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that you mentioned here you can see what happened between the one nine hundred sixty s. and two thousand and ten and the dimension you can see that suicide months have been worsening steadily until the implementation of efficient measures to slow it down bushy and keep its evolution under control who'd have a. bill that only. it was only in one thousand nine hundred sixty is that laws were created to regulate the pumping of water the chinese were the first to recognize the scale of the subsidence. demand yasha it on some say it's a reverse a vote you want to me and it poses a significant threat to shanghai skyscrapers. and it also has an impact on urban infrastructures only good. thoughts. since subsidence was established in one thousand nine hundred eighty one in shanghai that they've measured the loss of elevation of two to three metres so you appear. to allow me to you.
elsewhere in the country new urban centers are developing. was peace development plans ignore the warnings and they run the risk of causing ground subsidence as in shanghai up because. it. was. in japan the greater tokyo area has a population of thirty seven million. it is the biggest urban center in the world. it is also among the coastal cities threatened by flooding. for more than a century the japanese have struggled to protect their cities against flooding.
you know. in one thousand and ten we had a very big tie for long which came up here and there we got a very serious for the government of the time decided to excavate this diversion charles was out the city with to get rid of the front. so therefore this sort of a bomb was rocket zero point five meters it was on the other so that swarming the water i can over the top of this. that because the area behind the river war was calm for you through it. in the past buffer zones provided a method of diverting from waters into arable fields then due to a lack of living space in the middle of the twentieth century people settled on
these fields there by creating to toto district just as in bangkok in shanghai pumping of ground water has led to the subsidence of more than one hundred twenty square kilometers in the center of tokyo two with out of out my head that's a sign saying that they're out there or you know ground or ago in nineteen eighty was that so the current others say whatever was here was a still higher than me and now i'm standing on this. so this and the care that there is a risk. so this part was cause rather than here just to remember the race . fans to the roles that you are enacted in nineteen seventy s ground subs due to excessive prompting of a granddaughter had stopped so there was no worry about father subsidence
but once we get the round subsided there was no hope that we can get the or is no good on the river recovered. for more than forty years the japanese have attempted to contain ground subsidence caused by man's activities and science has identified another course of subsidence. japan is regularly hit by earthquakes. on the surface the damage can be considerable. but deeper in the art earthquakes also generate an amazing geological phenomenon. liquefaction. the first comes
a big shock. than it is for the why ricky fuck breaker function is a phenomena that or chorus and loser a deposit in the sand. we have. rosery deposit sounds. a wrong the coast the rhine or why then mom made recreating the rounds so we have grandeur of poverty upset which is not strong and the fabric is completely fair the voice was. once a big us quick crows face roos following. rosie's it's tracks at camp break. one's the sweat ricky fires the pressurized the water and sand force their ways to the softness. so the sufis or won't
fall into this three to five the zone. so will recede huge amount of sun egypt. and we want to get the redo. after removing the sun the must we see the ground subsidence berry pretty. well you can see here on all of these awards on the terrace and you can see here or you know ground there ever was. and the south side as here must have been. a couple of ten centimeters some sack that. carries a and those are examples of us quake induced rick if i action can say quincy's.
this tool a mob of us fall and underground water tank. any object having a big horrible and it can get through allah to be dished out and the lake of fire the soil so they still same scam up to the ground or of all so many wow they saw and in the solar hot subsiding may breed zero point five meters or a little roger. so therefore this is showing how terrible the fire show is and underground pipes. wires and they were. they still things are praise are would as they are after the earthquake just not to forget the same as the happened here faction.
a port and we looked at how many people live in the hundred year flood playing so that's the area that would flood have a one percent chance of flooding every year and we found this four hundred million people in two thousand and five living in these two hundred thirty six cities and forty million so ten percent of them lived in lived in those areas and we found that certain cities had very large areas in the floodplain a quarter of these one hundred thirty six cities are actually sinking and when i say things sometimes it goes down at ten twenty centimeters per year or a meter every five or ten years so these are huge changes. some regions are sinking faster than others one example is the coastline of the u.s. state of louisiana. is the mississippi delta new orleans is located in
this area in here and most of this land surface has been disappearing over the last thirty years and our projections ours this will disappear in the next ten twenty thirty years it will be gone and so when this disappears water from a hurricane could more readily impact the city of new orleans so the cities on the delta are at risk all of them. i mean without question and they're part of the list of one hundred thirty six areas at risk if we look at the twentieth century in many ways that probably for many cities the substance has been much much more important than climate and to sea level rise because we're talking about meters of change when the sea has risen maybe seventeen twenty centimeters in the twentieth century in the twenty first century we expect much more climate into three level rise and climate and you see the rise will affect every coastal city not just the ones that
clock. and how the european flashpoint stuff is returning to germany's north sea. but first what do parachutes have in common with dandelion seeds well they both utilize the same most affright. many human feats of engineering mimic nature. cars are inspired by the aerodynamically efficient shape of a penguin. i swear to be idea for velcro come from. sticky bird or parts of course many of the tools we use mimic nature's designs in medicine to. the natural history museum instead it is an impressive archive charting nothing less than the history of evolution. it's a place that all of the shots loved even as
a boy when he did an internship here he had an opportunity to explore it in depth he was fascinated by the details of the exhibits the filigree structure of insects for example it appealed to the budding engineer in him. what's extraordinary is that even though insects are so tiny they can muster a lot of strength so they've developed high precision multi purpose tools for feeding reproducing and defending themselves. in sex have been self optimizing for millions of years. one point i realized that all these functions that insects of the delegate could be applied in medicine specifically in the field of. that's how he ended up working in medical bio nick's applying biological methods
and systems found in nature to engineering and technology. this is the sort of thing that inspires him the only positive of the horn tale was thin as a hair. can drill holes into wood several centimeters deep. with the help of a model of the positive polish fans and his team. the founder of the institute for manufacturing engineering have transferred its operating principle to surgery because this guy missed. the secret of the drilling method used by insects which way to recreate it here is that it isn't a standard rotary drone rather a pendulum drill composed of three parts moving up and down and grating the surface a way to create a cavity. like this. the advantage of this grating drill method is that it's possible to chill cavities affair his wits and square as well as round and triangular ones this is why it's so well suited to surgical purposes
such as in searching implants that need to fit this tightly as possible a prosthetic hip joint for example. or a dental implant all of this found is currently developing a prototype. to have. the challenges scaling down the parts to pin size we're working towards that slowly but surely. another surgical tool inspired by nature of the bone punch it's currently awaiting approval in the us. it lends itself well to enter vertical discs surgery of tissue that are pressing on a nerve need to be removed. most orthopedic punches can only remove small quantities of tissue at a time so surgeons need to keep emptying them this increases the risk of infection one of the shots is new orthopedic punch reduces that risk by sucking the cartilage
in to show off it significantly speeds up the surgical procedure. one of the sharks got the idea from snakes and the way pythons and anacondas swallow their prey the key factors are the structure of their skulls and their backward curved fangs snakes special lines jaws allow them to swallow their food whole however large their prey. is that the snakes jaws move and dependently of each other. so that its teeth backwards so that food is gradually pushed back through the mouth into the stomach. imitated this principle by constructing two rows of teeth that move against each other lowly shifting the particle backwards. backwards and right into the bone punch simple but clever. nature is
a huge source of inspiration for technological solutions take the chordal fin of bony fish for example. it's normally you would expect it to bulge that way if you apply pressure to work with just this way. the so called the bony spines of the fin bend in the opposite direction to the water pressure. since he used this principle to develop shape adaptive forceps which can grip delicate tissue without damaging it. but he has yet to find an investor for the four steps to actually bring them on to the market. the difficulty with biopics is that you need to have a lot of stamina because it takes a long time to develop a functioning prototype. the advantage is that it often leads to innovation that's
highly useful and has applications. all of this far is also keen to show. children how they can find inspiration from nature he came up with an idea for educational installations much to suit and botanical gardens. the first to say let's get into we've noticed that schoolchildren are failing to make their own observations in biology class this is today even university students taking courses in genetics and molecular biology aren't making their own observations or being analytical so what we want to do is counter that trying to soften. his own observations have shown that nature boasts an amazing trove of insights and innovations just waiting to be discovered. smart technology has made our lives a lot easier but in some ways the digital world has created more stress. that was
the subject of this week's viewer question on facebook. do you think social media is addictive if yes how do you deal with it. has a simple solution petey activates his account from time to time. garcia who of chile sounds sometimes i'm surrounded by people but i still feel lonely because no one saying anything. frederic nelson of kenya says he's trying to activating facebook three times well we're glad he's still following us and sarah a member of spain says she sometimes feels she has an other life beside the real one. we're all a master in our smartphones and online twenty four seventh's the pace of life has never been as fast as it is today flocks of us feel
a need to escape now on day. for a hike in a forest perhaps. but think again these days even the trees are on social media. the birds are at the only ones tweeting here in the south or lap a pine tree is also tweeting updates on its rate of growth and how much water it's transported. today it's shrunk by zero point zero four millimeters and transported just two point eight seven liters of water to its crown that's not enough for a pine tree of this size. forest researchers tanya saunders and on today as baltar closely monitor the pine trees tweets the forest in eastern germany is struggling to cope with the dryness resulting from climate change. the two scientists are looking for ways to help the forest adapt to further environmental
challenges. the moment. we had six trees tweeting in the netherlands belgium and here in brandenburg. we plan to add more trees from the north and south of that we can figure out which species are best equipped to deal with trying at each location. the team also has another project examining the effects of dryness on young trees. this year the researchers have planted spruce saplings from a range of different regions in the outdoor stress test lab here one group is exposed to such extreme levels of dryness that some start to die a comparison group are kept well watered the researchers examine the water content of the saplings and their photosynthesis activity to establish it which point the plants start to die. there's a reason why the researchers are using young trees. were
experimenting with samplings because they represent the next generation of forests and for you if the forests don't regenerate there won't be a next generation. we've identified that the provenance of these bruises meaning the region they come from plays a major role. as you can see this one here can cope much better with dry conditions than this one here which is almost dead. the studies help the researchers advise forestry businesses which trees they should replant. cats are allowed to go forth from the state forestry center and davis and brandenburg are doing similar work. today there in the short height of forest taking samples from a range of oak saplings they planted amid pines. scientists
agree that mixed woodland is the future forests made up of a variety of trees which can adapt to changing environmental conditions. not all these oak saplings come from brandenburg some are from six southern european countries this one is from boca area for example. the researchers take leaf samples from a sessile oak to see if the trees from the south are better adapted to dryness than their brandenburg cousins. then they flash freeze the leaves and pulverized them which. the resulting powder is dissolved and examined for amino acids. these biomarkers indicate how the oaks respond to environmental factors. you have is of i as we called was it by the book of the white line charts the one from bulgaria and shows a lot of stress and inductive response to the brandenburg one barely reacts at all
. so obviously not all oaks are the same there's a broader range and that means we can select the oaks best suited to changing climates it's not sagal it's like. here's a glimpse of what a forest might look like in the future a mix of tree species with a range of origins which have all been tested for their resilience to climatic conditions. in mozambique meanwhile one scientist is using high tech to combat deforestation go to d.w. dot com slash science to find out more. or is there nothing you enjoy more than a liar. which crow type he was depends on your genes.
humans and animals even plants follow what's called as a k.t. and rhythm. but sometimes our internal biological clock gets out of kilter and that takes a toll on our physical and mental well being. and prehistoric times humans lived and slept outdoors our body rhythms with synchronized with the sun we were active during the day and we rested at night that was still the case after humans began farming animals and growing crops around twelve thousand years ago mcdade was timed by when the sun was at its highest point but that changed over the millennia. with the invention of railway trains in the early nineteenth century people were able to cover huge distances across land departure and arrival time. i'm sad to be coordinated together with timetables. passengers were now forced to reset their crops at railway stations
a logistical headache and just one of various reasons behind the need to establish a universal time which had far reaching consequences. as industrialization progressed people saw less and less sunlight instead of working outdoors many now spend the daytime in factories of. the sun no longer played the role of the long cloak and lamp as it had done in the past. people now had to act against the natural cicada and rhythms and organize their days and nights according to the new time regimen. the cost of the machines in the factories meant they had to be run at maximum capacity leading to the introduction of night shifts. that in turn depended on the electrical lighting which revolutionized people's lives in the early twentieth
century bringing light to the factories and into the night time streets. people were now working at times when they would previously have been asleep their lives now run contrary to their body clocks as a result biological repair and regeneration processes were compromised. that's still the case today and the emergence of notebooks and smart phones means we now even take also official light to bed with us we deceive our bodies into thinking it's still daytime. meanwhile we live in twenty four hour consumer societies with round the clock supermarkets and hotline services and a growing proportion of the global workforce working in rotating shifts. we may believe that we can be awake or sleep whenever we want but it's our health that
pays the price for this unnatural behavior. night or day today's walk never stops spinning we travel across time zones and we're up to date with news whenever and wherever it's happening. much of modern life is made possible by satellites some of them travel in sync with the earth's rotation. around soviet era from brazil senses a question. what's the usual distance between satellites and how far are they from earth. the first satellites were launched more than sixty years ago and there are currently thousands of them orbiting the globe at different altitudes depending on the job they do. most are in low earth orbit or leo an altitude of up to two thousand kilometers in the lower part of this region are satellites that monitor the earth the international space station also orbits in
the stone. medium earth orbit or meo accommodate satellites a distances of two thousand to thirty five thousand kilometers from earth this region of space is frequented by navigation satellites. the next level at just under thirty six thousand kilometers is geostationary orbit satellites here follow the direction of the earth's rotation they're typically used for telecommunications including global television broadcasts each geostationary satellite is assigned to a buck's around a hundred kilometers wide the distance to the next box is around five hundred kilometers geostationary satellites have a habit of drifting out of orbit due to factors such as the earth's uneven gravity distribution. once a geostationary satellite reaches the end of its mission or has become redundant it can end up in a graveyard orbit this is located several hundred kilometers above its operational
altitude. the problem here is the resulting space junk that's accumulated over the decades scientists are intensifying their efforts to dispose of the on wanted debris. if outlet is red white i mean i don't mean. to you have a question then just opt in return we'll send you a small piece of price send us your question by video text message ovoid smile we not hearing from you. you'll find us at d w dot com slash science or troublesome sign at d w underscore sign tack. more on facebook science.
time now to hold our breath and go diving in the debt. something north sea five pounds these are european oysters they can change sex in the course of their life time. and fish lay eggs inside their shells. and they can filter an astonishing two hundred forty liters of water a day but they need a habitat. until one hundred fifty years ago species austria a dualist populated huge swathes of the north sea european flat oysters thrived on seabeds off the coast of germany and the netherlands. but then overfishing decimated the natural oyster population disease and cold winters also took their toll. now the species is practically extinct here in the german point of bay on germany's north sea coast. but instead from the alfred vega institute for
polar a marine research has teamed up with germany's federal agency for nature conservation their aim is to reintroduce european factoids to to the german point yes. it's a big challenge but we want to resettle the species that list on a small scale in selecting which locations make most sense in terms of environmental factors and then we need to decide how big a scale we want to work with. european flat oysters each fills over two hundred liters of water per day. they form reefs structures on the seabed that can provide a habitat for a range of other species. this is another reason why the scientists are so eager to resettle them. but they need to conduct some background research before the oysters can be returned to the sea. they grow best on the shells of their deceased
predecessors. as these are now long gone the researchers have to find substitute materials to serve as artificial reefs. to find out which substrate is most suitable the scientists provide a range of samples for the oyster larvae to live on. under the microscope they can see how many oysters have attached to the substrate indicating which material is the most attractive for the animals. actually see a means to produce oysters on a suitable substrate. and that will involve adding the substrate that proved to be the best one in our experiments to a breeding facility. there larvae will be able to settle on it and grow to a certain extent. and then the substrate with the living oysters will be taken out of the german bite to the areas that we've chosen to resettlement is also bearing.
top of it and you don't need. the european flat oysters used by the scientists are sourced from farms in france the larvae supplied from there that are now growing in the lab have had no contact with sea water. this generally ensures that the young oysters are free of pathogens. the researchers have several thousand of these so-called seat oysters to experiment with. the also doesn't yet have the oysters are now half a year old it's been six months since they were brought over from france they'll likely be transferred to the field experiment in the north sea in the autumn instead experiment and not take on. the first field experiments are aimed at identifying suitable locations for large scale resettlement. areas around offshore
wind farms are attractive because there is no trawler fishing in the surroundings. the researchers generally lower the oysters in cages down to their new home. here they will be exposed to currents tides and other environmental conditions on the sea floor. how well will they grow in the new natural habitat. a few weeks later divers retrieve the oysters the cages the nets used to keep them in place on the seabed have practical advantages. missing i could be a lesson that's. all we have to guarantee that we can always find our assistance and carry out measurements and health checks. in the long term of course the idea is to resettle the oysters down there without any cages he fixed will be down to.
her colleague heading for not time is the department head at the federal agency for nature conservation. the two frequently attend meetings with colleagues from other countries who are running similar projects. no one time is optimistic about the chances of successfully resettling native european oysters in the north sea. of oxen and. the animals grow six to eight centimeters in one year at the age of three four or five years they become sexually mature as with boys of years and that means that if we can manage to establish an initial batch on the seabed we'll be able to produce baby oysters in a cycle of three or four years ideally and that's promising for the future i think music with the past fifty years of it. a future in which the european flood or it's there may once again benefit the ecosystem of the north sea.
next week we'll be heading into space with astronauts alexander gast alias astro onyx. the international space station's first german commander. come with us as we go where no show has gone before. until then. hello and welcome to a brand new set of ethical at africa with press topics from all over africa and
ItShanghaiSkyscrapersThreatReversea-voteImpactSubsidenceThoughtsInfrastructuresElevationLossOne-thousand-nine-hundred-eightyyes the 1st 10 democratic presidential hopefuls have clashed in a televised debate there from a wider field of contenders with some of the more well known names debating later today elizabeth warren cemented her status as a front runner in the 1st round. watching g.w. news up next our documentary film impossible piece examines the treaty of 1st sign time terry mark thanks want. to wish he'd have to get through the plane to sneak a break without a football thanks again. to the women's vote and. excitement the same emotion and not so. explains the 19 women to. the close of the results yet on t w.
for 4 years from $914.00 to 1918 and europe seemed on course to destroy itself. on august the 4th 1914 germany invaded belgium. most of the world's major powers was soon drawn into the conflict. by the time the war ended almost 40 nations in europe africa the middle east and east asia were involved. the so-called rich war was fought with unprecedented destructive power a total of more than $16000000.00 people were killed. the
allied powers including the british empire france the united states belgium italy and serbia had defeated the central powers the german empire austria hungary and the ottoman empire. when the armistice was announced in 1918 people in the allied countries took to the streets to celebrate. the french writer seymour now described the scene in paris. when the crowd young factory workers and fashionably dressed ladies hugged and kissed each other. to greet him piles of europe were falling apart i. the
wars that have killed millions prompted new demands for independence. in april 916 irish republicans in dublin launched an insurrection against british rule. but the uprising was poorly organized and was put down quickly by british troops once again the union jack flew over the irish capital. the australian garion empire a truly multinational stage had ceased to exist by early november 1918. the empire is larger ethnic minorities including czechs slovaks croats and slovenes demanded independence and hopes that america would help them achieve it. u.s. president woodrow wilson sought to create
a jury of peace as part of this effort wilson announced that from now on the peoples of europe should be governed only by their own consent he described self-determination as an imperative principle of action. empires collapse. i people rose up in revolt i. x monarchs fled the last austrian emperor charles the 1st step down from the hapsburg throne he and his wife tito were exiled to madeira in 1921. in 1922 turkey's new parliament expelled the last autumn and sultan messmate the 6 several new states would emerge from the ruins of his empire . but some monarchs were celebrated as here it was. during the war belgium's king albert of the 1st had fought
alongside his troops his wife elizabeth served at the front as a nurse i. germany's occupation of belgium ended with the armistice that was declared on november the elevons 918 i. belgians honored canadian troops who had played a major role in the last great offensive of the war known as the 100 days in that operation canadian unit suffered more than 45000 casualties. in the flanders region of northern belgium scottish troops seized a german supply train filled with hand grenades. as german forces retreated from northern france they destroyed everything that lay
in their path. after the armistice life in europe slowly began to return to normal. the end of the fighting was announced on the morning of november the 11th the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month. the armistice remain. in force as negotiations on a final peace treaty got underway the talks would be difficult not least because hatred continued to smolder throughout europe. french writer on summed up the situation. i fear that we are hardly more prepared for peace than we were for war the most critical phase begins now fortunately we won the war.
how did germany react to the armistice and the peace talks. the germans were ordered to evacuate the territory they had occupied in belgium and france including the regions of a sas in german troops pulled back behind the rhine river. german troops returning home after the war found that society had been severely disrupted . the. emperor vilhelm the 2nd stepped down as german emperor and king of prussia on november the 9th 1918 as required by the armistice agreement he spent the rest of his life in exile in the netherlands. many germans saw the abdication as a humiliation. in
germany troops were often welcomed home by large crowds many germans didn't believe they had lost the war on the battlefield i put that they'd been stabbed in the back by politicians. who later at all fittler would use that train to advance his own political agenda. on november the millions 918 a german republic was declared by philip shadowman a member of the new cabinet. that. was the this. was. the marxist agitator who's a look some borg wrote bush was society mimics order peace and the rule of law but it is wading in its own blood filthy and a sonnet the russian revolution was the honorable salvation of international
socialism. russia november 19th 17 the bolsheviks led by vladimir in each lenin seized power the country to send it into a bloody civil war between communist and anti communist forces. british french and us troops were sent to various parts of the country to fight the bolsheviks captured allied soldiers were shown in propaganda films. lenin denounced the foreign intervention. that. would. light. up like that. i the russian revolution divided your own
until later the entire world. i in december 1918 woodrow wilson became the 1st sitting u.s. president to visit europe his delegation included franklin delano roosevelt assistant navy secretary and future president. wilson attended a series of preliminary negotiations ahead of the paris peace talks. i will cement his wife edith arrived in the french capital on december 14th the city gave them a tumultuous welcome i
mean. we'll build a prosperous world in which all nations will enjoy the freedom for which france america england and italy have paid such a high price i in january $918.00 wilson presented a 14 point plan for postwar peace in parts it proposed self-determination for ethnic minorities and the creation of a league of nations to guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity of all states. encouraged wilson met frequently with the french prime minister. george klim also had been appointed prime minister and minister of war in november 917 and called for a complete victory over germany and the return of a sus and logan 2 fronts. clear also also demanded that germany pay huge
reparations for the damage it had caused during the wall. but the british and u.s. delegations were concerned that reparations would ruin the defeated powers financially and could lead to domestic tensions and even civil war as in russia. president wilson spent the last 5 days of 1918 in britain and on january the 1st travelled to easily for talks with king victor emmanuel and the prime minister. wilson also began preparing for the international peace conference due to open on january the 19th. he continued to push for the approval of his 14 point program including the right of self-determination for minority people yes i was warmly
received. by the italians but that had more to do with america's participation in the war than it did with his peace plan. italian nationalists fear that wilson self-determination proposal could lead to territorial losses one of their more prominent spokesman was a journalist benito mussolini the future italian dictator called wilson a bandit of international pluralism i. the paris peace conference was intended in part to conclude peace treaties with the defeated states set up a shared tool of reparations payments to be made by germany and draft international borders that accurately reflected ethnic bond ribs. a total of $27.00 states took part in the conference but the negotiations were
dominated by the big 4 allied powers. president wilson french prime minister also british prime minister david lloyd george. and the talian prime minister vittorio emanuele orlando. for the next several months the participants negotiated the terms of peace treaties with the defeated powers the german delegation was not allowed to take part in the discussions. they hoped that the final treaty would be based on wilson's 14 points and would not involve any loss of territory. the germans were deeply concerned that clemenceau would take a hard line and weaken the new german republic so as to eliminate its ability to
threaten from us i. i. at the end of 6 months of discussions the various delegations arrived at the palace of versailles to sign the main peace treaty. the ceremony took place on june the 28th 1919 the date was no coincidence. exactly 5 years before on june the 281914 the heir to the australian garion throne archduke franz ferdinand had been assassinated in sarajevo his murder had plunged europe into war. the choice of that side was also symbolic it was here that the new german empire was proclaimed in 871 following france's defeat in the franco-prussian war.
klim also had 4 severely wounded french soldiers posted at the entrance to the main hall so that the german delegation would see them when they arrived. the germans took their places at 3 in the afternoon and they had me a minute to read and sign the treaty. the conditions imposed by the allies were harsh germany's army was cut to 100000 men tanks submarines and military aircraft were banned the size of the navy was sharply reduced germany was also ordered to hand over its former colonies and to pay reparations the final amount was later set at $269000000000.00 goldmark's. that treaty and its alleged injustices were used by at all for hitler to promote
his nationalist agenda this footage shows hitler as a right wing demonstration in 1919. at that time he was working as an informer for the german military many germans considered the versailles treaty unfair and hitler speeches played to their worst fears. their side was a disgrace this dictated piece is plundering our people it's outrageous france our mortal enemy has its hands on our throats. hitler drove home the point that many germans were now living in poverty. let the shaman hatred of 60000000 germans turn into a sea of flames. the treaty require german soldiers. to hand over their weapons in return they received financial compensation.
supervised the destruction of the german aircraft and tanks. many senior german officers felt humiliated by all this the military began training what was left of its army into an elite force that would one day perhaps be able to take its revenge on france and. the new weimar government was constantly under threat by right wingers and militarist austrian born not only hitler soon emerged as one of their most prominent spokesman. as early as 1919 german friday cause started painting swastikas on their helmets. officer and angst you know wrote this war is not the end of violence it's the beginning. war veteran feedly feel
him hundreds. when we heard that the war was over we just left we were the war the flame of war continue to burn in us. a town full of about 350000 black troops served on the western front one of the most famous afro-american units was the 369-0048 tree regiment known as the harlem hell fighters. civil rights activist marcus garvey demanded racial equality. we believe that blacks should have the same rights and privileges as other people. but president wilson favored a policy. he of racial segregation at the same time that he was promoting the right
of european peoples to self-determination i will some campaigned across america on behalf of the peace treaty and the league of nations. the treaty would have to be ratified by the u.s. senate but wilson could not put together the necessary 2 thirds vote. as a majority party the republicans were opposed to it mainly because the league of nations would limit the senate's power to declare war. public opinion on the treaty was mixed with most of the opposition coming from republicans ethnic germans and irish catholic democrats. wilson tried to win them over. if we were ject beleaguered nations we will break the world's heart. the senate by failing to ratify the versailles treaty shattered
wilson's dream of u.s. participation in the league of nations i. would be held its 1st session in paris in january $920.00 and later that year moved its headquarters to geneva. the organizations main goal was to preserve world peace but could it do so if the united states was not a member of. several posts that cya agreements changed the map of europe and the middle east. and $919.00 treaty formally dissolved the ostrow hungary an empath and created an independent state of austria on 1920 treaty set up the independent state of hungary to new states appeared on the map czechoslovakia and a nation that would later be known as you. new borders paid little attention to
ethnic distribution germans were now living in poland and czechoslovakia and carians in remaining year and sabse croats and slovenes in yugoslavia these ethnic groups have lived together more or less peacefully in the australian garion empire . the ottoman empire had been home to a diverse mix of ethnic and religious groups including out of. the treaty of 7 signed in 1920 outlines the breakup of the empire and the creation of a new state that would mainly include ethnic turnips. from autumn and territory in the middle east would be divided between france and britain france was given a league of nations mandate to govern lebanon and syria. a similar mandate for palestine trans-jordan and iraq was awarded to britain. there
were huge reserves of petroleum in iraq and they would now be controlled mostly by britain. the treaty also provided for enough tone i'm a scottish region in the new turkish state. jewish communities have existed in palestine for centuries. beginning in 1920 large numbers of jews most of them from europe began immigrating to the region . zionist organizations demanded that a national home for jewish people should be created in palestine. during the war britain had said that any new jewish state should not disrupt existing arab communities britain made these and other promises to win arab support against the ottomans. the british officer t.e.
lawrence better known as lawrence of arabia served as a liaison between the british and arab forces. in november 921 the jewish agency for palestine was created to oversee jewish interests in the region. zionist leader and future israeli president high in vitamin noted at the time palestine will be as jewish as angle and is english and america is america. the seeds of the conflicts between palestinian jews and arabs had been so. in 1920 tensions were running high in constantinople now known as istanbul. immediately after the armistice allied troops occupied the city by this time a nationalist movement was already taking shape. the movement was led by general mostafa. who had led alterman forces to victory in the
campaign. the nationalists were opposed to the partition of the country as outlined in the treaty of 7. if we accept the allies demands there will be no end to their greed. came our organized a new army its primary goal was to drive out greek troops that had occupied the coastal city of smyrna in may 919 and then taken over much of western turkey. to bomb us forces launched a counterattack in all this 922. they pushed the troops all the way back to the aegean coast. on september the 9th 1922 commands troops reoccupied the city of smyrna.
4 days later a fire broke out in the city's armenian district and spread quickly at least 10000 people are said to have died. evidence indicates that the blaze was started by turkish troops kamar later denied any responsibility. tens of thousands of ethnic armenians and greeks fled to the docks to escape the flames at least 150000 were evacuated by british and american ships. meanwhile officials of the league of nations were actively working to repatriate prisoners of war and to improve living conditions for wall refugees. one of these diplomats was norwegian explorer a humanitarian and future nobel laureate future of finance and in 1921 months and was appointed the league's high commissioner for refugees. in
1922 he began issuing refugee travel documents that came to be known as nuns and passports. an estimated 450000 of these documents were issued to people who could not obtain passports from their governments the recipients included russian french artist marc shall die and russian composer 7 rachmaninoff and igor stravinsky. many of the refugees wanted to emigrate to the us and made their way to the french quarter shell bored to book passage on ships. many of them were housed at the newly constructed or tele. the facility could accommodate and process 2000 refugees at a time they were given a thorough medical examination and disinfected if necessary the refugees were housed in the hotels. dormitories until they were cleared to leave. at this time
the united states still welcomes immigrants all the restrictions would be imposed in $924.00. the statue of liberty served as a beacon for many of them a poem written by emma lazarus is inscribed on a plaque inside the statue's pedestal. give me your tired your poor your huddled masses yearning to breathe free the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. in montreal a rally was organized to call attention to the plight of ukrainian jews famine and anti semitic attacks were widespread in ukraine. an estimated 100000 jews were killed in ukraine joining the russian civil war mostly by anti communist forces the war would continue until 923.
the bolshevik red army defeated a coalition of opposition forces known as the white army soviet rule was now imposed across the country 7. the union of soviet socialist republics was officially declared on december 22nd 1922 the new states now covered nearly one 6th of the us land surface. there was a major famine from 1921 to 221 major cause feel thora he seized commodities from peasants to feed the cities and the military. an estimated 5000000 people died in the famine. food supplies deleted by europe of the united states soon started arriving. will shine for also an american relief worker describes the situation in one region. people heat waves meckstroth ground balls tree bark and clay they also eat meat from horses dogs cats
and rats and they eat straw. there or may see it and dozens die every day. the stench is appalling. by the end of the civil war an estimated 1500000 russians had left the country but many of them settled in france often in paris only. the emigres were concerned about the spread of soviet influence throughout the world. the economic and social dislocation was caused by world war one prompted many people to join communist parties they believed
communism would bring about equality for all. the. support for the communists grew in london berlin new york midland and rome. one of the founders of the italian communist party until new gramsci travel to moscow in 1921 to study the soviet system. one lives for the party. in italy many anti communist veterans joined a movement led by war hero gabrielli done once you're. done once you opposed the treaty of versailles because it ordered italy to hand over territory to the new yugoslav state including domination and the city of fuming now called week out.
our victory has been ruined. douglas you sought to make italy a flow straight european power. italy your time has come wonderful years lie ahead i hear the thunder of eagles tearing through the night. in september 1919 dugongs years troops occupied few. i i. was the italian government kept trying to drive down out of the city and he finally left in december 1920. 1 she wrote that europe was in a state of transition. the old world is dying and the new world has not yet been born in times like these gruesome phenomena appear.
loose phenomena included benito mussolini his wife left noted that mussolini had a certain natural magnetism. his eyes cost a spell over you his gaze was wanting his pupils flushed he knew that his eyes exerted power on others. in the years before the war mostly he had been a socialist and worked as a journalist in 1914 he became a fervent nationalist. in midland in 1900 he founded a fascist combat squad which consisted of about 200 men. mostly copied much from company and they don't see oh yeah as his supporters wore black shirts. he used the ancient roman salute. carried jagger's and popularized the slogan annoyed with us. by 922 mostly news organization had grown to include 300000 men.
his populist slogans helped him to bring together veterans disabled veterans the unemployed and members of the lower and middle classes alike. miscellanies blackshirts often engaged leftists in street battles their slogan was mini friedel i didn't care. mostly he promised to restore law and order he enforced his policies by arming his supporters with clubs. muscling he also promised to put a stop to labor strikes. that helped win the support of
industrialists including giovanni oniony founder of the fia total movil company. the political situation in italy was changing quickly. on october the 28922 about 30000 fascist militiamen gathered in rome to demand the resignation of the prime minister speaking known as the so-called march on rome. mostly nereid the next day from his headquarters in milan last i. he wore a suit and tie instead of his usual fashion. uniform. on
october the 29th king victor emmanuel appointed mussolini prime minister. as the head of government mussolini chose a policy of cooperation with the catholic church and pursued his aim of transforming italy into a challenge tarion state. in germany militarist and nationalist factions united around general eerie shootin dogs who had been the de facto 2nd in command of german forces during the war. newton doff would later support at all fitna. hitler said. our people are miserable we must act now so that they do not join the communists.
in january 923 french and belgian troops occupied the rule region because germany had fallen behind in its war reparations payments. those payments contributed to an economic crisis this included runaway inflation the german government kept printing more and more money. much one point a loaf of bread cost 460000000000 marks. 13 year old amanda described the situation. when our father brings home his daily pay we spend it right away because the money will soon be worthless. in the rule region tensions increased between the local residents and the occupation troops. these pictures show
a french officer assaulting germans who failed to remove their hats during a funeral procession. on november the 9th 1923 hits law and his cohorts staged a coup attempt in munich. the uprising was quickly put down by police and soldiers . hitler was arrested. stefan side wrote at the time. in 1023 the swastikas disappeared and the brownshirts and ad off hitler were forgotten. in his rather comfortable prison cell hitler set about writing his political manifesto to be called mine comes my struggle this work outlines hitler's political and social ideology and maps out his plans for germany.
in spain general me again primo daily vera overthrew the parliamentary government in september 1923 and set up a military dictatorship. my young and talented army officer francisco franco rose steadily through the ranks during the early years of primo to the various regime. franco was now about to embark on a successful career with the spanish foreign legion in morocco. in 1921 franco had been promoted to deputy commander of the legion of spain controlled a strip of land in northern morocco that included the brief mountains the rest of morocco was a french protectorate during world war one local residents. were forced to work in the mines that provided role materials for french armaments factories.
in september 1921 the people of the reef region declared their independence from spain past the uprising was led by mohammed abdul karim who managed to unite the various berber tribes. on july the 21st the insurgents inflicted a decisive defeat on spanish troops at the battle of i'm while. the rebels suffered 800 casualties out of a force of about 3000 experts differ on the number of spanish troops that were killed or wounded but the losses was human. in september 925 french and spanish supported by warships landed on the northern moroccan
coast pushed inland and defeated the insurgents. atrocities were committed by both sides. this moroccan soldier beheaded his brother who had joined the rebels. a number of spanish soldiers were executed by the insurgents after they had surrendered and. the french and spanish launched air attacks against rebel positions. spain used mustard gas a chemical weapon against the insurgency. to combat teams of naval air and ground forces finally brought an end to the fighting. in may $926.00 up to korean surrendered to the french news reels of this event was
shown in french cinema. is elderly father and his family who seek the protection of the victors. historians define home a significance of the brief war some see it as the last of the colonial conflicts others believe it set the stage for future walls of d. colonizing. the years of mediately following world war one while mobbed by major social and political dislocation. many people abandon religion and turn to political engagement to try to make some sense of life. by the mid 1920 s. fascist movements were growing throughout europe. by the late 1920 s. economic crises threaten to spin out of control and plunge the world once again into
conflict. more. than through the conflict with 2 sebastian the tiny east european state of moldova has a new coalition government largesse his previous flight the mixture of what saif vice president of the outgoing governor traffic study and a former justice with moldova now a 5 wood for corruption is he assuring these parties reckless in government conflicts tough.
when much of europe wanted to kick them out maria microbiome he invited them in. if we kyl and if so most is home to one of the worst pretty cheap canst in the mediterranean. but one woman makes life a little better for her new neighbors. meet memory and the refugees of some us. 90 minutes on d w. what secrets lie behind these moments to. find out in an immersive experience and explore a fascinating world cultural heritage sites. the d w world heritage 360 get the amount.
WomenEmotion19CloseResultsTwEuropeCourse114-0041918914-00clear with you i have to act in ways that i feel necessary the people who simply understand. your sentiment of each different ends justify the means. to terms with versus starts december 13th on t.w. . even. by roy it's venice shouldn't really exist with its 124 islands and countless bridges from kells this city in northern italy was built in the middle of the marsh . it's proof of human or dangerousness and our ability to muster nature. show that there are many beautiful cities in the world but venice is in a class of its own property even into. every year more than
$13000000.00 tourists come to marvel at the palazzo surround the grand canal. these stately townhouses are architectural masterpieces built using techniques that are unique worldwide. then it seems to float over the water but in fact the entire city stands on a forest of wooden tiles 10000000 logs were driven into the mud contrary to all prevailing rules of urban construction. the architects of the time conquered the lagoon to build one of the world's most extraordinary cities but the water is a continual threat even today. then this is palaces withstand the danger posed by the water all will they gradually sing.
the history of the n s began more than one and a half 1000000 years ago and a large stretch of force in the northern mediterranean on the asiatic coast of italy. been occurring on the southern edge of the else is 50 kilometers long and tension on it is winds. at one time it consisted of brackish water sand and much an inhospitable place of little interest to anyone. then in the 5th century coastal inhabitants discovered the lagoon as a refuge. of the lagoon was a natural fortress it was very difficult for enemies and their sailing ships to find their way around here the only the locals knew all the channels so they didn't
have to build walls. even architectural historians like to let. you know very little about the 1st welling's built this area. that there's imagining there are just a few paintings which give us an idea of what things may have looked like on riata island sound the core of the settlement with its straw thatched wooden huts it was located on reality of the cost of the only property mother and if the 1st buildings in ancient venice were built on the most stable areas of the name mary out o. comes from alto which indicates a high location by the river with the name of the district also dura includes the word for solid the early city was built at sites like the 3 that in. those beginnings were still centuries away from the venice of palaces and bridges
we know today. the 1st one. asians lived on small islands separated by wolves and. each island had a small village with the similar structure essentially open space with houses a ground and a church in the middle. it was a live look at that explains why there are so many churches and small squares here because they were the centers of these all to micro towns and treat them all. over the centuries the small islands were linked by bridges which were often built over the water at strange angles and. in the 2nd century building space gradually became scarce. the problem could only be solved by developing new manmade areas but that was far from easy the better than
a clean consists of sediment and much crisscrossed by numerous water courses building ground that was in constant movement. in one of the israel logically speaking this is neither solid ground nor the sea the ground varies considerably on the one hand almost it is characterized by the sand which the rivers transport from the land. out in the reeds there are pizza oils have a totally different consistency so venice is built on various layers of different density and that makes for problems why do we see so many slanting church towers. because they are not standing on just one type of substrate. venice's church towel is leaning to one side but they do not topple over.
so how did architects manage to build on this difficult ground without the buildings collapsing. the secret is to be found in simple wooden posts. hundreds of thousands of them were driven into the bed of the lagoon. at depths of 3 to 8 meters below the surface architects had discovered a layer of sedimentary clay known as kind and told beneath the mud. like driving the posts into this layer of clay a stable building foundation was made possible. civil engineer dino chee morley explains the principle was the pilot would be to in order to stabilize the building substrate piles were driven into the bed in each area. if sufficient piles are used in the areas then so that with water the mud between the piles becomes compressed and thus more stable than everything outside the area that high also keep everything together and prevent the substrate from being washed out that's the
principle behind ground stabilization of the body. in this way the venetians created man made areas on which an entire city could gradually be built. because architects had discovered that the wooden piles did not cross in the mud. the poles put up underneath the buildings in the mud. that prominently in oxygen spring environment certainly none of the microbes that would normally think a wood can get into that because the wood undergoes a process of mineralization it turns rock hard and remains intact for centuries. the most famous the mission buildings were constructed on this building ground of
mud and wood. st mark's square with its bell tower stands 110-0000 foot in piles. the foundations of the realtor bridge rest on $12000.00 pounds. i'm to more than 1000000 wooden tiles were driven into the lagoon for the impressive last salute to basilica which is built of marble. there are between $8.10 wouldn't piles for square meter this entire city stands on an incredible number of the. it's rather like the opposite of a forest. here the trunk is a function like roots it is. all in all an estimated 10000000 wooden piles have been driven into the
a large proportion of what used to be the northern italian forest. predominantly oak and large chunks from the surrounding regions was shipped to the lagoon to create extremely expensive building ground. if you approach the foundation accounted for half the construction costs the other half went on the buildings themselves so the section under water was just as expensive as the part we can see. on. all of them he says 400 plots stand on these unique foundations. from the 11th century these architectural masterpieces were built on the constantly moving bed of the lagoon and the sandbags in order to build them the architects had to come up with something special because they faced several turns at once. it means
providing protection from the rising and falling some people said. designing buildings that were as light as possible. and building on a moving substrate. the solution they came up with was brilliant they placed a wooden construction on the piles and weighted down with several layers of bricks . on top of this they go to surround a white stone from istria on the adriatic it formed the 1st line of defense against the salt force. that deals with the interface between the water and that that resists an infinitely long time because it's not permeable to the salty water . the resistant strain stone is unaffected by the rise and fall of the sea horse and. the heights of this protective wall corresponded to the tidal range in this way the
water was prevented from coming into contact with the more sensitive load bearing brick wall. the good reason the palaces on the stone base were designed with a maximum of 3 floors. they understood when they were building that they couldn't make it to have a because they knew that it was all relatively stress mud into an article tattoos that still compacts and cause the subsidence. slender columns and large windows in the efforts to build with minimum weight the architects created the special venetian style and again and graceful. but despite the lightweight construction method by no means had all the challenges been overcome.
more then because the movements of the ground in the water here are so variable the buildings themselves could not be too rigid. but here to the venetians came up with clever solutions like using special regional building materials such as lawn mortar . it was used in the construction of the brick walls applied as a cement substitute it has the advantage of remaining flexible. not sure. why more is probably the most important construction material because of its adaptability so that it doesn't get as hard as cement architects always wanted to build what they wanted and how they wanted not to be restricted the materials. trying to remain flexible in the future to me of the vision done with stuff. that will subside to the flooring between the stories. they used wood which is also flexible material. another trick and should flexibility with the wall and the floor
joint. the beams were set in the walls in such a way that they could always move within them. flexible and suckle venetian buildings unlike living organisms which adapted to the vagaries of the moving substrate. today the traces of this constant death taishan of visible in many places in the form of to stores had facades here and there cracks appear inside the buildings as well. although there have been a couple of instances of subsidence some facades have become distorted and tilted slightly but not one of the venetian palaces has ever collapsed the role given.
this is architects constructed the building so well that they can even withstand the frequent earthquakes in the region. i remember my father in law telling me about when there was the earthquake in for you only in the 1970 something unfair list so the shocks of that very strongly and where we live does very big windows you know with lead holding the panes of glass and he said that the windows just moved like the sails of a boat and then came back in place not one of those little things cracked then fell out. there is a well. well in the courtyard of every plants. by developing a sophisticated system for collecting rainwater venice is brilliant architects solve the problem of the city's drinking water supply. water flowed through these
holes in the ground and into the underground chambers filled with extremely fine sand. up to see things through the sand and the clean water then rose again in a well shocked. in this way they also wanted to conduct the water from the gutters into the wells and it really was an ingenious system one unparalleled worldwide in all these wells were still in operation in venice until the early 20th century if you know the needs of . every square in the city has a well in all its architects created $900.00. by the late 15th century venice had 170000 inhabitants more than ever before this is he was in its heyday thanks to its powerful fleets of ships built in the making shipyards business dominated commerce in the mediterranean region. the
city built on water was totally in its element like a fish and. the venetians had created an architectural jewel in the north italian the good. but nature was to turn on them in a dramatic way. as a result of human interference in the green system of channels to facilitate shipping new dangers began to threaten the blossoming influential city. the earth was having a serious effect on the bed of the lagoon and the title also levels. the natural balance in the good it was under threat.
centuries later venice is still a proud and beautiful city but over the centuries the lagoon changed completely. shipping traffic and industrial utilization increase dramatically and left their marks in the course of industrialization a 1000 wells was sunk in order to access the groundwater beneath the bed of the living. in the 1950s up to 40000 cubic meters of water removed every day. civil engineer pierre tretiak teenie describes the consequences for venice these generate a. decrease of the pressure. and when the pressure of the trees in a big city mentoring the mason is these producer compaction else decide the winds and
a lowering of the land surface right now we call it subsidence land subsidence. as a result of this land subsidence venice subsided by 14 centimeters in only 30 years . after a disastrous flood and $966.00 the practice of pumping up the groundwater was discontinued. but the damage to the city is irreparable the last 14 centimeters can never be regained global warming and rising sea levels are increasing the threat and have already seen the water rise by a further 10 centimeters. in all the water is now 24 centimeters high rough on the buildings than at the time they were built and that. left visible traces of. most of the affected areas can be recognized by the green zones on the buildings this is where the water rises and falls with the time. it's not major floods that
are causing the greatest damage to the city but try to change. the look well if you so water comes and goes incessantly. with each new time to the salt water is now also reaching the bricks another fine the architect centuries old preventative measure has the ring of history in stone can no longer protect the palaces from the world. the world is always against the break and the great players have it and they're. leaving behind the souls which crystallise and as so it's crystallize they expanded the body and 12 times i'm not like it's a very kind of slow way as you can say exploding brick.
the sun towards her is also attacking the line most have between the bricks loosening them and weakening the entire building structure. to provide more stability more and more steel bearing is a being a wreck to in the city's canals. today one in 3 venetian finance is damaged and a need a friend of a ship. and that is not only the result of the daily tide change much about its are an even bigger problem they stir up the water above and below the surface. just get us out of it by the constant boat traffic is very bad for the masonry. the boats propellers churn up the water which edition. only a road to the wall. and once the masonry has been weakened. the water also impacts the foundations on the ground. and all that is in the boats are always
travelling past the building. it's the number of boats and the frequency of boat traffic that is threatening the walls. gets into any cracks in the brickwork and thracians the entire building structure it also uses the compacted earth between the piles the centuries old foundations on which the building stand in the attempt to limit the damage the city has introduced a speed limit for water taxis. to launch cruise ships which head for the digging every day are a further problem. these big 6 moves huge volumes aborter you know that's to me these principle there's still a volume within the body of this ship that gets moved and when they're in there are 2 that they've. all been through narrow the focus on the local level
rises and then goes down again with the conflict in the ship it's like a wash of water that moves within you know over tens of seconds or 0 minutes and that's very detrimental to the building foundations. subsidence of the bed the vines of the water level and the waves created by boats and ships mean that venice is trace him from all sides. the only way to save the city is valuable buildings is to drain the canals for basic restoration work but that's must be done with great care. the need to coordinate work only takes place and drain sections with a maximum length of a 50 meters. draining the canals leads to a settling of the geological layers and that can result in damage to the
neighboring towns so a canal can be drained or longer than 3 months. today more modern methods are also being applied in order to stabilize the walls chemicals are introduced into the lime more to. make prevent more sick getting into the bricks all these measures are carried out by hand and. that is why restoration work in venice is more expensive than elsewhere at present the city has no more than 2000000 euros a year available for preserving its buildings but the actual some need it is 13000000. the water to which the city owes its uniqueness and its wealth is now turning against the venetians. today one 3rd of the ground floor is in venice uninhabitable. and rising water is threatening the buildings more and more often.
global warming which is resulting in a gradual rise in the sea level will intensify this development even more. disturbing the peace venice is destined to go under that is not my predictions but that of people who deal professionally with marine and climate issues in the prediction that has been down from the un often essentially they say that the sea level should be rise by let's and between 204-050-6070 meters. the demise of venice no longer seems to be merely a pessimistic scenario. and so once again the ingenuity of italian i. architects and engineers is called for to save the city. or. the most
a project is an elaborate and expensive attempt by the italian authorities to say venice. concrete foundations weighing many tons have been sunk at all 3 looking him in let's. get in them and flood gates at high will see these can be raised as far as the balls are level requirements. there is no doubt that if it is ever completed the most a project will be an engineering masterpiece. but skeptical voices warn against euphoria. in most project is important but it's not the sole solution it's inconsistent i believe to want to protect the city from super floods without at the same time protecting it from decay or. that is why another idea is to raise the subsided bed of the lagoon and with it the entire city. what sounds like
a crazy plan was developed by researchers at the university and neighboring padua. we would turn away. on our own ass circular shape through the window the young winter of don't you know me and when just water into a deep obviously. in arkansas system that is located between 601 tower song me there you know the longhorn bolt on. raising such a huge area with an entire city on it is an ambitious enterprise which no one has ever attempted before. the plan is to pump 50 liters of salt water per 2nd thing. the wells and into the substrates over a period of 10 years researchers have calculated the bed of the lagoon could be raised by between 20 and 25 centimeters. the water level in the canals with tensing
by the same amount but the plan is not without risks you cannot do it. in a shorter time we don't want to contaminate that any any structure. and for this for me some of you have to do. a safe duck or a. raising the bed of the lagoon would recover the last $24.00 centimeters the project is still in the planning stage research is awaiting full funding for the 1st comprehensive tests. a little possible to save the masterpieces of venetian architecture from the consequences of human made problems. no one wants to see this city go under venice needs visionaries like those who built it people who will think the impossible in order to achieve something magnificent.
place. their own wells is unconscionable for their egos insatiable. their rivalry deadly. threat princes. all of whom dream of our glory. the marvel of cancers. starts november 20. evans' on t.w. . if you're.
PropertyClassWaterMasterpiecesTechniquesTown-housesTouristsFactPalazzo-surround-the-grand-canal13000000-00ArchitectsMudthis heatwave in winter? certainly. it is a hiuh this heatwave in winter? certainly. it is a high pressure _ this heatwave in winter? certainly. it is a high pressure system - this heatwave in winter? certainly. it is a high pressure system just i this heatwave in winter? certainly. it is a high pressure system just to the east of the andes, which is basically dragging warm air down from the tropics and bringing that heat down towards chile and argentina. that high pressure is also compressing the air, much like when you pump up a bike tire, the pump eats up, and there has been a lack of cloud cover, and that means the sun is able to beat down and really warm up the land surface throughout the day. that really warm up the land surface throughout the day. that sounds like a really volatile _ throughout the day. that sounds like a really volatile mix. _ throughout the day. that sounds like a really volatile mix. how— throughout the day. that sounds like a really volatile mix. how does - throughout the day. that sounds like a really volatile mix. how does this | a really volatile mix. how does this all linked to climate change and long—term climate trends? the all linked to climate change and long-term climate trends? the same weather system _ long-term climate trends? the same weather system would _ long-term climate trends? the same weather system would probably - long-term climate trends? the same| weather system would probably come in the absence of climate change, have brought warmer than average temperatures. but what climate change does is it really ramps up there is temperatures, making an event that would have been warmer than average into something extreme and unprecedented. we know that climate change is making more
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