The violence is centered on the mainly muslim neighborhoods thats where a Religious School has been ordered by the government to ban the hit job and Islamic Education public protests are rare in eritrea the government has faced regular International Condemnation because of human rights abuses in papua new guineas immigration minister has told aljazeera the countrys police have no plans to clear out a former australian run prison camp six hundred refugees have barricaded themselves inside and then refusing to leave them on this island site was decommissioned on tuesday and australian staff of left the facility despite a last minute quarter application to block its closure and or thomas has more now from sydney. Refugees inside what is now the full of president assad and on getting any new food brought in nor fresh water theyre using rainwater and nor is there any power inside the person thats been shut off as well they are managing to eat a little bit of energy to power up mobile phones and thats how were getting information from them via social media but essentially they are living on their own barricaded in and theyre also faithful fearful that locals might break in it has happened before when the word god in the prison back in twenty forty when i was oh man i saw in some of the locals described the refugees as animals you have to treat them like that they said so you can see the kind of content that both sides have for the other and where these fears come from theyre also fearful of the place and the military forcibly removing them and taking them to the nearby town we spoke to immigration minister there on wednesday and he denied that was going to happen from the start it is useful for is there not. Only if you saw. It should be pointed out that the immigration minister doesnt have direct Line Management about the military nor the place and they have acted unilaterally in the past and australias foreign minister was talking to the australian media on wednesday about this point when you get inside refugees all australians responsibility this is what she had to say had already been relieved to be suited commendation services are available you know to treat accommodation and water a treaty and medical support. And i will not be refused who thinks trying to do the ship is suggesting there that the refugees may be exaggerating the level of threat they face in an attempt to soften australias stance she is saying that is not going to happen australia is still firm they will never come to australia and that the accommodation that is being provided elsewhere on the other even though its not protected and even though refugee advocates say is only half built certainly not suitable to be moved into yet she says hes and they should go there now. The Palestinian Hamas movement has handed over administrative control of three border crossings to the Palestinian Authority the authority will now control the palestinian side of gazas borders with israel and egypt now the handover is part of deals between hamas and fatah brokered by egypt in october the u. S. President donald trump is vowing to step up what he calls extreme vetting of foreigners after what the police said was a terror attack in new york city eight people were killed when a driver plowed a pickup truck into cyclists and pedestrians the twenty nine year old suspect was shot by the police and is now being treated in hospital catalonia is deposed interior minister has returned to barcelona to chance of traitor by unionist protesters. Hakim foreign and the rest of the cattle and cabinet were fired by the Central Government after the region declared independence last week foreigners be in belgium with the former regional president carters pugin want all fourteen members of the sacked cabinet are facing rebellion charges. Palestinians around the world are demanding an apology as they mark the one hundredth anniversary of the Balfour Declaration this was a British Government policy statement widely seen as leading to the division of Palestine Protesters in bethlehem in the occupied west bank have made an effigy of the man after whom that declaration is named author balfour was the u. K. s foreign secretary in one nine hundred seventy. You are right up to date with all the top stories on back with a quick summary in about twenty five minutes between now and then aljazeera well ill see you soon. Good. Luck. Thanks thanks. Thanks thanks thanks thanks thanks. Thanks thanks. Thanks thanks. Thanks thanks thanks. Thanks for the voice of David Bengurion declaring the establishment of the state of israel in maine one nine hundred forty eight. The Balfour Declaration was a letter sent by British Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour to a member of the british house of lords child on the second of november one thousand nine hundred seventeen. This letter sent to a leading figure in the British Jewish Community one hundred years ago had repercussions which even its authors cannot have imagined. Whatever its real intentions it went on to have a profound impact on the middle east and its people. And its effects still resonates across the region today. In one nine hundred fourteen these soldiers were fighting on the battlefields of europe in the First World War the allies britain france and russia fought the central powers of germany austriahungary and the Ottoman Empire for four years but the land and sea war was not the only battleground. Mussel was also being flexed behind closed doors as allies conspired to redraw to their own advantage when the conflict eventually ceased. Sir mark sykes for the british and french. For the french plotted how to divide the arab lands of the Ottoman Empire assuming it would finally fall. The agreement to divide it into french and british spheres of influence france taking most of the levant southern anatolia and the area while the british extended their control over the southern expanding eastward. And all the land between there. And the french territory. Historic palestine then still part of the Ottoman Empire was a bone of contention and would be put under International Administration. But. Thats. Their. Key man. Or. A key part. Which is that one of them well. If youre telling the half of art can be or when i can let you can i cant who can i share i think the british felt that there had not been enough government involvement in concluding the states because agreement with the french and in the process they had not really protected their interests well enough for a post world war era in which the British Empire would continue to seek to be a dominant force in European Affairs and so really officials across whitehall including mark sykes himself felt it was a bad deal if you have built youre going to have a few at most at it in a few when i got havoc so you need you in every night or does that mean and you who would you have my own. Data for the scene when youre home your new shoot from the scene or people are feeling well and are second in the have been many who are levy. And i mean. And i mean i look at that before and its of huge significance that when theyre making these discussions jews and so on is not discussed jews were not to feature in the new culture at the middle east which was to be based on the idea of the arab nation. Zionism was the movement supporting the reestablishment of a jewish homeland in the area defined as the historic land of israel. The movement was active in early Twentieth Century london especially because of the persecution of jews in russia and eastern europe. Theodore heard so had founded the Zionist Movement in the late one nine hundred century but jewish people in western europe had not rushed to support it because they were integrating quite successfully into society zionists believed that all jews should someday return to that country one of the problems was that palestine belong to the Ottoman Empire and the Ottoman Empire was not clear that it wanted massive jewish immigration into palestine and the British Government offered to let jews move unimpeded in great numbers into uganda if they wished. But in any event it really didnt happen and it didnt happen because a majority of scientists felt that hurts or was selling them out and that the only place for jews to move back to work at least conscious zionist jews to move back to was palestine in this i think britain began to look at the Zionist Movement as a possible partner in justifying a really go she a sions of their agreement with the french you see for britain simply to claim territory against what theyd already concluded in the green that with france could create diplomatic problems for the british. If they were to make a claim to palestine not out of selfinterest but in order to advance a great historic ideal of the restoration of the jewish people to the homeland that this could justify an adjustment of the terms of the sites because. In a way that the french would accept the british wanted somehow and more and more increasingly they felt that the jews held the key to winning the war. And so they had to figure out how to bribe the jews to support them. Sir mark sykes had succeeded in drawing the line he wanted from a curry in the west to kirkuk in the east but for some in government this was not enough. The british were using the Jewish National movement to secure palestine for themselves is this is what highlights been is really going to find to open ears of ten downing street in the Foreign Office in the Colonial Office and its paving the way towards that critical decision in november of one nine hundred seventeen and so i think you can direct you can draw a direct connection. Between britains sudden acknowledgement of zionism and idea of an ideal. And what they were dissatisfied with the term the psychs because. I am fights man was a chemistry lecturer in manchester who had become a prominent member of the british Zionist Movement he was politically well connected and rubbed shoulders with senior figures in government so high in vitamin was russian by birth he was a chemist. And then he joined the Zionist Movement. He climbed in the Zionist Movement he moved to Great Britain before the war well before the war maybe ten years before the war began he was not before the war very well known in the english Zionist Movement he was pretty well known in the World Zionist Federation but he was by no means the most visible zionist when world war one began in Great Britain. Vitamin later wrote in his memoirs about having been introduced to a British Government minister Herbert Samuel. Samuel was jewish but vitamine was apparently concerned that he might be anti zionist. However Herbert Samual turned out to be extremely receptive to vitamin and went on to write an official memo in one nine hundred fifty setting out a number of different possibilities for palestine and the jewish people. And was. So. Health minister. Who were can. Prove the number. Of us who were cut up was around for lost in. Latin heaven alamy. Who were a one year hoodie. On americas most. Brittany kept up with that kyra. Sure but theres still a philosophy in badminton tell how to help them a lot and then let them a lot and hope fear. That. Very funny year for last year. But then you suddenly had the lady who the commonwealth. But he didnt find willing ears in whitehall or the Colonial Office for schemes that involved the establishment of a jewish state in palestine britain was really concerned with two things by the time that the First World War had broken out they want to do with the war first and foremost this was an imperative for the survival of britain and its empire and secondly they wanted to ensure that coming out of the war victorious that their empire would benefit from the victory so at this stage high in vitamin and Herbert Samuels ideas about the rights of the jews to resettle in palestine. Did not find much sympathy in the corridors of power in london. Disappointed fights men wrote to a friend asking whether there wasnt at least a discussion to be had about what he called the chance for the jewish people. I realize of course he went on we cannot claim anything we are much too atomized for its. What did he did do however was to throw together fights man the russian jewish immigrant searching for a homeland and refuge from persecution with her brood samuel and lourdes rothschild for members of the british jewish elite established in society and part of the political and capitalist class. So it isnt for the most part of course all of the community was actually in the minority but certainly most of all within the jewish elite because it threatened the notion of them as one hundred percent committed members of British Society and this was complete and that for somebody like Edwin Montague to become secretary of state for india for him zionism is his Worst Nightmare the idea that jews are not satisfied simply with being citizens of britain or other countries around the world theyre always longing to go back to the land of israel for him he wanted to demonstrate that the jews of britain were first and foremost british its important to remember that for people like rothschild zionism it actually been a threat you see the elite in british jewelry had fought for generations to gain acceptance in British Society it was only with the arrival of disraeli and that i can century that jews entered parliament and could rise to become Prime Minister and for people of. High finance or banking interests the really lete of the Jewish Community in britain their struggle to demonstrate their place in British Society that zionism with its claims that jews were a people apart and should be a nationalist movement in their own right or another with their early lamba army. And even a corrupt betty about how to get. Hold. Of but i would be when i had the time i meant get fifty i will be the element you have enjoy all up you and i do have to sheer hell and know a bit of time even for my honey brand of beer and some years of clash who will have you know. We dont have if mark my so you have to say well its an x. Vitamin vin show. Much of the love in your mind a little need a mental stability keep building there is a bleed you haul. Vitamin low showed a small little bit into the sea machine the fim. Its vitamin that makes the difference and i think he was probably unique in his ability to persuade the leading british figures. That the jews were in fact a vast sub to raney and influence which they were not. That all jews were zionists which was far from the truth and that therefore the big key to winning jewish support was to offer them palestine vitamine talked up the degree to which the Jewish Community supported zionism in order to get his message across to the government. But for the british it seemed to be about self interest about winning the war recognizing zionism would be closely linked to gaining global jewish the poor it for this objective and which should start its future arresting so the british motives for supporting zionism when we can boil it down to two elements of british self interest at that time not an emotional interest in science them or a love of jews and the jewish plight and the desire for a return of the jews to the holy land no for very specific self interest matters of policy they were first of all all of the British Government agreed that they wanted to mobilize behind britain and the allies this idea of jewish power in the world they were all of the different policy elites in the war believers in the notion that jews have tremendous influence in the corridors of power around the globe if the British Government appeared to support zionism they would win over. To their side and all that entailed the british were convinced that zionism. It was really at the center of the jewish home. In maine one nine hundred sixteen sir mark sykes had agreed his tikrit deal with the french psychs because you would form the basis of the future carve up of the old Ottoman Empire. So he immediately turned his attention to palestine still part of the Ottoman Empire and how to use the finest ambitions to outmaneuver the french. Formal contact between the British Government and the zionist followed he immediately phoned Herbert Samuel and told him about the plan and Herbert Samuel then phoned him vitamin and vitamin brought with him sokolow this meeting took place on the eleventh of april nine hundred sixteen it took place at moses castors house in maida vale. And gaster wrote in his diary afterwards how proud he was that this meeting which he thought was the most important meeting that had ever taken place in the history of zionism had taken place at his house. Mark sykes. Had a. She thought some of my gust of llano were counted. Jelly hadia but by then. Was one who really. Thought that north who when the fight got. The most discussed it very quickly understands that sykes is looking to gain support from suppose it jewish power in the world and gets to works with this idea and manipulates this to consolidate sykess interest in science and we see actually the British Government becomes very close already nazi sixteen of issuing a public declaration in support for zionism there in the end this doesnt happen that year the planned sikes got Herbert Samuels to pass on to the zionist. Involved joint british French Administration of palestine and a charter guaranteeing british support for sign of them. But his idea was rejected. They didnt want an anglofrench condominium in palestine they wanted the british to protect them not the french and thats because they thought that the french always sort of converted their colonized people into becoming frenchmen and what they wanted was to remain as self conscious jews and they thought that the british would leave them alone and let them do that and how much she helped to live in begun by. Her the share a blue team. The vile him wanted the berryman not you need convincing goddamn you did doesnt go to not you needed them it would get them. Where were you dame know you to name him remember bomb atom our matter. You know. Its. Bolstered by their newfound credibility the british zionists thought about making specific demands after the sykes meeting but events overtook them. On the sixth of december one thousand nine hundred sixty british Prime Minister asquith resigned. In the change of government Arthur Balfour became foreign secretary under Prime Minister david lloyd george. Lloyd george. As the half of a cocktail for my space and it was iraq. Fashion. And ill. Be here with that you know. One. Side but. Its a completely if you could. You kind of thing. Was of rather philosophical bent. And i think he wanted to think in theological terms you wanted to think in historical terms. And it was with that frame of mind i think that he approached the whole question yes it was the fall. Sorry. And marsh. As it was i thought george. But the attack. Before. David lloyd george. Balfour and all of those who supported the battle declaration within the British Government we can absolutely categorize as being riven with anti semitic thinking and not only that but the thinking behind the Balfour Declaration that drove them to the Balfour Declaration was from this anti semitic thought the idea of jewish power of jewish he said this and of a unified jewish attachment to zionism above all else. Whatever its basis the relationship between the british zionists and the government would continue to grow throughout the one nine hundred seventeen. Leading to the declaration that would change the face of the middle east and ultimately determine the destinies of two different peoples. A new level of luxury has arrived. An experience that will transform the way you try. Our Impeccable Service remains but now comes the breaking heat is a. Revolutionary business clients. The old pharmacy for the sea the finest. Weather conducting business or sharing a special journey with flyers bringing you the best of. The surf that. Someone. Trying so well. Centuries in the sky. Producer to say. First to use. As owens going places together. Is being out on its way to measure the for intelligence agencies are they are tasked to do things in secret that are on lawful or politically embarrassing all of the colleagues that i knew to retire from the n. S. A. Could not stand by and see all the work that they had done being used for mass surveillance digital dissidents at this time on aljazeera. Hello again peter with your top stories the forces in the northeastern african country of eritrea have opened fire on protesters in the capital asmara. The violence is centered on the mainly muslim neighborhoods thats where a Religious School has been ordered by the government to ban the hija band and Islamic Education public protests are rare in eritrea the government has faced regular International Criticism for human rights abuses. Papua new guineas immigration minister has told aljazeera the countrys police have no plans to clear out a former australian run prison camp six hundred refugees have barricaded themselves inside and then refusing to leave a silence site was decommissioned on tuesday and australian staff left the facility despite a last minute Court Application to block its closure. The Palestinian Hamas movement has handed over the ministry of control of three border crossings to the Palestinian Authority your thought he will now control the palestinian side of the gazan borders with israel and egypt and over as part of deals between hamas and fatah brokered by egypt in october. Palestinians around the world are demanding an apology as they mark the one hundredth anniversary of the Balfour Declaration this was a British Government policy statement widely seen as leading to the division of Palestine Protesters in bethlehem in the occupied west bank have made an effigy of the man after whom the declaration is named after balfour was the u. K. s foreign secretary in one nine hundred seventy. Donald trump is going to step up what he calls extreme vetting of foreigners after what the police say was a terror attack in new york city eight people were killed when a driver plowed a pickup truck into cyclists and pedestrians on tuesday we have pictures from the scene the twenty nine year old suspect was shot by the police and is being treated in hospital catalonia as deposed interior minister has returned to barcelona to chance of traitor by unionist protesters. Who sat. Working for him in the rest of the cattle and cabinets were fired by the Central Government in madrid after the region declared independence last week mr foreign has been in belgium with the former regional president carla speech among. Those are your headlines im back with the news hour for you top of the hour sixty minutes of news and comment until then back to aljazeera world. The First World War britain france and russia against germany austria hungary and the Ottoman Empire the british in the shape of the diplomats or mark sykes were determined to divide autumn in territory in a way that best suited them once the war was over for their own strategic interests. By nine hundred seventeen the war was shifting in the allies favor and in the middle east the british were moving through sinai towards the borders of historic palestine. Further north the Russian Revolution in february one nine hundred seventeen cast doubt on russias continued involvement in the war. As britain and france tried to outmaneuver one another the british Zionist Movement took on increasing political importance. Get back in touch with scientists and think about. Incorporates elitism in british planning for palestine and at this moment we see a hugely important meeting taking place in the home of moses guesstimate of. Seventeen and this is the point in which sykes mates for the first time. In the. Another time in this in which its discussed what the zionists are looking for and the british interest in zionism so he had to bring the zionists along without divulging what were the secret agreements that britain and france had come to with regard to palestine which was that they would jointly administer parts of palestine at this meeting for the British Government was sykes and Herbert Samuel he was there on the other side there were. Vitamin and sokolow and there was moses gaster and he brought a couple of his allies because he realised that vitamin was beginning to push him out of the way the other very important figure was James Rothschild who attended this meeting. At the meeting it became clear to sykes that vitamin not gaster was the most important zionist. This is also the moment where most of the cast is dislodged. Sykess part on the french side because i hadnt liked best yesterday been insistent that should be a jewish state and nothing less coming into being after the war and peace. Clearly wanted saudis who were much more willing to compromise with the interests of the great powers and the concept of a vice was certainly happy to fit that bill. The meetings between the zionists and the government seemed to give momentum to the idea of british support for a jewish homeland in palestine and their potential role in its administration. But the secrets agreements between britain and france which formed the basis of the future division of the Ottoman Empire planned to put palestine under International Administration any change would have to be negotiated with france. Niamh socalled of emerged as the man to talk to the french and. The story. But would she give. Circolo became the acknowledged lead diplomat for zionism and all the accounts say that he had an extremely sort of elegant bearing and wore very fine clothing and that his manners were polished and polite and smooth silky smooth so that he could talk. On an equal basis with the representatives of the german kaiser or the. British government or whatever so the day after the meeting. Between sykes and the zionist leaders sykes brought. But socolow to meet the french diplomat pico what psychs wanted was for sokolow to a persuade pekoe that zionism must be taken seriously that zionism really was the key to winning the war. And that the zionists would only help the allies win the war if britain was the main power in palestine not france for trade off because they didnt put it that good or may. So call off without force or quadrant walk was our. Core i reckon i could do yes you really dont like. Our bodies and also mossad. Theres not a good aussie course a record of that they are home but not all there to greet them id tell you we. Had met men sykes nuff saw in a circle of you know what a tabloid any a no our friends are or your mother had this you can associate my moral and british cabinet or that often or at the station a friend so we have been were at bill for. Bill cabin at the elysium or look in already different so we into a lot of cities its hard to know how much influence sykes ultimately had over british policy making he was given more prominence in british policy making around the middle east during the war years than he ever deserved he was a relatively ill educated inexperienced man whose only connection to the ottoman world had been as a tourist. So for this man to be playing such a role in the halls of power over deciding british policy towards the near east seems to us today to be anomalous indeed ridiculous. Regardless of psychs role things continue to progress for the zionists and in june one nine hundred seventeen British Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour asked high in vitamin to present his demands as a declaration and promise to try and persuade his government to adopt its. The leading zionist form the Political Committee and drafted their demands and then submitted them to the British Government. This original document was one of the first drafts written at the Imperial Hotel in london on the seventeenth of july one thousand nine hundred seventeen. It also introduced a new term and concept the National Home of the jewish people so in the initial zionist drafting of the declaration. There were protests most scientists leaders to not one cycle of that theres no mention of the terminology of the jewish state that is said that talking about a National Home. This is. What the sides are trying to achieve and so response was that we mustnt go too far we have to take small steps we have to go with what is acceptable to the British Government at this time and then slowly slowly we can advance our course once we have this in hand. If you look at iraq. You have been could be. Certain. That. Starts. On the eighteenth of september one thousand nine hundred seventeen there was a meeting of the british war cabinet the foreign secretary Arthur Balfour was absent. The secretary of state for india Edwin Montague who was jewish strongly disagreed with the declaration. He was opposed to zionism and said i deny that palestine is today associated with the jews or properly be regarded as a fit place for them to live montague thought a french to clear ration for porting zionism in june one nine hundred seventeen was anti semitic and negotiated changes to the british version as it went through several drafts. So you got a battle at. The war are going to. Alice charlotte. Yes good thing. There on the whole. She will look. What people gonna. Do you. Gonna the well. A few days later secretary of state for war vi counts milner and the jewish politician Philip Magnus sent a modified version to the cabinet it incorporated some of montagues changes. Including the caviar that quote nothing shall be done that might prejudice the rights and political status enjoyed by such jews who are fully contented with their existing nationality and citizenship. Drafting especially by a board millner the by september was closer to the language that would eventually be adopted in november of one nine hundred seventeen namely speaking about palestine as a whole. But. Some sort of presence in palestine on behalf of the jews which is quite different cannot kill kill me for it her money for. Nothing. There national. A literary if. Me there and look at all in national. But not the National Home and i would not the National Home work on only i would be fearful of the in. The committed zionists wanted to ensure the declaration was clear that the whole of historic palestine would be a National Homeland exclusively for the jewish people. The latest draft was sent to high invites men who in turn center to the Zionist Movement in the United States for their feedback. There was some consultation during the. Summer of one thousand nine hundred seventeen with the United States and the early drafts that. Had the imprint of the zionist elements in britain would have referred to palestine in its entirety as being for sort of jewish had to be and those elements eventually were modified before the drafting was finalized another key part of the terminology emerging out of the drafting was in some british redrafting where sort of for the jewish people it was written the jewish race ive actually this was taken out but i think its very revealing. That british officials wanted to use this kind of terminology because after all this was how they understood the jews of the world as being a racial Group One World it tremendous power and also could be inspired all together as one unit behind the cause of zionism supported by britain and the allies its striking that the existing arab people in the region were not named at all theyre simply called the quote existing non jewish communities in palestine they really want to do it but so you know were going to i. Am told his critics are upset. They come you know take nor do we want to keep men but you know owners are rooted in order weve you know. You know part of the opportunity. By october of one nine hundred seventeen the final draft of the Balfour Declaration was ready and waiting only British Government final approval. There was a rumor that germany was about to issue a similar declaration supporting the rights of the jews in palestine when balfour heard he rushed to get his final draft discussed at the cabinets meeting on the thirty first of october one thousand nine hundred nineteen. So when we think about the centenary of the Balfour Declaration everyone considers second of november nineteenth seventeen as the moment of the day creation itself but it was actually agreed to by the british cabinet on the thirty first of october and this was a hugely significant meeting and in the minutes of that meeting balfour reiterates the principle reasons for supporting zionism and highlights its expected propaganda effects amongst jews around the world particularly in the United States and in russia the argument was was put forward most wrongly by lord balfour at the meeting of october thirty first and what he argued was that issuing this declaration would be extremely helpful for the british in solidifying the support of the United States and also in countering propaganda from germany the critical thing to remember about british diplomatic pronouncements is that what one individual says does not represent the views of the government as a whole and you will find many different points of view among british officials in the years one thousand seven hundred nine hundred eighteen and right into the early years of the mandate but the british were very clear that they had not promised statehood to the Zionist Movement they had no interest in doing so the british did not support Jewish Nationalism they did not support arab nationalism they supported british imperialism but this is also the meeting where lord curzon. It was a member of the walk and it disquiet about the possible effects of supporting zionism on the palestinian population and the palestinian opposition is completely disregarded lord curzon wrote a paper to the cabinet asking what was quote to become of the people of this country. There were over half a million syrian arabs a mixed community with arab hebrew canaanite greek egyptian and possibly crusaders blog they and their forefathers of occupied the country for the best part of one thousand five hundred years they own the soil they profess the mohammedan faith they will not be content either to be exposed for jewish immigrants or to act merely as he was of wood and drawers of water to the latter. But his prescient remarks fell on deaf ears its like who tells hind bites at the end of the workout that its meeting. Its a boy and so they witness the birth of an agreement to create a Jewish National home as a baby in the middle east. The final draft of the Balfour Declaration was sixty seven words long. His majestys government view with favor the establishment in palestine of a National Home for the jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non jewish communities in palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by jews in any other country. I should be grateful if you would bring this declaration to the knowledge of the Zionist Federation you all sincerely james bond photo. In terms of International Law it really has very little standing in International Law you know treaties between nations have significance. But governments often issue policy statements statements of intention about what they plan to do and those really dont have any standing as as a matter of of law for britain this was. I suppose you would say a statement of its intention as to what it would do if it were to take over palestine which of course it had not yet done as of november one thousand nine hundred seventeen thats got to go right to has done. Let me. She. Should have been done yeah if. It be so because your minds were shot down who taught them a luxury hotel if i dont you show you off your lawyer any. Two years after the declaration a Church Leader in jerusalem wrote to british Prime Minister lloyd george about jews in palestine trying to control holy sites. Lloyd georges office had said that high invites men didnt want to do anything affecting the rights of arabs it said he simply wanted to be involved in a council to help provide refuge to jews fleeing russia and eastern europe. This exchange suggested that britain felt it had not promised a jewish state but simply a place for them to live alongside arabs. When the league of nations set out the british mandate in palestine in one nine hundred twenty three it made britain responsible for implementing the Balfour Declaration. As a result jewish immigration to palestine increased as did arab opposition to it expressed in a series of palestinian protests against britain in the one nine hundred twenty s. They understood the people of palestine to be muslims and christians but did not emerge that they would constitute a laughable community that would seek National Independence and after the war very quickly when it becomes clear that palestinian arab nationalists and mobilizing against zionism. The British Government a quick to see a major problem the Balfour Declaration had put in train a series of events that began to signal its deep flaws. Arab descent built to the three year revolts between one nine hundred thirty six and one nine hundred thirty nine it was a nationalist uprising against the British Administration demanding arab independence and the end of jewish immigration it was in the pill commission of nine hundred thirty seven that the british first recognized that instead of balancing communities they had certain motion a rivalry between incompatible National Jewish and palestinian arabs. And it was at that point that they tried to solve the problem by dividing palestine into two states arab and jewish through a partition plan and i think there you have the first recognition or admission from british officials of the failure of the Balfour Declaration. In may nine hundred thirty nine the British Government published a policy document on palestine called a white paper its abandoned the partitioning of palestine into two states and called instead for an independent palestine in which arabs and jews would share government it limited jewish immigration to seventy five thousand for five years and said that the arab majority should determine future immigration levels. Its also said that balfour had not meant to create a jewish state at the expense of the arabs any more than the mcmahon who stay in correspondence twenty four years before had promised an arab state to shareef hossain of mecca. But the white paper met opposition and was dropped. The British Government equate to see a major problem but theres no way that they can back away from support for zionism because this becomes the basis for their justification for being in the holy land their commitment to supporting the movement in the Balfour Declaration which becomes in shrines in International Law in the terms of the mandate for palestine so the british are stuck with zionism they didnt believe that scientists wanted independent jewish state. And after the war became very clear that actually the vast majority of scientists didnt only want statehood they expected it i think if were trying to assess whether or not britains policy towards zionism in the First World War served british interests or not the first thing we have to appreciate is the key reason they supported zionism was based on an incorrect idea they believed that they could mobilize something that they saw as jewish power around the world behind their light course so first of all that was entirely wrong and didnt happen because they do jewish power is fake is force. In september one thousand nine hundred eighty nine german expansionism led to the Second World War over sixty Million People died including between five and six million jews the majority in nazi concentration camps. The british mandate ended at midnight on the fourteenth of may nine hundred forty eight and immediately the formation of the state of israel was announced. Justified by the terms of the Balfour Declaration issued thirty one years before. While israelis celebrated the birth of their nation seven hundred thousand palestinians were forced into camps and exile. Not to fled and because. Of again we dont know. For palestinians the Balfour Declaration represents the moment an imperial power promised their land away to another people. Is the best weather out there ration was. They hold bell for responsible for their expulsion displacement and occupation. We hear indigenous can be recovered Israeli Palestinian affairs we cover the story with a lot of intimate knowledge we covered it with that we dont dip in and out of the story we have presence here all the time apart from being a cameraman its also very important to be a journalist to know the story very well before going into the fields covering the United Nations and all but the policy for aljazeera english is pretty incredible this is where talks have been and what happens here matters. Through trying. To finish. How i wake up in quieter weather for patrick why over the next couple days that also for the southeast of brazil but to the north that big area cloud is spinning out of the atlas and further north still facing possible hundred forty eight millimeters of twenty four as this. Goes all the way back towards well northern bolivia towards peru i will sit here as we go on through the next few days some more heavy downpours into that eastern side of brazil come south a slushy fog in dry since you know one cell just not see about it want to service. They dont look just coming into southern parts and that is just not up bringing some rain into the river plate as we go on through the second half of the week showers may well continue for the hot all for sale and further north usual rashness showers through venezuela into colombia have seen some heavy downpours here as well on these easterly waves you can see just pushing across the caribbean and further south but the tossing some very heavy rain four hundred twenty two minutes as of right here just twenty four hours she was there going to continue for all the tough northern parts of colombia pushing up into panama well big downpours coming into that western side of the caribbean as you can see through wednesday and going on into day nicaragua the heavy right possibility for the flooding more showers today for the great trying to ease the weather sponsored by. This is aljazeera
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