"Evidence for universal rupture behavior during coal and gas outbursts" by Yang Lei, Yuanping Cheng et al.
Every catastrophic coal and gas outburst begins as a tiny coal failure at almost a point, followed by violent ejection of enormous amounts of gas and pulverized coal. Whether the initial rupture of a large outburst produces observable signatures different from those of smaller events is a fundamental question associated with the potential for outburst prediction. Although outburst processes have been investigated both experimentally and theoretically, the underlying mechanism responsible for out...
Source: uow.edu.au