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Researchers from Skoltech (Russia) and their colleagues from SINTEF (Norway) have developed a mathematical model of freezing water droplets moving in cold air. This model is a part of a joint RFBR-supported Russian-Norway research project. The project is focused on predicting ice accretion on ships and other offshore structures operated in Arctic climate, which may interfere with their proper functioning and endanger crew members and cargo. The paper was published in the journal
Energies.
Ships travel in cold northern waters under constant bombardment by tiny water droplets populating the chilly air. The droplets are expelled into the air at the impact of sea waves on the ship hull or other surfaces. When they reach the ship s substructure, these semi-frozen droplets can either bounce off or stick. The probability of the droplets sticking to the wall depends on their freezing state, i.e., completely frozen droplets simply bounce off, while others lead to different scena
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Credit: MU College of Education
COLUMBIA, Mo. In her 16 years teaching algebra, Amy Dwiggins has seen countless students struggle with the seemingly abstract subject.
But the creation of new, online professional development materials at the University of Missouri could help teachers like Dwiggins, who teaches Algebra 2 and Geometry at Macon High School in Macon, Missouri, teach their students more effectively. Algebra can be a tough subject to learn if the students don t find it applicable to their daily lives, Dwiggins said. But we use critical thinking and problem-solving skills all the time, and math is a big part of that. So we, as teachers, need to find creative ways to spark students interests in a way that makes them more motivated to learn.
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Although the problem of gender discrimination is already found in the music industry, music recommendation algorithms would be increasing the gender gap. Andrés Ferraro and Xavier Serra, researchers of the Music Technology research group (MTG) of the UPF Department of Information and Communication Technologies (DTIC), with Christine Bauer, of the University of Utrecht (Netherlands), have recently published a paper on gender balance in music recommendation systems in which they ask themselves how the system should work to avoid gender bias.
At the outset, the authors identified that gender justice was one of the artists main concerns
Initially, the work by Ferraro, Serra and Bauer aimed to understand the fairness of music platforms available online from the artists point of view. In interviews conducted with music artists, they identified that gender justice was one of their main concerns.
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In most living animals, egg cells are vastly larger than sperm cells. In humans, for example, a single egg is 10 million times the volume of a sperm cell.
In a new study, Northwestern University researchers found that competition and natural selection drove this curious size discrepancy.
Using mathematical modeling, the researchers considered a time very early in evolution when primordial species reproduced using external fertilization. In the model, bigger reproductive cells, or gametes, presented a competitive edge because they could hold more nutrients for a potential zygote. Smaller gametes, however, required fewer resources to make, which put less stress on the parent.