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It has been suggested that freshwater transports by the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the south Atlantic may be a useful metric for determining the stability of the AMOC because it can lead to feedbacks onto North Atlantic salinities and hence deep water formation. In this paper we investigate feedbacks between south Atlantic Freshwater transports, Freshwater content and AMOC strength across different Atlantic latitudes, and at different timescales in centennial runs of 1...

Contrary to the assumption of modern linguistics, sound symbolism, which is the non-arbitrary relationship between sounds and meanings, exists. Sound symbolism, including the “Bouba–Kiki” effect, implies the universality of such relationships; individuals from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds can similarly relate sound-symbolic words to referents, although the extent of these similarities remains to be fully understood. Here, we examined if subjects from different countries co...

COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has been drastically affecting the daily lives of millions of people. COVID-19 is described as a multiorgan disease that affects not only the respiratory tract of infected individuals, but it has considerable effects on the musculoskeletal system, causing excessive fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, muscle weakness and skeletal muscle damage. These symptoms can persist for months, decreasing the quality of life of numerous individuals. C...

Format changes in U.S. schooling in response to the COVID-19 pandemic varied by month and by school district, ranging from exclusively home-based to full in-person learning. The impact of these changes on adolescent schooling experiences, and the factors that mitigate such impact, have been challenging to quantify. To address these challenges we employed bi-monthly repeated surveys of youths (N = 6,546, aged 13-14 years) in a longitudinal study, starting before the pandemic peak (October 2020) a...

There is an urgent need to reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. One method of achieving this is through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). Geological structures that lie offshore under continental shelf seas offer huge CCS storage potential. An emerging marine industry is developing to exploit this potential and national marine monitoring agencies will soon need to consider the potential impacts of this emerging industry. This review of published literature is aimed at generalists responsible ...

Public health crises are challenging for governments and health systems. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented huge challenges to humans worldwide. In the context of COVID-19 in China, we explore China’s control strategies and challenges. Accordingly, we identify the causes of those challenges, including social and natural factors, and the controls put in place. We contend that China’s control strategies slowed the spread of the global pandemic and that the Chinese vaccines have ...

This study identified the existing ageism scales and reviewed the literature on ageism scales with an emphasis on the methodological issues. Most standardized ageism scales have focused on younger people’s attitudes and beliefs toward older adults. There are relatively few standardized scales that assess how older adults feel and think about their experiences being stereotyped. Although significant efforts have been made to outline ageism’s various dimensions and constructs, these efforts ha...

Germany's 2030–oral health agenda incorporates behavioural targets such as twice-daily toothbrushing and routine dental check-ups. Given the professional and social roles of dentists in oral health promotion, the oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (KAB) of dentists and dental students became worth investigation. The present study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study that aimed to evaluate oral health KAB of German dental students using the Hiroshima Uni...

Background: There has been media coverage surrounding the dangers of heavy drinking and benefits of moderation, with TV and radio presenter, Adrian Chiles, documenting his experience of moderating alcohol consumption in an online article for the Guardian. By analysing the comments in response to Chiles’ article, this study aimed to explore i) readers’ attitudes or beliefs towards moderating alcohol and ii) readers’ experiences of moderating or abstaining from alcohol. Method: A secondary q...

Teachers’ beliefs towards students with special educational needs (SEN) in the regular classroom is a condition that may influence the implementation of inclusive education. Nevertheless, some studies suggest that teachers' attitudes or self-efficacy beliefs towards students with behavioral difficulties (BD) are quite negative, but much less emphasis has been placed on the factors and mechanisms contributing to these attitudes. The present study investigates associations between preservice...