Corporate funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support is provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. From the tisch wnet studios in Lincoln Center in new york, this is pbs newshour weekend. Larson good evening. Thanks for joining us. Im john larson. Hari sreenivasan will join us later from aspen, colorado. We begin tonight in israel, where authorities today arrested six men they believe are responsible for the revenge murder of a Palestinian Teenager. The 16yearold was beaten and burned alive an incident apparently sparked by the kidnapping and murder of three israeli teenagers. The arrests were one of several important developments in israel today. For more we are joined once again tonight via skype from jerusalem by Josef Federman of the Associated Press. Joe, thanks again for joining us. What do we know about the arrests today . Well, israeli authorities have Just Announced they arrested several us is expect, but havent given the official number, but officials are saying there are six people in custody, the arrests took place this morning and everybody is still being interrogated right now. We dont know their identifications yet and we dont have their names but we know that they are jewish, we know that they are young men, in fact some of them are even below the age of 18, they have been identified as minors and they come from the jerusalem area. You dont know anything about their affiliations or what might be behind this, but 24 hours ago th werent even sure whether or not it was nationalistic in its nature. Exactly. That is why this is such a significant breakthrough, because really it points us in the direction that pal sinnians certainly are suspected and a lot of israelis had feared that it was nationalistic, initially police had been looking into possible criminal motives or personal motives but now they have identified the direction from which it came. Joe, i read a description of the palestinian mother of the palestinian boy who was killed of her reaction saying that regardless of who was arrested, she didnt trust what was going to happen and she said, you know, they should treat whoever is arrested their families like they treat our families, burn their houses it was an angry response, to what extent do you think this arrest will matter to the Palestinian Community . I think what the mother expressed is a common sentiment. There is a lot of distrust toward the israeli authorities, relations are bad and they have been bad for a long time. That said, the situation on the ground seems to be calming today, you see a lot of efforts by the israeli Prime Minister who went on national tv just in the past few minutes to urge calm. Israels president shimon peres, a Nobel Peace Prize winner urging calm and to work with palestinian leaders where there have been violent protests in the last few days to Work Together to get things back to normal. In addition in East Jerusalem in the neighborhoods i saw heaviest rioting things are moving back to normal today we see marketplaces reopening, we see the streets are reopening to traffic and people going back to their routines so the signs are things are be going calm down. What about the investigation into the three israeli teens . Where does that stand . That continues, and i know it is a high priority for the israelis, today we are told that it is possibly a significant arrest because it took place in the same town in hebron, the city of the west bank where the suspected killers were still on the loose, where they come from, so there is some speculation that todays arrests were significant. With that said, israel has arrested probably about 400 people so far in this ongoing investigation. So no immediate signs of a breakthrough. I understand there may be developments in another incident, a beating by Israeli Police of an american teenager, the cousin of the Palestinian Teen who was killed, any news on that . Absolutely. He also is in the same neighborhood from his cousin who was killed. He was beaten very bad by Israeli Security troops during one of the demonstrations the other day. He was released from israeli custody today. He was in pretty bad shape, two black eyes, his mouth, his face is all swollen but he has been released to house arrest and been ordered to stay with his family while this investigation continues. We spoke to him very briefly and just said he is happy to be home. co Josef Federman of the Associated Press from jerusalem, once again we thank you. Thank larson from pakistan tonight, word that the father of a young woman who was stoned to death has now been charged with her killing. Two brothers, a cousin and another man were also charged. The 25yearold victim was killed before a crowd of onlookers six weeks ago in a so called honor killing. Family members were angered that she had refused to marry the man they chose for her and instead had married another man she loved. She was reportedly three months pregnant at the time of her death. Terrorists have struck again in east africa. Authorities in kenya say at least 29 people were killed in a series of attacks by al shabab extremists from neighboring somalia. One kenyan official said later, they went around shooting at people and villages indiscriminately. For more, we are joined now via skype from Nairobi Kenya by heidi vogt of the wall street journal. Heidi, thanks for joining us, what more do we know about this particular incident . Well, this was sort of twin attacks in two areas, about 90 kilometers apart. We had gunmen going to these villages. We do have some witnesses saying that they were targeting christian men, which is something we saw in attacks a few weeks ago, but we also have reports that they may have been trying to get prisoners or just going in shooting. Now this is the latest inni a series of attacks, correct . We are familiar with the horrible attacks on the Shopping Center in nairobi but there has been a series now. Yes. The most recent attack like this that drew a lot of attention to this Eastern Region of kenya was just about three weeks ago around where we had some 60 people killed, slaughtered, really, night attackers went door to do asking if people were muslims or christians, so these are just not isolated incidents. We all heard about kenya being sort of this shining hope for democracy. We have seen western businesses, lots of tourism in the area. What effects have these attacks had on those . Kenya is not just the shining hope, it is, it really has been the stabilizing factor for this whole region. I mean, when you look at its neighbors you have somalia in, south sudan and kenya has been a country that has gone into negotiate and sent troops in in some cases and that western powers have used as a partner to try to combat the terrorist threat across east africa. So if kenya is a place that suddenly is unsafe, uncertain, it raises a lot more questions for what that means for the entire east african region. Now, how big of a threa, thrs alshabab and what is their ties to other islamic extremist groups in the world. They are affiliated with al qaeda and it has been in a major destabilizing force in the region. They have been working against the Somali Government obviously for years. Now a lot of these attacks in kenya they say are in retaliation for kenyan forces going in and trying to help put down that insurgency in somalia, so it is, it really has had an effect through a lot of kenya as well. Heidi vogt of the wall street journal from kenya. Thanks so much for joining us. Thank you. Larson new revelations about National Security agency data leaked by former nsa analyst Edward Snowden. In an article published today, the Washington Post said it reviewed more than 160thousands emails and instant message conversations, and another 8,000 documents that were collected between 2009 and 2012. The paper says ordinary internet users, american and nonamerican alike, far outnumber legally targeted foreigners in the communications intercepted by the National Security agency. The paper reports that nearly half of the files contained details that the nsa identified as being from us citizens or residents. The report also found that some of the communications captured by the nsa did contain significant intelligence value, including a secret overseas nuclear project, doubledealing by an ostensible ally, and the identities of aggressive intruders into u. S. Computer networks. The federal government today announced new rules that will require passengers flying to the United States from some overseas airports to power up their phones and laptops before boarding. The move comes amidst growing concern that terrorists are trying to fashion new kinds of bombs, possibly disguised as electronic devices. The nations director of Homeland Security talked about the decision today on meet the press. We know that there remains a terrorist threat to the United States and Aviation Security is a large part of that. Larson it continues to be an exceptionally violent weekend in chicago. City Officials Say five people were killed and 11 wounded in a series of shooting incidents overnight. At least 37 people have been shot there since the start of the holiday weekend, including 5 shot by police. Scientists in pennsylvania believe chemical discharges are behind the discovery of intersex fish male fish, carrying eggs. Researchers say that fish in three major rivers the ohio, delaware, and susquehanna have been affected. A researcher for the u. S. Geological survey says the chemicals apparently come from both agricultural pesticides and sewage discharges. And a sign of the times the library at the university of south florida has announced that it will soon start lending out drones to students. Its believed to be a first on college campuses. A School Official said each of the fivepound drones, that come with a video camera, will be used to map the campus as well as for engineering and marine science projects. In case you are wondering, the students will be working under the supervision of faculty. As we mentioned earlier, Hari Sreenivasan was at the aspen ideas festival in aspen, colorado this week. While there, he had a conversation about a different aspect of internet privacy or the lack of it about all the Information Companies are gathering about you and how they use it. His interview was with julia angwin, a Senior Reporter at propublica and the author of the book dragnet nation. Post Edward Snowden has the conversation changed are more people aware in the last year of not just nsa and the data they are gathering, but all the data a that exists . Yes. I think people are more aware. It is still surprises me how much people are not aware, so it is not just the nsa, all of these companies or even when you go to a Shopping Mall they may be setting up the wifi stickers that sort of ping your phone to see who is walking by. The ubiquity of surveillance is really hard for people to grasp. In the investigations you have done, there are tons of research being done about it and data being generated what are weigh that our data is being used by companies in ways that we dont know about . It is from totally innocuous to creepy. One thing i like to point out one thing that is innocuous like the ad tracking, they track you from site to site and track your interests, even that can be disturbing in the wrong context, onestory i tout in my book is about a woman who was not hurt to, not out to hurt colleagues but every single ad referred to, you know, she was outed. So even the most innocuous data gathering can have strange impacts that are hard to predict. Do your consumers have rights to look at the data that a commercial Company Might have on us and then dispute that if that is wrong . No. We dont have that right. So we are one of the only western nations that doesnt have a law that allows us to see the data that commercial gatherers have. So most countries dont let you see the information, intelligence agencies have obviously but commercial data gatherers in most countries, canada, europe, the uk you can go to them and say show me the information and if it is wrong you can correct orr ask for correction but we dont have that here so i tried to find where my data was, identified 200 data records and able to see my file, 13 of them. Of those 13, were they all accurate . No, so that is irritating. Of the 13, there were probably five or six that were very accurate, there were addresses of everywhere i lived and even one of them had the number on my dorm room in college, which i had forgotten, and every phone number, my relatives and all sort of things, they were very accurate. And another category, though, of people who basically tagged me because i live in harlem, in habit as a lowincome single mother with very low education levels and that is not true. And is this data being protected or is private information about us being traded all around us . Well, our private information is being traded all around us. Sadly it has become a commodity so the data brokers buy and sell from each other all the time, and trade information so if one of them has your style and another has the hunting license they may buy and trade that information and similarly the people who track you online on ads that follow you around from site to site, they also trade information about you on actual market like the new york stock exchange, there are actually instants, millisecond level transactions so when you arrival at a website a little auction, oh, who wants to bid on him . There is like a biddingable in milliseconds and you get the ad for the person who bid the most. So what is the recourse . With Credit Reports, if we get a bad one, technically there is a way for us to challenge it or find the information but that is a very specific style. Right. You are talking about information anything from our healthcare data to our shopping history. Right. I mean, i dont know that i have a perfect solution but i would say that Credit Reports are a good starting place because the key things that we are given rights over with our Credit Report is we get to see them and we get to dispute them and that has been the baseline for the privacy laws in other countries i was mentioning that give right to see the data about them and dispute it. And if you want to make a decision of any significance like the very minimum that i want to see it and dispute it. So that is what the ftc and the. Administration have both called for legislation which would allow that, which is basically they call it the privacy bill of rights, but but there has been no action in congress on that. Julie age win, thanks, angwin thanks so much for your time. Larson our colleagues at Public Television station kvie in sacramento, california, recently produced a documentary about a disease found in seven southwestern and western states a disease that scientists arent even sure how to treat. Its called valley fever. And the number of diagnosed cases has risen dramatically in the past 15 years. This excerpt is from the documentary deadly dust valley fever in the west. Jason shoultz reports. It was the very first weekend, and she woke up from her sleep, just not feeling good and then she looked really tired and she had a cough that wouldnt go away. Finally, there was a doctor that said this isnt pneumonia. But he knew just by looking at the spot on the xray he recognized it right away h it ws valley fever. 40 percent of people who come down with symptoms are able to keep their, the fungus in check in their lungs, but for others, the fungus does not stay put, it can spread to other parts of the body causing anythng from skin lesions to serious joint pain or worse. And if it spreads, particularly if it spreads to the brains or the ming jess the cover of the brain then that is a disease. That is going to have huge consequences for that person for their entire life. But valley fever in its early stages isnt always taken seriously. Even in communities in arizona or california san joaquin centrally where the fungus is found throughout the soil. Oh, it is just like the flu and your system can fight it unless your immune system is low, that is not always the case. There are very Healthy People who get it and cant fight it off. Cathys brother max was a healthy, active 56yearold who contracted valley fever. It was misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and spread throughout his body. He died five months later. I would not wish this disease on anyone. For those few people who are going to get this, the faster they get the correct diagnosis, they have the better chance of having a better recovery rather than a pro locked recovery if it takes two or threemonth to get the diagnosis. Miss diagnosis is just one of the challenges of valley fever. Because people respond so differently to the disease and antifungal drugs can have side effects there is actually disagreement on treatment. We treat basically almost every one, whereas in arizona they are more selective and try to look for people who seem to have risk factors for doing poorly before they initiate therapy. We dont have data that approves whose approach is actually best. Literally early treatment alters the course. It has never been proven in a randomized trial the way we know bacterianeumonia responds to antibiotics and get better faster for this, some think early treatment may alter the immune response must have that symptoms are prolonged. Attention in Research Funding given to valley fever pails in comparison to other high profile diseases from 1999 to 2012 there were about 37,000 west nile virus cases but in one year alone, 2011 there were 22,000 reported cases of valley fever, almost twothirds as many. Despite that, the National Institutes of Health Funding for Valley Fever Research is just four percent of west nile. Because there is no cure, patients who have survived valley fever end up regularly taking antifungal medications to prevent it from spreading again. I say it is like a watermelon. It attacked his ankle in 2004. Jack didnt even live in the endemic centrally fever area when he caught the disease. It turns out he breathed in the spores while simply driving through the San Joaquin Valley. You cant fill jobs for, you can get it from the air and find its way to my nose or nostrils, you know. A decade after that fateful breath in the cab of his truck, jack now drives 1,700 miles roundtrip from idaho to uc davis medical center, several times each year for treatment. He will take antifungal medication for the rest of his life. I am fortunate that my employer covers the cost of my medicines, because right now, i think it is about 3,500, 4,000 dollars a month. The medicine i am on my dream would be if you walk in the door with pneumonia or even just with fever for a couple of days, you are not quite sure what it is that there is a simple, inexpensive test that will say, okay, you have got valley fever, you dont. We dont have that right now. Valley fever also runs rampant inside some of californias san joaquin Larson Valley fever also runs rampant inside some of californias San Joaquin Valley prisons. The disease has been blamed for the deaths of dozens of prisoners and some prison staff. California spends about 23 Million Dollars a yeararing for prisoners with valley fever. To see more from the kvie documentary deadly dust valley fever in the west visit newshour. Pbs. Org. This is pbs newshour weekend sunday. An opera that is opening at the Lincoln Center festival in new york an opera thats opening at the Lincoln Center festival in new york on thursday had its u. S. Premier at the houston grand opera in texas this past january, where our sister station, houston public media, spoke with some of the people involved in the production. Its called the passenger and its based on a radio play and novel of the same name by a concentration camp survivor, Zofia Posmysz. The opera tells the story of two women during the holocaust. One, a prisoner at auschwitz and the other, her ss overseer. Its interesting that Zofia Posmysz herself said when she first heard the opera that she didnt think anyone could ever capture the experience of what, not a day in auschwitz was like, but what 15 minutes in auschwitz was like. She said you didnt try to think about surviving for a day. You tried to think about how to get through the next 15 minutes3 the fact that what youre witnessing is a human story about two young girls, and these girls should have met in a University Canteen and squabbled about a boyfriend and helped one another with their essay, but this university is called auschwitz and one is on one side of the line and the others on the other, even this hell is a human story. Its a story about human beings. I cannot bear this separation. I dream constantly of you. It doesnt ask us to tell each other why or how could this happen. All it asks of us is that we remember that this happened. One question. Oneone thing. One demand. Remember. Before we leave you tonight, a prominent human life lawyer in saudi arabia was sent today, sentenced today to 15 years in prison. He was tried for sedition, for among other things showing disrespect toward authorities. Authorities in california say a wildfire that burned more than 4,000 acres in napa county is now 80 percent contained. And former u. S. Senator alan dixon has died. The illinois democrat was 86. Join us on air and online tomorrow, i am john larson. Good night. Captioning sponsored by wnet captioned by Media Access Group at wgbh access. Wgbh. Org pbs newshour weekend is made possible by Corporate Funding is provided by mutual of america designing customized individual and Group Retirement products. Thats why we are your retirement company. Additional support is provided by and by the corporation for public broadcasting and by contributions to your pbs station from viewers like you. Thank you. Erer a really wonderful little talent. I began with her getting her so that she was a master at the keyboard and she is still. Benjamin britten was like a prodigy. There is no one quite like him. Its definitely his own language. Thats what makes it difficult to play his music. The greats of tomorrow, today on stage at curtis. [applause] let me tell you about the. Eginning of jenny chen