The u. N. Agency at appomattox editor james bays has more from the u. N. In new york we dont have a great deal of detail from the us about exactly why its doing this it doesnt like the way its run it says there needs to be or the need to undertake a fundamental reexamination of andro both in the way it operates in the way it is funded they also say why should the u. S. Be paying all this money being the key funder of on russia why are other nations not paying more theyre calling for burden sharing clearly there is a political aspect to all of this i think from the trumpet ministration and theres likely to be a political effect of all of this because remember this comes hard on the heels of the u. S. Saying that jerusalem is israels capital in their view these are two measures taken together which are really going to anger the palestinians. U. S. Secretary of state Rex Tillerson says the world should step up pressure on north korea until it abandons its Nuclear Program he says the fact that pyongyang agreed to talk with south korea is proof that sanctions are working mr tennysons when speaking at a meeting on north korea being held in canada well were standing by for the end of that day long conference in a News Conference is expected. In jordan is our correspondent whos there in vancouver covering this conference its an interesting line up really isnt it twenty countries been invited by the americans in the canadians but not including the chinese nor the russians. Thats right martine the u. S. Said that the chinese were not invited because they took the side of north korea during the korean war between one nine hundred fifty and one nine hundred fifty three and the russians werent invited for any number of reasons but it was felt that the countries that had supported south korea during that war needed to have an opportunity to come together and to try to hash out the facts around the security situation on the Korean Peninsula and perhaps come up with some ideas on how to enforce the sanctions regime which has been put into place both by individual countries including the United States but also by the u. N. Security council as you noted we are awaiting a joint press conference with Rex Tillerson the u. S. Secretary of state and Chrystia Freeland the Canadian Foreign minister who is the host for this daylong meeting here in vancouver we may find out whether these twenty countries including norway sweden colombia and turkey among others have come up with any novel ways of trying to reduce tensions on the Korean Peninsula or whether this was simply an opportunity for other countries to basically have an opportunity to say were very concerned about this Global National security problem and so this is our opportunity to weigh in and then to step back into the shadows so that the u. N. Security council can do its work of course we are here in vancouver and we will bring you details from that press conference when it gets underway all right thank you very much rose. The World Health Organization has warned that a deep ferry outbreak in yemen is spreading quickly almost seven hundred people have now been affected forty eight people have died from the disease in the past four months. Bangladeshs agreed to repeat six hundred fifty thousand refugees to neighboring mimo within two years hundreds of thousands of muslims have fled a military crackdown that began in mia miles Rakhine State in august. The french president is calling on the u. K. To do more about refugees and migrants who are trying to get into britain via Kelly Emmanuel mccraw who has met some of them in the port city says he would discuss the issue with the british Prime Minister to resign may stay all right youre up to date for now those are the latest headlines lets go now to face to face. At stern my heart for friends but they know were joining nobel committee. For good or bad at all but the states are suffering not that this crisis we. Are would also like to take this opportunity to. The congress the late Michael Burgess a third of a lot of. States president as governor to grow here at the crowded. Nick. And that terrible row at them earned our country and. Through the imposition of the system of. December one thousand nine hundred ninety three the packed house and also city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the cliff the last white president of south africa ive years ago. There would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr mandela and i would be joined in the severe of that by the one who will. Get all of us. Before you today behind the. The two leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest. Will it make the opponents. We disagree strongly all key issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that plane against one of them. Standing in the event this progress which we have. All the three thousand people have died in political violence. Since the beginning of this year mandela and declare partners as much as rivals two characters representing a cruising campus engaged in and when then to negotiations a political and personal doom that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the plants. Seven kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for eighteen years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the first black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime and i many people feel that it is useless and for a future for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. And under defenseless people. In one thousand nine hundred sixty two mandela was arrested two years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was forty six years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost three quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. In the one nine hundred eighty s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in one thousand nine hundred seventy one f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician it being president of the senate his uncle libyan Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never in seventy one i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in just as that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after two decades of brutal detention he was transferred to poles more prisons then in one thousand nine hundred eighty eight to more comfortable housing within the victim first the prison about one hundred kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. But identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my nine hundred eighty eight until usually they met some got fifty times or forty eight times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an afrikaner nationalist mandela use that to get to know. The minds of the afrikaans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat that. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early one nine hundred eighty nine bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age fifty three took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december thirteenth one thousand nine hundred eighty nine mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heise the president s office for the first time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have High Expectations of a first meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my first meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that first meeting was to get an understanding of each other to get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected. And he was also very impressed by president of this demand that is aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the ten booze so you have natural a natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that first meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiations but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up proceedings and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. On february the second one thousand nine hundred ninety the eyes of thirty seven million South Africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament didnt declare was about to pronounce his first general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. It is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the African National congress the pan african as congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and people serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in one thousand nine. I was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but no communism is dead so now we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change when the clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart deciding that must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about doing this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the second of february ninety ninety contained a package of measures of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency. I tried in that speech to add that is each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the second confrontation between the two men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the eleventh of february and the first reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of you will your my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the eleventh of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be released. On february eleventh one thousand nine hundred ninety at five oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After twenty seven years in jail a free seventy one year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. After four decades of conflict the adversaries met over three days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may nine hundred ninety the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties. But these cautious optimism as well as faith and goal to cure the problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and just self that i think it was. Overwhelmingly for and. It was like people who came to gather for the first time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet the challenge. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized the above sides that we had to work jointly and collectively. A way forward and that to sponsor all of the rest of us nobody else could take that is false and you can imagine that. With the background of the participants. Two sides of the being fighting each other. Fear were. Suddenly being. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know al qaida still three s. When. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Striking feature. Of the discussions. Which will have head. During the last three days. Has been the act cordiality. We have had. Discussions on sensitive not. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding despite the signature of a Peace Agreement for months later the relationship between de klerk and monday l. A was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the closer ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monk to buthelezi. Not just that is the places that. Could not in the lead us the people who can only see that the beginning of a real discount. More people got killed in south africa between one thousand eight hundred nine and one thousand nine hundred four done were killed by a potted forces in the entire history of about it. There was a natural competition between the i of p n a n c u d f but it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the force. The two big black grouping fighting and a third force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading Police Chiefs and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the britain lazy party and this of course was how mundane the came to use that label and to and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. Werent the National Party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. Aid talk about reform and change. That they still want to hold on to the economy and but it got power he said you see you dont care about the live lives of blacks thats why you have you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even of that we have given you our commitment even when we have been doing that had to discipline the people you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judit to judicial commissions of inquiry. The one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the Security