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Cyber-attacks and intrusions have become the major obstacles to the adoption of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in critical industries. Imbalanced data distribution is a common problem in IIoT environments that negatively influence machine learning-based intrusion detection systems. To address this issue, we introduce EvolCostDeep, a hybrid model of stacked auto-encoders (SAE) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with a new cost-dependent loss function. The loss function aims to optimize the model’s parameters, where the costs are determined using an evolutionary algorithm. The combination of evolutionary algorithms and deep learning on Big data hinders the scalability of IIoT intrusion detection systems. In this regard, a fog computing-enabled framework, called DeepIDSFog, is designed at the data level, where the master node shares the EvolCostDeep model with worker nodes. In each fog worker node, the EvolCostDeep is parallelized through one task-level and two model-lev

Industrial internetClass imbalanceComputational modelingConvolutional neural networksCost sensitive learningDeep learningEdge computingEvolutionary algorithmsFog computingIndustrial internet of thingsIndustrial internet of things iiotIntrusion detection