our hospitals to a breaking point. Cov coventry is in the heart of england. Now its under attack by another enemy from the air, one intensive care nurse lisa mountpetty knows all too well. It feels like theres no end to it. We feel like weve come out of a dreamlike sequence. We feel like it was a nightmare. It only seems to be happening again. Is that depressing . Is that frightening . Its anxiety. I think thats the feeling amongst most people. Its this deeprooted anxiety. And yet were starting all over again. How are you holding up personally . Okay. Ive got an old victorian house that im renovating so that keeps me busy. When i come home from work, i sort my house out. Ive got my children and my partner and anmy dog. They keep my spirits up. Youre able to find relief from the stress. My children both have covid. They were both tested positive. They were quite sick at home. Ready, steady. A vaccine, what would it mean for you . What would it mean to this hospital . A vaccine would be a lifesav lifesaver. Would you give you more confidence . Every time you come to work youre putting yourself at risk and youre going home and putting your family at risk as well. And the risk is compounded over time. Every day. Now its every day for months and months and months. The only way to break this covid cycle is a vaccine. We know scientists had a prototype for a vaccine right at the beginning based on the viruss genetic code that china posted online. In some ways, the fast and easy part is making the vaccine, because its all about genetic code and synthetic biology. So we were able to create a prototype within two weeks. So very, very quick. Were injecting biological materials in Healthy People and we are going to inject that in billions of people who need it to save the world from this pandemic. So we cant take shortcuts. The only way to find out is to observe in the utmost detail tens of thousands of people for long enough that we have certainty that this vaccine is really safe. And the best place to test the vaccine is where the virus is out of control. Covid hit south africa hard. South africa has reported a sharp rise in the number of coronavirus infections, nearly 11,000 new cases were reported on saturday. South african officials have warned that the countrys Health System is approaching the brink. The coronavirus storm has indeed arrived, as we said it would. Especially in the townships. Elvis mathinga is a Life Insurance salesman in the township once famous for resisting apartheid. Today its battling covid. How are you . Good. I just wanted to find a cure because now this covid19 has changed south africa a lot. Elvis is one of 5,000 south afri African Volunteers taking part in the vaccine trials for astrazeneca and novavax. I decided to get this cure so i can be able to assist all of forensic with this new vaccine that we are trying out now. But theres another reason elvis is volunteering. The trial comes with free health care. Theres a lot of things that were happening to me besides the covid19 because they will be testing like everything, the blood. Because if you go to a doctor and want to do those tests personally, you pay a lot of money. We dont have that kind of money. But many South Africans are angry. They feel Drug Companies are treating africans like guinea pigs. Im not happy at all. This feels like 1981 all over again when the aids pandemic broke out. Its a replay, but this time theyre doing it in our face. Resentment over testing in africa is turning people against the vaccine. Would you take the vaccine . Never. No. The vaccine for me is like they are going to kill black people. Elviss own family wont see him. Like my big brother. Ive told him that ive started with the study of the vaccine. On monday im going back there. Those people would inject you with this covid19. Even with the virus raging in south africa, elvis never caught it. So researchers dont know if the vaccine hes taken works or not. His trial is inconclusive. In the united kingdom, theyve come up with a controversial way to guarantee results. A secure wing has been set up at londons Royal Free Hospital where volunteers will be infected with the coronavirus on purpose. 90 Healthy Volunteers age ed 180 will come to the hospital, get vaccined a e nate vaccinated and then tilt their heads back and be given tiny droplets of the coronavirus. Here the virus meets the vaccine every single time, which is why its called a challenge trial. Its bold. It gets results, but it is not for the feint hearted. Instead of going about your everyday life in the community, you would instead have a stay in a biocontainment facility where you would be intentionally exposed. Sophie rose is a graduate student from Johns HopkinsUniversity Living and studying in the u. K. Is anyone signing up to do this, raising their hands saying, sure, infect me with coronavirus . Over 130,000 people. We have found ourselves in a situation where we have hundreds of millions of people facing abject poverty. We have economies that are falling apart and countries that arent functioning properly. A lot of that really cant be resolved until we see a vaccine that is distributed on a level that weve never had to do before. We think its of utmost importance that we get that happening as soon as possible because that gets us one day sooner to getting whaback to normal. What happens if one of these volunteers dies . They are definitely informed and it is acknowledged there is a risk of death. Youre not a supporter of challenge trials, why not . Im not a supporter of challenge trials at the moment. Because what do they do . They inject Healthy Volunteers with the virus which we have no cure at the moment. If we would have a cure, an effective treatment, i would be all for it. But theyre volunteers, young men and women sign up to go to war. Thats a good point, but we also have medical ethics. Ethics say you should not harm people if there is no backup to save them. Can you go into experiments that used to be done that we dont do these days anymore. But no matter how much risk volunteers are willing to take, the vaccines success or failure depends entirely on distribution. S entirely on distribution ith the ninja foodi power pitcher, you can crush ice, make smoothies, and do even more. Chop salsas, spoon thick smoothie bowls, even power through dough, and never stall. The ninja foodi power pitcher. Rethink what a blender can do. To syour body needs routine. System, centrum helps your immune defenses every day, with vitamin c, d and zinc. Season, after season. Ace your immune support, with centrum. announcer 5g just got real. Iphone 12 pro max and iphone 12 mini are here on verizon 5g. The iphone is mini, but the 5g is huge announcer with the coverage of 5g nationwide, and, in more and more cities, the performance of 5g ultra wideband, the fastest 5g in the world. Whoa. Mobile gaming just got infinitely better. announcer now, buy iphone 12 pro max and get another on us. This is the phone to get. announcer this is the 5g phone Everyone Wants on the 5g america has been waiting for. Only on verizon. For nearly a year, scientists have been working at breakneck speed. Drug companies are developing new vaccines at record speed. Under normal circumstances, it would take more than ten years. But researchers think they could have a covid19 vaccine in 1218 months. Modeling a vaccine on computers, bioengineering it and then testing it on armies of volunteers. But the vaccine will only work if lots and lots of people take it. Look, covid anywhere is covid everywhere. Bill and Melinda Gates have donated 6 billion to vaccination programs over the last 20 years. No two individuals have done more to champion the development of a Covid Vaccine. Even if you vaccinate the entire midwest of the United States or every Single Person in our country, if you could get everybody to accept a vaccine, if you still have covid raging in another country, its going to bounce back into our borders. Viruses dont know borders, dont need visas, passports. As long as not all countries are free of covid, no country is safe. If ive taken the vaccine, im safe. Why do i care if the country to my north or south has the vaccine or not . Vaccines are not going to be the silver bullet. Its unlikely that certainly the first generation of vaccines are going to protect 100 . The fda has said that if it protects 50 of people against severe disease and dying from it, then it can be approved. So its not necessarily going to stop the spread of the virus. If you want to control the virus spread by blocking transmission, then you need to probably have very high rates of vaccination. That may need to be 7080 of any population. Its like the fire brigade. If the house is on fire ever of your neighbor, you cant say i dont want to support the fire brigade because its only my neighbors home. No, we need it all. Luckily there is a world wide fire brigade. The covax pillar ensures that every country gets fair access to eventual vaccines. Its name is covax, it may be the most Important Initiative today that most people have never heard of. American epidemiologist Seth Berkeley is one of its creators. If the goal is to end the pandemic, you have to take a global view. We know this started in wuhan as a point outbreak. And within a few months, we had cases in 180 countries. This is not a virus thats going to stay contained. Its going to continue to move around unless we can tamp it down. The covax has a very specific plan to end the pandemic. The goal of this is to have 2 billion doses available by the end of 2021 of which a billion doses would go to high income and upper middle Income Countries and a billion doses to low and lower middle Income Countries. Covax will distribute those initial 2 billion doses to the people most likely to spread the virus. So the idea would be to try to Vaccinate Health Care Workers across the world. Thats a relatively small p percentage of the population. Theres always been a race for making vaccines or drugs for emerging diseases and other things. But to compress that in a matter of a year or two years, thats whats really unprecedented. Adar is the ceo of the serum institute, the largest vaccine manufacturer in the world. The company was founded by adars father. Today the horses are for racing while the factory churns out 1. 5 billion doses of vaccines a year for every known ailment. Serum says 65 of all children in the world receive at least one of its vaccines. And now even as trials continue, they have deals to mass produce five different Covid Vaccines. Two of them will be given to Health Care Workers through the covax program. In exchange for making the vaccines for the world, india gets half. I made it clear even to the Indian Government that its better to have a 5050 strategy where anything coming out every month 50 would go to my country and 50 to the rest of the world, because we do want the rest of the world to also restart. The city of puney with a population of more than 6 million is one of the hardest hit areas of india. You dont have to go far outside the factory gates to understand how badly india needs a vaccine. So does the United States. But President Trump decided not to participate in covax and for the United States to go it alone instead with its own program called operation warp speed. Is that right . Is that the smart approach . No,s that is not the smart approach. The u. S. Should be not only participating but should be a leader at the table. Wow wouhow would you assess President Trumps leadership . I was asked for a specific rating and i gave a d minus. The buck stops with the leader of our country, so you lay this at his feet. He could have created a National Testing plan with good contact tracing, isolation and quarantine. Vietnam did that. Look at their numbers. Theyre outstanding. Look at germany. Look at new zealand. We should expect that of our leader, not what we have been getting. But President Trump has done much more than just opt out of the world wide plan to defeat the pandemic. Hes made so many false statements about the virus, Many Americans have become totally confused and skeptical. It goes away in april. No reason to panic. Its like a miracle. It will disappear. We have an invisible enemy. We have a problem. This is a pandemic. They cant handle the bodies. I think thats really dangerous. If people dont have the absolute trust, we may end up with a situation where we have a vaccine but people say i dont want to take this. If people are not willing to take a vaccine, theres no point in making one. Making one. The calming scent of lavender by downy infusions calm. Laundry isnt done until its done with downy. And now your copilot. Still a father. But now a friend. Still an electric car. Just more electrifying. Still a night out. But everything fits in. Still hard work. Just a little easier. Still a legend. Just more legendary. Chevrolet. Making lifes journey, just better. Proof i can fight moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. Proof i can fight psoriatic arthritis. With humira. Proof of less joint pain. And clearer skin in psa. Humira targets and blocks a source of inflammation that contributes to joint pain and irreversible damage. Humira can lower your ability to fight infections. 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Hes a magic man i went back to st. Marys hospital in london for one more visit. Professor shadik had something to show me. Something id been asking to see for a long time. And in an ultra cold freezer, there it was, generation one of the Covid Vaccine. So this is the original prototype vaccine. It needs to be kept cold, so it cant be out of the freezer for too long, but thats where we started with our prototype, made in the laboratory. Amazing. The tube containing the secret to potentially saving millions of lives wasnt efven labeled. This was the first vaccine made back in january directly for the code from the virus china published online. Theres hardly anything in it. Thats because were using a very low dose to vaccinate individuals. You dont need much of the vaccine. This is actually very exciting for me, this is what were all hoping for, waiting for, a vaccine for covid. This is the gen 1. This is the original starting material that we have right at the beginning of our story. Weve gone from making it in the laboratory to industrializing it and making it at large scale so it can go into humans, but essentially, the vaccine design has not changed. Its more or less the same. What you had in the very beginning is what we still have now. Absolutely. And now we have thousands, tens of thousands of vials made in industrial scale that are being tested in the clinic. So is this little tube a bit of history . Certainly a bit of history for us. Well, maybe for the planet. That would be nice. In the next room, lab techs were preparing blood to test samples from volunteers whod taken the vaccine. So far, so good. The key thing here is to see what, that theyre Still Producing antibodies several weeks into the trials. Exactly. Thats it. We can see they went from no antibodies to a really high amount. But chadick had one more thing to show me. Wh so what is this . This is now one of the vials of the actual vaccine that is going into the volunteers. So this is a vaccine. This is a vaccine. No longer a prototype. That is going into human beings right now. Thats going into human beings in our clinical trial. And it all started with that original prototype. It all started with that prototype. So when worldwide distribution begins, is that whats going to be going around the world . Tiny little it will be Something Like that. Tiny little bottles like that. Put a syringe in, pull it out and inject it. Did you think you were going to get from there to there . This is an exciting step, for sure. Every step of the way is an exciting step. At every step you might have success or failure. But before leaving in a biosecured part of the lab, i asked him the allimportant question. When do you realistically think, generally, were going to have a vaccine ready to go . I think well see the first candidates coming through by the beginning of next year, but it will still be a huge effort to make them available for everybody who needs them. There are several vaccines in the United States nearly identical to this one and at the same stage of development, so americans will get them. All of the vaccines about to be rolled out work more or less like the flu shots many of us already take. They wont make you permanently immune to the coronavirus. Instead, they tamp down infection rates across populations. So, for years to come, people will still likely die from covid19 just like every year people continue to die from the flu. But Scientists Say once enough people take these vaccines, the pandemic will end and well all get our lives back. How long that takes now depends more on politicians and Drug Companies, but the scientists, theyve done their part. Pain gel, my husband would have been on the sidelines. But not anymore an alternative to pills voltaren is the first full prescription strength nonsteroidal antiinflammatory gel to target pain directly at the source for powerful arthritis pain relief. Voltaren. 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