Need financial planng . Algorithms are replacing human advisorsnd brokers. Apps le venmlet people click money to each other, similar t texting. Many of the innovative that have come along in the past ten years are not coming from banks. Y t pelle fort oversaw the trafficking of more than 400,000 the amoof money invested in slaves was mohan th amount of money invested in railroads, banks, and busisses mbined. This wcono the ec engine of eurondhe United States. This capital of the slave trade launchmericas new national y vtesting thing. Im steve kroft. Im lstaheslie im anderson cooper. Im bill whitaker. Im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 im scott pelley. Those stories tonight on 60 minutes. E, tomorrow is not a given. But entresto is a medicine w. . . I love ya, tomorrow . In the largest heart fai study ever. Entresto helped more people stay alive and t of the hospital than a leading Heart Failure medicine. Women who are pregnant must not take entresto. 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My girl cindht is fridge from low cause of theorryfre 30daye on appliances. Atthhat im lking about cind oukestyle. Now get to 20 off appliances 396 or more, cooper during thmost recent outbreak ofhe ebola virus, more th 5 hlth care workers died of the disease, and something called personal otecti equment became essential preventing the deaths of evenore. Were talking about gowns, glov designed to block the ansmission of deadly bacteria and viruses. Theyre used every dayn spitalto protect doctors, andnursesatients. But ebola so letl, it raised the stakes enormously. If the protectivequipmt fails, infectious bodilyids can get through a problem known asstrikehrough. The height of the ebola outbreak, we received a tip that major american manufacturer had knowingly ovided defective care workers in the u. S. And abroad. Had ver beliclubexaminedn that story in may. T broadcast this ambulance siren if theres one thing that beca outbreak of 14, it that pers protective equipment, properly used, could mean the difference between life and death. Yoablyu obemember e tragic ages from west africa, and the rkers in biohazard suits tryingo help without getting infect themselves. May elp uso be blessing tr patits. Cooper certain types o gowns alsused ding the the nurses at this hospitain liberia used gowns and fullbody sus to protect themselves aftetwo of their top doctors every day in the u. S doctors and nurses rely on some of the Disease Control recommended for ebola. One of them is the microcool health, which sells about 13 million gowns a year wde,orwi including a quarter of the u. S. Market the microcool gown is supped to provide the highest level of protection available against oodborne bacteriand viruses. Its label says it meets a rigorous Industry Standard known mi lev fr dr. Sherry wren ght, ts go cooper which mes its impermeable,o at blood containing virus like hepatis and h. I. V. Wont get onurgeons skin during an operation. Theres just one problem. What w wrong with the level four gowns . Bernaezeau they would leak. When we pressu teste, especially in the seam ooper bernard vezwas the global strategic mketing rect for mrocoolnd oth products fm 12 to early he wked for halyard health, which was part of thkimberark cr 2014. When tses at a dallas hospital bame infected after caring for a patie with ebola, es hadnt been using microcool gowns, bute was concerned by the way compa went into high gear tol the produc e gowns weeing recommended e wifor us ebola. Ezeau ggressively being recommended. Cooper in what way aggrsively . Vezeau we fullput a ourt presto drive microcool sales. We told hospals totock up on our microcool products. We told them to have at least ght to 12 weeks product o and thatsn things became very difficult for me. Cooper difficult because vezeau says he knew the gowns were not consistentlmeeting industry standar. Theres a test for thi right . And its conducted in oue facili. Ooper so did your gowns consistently ps this test . Veau no, they did not. Cooper w the f. D. A. Aware of this . Re they noed . Vezeau n not that im aware. Ooper ere cuoms waed . Custerwere narned ei. Ooper why not . Ezeau ell, because kimberly kneclarkthat if they they told customers, it would cost us a lot of business. Michael avenatti they didnt tell the public. They didnt tell the f. D. A. They kept selling the gown to e tune of millionsf dollars every month. Cooper michael avettis a California Attorney who represents hospitals that are th ag haly slees of mrocool gowns inhowed i deer 201at the request of one of kimrly clarks compets, cardinal health. Avenatti at the time cardinal and kimberlyclark were in litigation against e another. Anrdinal had these gownstestedns were disastrous for erly clarper chat do youean, distrous . Avenayolooktti well, ugh the reportull see tested failed. E gowns that were cooper 77 . U. F. Ltinacksonville,als like florida, we found eoho told us they repeatedly experienced strikethrough, with gowns and onto their skin. About it they took pictures of their bloody arms and gowns and sent them to the company. Did you receive complaints from nurses, from surgeons at all . Vezea on these gowns . Coor yeah. Vezeau oh, frequently. On a very frequent basis. Cooper what kind of complaints . Vezeau oh, complaints of strikethrough, sleeves falling off, ties falling off. Cooper sleeves fling off. Vezeau sleeves falling off. Sleeves falling off ring a procedure. Cooper were you at meeting where these problems were discussed . Vezeau every time. We were the ones who were telling Senior Management the problems that we were having. Cooper and what was their response . Remember the response one time fromhe c. O was, nobody really cares about this. Nobody really cares about surgical gowns. Chris lowery yeah, that thats thats justot true. Cooper chris lowery is the c. O. O. Vezeau was talking about, the chief opeting officer of halyard health. Did you sell protective uipment for ebolthat you knew was defective . Lowery no. And ankly, i i i think t allegations arent based in the facts. Cooper youre saying theyre completely false . Lowery yes we get less than one complaint and even more so is weve never received even one report of a Health Care Professional contracting an infection as a result of a flaw in our product. Cooper lowery says Bernard Vezeau didnt raise his concerns until after he left the company; vezeau says he was fired because he was vocal about the problems. The company also questions the motives of this man, keith edgett, the former head of research and engineering for the gowns. In thivi expresses the same concerns as vezeau about what was going on at the company. Keith edgett i believe that they were putting customers in harms way, and i was struggling with that. Cooper i want to show you the the results of a test performed by intertek labs. It shows that 77 of your both of the sleeves. Ed one or lowery yeah. Cooper 77 is a lot. Lowery anderson, its its its very important to put this this cardinal test data into context. First extreme outlier test we had never seen test data that reflected anything like this before, or that matter since. Cooper halyardhowed us its own test results from the reports show the sleeves passed some of the time, and failed at others, but chris lowry says they passed far more than they failed, and when they failed it was at much lower rates than the cardinal test suggests. For the test in february 13, 18 out of 85 samples fail. Thats 21 . Lowery e test failure in the context of all the tests that are passing. Cooper but you you have failures in the product. Youre still selling the product. And you dont inform the f. D. A. Anyoure not informing customers . Lowery it it its its important to understand that the no manufacturing process is perfect. You take that into cooper but these failures were above the Industry Standard. Youre allowed a certain amount of failures. When you actually fail a test, though, thats above the failure rate thats already built in. Lowery and a in the testing that we completed after believe that we were fully compliant with our requirements for the product as it had been cleared. Avenatti is that what he told you . Cooper yeah. Avenatti evidently he forgot the 11th commandment. Cooper which is . Avenatti do not lie to 60 minutes. Cooper the company had shown us this march 2013 lab report as part of its proof the gowns passed the test. But Attorney Michael Avenatti says thats not what really happened. Avenatti they claim to have submitted 79 sam a passed. Cooper they said they passed, yeah. Avenatti well, they didnt pass; they failed because they didnt submit 79 samples. They submitted 85 samples and, in fact, six of the samples werent even tested because the sleeves were so bad. The lab took them out of the package and they were so bad that they didnt even test them. Because it was obvious what was going to happen. Cooper and they didnt include that in as failures . Avenatti no, they didnt. And, in fact i mean, i brought the document that shows it. Its a spread sheet prepared cooper six failed, not tested due to unsealed seams. Lot fails. Youre saying this is an example of fuzzy math . Avenatti no, this isnt fuzzy math; this is fraud. Cooper when we asked halyard about this, the company acknowledged it had not told us about those untested samples but denied it was trying to deceive us. The company says even if a sleeve seam fail the risk of a doctor or nurse getting infected is extremely low. Lowery they would have to have some type of cut thatld allow transmission. The fect would have to be in th exactlace. The surgeon would have not covered the cu abrasion as they should have per their procedure. Theres so many factors that have to align for that to occur. Dr. Sherry wren i think its really easy for him toay that. But hes not the guy doing it. Vice chair of surgery at medicine. Universitschool of he gng to stand andthere volunteer toet me paint some hepatitis c blood on his arms and on his stoma . Probably not is going to be my gues cooper and youve had hepatitis c blood on your arms and on your stomach . Wren of course. Cooper dr. Wren specializes in gastrointestinal surgery, and isoauthor of guidel for surgeons operating on tients with ebola. She has no connection to the lawsuit nshaly but s es wear micrwnl fo whh e ewershewas eratinatitg onh shortly afr we record is surgery, dr. Wren toldshe got blood on her arms and hands three tis, while wearing three fferent microcool gowns and operating on another patient who soepatitis c. Weve been told that as long as okay. Wre is intact, youre ually with that case i finished operating at 5 00 in the morning anlooked down my hand. And i realized i had eroded off so i had ripped my own skin in cooper it does matter then to you that these gowns are impervious . Wren yes. Of course it matters. Do i really want to have somebody elses infectedodily fluids on my body . No, i do not. Cooper interl documents we obtained suggest the company knew for a long time that it had a problem. Which we is whynted to ask the c. O. O. Chris lowery out this november 2014 Powerpoint Presentation that identifies a yearandahg seams passing the industry st. ve weold th inovemb of 2014, a timeline was esente and your own people acknowledged at there was a year and a half period in which the sleeve seams didnt pass the test, which demonstrates the gown is imious. Ttr owery its not. Cooper this is the presentation and on the second ge it says lowery yeah. Cooper gap in sleeve seams passing astm 1671. It anho aear a ha if if ity, ivnot seen is presentation, to myrecolleco. And and so i donthink that its appropriate, particully ouof anyontext, to to iret cooper do you think stuff like this happens lery i i think and anrson, probably from a time persctive,f you dont mind cooper you want to stop . Lowery yeah, i mean, i think that we probably i think weve spent the time that we agreed to. Anteam . Cooper afturer haartold us it w not required to meet new more stringent testing criteria dung thagap shown on the timeline. By january 201 the cpany says it had new sealg machinesy in place to improve the quality of its sleeves. But before new machines were up and running, e company sold ousands of microcoolowns to the cdcs Stragic National stockpile medical supplies, fousin future outbreaks emgencies. Heafetyis conducting research ootective equipmen when it commissioned tests of gowns produced in 2014or the stockpilre were some sleeve failures in tut four batches tested. Are ral ortate ati s at all . Avenatti cant comme ntnat. Ey certainly shod be because ability this is crinal conduc coopeits mo recent annual report, halrd health saidt had been served with a oena that irelated to a United States departnt of justice investigation. The Justice Department and food and drug adminiration which regulates medil declined to comment further. E companys said to us bacally, theres no evid that anybody got sick or o died direclatetlreto a failure of any gowns. T was egregious wouldnt clear case that you could point to that ys, look,here was ebola or hiv or any other diseas avetti until now why would any doctor or nurse have any reason to question Kimberly Clarks representations regarding the effectiveness of this gown. Th sry may, in fact, be the rst timehat physicians and nurses who have contracted disease take atep back and say, you know, maybe howths i got it. Cooper since our story first aired, one of the people we interviewed former marketing ctor bnard v diezu of art attk. In mon rs sho at halyard healths corporate offices, asking to see ments gardins microcool gown cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial. Youre in charge. Could offer information on the Interest Rate hike. The origi shenaly cobra sold for nearly 14 million. I jumped at the to take the dna test throughestry and resul ended up being african, european and asia greas because it confirmed what i knew in my gut with a little surprise. Ancestry helped give me a sense of identity. Hey there, starting your search for the right ed car . I am you got just say show me millio of used cars for sale at the all new carfax. Com. But, i d want one thats had a bunch of owners just say, show me cars with only one owner pretty cool its perfect. Thats the power of carfax . Find the cars you want, avoid the ones you dont . Never underestate the power of ergizer. Stahl one sector of our economy after the next is being disrupted by new apps and web sites, like bookstes, taxis, hotels. Could the Banking Industry be next on the list . As we first reported in may, thousands of startups are challenging many aspects of banking. The newcomers argue that this important sector is too set in its ways. Its being called the financial technolo or fintech revolution. We looked at the birth of one Fintech Company founded by two young fintechies who started not unlike the founders of facebook and microsoft. Which one of you dpped out of harvard . John collison that was me. Stahl and which one of you dropped out of m. I. T. . John collison by elimination Patrick Collison right, i was the other one. Stahl brothers patrick and industry they thought needed a shaking up. Patrickson collin a wod where people canend a facebo message orort of uplan Instagram Photo and have it available to anyone anywhere in the wod like that, thinkhe fact that that doesnt work for kind of increaly, hostly,eems unacceptable to people. And so, i think the questionor banks is just can they get there first in providing these services . Or will it be somebody new . Stahl they want to be the sobody new. John, 26, and patrick, 27, first noticethe problem when t were in high school in dromineer, a dot oa town in ireland. And you were coders . John collison yeah, we had both learned to program owing up, and we had been building iphone apps, we had been building web services. Stahl but when they wanted to charge people to buy the apps they hit an unexpected snag they had to go to the bank and file paperwork just to be able to collect the money. Patrick collison like really convce them thatou were worth supporting John Collison and like a mortgage, itould have to be proved. Patrick collison right, exactly. And it would take sort of weeks happen. S approval process to and it just seemed sort of like this crazy mismatch. Shl so they decito domething about. They created software that allows businesses to cut through all that bureaucracy and instantly accept paymes online from countries across the globe, stripe, in the mission district, the t of san franciscos tech scene, where patrick showed up a moneycollection system set using stripe. Set me up pretend i left 60 minesto create an online business. Want to sell . Llison what do you stahl i think im going to llood. Homemade dog food. In five minutes, after a few clicks and a cut and paste of their code, he said my company would be ready to receive payment for homemade dog food online, right then and there. Stahld this iwhat wld take weeks and w and wee and fos and forms and verification and Patrick Collin and going to the banbran and waiting for papeork to be iled back to you and all this stuff. Stahl they developed softwa f buttons, letting companies accept ents online fast and in new ways. Stripe charges sellers a small percentage for every transaction. Does the buyer pay anything . Patrick collison the buyer pays nothing. Stahl nothing . Patrick collison correct. Stahl their goal is to make mo easy to send as e. For everyone, anywhere, on any device. Patrickollison we want to free businesses from just selling vicredit cards, you know, to people who hold bank accounts, and instead, enable people to Purchase Online no matter what it is that they use, bank account or no. Stahl and of course this needed the smart phone, it needed this move to mobile. Patrick collison for sure. Stahl stripe is hardly alone in inventing new Financial Technology or fintech. Theres a revolution Brewing Companies trying to make banking faster and cheaper and increasingly mobile. John collison matheny of Innovative Services in Financial Technology that have come along in the past ten years are not coming from bas. Wcomers are not challenging the the core function of ban taking deposits. Even the startups themselv park theoney they handle a f. D. I. C. Insured banks. Patrick collison ihink therell always be a need for so of somewhere to store y money, to have isi and we think, you know, for all their flaws, they have a lot of experience at g s, right . Rgetinnearly all the other functions of banking. Starps are peeling off one anotr,ypical offering them for less. Its called uundling the banks. Say you need a loan. Fintech sites match borrowers and lenders direct the way uber connects passengers with need financiallanning . Algorithms are replacing human advisers and brokers. Apps, like venmo, let people click money to each other similar to texting. And if you want to wire money across borders taavet im sending 500. Stahl the c. E. O. Of a Company Called transferwise showed us how his app can send money abroad and convert currencies, say dollars into pounds, without bank tellers and High Exchange rates. And a couple of clicks and, boom. Taavet clickclick, done. Stahl do you thinkt the g batoday see these fintech startups as the barbarians at the te . Vikram pandit well, theres certainly a lot of curiosity. Stahl what about fear . Pandit there can be some fear. Stahl vikram pandit, the former c. E. O. Of banking giant citigroup, says its the all toofamiliar tale david and goliath. Pandit a lot of what youre seeing in fintech is like what youre seeing with uber or airbnb. Of technology on travel. Stahl is that what fintech is doing to banking . Pandit its early days. And you know, banks are thinking about it, and theyre trying to understand what all this new technology can mean. Stahl it could mean trouble with millennials willing to ditch brand Name Companies for new apps on their phone. Max levchin the banks have not realized how different this generation is. Stahl max levchin, who co founded paypal and was an early investor in stripe, cites a adults would rather go to the dentist than to a bank. Levchin they dont really have a problem putting their Social Security number into a web form, but they have a terrible problem going up to a teller in a bank, and trying to figure out what exactly youre supposed to do. This is so inefficient. Why am i in this stogy, outdated room that is empty and marble stahl and its not just about technology. Theres also a question of trust. The millennials, their basically financial crisis. Theyre the ones who really dont trust the banks. Pandit and we know that many banks seed their o interts more than those of their consumers. Stahl youre criticizing a system, basically, that you helped create. Pandit well, theres no question the crisis demonstrated that the system didnt work. And when looked at the aftermath of the crisis, what needed to be done. U had to make sure banot back to the basics of banking, and that they had to address the trust issue. Stahl but in the meantime fintech started taking root. In the last year and a half, investors have poured over 20 billion into the sector, including this banking insider whos personally invested in a dozen fintech startups. He says that beyond making banking more convenient, tse companies can offer options to lowerincome families that cant afford to bank at banks; ten dont even have a bank account. You know, ive read that it is more expensive for a poor person to use the Banking System as it exists than for a wealthy person. How is that possible . Pandit tre bhere ak account fees on your checking accounts. There are commissions, there are exchange rates. It all adds up. Stahl and that doesnt happen with the new companies . Pandit the new companies, theyre transparent and they tell you what the fees are. And they are fraction of some of the fees that are chard by banks. John collison as services move onto the internet, they can provide the services more cheaply. And you know many these banks, they have hundreds of thousands of employees. Whereas as we see Financial Services moving online, they dont have to have a physical presence and pay for that. So you can eliminate hidden fees if your cost structure is lower. Stahl and im hearing eliminate jobs. I mean were talking about hundreds of thousands of jobs in the banking sector. Tellers and, you know, financial adsors, you name it. General logylwtenort of makesome jobs ls relevant, or perhaps, even obsolete, but i will say that the ea that sort of these people will find nothing else to do seems like its way too pessimistic on the capabilities of everyone as human beings, right . These stahl have you looked at the employment scene right now . Patrick collison i think itll take a while to adst. But when you think about just the creativity of people and what theyre capable of and the sort of aspirations and dreams theyre not capable of anythin more than sort of performing these automatable clerical tasks, i dont believe that for a second. Stahl there are issues with of banking jobs. Beyond the ls letting these new companies handle your money could be risky because there are concerns theyre inadequately regulated. And theres also the issue of online security. Patrick collison people have been trying to steal money for as long as money has existed. And, the best we can sort of sort of design security in the most thoughtful and sort of robust way possible. And thats what we set out to do with se. Stahl and its notike the big banks havent been breached by hackers. So is fiech the next uber . Of the financial industry. Ce and e weul and rich old guard is fighting back, its lobby already pushing for more regulation to curb the wcers; and scrambling to ap rth fintec som looking at a technology called blockchain thats behind digital currenciesbitc like n. Patrick collison i think its kind of human nature to always wanto see these things as a competitive dynamic, that and one of them is going to have lo. John collison its not as black and ite. Patrick collison yeah. Stahldo you think what you have can be brght to a bank like wells fargo or j. P. Morgan can they integrate this or its either one othe other . Patrick collison i think they can be part of it, they can be part of sort of the infrastructure that powers it. And, again, we work with wells fargo and many other banks day. But i think that they can only be part of it. They cant be sort of the agents driving it forward. Stahl he says that over one in four americans online have used stripe in the last year, including on sites like facebook and twitter, and Department Stores like saks and macys. The software is embedded on both apple pay and android pay, and its already helped hundreds of thousands of businesses accept money online. Patrick collihereso tou go stahl oh stiff competition, likpaypal covers of rbes and tour aroldompany is now valued 5 billion. Not bad for two brothers who not long ago to theink branch forpprova a major tenological sht like thisits not clear that automacally, the exiing financial players are the ones who are ing toin. Sta even tugh theyre huge and powful. Ohn collison i mean, there were plenty huge retailsbemazos little, you know, upstart from seattle you know, in just a few shyears, gobbled gobbled up the bs. Uses stahl nks are so rich. Do you worry that they are going toe and buy you out . Patck collison well, luckily weave a say in that. And we want to build a longterm independent company. S you want to buy them out. ughter in the months sie we first broadcast this story, the fintech world suffered a black eye. Lendingclub, once the poster child of online loans, has been tarnished by revelations of improper lending. Its led to the ouster of its c. E. O. , a Justice Department investigation, shares dropping and discussion of more this cbs sports update is brought to you by the lincoln motor compy. This afternoon in rio, t united statebeat sbia in the mebasketballol medal gin domina. Kevirant had 30 point at team u. S. A. Wins its third consecutive gold medal and six of last seven in olympic play. Overall it was the 46th gold medal for team u. S. A. , giving them a commanding lead in the final medical count with 12 more nor sports news and information, go to cbssports. Com. This has been steve obermeyer cbssports. Com. This has been steve obermeyer reporting. Theand you stay put. Taking the legwork out of stop and go traffic. And even hills. Thats the more human sidef engineering. This is the lincoln summer invitation, hurry in now to your dealer for limited time offers. Lease a lincoln x for 349 a month or get 0 apr for 60 months if youve gone to extremes to escape your nasal allergies. Try clarispray. New, from the makers of claritin. And nothing is more effective at relieving your sneezing, runny nose and nasal congestion. Return to the world. Try clarispray today. Im going first. No youre not, you went first last time. Why are those lines on my floor . A distance contest. I already made it from this line. Lifes bleachable moments need clorox bleach. Jamie foxx here for verizon. Did you know verizon has more than three times the 4g lte coverage of sprint . And im jamie foxx for sprint. Pretty much the same coverage if you squint. You are not jamie foxx spri is last natnally in 4g lte coverage. Well, who is going to notice . What about the left side of the country, huh . This part of texas, california, new york, etetera . announcer vo dont get fooled by cut rate networks. Get the best. And now get up to four free Samsung Galaxy phones, four lines and sixteen gigs woman its been a journey to get where i am. And i didnt get here alone. There were people who listened along the way. People who gave me options. Kept me on track. And through it all, my retirement never got left behind. So today, im prepared for anything we may want tomorrow to be. Every someday needs a plan. Pelley this past fall,e you about a shinamed for st. Joseph that sank in a terrible storm moran 200 ars ago. Half the passengers survived, but the sea closed over more than 200 men, women and children who were locked belothe deck. You would think a disaster like that would be legendary, but the st. Oseph was a slave ship, and the screams bursting from the hold were thcries of today, the silence of those lost ices iunbearable to lonnie bunch. Hes the founding director of the Smithsonians National museum of African American history and culture, scheduled to open in september in washington. Bunch found that to tell history, the smithsonian would have to make history. And so began a quest for the remains of a shipwreck in a land so unchanged that an 18th century slave would recognize it today as the last shore he called home. Mozambiquesland defies the erosion of time. The portuguese colonists who claimed it 500 years ago would still find the cut of the cloth that borrows the wind as familiar as the cut of the stone that framed their city. Capital of the slave trade because he was determined to launch americas new National Museum on the remains of a ship. Lonnie bunch i thought it wouldnt be hard, so i called museums around the world and said, okay, look, you must have some things. You must know where i can get some material. And everybody said, nope. And they said to me, well, lonnie, almost every slave ship was at the end of its life, so its probably at the ocean floor. And then i got scared. Then i thought, well, im not going to be able to find this. Pelley Mozambique Island south of the equator. It was one of the points in what was called the triaular tradegoods from europe to africa, slaves to the new world, and cotton, gold and tobacco back to the old. In the 1400s, the portuguese were the first europeans to trade in slaves, and they became the largest, followed by the english, french, spanish and dutch. On Mozambique Island, the they called st. Sebastian for the Christian Martyr who was captured, chained, and murdered in rome in the year 288. The irony of that name was the only thing here the portuguese failed to grasp. You know, when you look at the enormous effort that went into building this fort, they were protecting something that was hugely valuable to them. Bunch they recognized that the key to their future as nations with Economic Prosperity was the slave trade. Pelley the fort oversaw the trafficking of more than 400,000 slaves. Bunch was certain there had to be evideof a ship, and he oniscovered he wasnt the only one looking. Decio muianga give me a hand. Pelley he found a group of researchers calling themselves the slave wrecks project, and they were following a promising lead. What do we find down here . Muiangary i a veeresting thing. The slave wrecks project locate the beginning of t story. Muianga this is a tunnel that was used to put slaves inside the island, or put them out of the island, as well. Pelley under the old portuguese town, tunnels connected holding ns to the the devout portuese preferred to keep slaves in transit out of sight. How were these slaves captured . Muianga some individuals, african individuals, specialize in capturing slaves. So, theyll go and raid villages and they walked, chained, all the way from there to here. And of course, lots of them died on the way. Pelley so these were africans. Muianga yes. Pelley . Capturing africans . Muianga yes. Yes, it was not only a business for the portuguese the europeans in this case but also for the some of the local chiefs, as well. Pelley those local chiefs came to this auction house to sell captives to european clients. Bunch a male in the late 1,500, which is probably about, oh, 9,000 to 15,000 toda pelley this was incredibly lucrative. Bunch in theears before the civil war, the amounof money invested in slaves was more than the amount of moyinve ed in railads, banks, and businesses combined. Thisas the economic engine of europe a the utestates. Byhe timu got re. Pelley the enslaved marched from the auction house down th ramp and on to the ships bunch what you probably had was almost an assemblyine. Youd bring people, youd sell peop. Then, you would move them onto e boats and off to the new world. Pelley what does black america need to hear, in your estimation, from the echoes off these steps . Bunch i think all americans need to recognize that, as tragic and horrible as slavery as it cast, the one thing it didnt do was strip people of their humanity. And i wish that all of us were as strong as the people that walked down thossteps and got on those boats. Steve lubkemann were wading out into the tidal flats. P if lonnie bunch was to find his slave ship, he would need steve lubkemann, cofounder of the slave wrecks project. Hes an anthropologist from George Washington univsity who believes that slavery is the greatest story iri archaeology. Lubkemann think about the way in which computers nowadays affect all of our lives. Its not just. It doesnt affect just the computing industry. Everything is interlinked and depends on this. And the slave trade, in its time, was truly the equivalent. Reached into and influenced and created the modern world. Pelley even so, its not likely much has survived were not talking about a hull that youre going to find down there, and masts, and all of that, that you would imagine in your minds eye . Lubkemann we dont find intact ships. We find parts of ships, you have to go underneath the water, add some difficulty to this, find the pieces, try to put them back together. And put together the story that you can. Y t ple story lubkemann was searching for wasnt discovered underneath the ter. His ship was lost in the dry offici records of cape town, south africa, which reckach ba the 1600s. The slave wrecks project had been diving into these binders for months when they discovered the st. Joseph, known in the ao jose arriv ato jose. The cargo manifest records 1,500 iron bars for ballast and re than 400 slaves bound r this is a cao sketch fro differt, but typical, ship. Curator of theis a hrian ofslavn smonian se. Paul gardullo bodies and souls laid side by side with no omo atiove, no many people on these voyages died. Pelley how long was that journey . Gardullo a journey like the one the sao jose took would. Could ta up toour or me hs. Pelley this is slavery on a Global Industrial scale. Throh the 19th c,enryut 1500 through the late 1800s, were lking out at least 12 million people. Pelley off cape town, south africa, the captain of the sao jose was caught between a Violent Storm and a nautical chart spik with warnings whittle rock, bellows rock, the sao jose crashed, 212 slaves were killed. And because money had been lost, there was an investigation. Interviews with survivors have survived. Lubkemann this is the crews account, and right here, we have the captains account. And he signed his name here, 220 years ago. Pelley incredible. Lubkemann he said he decided to save the slaves and the people. The people are the crew; the slaves are just cargo. Pelley the 200yearold investigation pinpointed the site. And in 2010, divers, responding to a metal detector, discovered bars of iron. One of those divers is jaco boshoff, an archaeologist with south africas iziko museum, and lubkemanns partner in founding the slave wrecks project. Bars we mentioned a moment ago on the sao jose manifest, the ballast for the ship. So you actually were excavating the sand on the sea bottom, this stuff was under the sand. Jaco boshoff under the sand. Pelley so youre in how much water . Boshoff about five meters of water. Pelley about 15 to 20 feet of water . Boshoff thats correct. Pelley and then these are two feet und the sd below that. Boshoff thats right. Pelley turns out Shallow Water only makes the work harder. Surf tosses the divers. And sand, vacuumed away, settles ba but, after more than 300 dives, this is what theyve recovered so far. These e nails that pinned sheets of copper over the hull for protection. What looks like a lump of concrete is marine growth on a wooden pulley block, similar to this one used to hoist sails and cao. This xray shows the two white spaces where rope was threaded the dirs discovered wood that a lab would later trace back to mozambique. And this may be the most revealing artifact of all masked by two centuries under the xrays show a shackle, similar to this, used to bind slaves. Boshoff so theres a long bar running through. And shackles had. Often were on a long bar, the leg shackles especially. Pelley so a long iron bar rouwith a metal ring . Boshoff thatt and in this particular ce, leg shackles. Pelley leg shackle hoff thats rig. Pelley have you found everything thats down there now . Boshoff no, not at all. Not even close. Weve got a lot more to do. Weve only scratched the surface at this stage. Pelley how can you be sure that the wreck you found off cape town is, in fact, the sao jose . Lubkemann there are certain types of artifacts that are found on this wreck that put us within a particular time that i think are very important. We have an account that gives enormous specificity, in terms of geographic location, and it tells us the bay in which it was located. Finall we find a document in lisbon that says the sao joses manifest when it left lisbon, and the first item on that said, 1,500 bars of iron ballast. U put all of thosefe lines of evidence together, its almost statistically impossible that it could be anything else. Pelley they are the first artifacts known to be preserved from a ship on a voyage of slavery, and they will anchor the slavery exhibit this fall when lonnie bunch opens the National Museum of African American history and culture on the mall in washington. Bunch the story of slavery is everybodys story. It is the story about how were all shaped by, regardless of weve been in this country. We hope that we can be a factor to both educate america around this subje, but maybe more importantly, help americans finally wrestle with this, talk about it, debate it, because only through that conversation can we ever find the reconciliation, the healing that i think we all want. Lonnie bunch has some surprising ideas about how to approach a painful past. Here at outback, its the big steak crab bash. You get half a pound of sweet, snow crab legs. Paired with our new, tender,centecut sirloin. Hurry in. The outback steak crab bash starts at just 14. 99. We always were told we were german. We were in a german dance group. I wore lederhosen. So i just started poking around on ancestry. Then, i decided to have my dna tested through it turns out im scottish. So, i traded in my lederhosen for a kilt. I dont want to live with the uncertainties of hep. Or wonder whether i should seek treatment. 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