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Known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy — or cte. its what alix believes has happened to him, and notjust in the games themselves. the amount of contact i did in training for my clubs, the amount of games that i played — its most probably more than 100,000. when you turn professional — driving line—outs, tackling, bone on bone, 15 against 15 — there was always contact every day. we only see in people whove had a history of brain injury, this chronic traumatic encephalopathy. a direct...

And that makes you... it begs the question, really, why would you not have done more about it? if world rugby knew, im sure the unions knew, as well. by now, scientists were becoming increasingly worried, notjust by big concussions, but also subconcussive blows that left no initial symptoms. evidence was mounting these could cause a form of dementia known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy — or cte. its what alix believes has happened to him, and notjust in the games themselves. the amount of...

Evidence was mounting these could cause a form of dementia known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy — or cte. its what alix believes has happened to him, and notjust in the games themselves. the amount of contact i did in training for my clubs, the amount of games that i played — its most probably more than 100,000. when you turn professional — driving line—outs, tackling, bone on bone, 15 against 15 — there was always contact every day. we only see in people whove had a history of br...

Evidence was mounting these could cause a form of dementia known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy — or cte. its what alix believes has happened to him, and notjust in the games themselves. the amount of contact i did in training for my clubs, the amount of games that i played — its most probably more than 100,000. when you turn professional — driving line—outs, tackling, bone on bone, 15 against 15 — there was always contact every day. we only see in people whove had a history of br...

Just bone on bone. then theres holes in the bones, and then that was irritating some of the tendons that go across it, and so it was just constantly inflamed, and very sore. >> bill works in finance for a company called sanford health. he saw a sanford doctor about his wrist pain who prescribed anti-inflammatory drugs that managed pain but did not heal. then his doctor saw a presentation by this man whose clinic in munich was partnering with sanford. it was for a treatment using stem cells. >> f...

>> good to see you. >> have a seat. >> and even the simplest of greetings, this handshake would have been nearly impossible just eight months ago. >> day-to-day, shaking hands was very painful. >> range of motion is back. >> putting on my jacket, reaching up, like anything that had to do with bending my wrist down was painful. tucking in my shirt hurt and it -- it just got to be so every once in a while id wake up in the middle of the night and it would be aching and it was something needed to h...

This is the disease over here. is this whats causing the problem? >> thats the loss of cartilage thats at the end of the bone. >> arthritis, the inflammation is causing the pain? >> absolutely. >> we got a glimpse of this. this is a model. show us how this works. >> we take the bones and shape the ends of the bone. i want to take the implant off to show you. three dimensional cuts. they are from the front. this is from the side. the implants basically replacing the bone we take out. >> how much ...

Away, the coast goes to $344 billion, again, due to obesity. you start to take a macro look at all this, overall, the expenditures, percentage of overall health care spending, about 21%. why? simply because america is too fat. that doesnt take into account what is happening into your body. let me show you a couple things as a doctor. we talk about the effect on heart disease all the time. you look at someones heart specifically, you go in, start to strip away the heart, what can happen, blood ve...

Faster, makes it more difficult to sustain itself and potentially lead to heart failure. a huge problem. also something simpler, like this. this is an x-ray of somebodys knee. take a look over here, one bone on top of one another, cartilage has disappeared, bone on bone, painful, a result of simply weighing too much. we can put a price tag on all of this. thats what this is all about. if youre obese, the majority of your adult life, you will spend an additional $179,000 as compared to someone at...

And something simple like this. this is an x-ray of somebodys knee, one bone on top of one another, cartilage has disappeared, bone on bone, painful, a result of simply weighing too much. we can put a price tag on all of this. thats what is the all about. if youre obese, the majority of your adult life, you will spend an additional $179,000 as compared to someone at a healthy weight. those numbers simply dont lie. our health care system is no doubt bearing the brunt of this extremely costly tren...