Madzedong, denxiaaping and, of course, xijinping. The chairman calls me his friend, and i call him my friend. This, of course, is one of the recognized world leaders, he assesses the situation, analyzes and looks into the future. This is very important, this is what distinguishes a true world leader from people who. We call temporary workers, the chinese are collectivists, statists at their core, and this feeling people have been brought up for thousands of years, they love their homeland, their state, they love china as a country with a centuriesold history. History, Peoples Awareness of their rights and responsibilities, a sense of duty, humanity and philanthropy, these principles formed the basis of the philosophical teachings of confucius in china back in the 6th century bc. Great confucianism, which formed a certain fabric on which all other concepts, religions and later buddhism were strung. Important basic principles of confucianism are respect for elders, care and love for parents, reverence for the country, its history and rulers. Mausoleum of emperor qingshu huang, who ruled china in the 2nd century bc. He went down in history with his own. This grandiose army was supposed to protect the ruler in the afterlife, symbolizing the greatness and power of the empire. Emperor qingshehuang founded the first centralized one. The dynasty created a centralized state. Qing shuangdi gave humanity not only the greatest museum value. Back in the third century bc, he introduced a unified writing system and a unified system of measures into the empire. Scales the son of shi huang left one of the names to china. The very name of china is junguo. The middle state under heaven. Where does our china come from . From the name of the khitani tribe, known to our ancestors, who lived in northern china, and where does china come from . This name appeared in europe thanks to silk fabrics from the qin empire, founded by qinshu khandi. But the very name of the chinese is han. Han people 92 of the population of the kanr from the name of the han dynasty, which replaced qin. Although in china. We are used to studying history from a european point of view the middle ages, the renaissance, modern times with its industrial revolution. That is why it is difficult for us to even imagine what technological heights Chinese Civilization had reached long before this. The great wall of china. Construction took almost 2. 0 years. Its length is more than 2000 km, it is considered the longest island. Deep drilling technology, and having reached the landlocked people, they developed this method to reach salt water, and began to extract salt from the well. At the same time, the chinese invented a method for extracting natural gas. It was delivered through bamboo pipes to the place appointments. Refined literature, and china then, china developed continuously, soaring monochronic painting, chinese poetry, of course, was ahead in sophistication of, well , almost all countries, competing, probably, only with persia. The production of chinese porcelain begins in the second millennium bc. Above the secret of its manufacture. European alchemists struggled for centuries, only in 1708 the european naturalist Johann Friedrich bottger was able to obtain white porcelain. Chinese written sources indicate that in 1420, at a banquet in emperor judi had almost 30,000 guests in beijing. They eat diamonds and rubies. China is believed to have discovered ice cream, and we all called it sarbet. This was also one of the discoveries of china, which was recorded. At the same time, on the other side of the earth, only 600 guests were invited to the wedding of the english king henry v and catherine of valois, and they barely replaced plates of thin pieces of black bread, dried triska, the bride was wearing neither underwear nor silk stockings. We can recall mark pauls famous travel book, written at the end of the 12th century. When an italian merchant described with great amazement the level of Economic Development that he observed in chinese cities, then europeans could not even believe that in china there were cities inhabited by several hundred thousand people, while in europe the largest cities , even the capital, did not exceed several tens of thousands of people. The six million chinese army, armed with cannons and rifles, cannot even be compared to an army. Hundreds of books were sold in beijing markets, even romance novels, henrys library contained only six manuscript volumes. If we compare europe and china in the middle ages, then, of course, china was ahead in all respects. In 2014 , a sensation spread around the world. Chinas economy has become the first in the world, displacing the United States. In recent years, china has made a colossal leap forward in its development. This is causing genuine interest all over the world, and we even envy you a little. China has created a very effective system for developing the economy and strengthening the state. Its much more efficient than in many other countries in the world. In the west they are puzzled and surprised, but the country did not become the first economy in the world, it regained these positions. China in general has always been a developed country, it was developed in the third century ad, in the seventh, in the seventeenth, and china contributed more than 35 of its gdp until 1820, that is, before the arrival of foreigners. China has always remained a great trading power, this is also part of chinese culture, back in the first centuries bc, chinese merchants successfully traded with constantinopolo with rome, with the states of the middle east, there was a socalled great silk road, which went from china to europe from china to the middle east along which tens of hundreds of caravans of merchants moved. China is perhaps the largest empire that recorded absolutely everything. Population censuses were carried out regularly, and imperial chronicles were kept. There were district stories that included everything from the lives of famous people to the state of the economy. Thanks to this, today we can calculate, for example, what was chinas gdp in the third, fourth, fifth and beyond centuries ad. All this accumulated into a huge volume of literally academic knowledge, europe began to record knowledge, this was either the greek, ancient greek period. Or later china has done this throughout history. Translators from twenty languages of the world were trained in beijing. China had something to offer visiting merchants tea, paper, art objects, and the already mentioned silk and porcelain. Chinese craftsmen created truly unique things, for example, the predecessor of the compass, a chariot with a statue pointing south. She was the first to. The scientist mathematician and inventor zhang heng invented a device for accounting in 132 ad. Eight bronze dragons with balls in their mouths were located on the sides of the vessel; eight bronze toads with wide open mouths, carefully oriented to the cardinal points, were placed below. The fall of the ball notified the emperor that something had happened in one of the provinces of china. In the west, a similar seismograph was constructed in 1703, more than half a century later. Thousands of years by the french physicist jeanne hautefeil. Another chinese invention is the magnetic compass, known in the middle kingdom for at least 1. 4 years. And gifts for their rulers, gold brocade, patterned silks, colored silk gauze, everything according to their status. An entire armada set sail, 255 ships with almost 28 thousand expedition members on board. The sailors returned with giraffes, lions, and camel birds, as ostriches were called in china. Yonles dressed up several sea expeditions. The last of them involved 27 thousand people by 63 ships, more than a thousand people sailed on the flagship alone. Just compare in 1492 , the crew of columbuss caravel was only 24 people. The flotilla traveled throughout southeast asia, reaching india, sumatra, ceylon, and magadish in east africa. And whats most interesting is that the sailors goals were exclusively peaceful and educational. China had an interesting feature it easily included various peoples in its empire, to the point that representatives of a variety of nationalities sat on the chinese throne. Both the majurs and the mongols sat, and before that many peoples sat, names that are simply known, probably only by historians, they were accumulated, drawn in. Culture and china digested almost all the peoples who, in one way or another, tried to conquer china. The only thing he couldnt stomach in the 19th century was the europeans. I didnt think it would all end like this, veda vodka, Stellar Group product, old barrel cognac, Stellar Group product, steersman bourbon, stella product. Whiskey mancacher, product of Stellar Group, gin сnop, product stellor group, we cant understand russia, we cant measure it by a common arshin, its special to become one , you can only do this in russia, two feelings are wonderfully close to us, in them the heart finds food. Love for ones native ashes, love for ones fathers tombs. Dont sleep, dont sleep, artist, dont indulge in sleep, you are a hostage of time in captivity for eternity. Hiss, be angry, my friends , wedges, you will not quarrel with them, i, to your great regret, am not going to fight with you, about your lies, about your statements, about yourself, i just dont give a damn, then in vain you will resort to words. Will not help again, and you will not wash away the righteous blood with all your black blood of the poet of russia. Civilization premiere, film eight. Russia, part two. Tomorrow on the first. 10 years ago , the dream of millions of crimeans came true. The peninsula was reunited with russia. I have been living in crimea since 1960. When we switched to russia, we ran out. Poverty, ours really came, for 10 years now i have been living in a state of this euphoria. The heart of crimea is open to everyone. People from all regions of russia began to come to the peninsula. The crimean bridge was completed and opened, an airport was built, roads, hospitals, and kindergartens appeared in crimea. Delight. I stopped seeing fields that were abandoned, that is, everything was used. Hello my vines. They are alive. An absolutely incomprehensible phrase , what is our crimea, and what else, for the tenth anniversary of the reunification of crimea with russia, the premiere of the documentary series on saturday on the first, if a little sister or brother cries , dont soothe with words, its better to hug silently, my castle is ringing, says that nikolai , we received a letter from one of the fathers who writes that. On saturday on the first. In the old world , goods from china were highly valued. On the islands of britain, chinese porcelain was sold at three prices. In england, where silver was the basis of the entire financial system, the pound sterling began to rapidly depreciate. And then english merchants and officials found a product that the chinese population, once tried, could not refuse it was deadly opium. The history of the west is, in essence, a chronicle of endless expansion. Western influence in the world is a huge militaryfinancial pyramid, it is constantly we need new fuel to support ourselves, natural, technological, Human Resources belonging to others. The British East Indian Company was the monopoly buyer of bengal opium. She began selling it on the chinese market. Drug use became widespread and quickly became a Real National disaster. China has truly become addicted to opium. First the officials sowed, then the peasants, who stopped growing millet rice. And then Emperor Kangxi orders his officials to literally reset all opium in the sea, prohibited opium smoking and the sale of opium. In december 1839, the emperor of china announced the complete closure of the country to foreign traders. In response, the British Empire declared war on china. A flotilla of 40 ships with 4,000 soldiers on board set sail from india towards china. The total strength of the chinese army was 880,000 people. These forces, however, were scattered. For several decades they did not. Began to cultivate opium instead of tea and rice, which by the beginning of the 20th century accounted for import. By 1945, more than a million hectares were occupied by aka crops in china. Only the communist party of china was able to stop this madness, only after the formation of the peoples republic of china. But before that , the country still had to go through a long, bloody path. Civil wars and new occupation. The chinese empire disappeared in the heat of revolution. The uprising of military officers in wuchang on october 10 , 1911 was the initial impetus that brought down the qing dynasty, along with the entire central government. On february 12, 1912 , the monarchy was officially. China became republic, as has happened more than once, during periods of crisis in the history of china , the military came to the fore, and it is no coincidence that the period after the fall of the empire was called the era of the militarists. ivan shihai established his dictatorship and was already preparing to take the title of emperor, but died in 1916. The guomendang, led by unetsen, became the most influential force. Precisely the kuomendang with soviet help. Will be able to restore the relative unity of the country, the Chinese Nationalist party or kuomintang was created by dr. Sunyatsen immediately after the revolution. It was bourgeois, that is, an ideological opponent of the communists, but organizationally it was very similar to the communist party of china that appeared a little later. Both parties. Between the guomendang and the cpc, the socalled first united front. On the basis of this united front , the communists entered the gomendan without leaving the ccp and were able to cooperate. Moreover, formally even mauadun was a member of the guomendan party and was responsible for orc work. Gomendanovites and communists even studied party and government Work Together in moscow, in the soviet capital. In september 1925, a special Educational Institution was created to train the chinese party. But the peaceful coexistence of the komendan and the communist party of china did not last long; after the death of sunyatsen, the party was headed by general Chiang Kaishek. In april 1927, he decided that he was not on the same path with the marxists, and gave the order to deal with them. In the ensuing repression, thousands of communists were killed and imprisoned. The sixth congress of the Chinese Communist party in 1928 had to be held in the soviet union, in the village of nikolskaya and then still a moscow province. The civil war did not go in favor of the communists. The armed detachments of the communist party, the chinese red army, retreated to the north. Subsequently, this bloody path turned into one. The intermittent battle with the nationalists went down in history as a great campaign. The geography of the campaign through the entire south of china, and then from south to north, allowed maojidong to recruit new supporters and new soldiers throughout the country. They reached the province of shensi, this is the northwest, and there in caves that were dug in soft soil, they lived from 1930. 5 to 1946, both mouse zadong and jou eli were there, and the Economic Activities of this special region of china were led by xijunxun, the father of xiding ping, the current leader of china. It was in this special region on the border of the provinces of shenxi and gansu that the Chinese Communists proclaimed soviet power back in 1934. The attack by an external enemy only temporarily suspended the confrontation between the warring parties. Japan had long planned to seize and enslave china, taking advantage of the turmoil. From 1931 to 1936, the Japanese Army captured manchuria, as well as part of inner mongolia. In 1930. Kazakhstan for the supply of ammunition. Finding himself face to face with superior enemy forces, the guomendang compromised with the communists and joined forces with them against the common enemy. The Chinese Communist party received recognition, and the shenxi base received official provincial status with its own government. But in november 1938, Chiang Kaishek began secret negotiations with japan. The kuomintang forces conducted virtually no combat operations. The communists were abandoned fight against the occupiers. The main losses were suffered by the chinese red. The army, it was the diversion of japanese troops to the chinese front this is 1,2000 bayonets, that prevented the japanese in 1941 from striking behind the soviet union in siberia and the far east, the fact is that japan was an ally of germany by treaty, and the date for japans accession was set into the war on august 29, 1941. It was in 2015 for the first time. An official estimate of chinas military and civilian losses in world war ii and during the Japanese Occupation was released more than 35 million people. During during the sinojapanese war, japanese newspapers reported a dispute between two officers tashiaki mukai and tsuyo shinoda. In the winter of 1937, they decided to find out who could kill more chinese with a ball. The winner was the one who first reached the number of 100 people. On december 12, the newspaper niti ning reported that the competition was alive, up to 500,000 people were killed. Of course, the japanese behaved very cruelly they cut off heads, burned people, buried the territory of china, even this nanjing massacre, known to everyone, is indicative of everything peace, as the japanese treated the chinese population cruelly. The military unit from. From the moment of the creation of detachment 731 until its end in august 1945, it was constantly led by general shiraishii, when ours entered manchuria, ishi and his team managed to escape to japan. They surrendered to the americans along with secret materials and weapons samples , then they were transported to america. On august 9 , 1945, the soviet union declared war on japan, an ally of nazi germany. The mainjur Strategic Offensive operation rightfully bears the title of one of the most successful throughout the history of world war ii. In just 10 days of active fighting, the red army managed to advance deep into Enemy Territory at a distance of up to 600 km. On september 2, 1945, japan signed the instrument of