2 column measurements from the ESA SENTINEL-5 satellite (
40) from 1 May 2018 to 17 June 2020. The satellite-based dataset allows us to include countries where ground monitor data are not available and provides a second set of results in regions where ground monitor data are available. Surface-level NO
2 concentrations are estimated from column measurements using two different methods for robustness (see Materials and Methods). This dataset of air quality measurements is combined with population density data provided by the Center for International Earth Science Information Network (
41) to quantify population-weighted average exposure in each region before and during the lockdown restrictions.
These air quality measurements are combined with the indicator of the stringency of lockdown measures developed by Hale
Air pollution impacts of COVID-19–related containment measures
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University of Eindhoven students push for drone revolution
A hotspot for drones, that s epitomizes the student team SyFly at TU Eindhoven. Drones can contribute to a sustainable and liveable earth in a unique way.
20 May 2021
© SyFly
“A drone is an amazing device that can fly without human intervention. This means that there is an infinite number of applications,” says Aabharan Hemanth, team member of SyFly. A drone operates in an area ranging from a few meters to tens of meters above the ground, often in spaces that we find difficult to reach by any other means. Airplanes and helicopters, for example, fly much higher. Hemanth and the team state that this offers plenty of new opportunities.
Climate change is expanding Antarctica s sea ice, according to a scientific study in the journal Nature Geoscience.
The paradoxical phenomenon is thought to be caused by relatively cold plumes of fresh water derived from melting beneath the Antarctic ice shelves.
This melt water has a relatively low density, so it accumulates in the top layer of the ocean.
The cool surface waters then re-freeze more easily during Autumn and Winter.
This explains the observed peak in sea ice during these seasons, a team from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) in De Bilt says in its
.
Climate scientists have been intrigued by observations that Antarctic sea ice shows a small but statistically significant expansion of about 1.9% per decade since 1985, while sea ice in the Arctic
Minimal sun protection required for normal activity.
Wear sunglasses on bright days. If outside for more than one hour, cover up and use sunscreen.
Reflection off snow can nearly double UV strength, so wear sunglasses and apply sunscreen on your face.
Moderate
3-5
Take precaution by covering up, and wearing a hat, sunglasses and sunscreen, especially if you will be outside for 30 minutes or more.
Look for shade near midday when the sun is strongest.
High
Protection required - UV damages the skin and can cause sunburn.
Reduce time in the sun between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. and take full precaution by seeking shade, covering up exposed skin, wearing a hat and sunglasses, and applying sunscreen.
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