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Fawaz A Gerges

Location of top doctorate programmes: Evidence from young economist awards

“ The activities of economists-what they do and how and why they do it-are of at least as much interest and importance as the activities of the people economists themselves study: businessmen, housewives, bankers, finance ministers, and trade-union leaders.”  “ Economists are now part, even often from their undergraduate years, of large, organized, internationally linked academic machines, with their subjects closely organized and defined.” (Hutchinson 1955) So, wrote T W Hutchinson over 65 years ago. And what applied then applies with equal force today. The focus of this column is on a very specific aspect of the “internationally organized machine” of economics, namely, the evolution and location of the top PhD programmes which underlie the profession.

Dear George W Bush, shouldn t you be hanged? – Veterans Today | Military Foreign Affairs Policy Journal for Clandestine Services

I honestly don’t know why former president George W. Bush isn’t in jail at this present time. He is the man who was used by the Neocons and the Israelis to create total chaos in the Middle East. Now Bush thinks that he can still comment on political issues. He has recently declared that the if the Republican Party can distance itself from “white Anglo-Saxon Protestantism,” then it will rise again. Seriously? Is that really what decent Americans have been struggling with over the past 200 years or so? Aren’t perpetual wars in the Middle East and the destruction of the middle class by technocrats, plutocrats, demagogues, and oligarchic institutions that are ravaging the country? Didn’t Bush himself lick the boots of the Neocons, who ended up destroying countries like Iraq?

Forgery of official documents by monks was rife across medieval Europe, new book shows

 E-Mail Forgery of official documents by monks was rife across medieval Europe because of social changes and the growing importance of the written word, a new book shows. Fake documentation began to be produced in earnest in the tenth century across much of the continent and was the white lie of the Middle Ages . Monks justified deceit because they felt their efforts were for the greater good. During this time many diocesian boundaries were being drawn for the first time, and there were changing practices in law and administration. The book, by Dr Levi Roach from the University of Exeter, argues forgery helped people seek solace and security in the past. It was also an important tool for monks to cement what they saw as their institutional rights to land and property as aristocrats gained more power.

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