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when you're working with material, there's always environmental things that interact with the paint. it's, you know, people... people clean their brushes or people's jumpers have fuzzy fibres. yeah. if it's just on the surface, fine. but it actually... where you don't see it here, it's going under the paint. so these particular fibres that we found in the painting were treated with substances that were developed in the early part of the 20th century but were really first commercialised and brought onto the market only after the world wars. being able to identify them was, right there, a very hard indicator that would even stand up were we needed to take this to court. it's like looking at something that should have been 18th—century and there's a flatscreen tv in the background. it's not possible. you can't have it. it doesn't work.

People
Paint
Things
Material
Brushes
Jumpers
Fuzzy-fibres
Doesn-t-takei
Fibres
Surface
Fine
Zaks-collection-painting

as the paint. it kind of intermingles with the underlying paint. so you see a little bit of mixing going on. no signs at all that its later additions. looking at the painting, we found a whole range of pigments that would have been perfectly acceptable for lissitsky�*s time — it was an oil paint so, superficially, the object looked good for that first—level check. now we should be able to get a result. and the results are in. that's interesting. immediately, with the uv light, what we found on the microscope were these fragments of fibres embedded in the surface. let me see if i can pull them up. ok, so if you look here.

Zaks-collection-painting
Paint
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Pigments
Range
Intermingles
Signs
It-kind
Mixing
Additions
Oil-paint
Object

like fibres, and also maybe trying to make themselves heal. to make them self heal. while it is all very well knowing what materials are best to use, you still need to know, quickly and specifically, where the cracks are to fix them. so i'm going to get immersed in some pothole data now. engineers are also developing a way of using anonymised car sensor data to create a detailed digital map of our roads, including the size of cracks. right now, modern cars have the ability to capture the data all around them with video, with accelerometers, with mini weather stations, with several other sensors. and eventually, the idea's to send robots to fix the issue, with universities testing the possibility of robotics for efficiency and safety purposes. but is it enough? the government says it's investing in an extra £8.3 billion into repairs, but with a vast road network, this is a problem not going away any time soon. harriet bradshaw, bbc news.

Things
Materials
Fibres
Use
Self-heal
Roads
Way
Cracks
Cars
Data
Engineers
Car-sensor-data

the surface is and how dangerous it can be. the road where she fell has since been repaired. but looking into the issue of potholes, there's a problem which scientists say will only get worse with the effect of climate change. and whilst local councils are calling for more regular and consistent funding to deal with them, across several british universities, engineering solutions also promise some answers. our roads are either made out of concrete or asphalt. the majority of our roads are asphalt, although a lot of the damage in both starts with cracks. those cracks turn into potholes through freeze—thaw cycles and wear—and—tear. the university of cambridge is working on a range of solutions from sensors in our roads to investigating 3d printed fixes and the materials that can adapt to temperature changes. we're trying to enhance these materials - through their environmental impact or performance by adding things . like fibres and also maybe trying to make them self—heal. -

Potholes
Road
Effect
Problem
Scientists
Issue
Climate-change
Councils
Surface
Roads
Uk
Universities

to temperature changes. we're trying to enhance these materials through their- environmental impact or performance try adding things _ like fibres and also maybe trying to make them self—heal. - but whilst it's all very well knowing what materials are best to use, you still need to know quickly and specifically where the cracks are to fix them. so, i'm going to get immersed in some pothole data now. engineers are also developing a way of using anonymised car sensor data to create a detailed digital map of our roads, including the size of cracks. right now, modern cars have the ability to capture the data all around them with video, with accelerometers, with mini weather stations, with several other sensors. and eventually, the idea is to send robots to fix the issue with universities testing the possibilities of robotics for efficiency and safety purposes. but is it enough? with climate change, if we're expecting more extreme weather events,

Things
Impact
Materials
Temperature-changes
Fibres
Performance
Use
Heal
Way
Roads
Cracks
Data

because they are not bound together any more. you can see it's very clearly separated into its different components. that means the fibres and even that type epoxy resin could be recovered and potentially reused. this has been quite remarkable. we thought that these materials were extremely strong and indestructible. now, we've found the chemical processing that can chew its way through the epoxy. and, in theory, it could work on all kinds of turbine blades already out there. what we find exciting is we are sort of the first to be able to do that. there are potentials in recycling such tough materials, not only confined to the wind turbine industry, there is the aeronautic industry, space industry, cars. this technology still needs to make the leap from a test tube to the real world. but with new solutions on the table, perhaps this growing waste problem could be headed off before it gets too big. and that's it for our round—up of some of the latest sustainability stories. hope you've enjoyed them.

Materials
More
Fibres
Components
Type-epoxy-resin
Indestructible
Way
Processing
Epoxy
Turbine-blades
First
Kinds

today's waste, but when these blades retire, the materials could go into making other things. we could be furniture, suitcases, you can use it for surfboard manufacture, so general consumer goods. but not. . . new turbines? not as it is right now, but i'm never going to say never. so far, only a small number have been installed, but they'll soon be used for bigger offshore projects here in europe. at this research lab, scientists are taking a different approach. this was a part of a winter turbine that was decommissioned. basically, put the tip in there and you add a catalyst. they have discovered a chemical process that gently breaks apart the components. precise details are still under wraps, but it turns out it's relatively simple. these are the glass fibres which have kind of

Things
Materials
Blades
Waste
Furniture
Turbines
Suitcases
Surfboard-manufacture
Consumer-goods
Projects
Number
Research-lab

come apart a little bit. yes, i can see those. because they are not bound to get anymore. you can see it's very clearly separated into its different components. that means the fibres and even that type epoxy resin could be recovered and potentially reused. this has been quite remarkable. we thought that these materials were extremely strong and indestructible. now, we've found the chemical processing that can chew its way through the epoxy. and, in theory, it could work on all kinds of turbine blades already out there. what we find exciting is we are sort of the first to be able to do that. there are potentials in recycling such tough materials, not only confined to the wind turbine industry, there is the aeronautic industry, space industry, cars. this technology still needs to make the leap from a test tube to the real world. but with new solutions on the table, perhaps this growing waste problem could be headed off

Bit
Fibres
Components
Type-epoxy-resin
Way
Materials
Processing
Epoxy
Turbine-blades
Kinds
Indestructible
Theory

it could be furniture, suitcases, you can use it for surfboard manufacture, so general consumer goods. but not. . . new turbines? not as it is right now, but i'm never going to say never. so far, only a small number have been installed, but they'll soon be used for bigger offshore projects here in europe. at this research lab, scientists are taking a different approach. this was a part of a wind turbine that was decommissioned. basically, put the tip in there and you add a catalyst. they have discovered a chemical process that gently breaks apart the components. precise details are still under wraps, but it turns out it's relatively simple. these are the glass fibres which have kind of come apart a little bit. yes, i can see those.

Furniture
Turbines
Number
Suitcases
Consumer-goods
Surfboard-manufacture
Scientists
Projects
Approach
Research-lab
Europe
Part

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