Transcripts For ALJAZ Lassina Zerbo 20240713

Join us for a sense of. Just want. To. See. The 6945. 00 an american b. 29. 00 bomber drops the 1st of atomic bomb over the japanese city of hiroshima. At least 140000 people were killed in the attack. Tens of thousands more died later because of the effects of radiation ever since the end of the 2nd world war theres been an International Consensus an effort to contain the spread of Nuclear Weapons. The Global Community has created several organizations and signed treaties to prevent potential Nuclear Attacks as of today 9 countries have admitted to possessing Nuclear Weapons but only 5 a part of the 1968 Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty which calls on its signatories to open the doors for inspection by the International Atomic Energy Agency the i. A. E. A. Is one of the organizations promoting the peaceful use of Nuclear Technology while a 996 treaty banned all Nuclear Tests for both civilian and military purposes but there are 12 states which have neither signed nor ratified the treaty among them of 3 with Nuclear Weapons north korea india and pakistan. With north korea launching missiles on the growing conflict between india and pakistan can the world prevent a nuclear attack. The executive secretary of the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization dr list seen as servo talks to aljazeera. Listeners a executive secretary for the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization thank you for talking to aljazeera. Can we start really with the thought that peace and stability was hard for to after the 2nd world war 2 Nuclear Bombs hit japan in like a sucky and hiroshima and it brought the stark reality of what Nuclear Warfare could do to this planet for the Global Community to come together and say we shouldnt ever use these in war or conflict. Many decades have passed since that agreement or such and certainly since that incident how problematic has proliferation and Nuclear Development become in the decades following the 2nd world war to where we are now in 2019 you put it right its been nearly 75 years that the 2 bombs were detonated in the moment theres that and since then theres been a lot of discussion International Agreement the nonproliferation treaty the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty and many desire money and nonproliferation of agreement to try and. Find a way to stop what the world saw as a very devastating for all of us for our planet and how could we prepare the next generation for a more peaceful and world that has been the challenge for the past years but as we succeeded in we are facing the same situation as if we were the day after the 2 want to bomb we must now theres a because today still the most crucial political moral and social challenge is. To stop a Nuclear Explosion from operating on this planet again indeed and various politicians on various continents have their own issues and worries concern and needs regarding either Nuclear Technology or Nuclear Armament so lets begin in the middle east because the collapse of the Iran Nuclear Agreement has been Headline News for at least since President Trump came into power forcing really the european signatories to that document to generally take sides its still a difficult situation how do you read it at this moment it is a difficult situation for all of them for us for europe and for you on Foreign Ministers that if you gave the keynote speech. Of the minix security Conference Call group one of the thing that he said was to sum up the situation in the middle east i think shouldnt be taken in the 0 sum game because you have to find a deal where everyone feel victorious thats what a great deal could be but a deal is never perfect the deal is perfect what iran is looking at today despite the situation in the u. S. Is that europe stand on its commitment thats what Foreign Ministers that is was talking about but we have to find a situation where we put in we sacrifice our pride and ego to a certain extent and then to look at the interests of humanity the interests of the International Community and thats a difficult task but its a task that is possible and that we have to strive for if it is a task that is possible how does your Organization Fit into that considering the u. N. Are involved and various other interested parties and stakeholders who are dare i say whispering in the is various allies whether it be the us whether it be the European Partners or even iran precisely soiler think our the musician. Like the overall u. N. Context we hear to contribute to peace and stability. But we can only contribute if people take us seriously i mean if you take the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty this treaties long view but this treaty has been seen as one of the more adhere to Nuclear Armament a treaty on earth today but you have 184 countries that have signed up to destry t. 168 that are that if i and yet this treaty is still pending that if occasion in the middle east iran egypt and israel are all signed a treaty we can create through this treaty a condition of dialogue dialogue understanding Mitchell Trust because it always starts in the middle east with mr us or destroy us and thats one thing that Foreign Ministers that he was talking about again do you think there is a way forward for both iran and the u. S. To try and find. A Meeting Point a middle ground where they can discuss because at the moment they seem just so to the viewer at home just poles apart. I think there is if you look at what happened in north korea i mean for long people never thought that there would be an opportunity of dialogue between the u. S. And north korea why shouldnt we think that there is a possibility between iran and the u. S. I think both sides of shown interest in finding the solution. And finding an opportunity for dialogue bourse President Trump president romney of express their will to to sit on a table or around the table to discuss but theyve all given some conditions its the condition that basically make me say that sometime we have to sacrifice our pride and then put ego a little bit behind and then look at the International Communitys interests i think there is a way to approach this issue in a way where everyone feels comfortable does the fact that saudi arabia for example is currently talking to the u. S. About Nuclear Capability and Nuclear Armaments because there have been talks in washington they havent quite meet reached the point for any sort of formal agreement because reality doesnt want to sign up to the checks and balances required to have Nuclear Material or Nuclear Development on its soil for civilian purposes to be developed for military military purposes and that worries the u. S. To give them that i dont feed what is only the u. S. Of it when you talk about checks and balances when you talk about nuclear. Nonproliferation in the context the geopolitical context were living in now if you dont get those check and balance right i think its a door open for many many situation that will be uncontrollable so how do we ask you know one sides of the world to say you you can only do this and then to the other side will love. To say you can go forward without signing the check and balance that goes with the i mean the framework of nonproliferation and design them and i think thats something that is key its key for us but its key for the International Community saw the mini agreement that are Still Standing saudi says it wants to have a Nuclear Capability to counter iran are they justified in their concern for what iran has developed over the past few decades. Iran has always argued that no intention to develop Nuclear Weapons they say they have the right to Nuclear Capability for peaceful uses there is a framework to control this under the n. P. T. And then there is an agency that deal with this issue i think as long as we get iran to comply with the agreement that is set for to making sure that they dont pass that limit where the perception will be that they have the intention of developing Nuclear Weapons i think we are in good books what we have to do is to make sure there is a strict compliance to those agreements that are set for the g c p o e being one of them and in many other International Agreement you mentioned the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty you know ive always argued that within the way we could have included the city bt as part of the deal since you don as always argued that the have no intention to build a Nuclear Weapon but in the disappear here you have 2 major country that are not about to fire the compliance of Nuclear Test Ban treaty so how do you come and tell somebody that you know i want your doorstep to be clean and then when mine is not clean thats a situation that probably put the city between the difficult institutions of the j. C. I mean because that in the water at the moment. I wouldnt think so i think theres still hope lets hope that. People come to sense and as i said that we put we sacrifice our pride to a certain extent and then we find room for dialogue you touched on or north korean of course it sort of links into the us is that a cheat both to iran and north korea with iran that says they have no desire for a Nuclear Weapon the u. S. Has come down on them quite heavily yet with north korea who openly say we do have a Nuclear Arsenal and we do have the missiles that could possibly be or carry a Nuclear Warhead the u. S. Is happy to talk and to negotiate and to accommodate people and young yeah i think soil your youre touching exactly one of the challenges that you know people like myself having when we talk to. You both in the developing world i mean people always tell me exactly what you see north korea is showing muscles with regard to Nuclear Weapon capability and iran isnt at this level yet because they havent tested so far so why are we treating those 2 differently in one hand we have north korea that has shown some culpability with regard to possess a Nuclear Weapon and an opportunity to talk to them and then come this question does it mean that you need to shore. Muscles before people agree to sit on the table with you thats a question that many young people are asking me and i have no answer to this question except in saying that you know we will try and encourage dialogue both with iran and north korea even if theyre in the 2 of the different situation how unpredictable is north korea in terms of the diplomatic attitude you experienced i wouldnt say that north korea is unpredictable i wouldnt say i see one predictable to the viewer at home and to the ordinary person whether theyre in mumbai in edinburgh or in islamabad new delhi or johannesburg ill put it. I would say those who are dealing with north korea are too predictable thats the way i would put it north korea can be perceived unpredictable but when you go to talk to a country that is testing the only country that is testing Nuclear Weapon in this 21st century and you dont put forward the framework that we all agreed internationally what do you expect people to think but north korea is also very concerned about its own you might say post Nuclear Security it feels that its sovereignty will be impinged weakened they will be invaded i mean how do you reassure people that that isnt the intention from the conversations youve been having with World Leaders trust comes with respect. So if north korea filespec that they will feel trusted and then they will come to dialogue as it started but when you come to delhi its all about give and take what is north korea getting out of the discussion that are happening so far. They feel insecure what can we bring on the table to make them feel secure. We have International Agreement we have regional agreement we have dialogue not only with the United States we have dialogue with russia we have dialogue with many other country south korea for that matter how do we create the condition for the north to feel at ease with the south 1st because thats where its matters theyve always argued that the forces that arent there border making them feel very insecure theyve said if you remove those forces will stop testing and there will come to a table of discussion and then give more and more. So how do we deal of the situation thats something that is beyond my paycheck but its also beyond the u. S. Is remit to lift sanctions they would have to go back to the u. N. For several issues when it comes to sanctions its not just the u. S. Decision alone while you can have those conversations where President Trump is willing to talk to kim jong un. Hes also got his hands tied slightly in that he cant act alone. Of course he cant act alone but when you measure when you mention sanctions listening recently again to Foreign Ministers that if hes been arguing strongly that sanction will never work in the end you give the number of centrifuges that iran has before the sanction and the number of centrifuges that they have under the sanctions. Theyve gone from a couple of 100 to tens of thousands so what does it mean and theyve been strongly saying that they will not stand you give an example recently again that if for 7000 years they are than being wiretapped of this planet its been this 11 long way to go so you have a country that takes its culture and its history very strongly and takes. The middle east as part of his is d. N. A. And then filled that they can find a solution regionally and then fill also threaten but i wouldnt say the rest of the world but a part of the world that is saying you know youre not allowed to do this you can only do this but were not creating the conditions for you to not do what we dont think you should do then in another hand we have all those agreement that we are asking. To adhere to but others are not forced the same way to adhere to your mention north korea but ill give you a simple example in my part of the world when a country in africa wants for instance to join the u. N. Security council as a nonpermanent member what comes on the table is in their negotiations they say ok yes we would vote for you or will accept you in the Security Council but you thought about about defying this treaty or disagreement or joining another framework that is internationally adhere to but we should do that to everyone and then people feel safe and then people feel trusted and then they can trust multilateral diplomacy in terms of diplomacy lets head to south asia because the impasse between india and pakistan 2 Nuclear Powered countries. And certainly with large stockpiles of Nuclear Material have had a long running and a more city that is perhaps a as long as the end of the 2nd world war really they were also on either side of the cold war pakistans supported the usa india in directly the us former u. S. S. R. This past year has been very difficult for. Both countries over territorial claims. And there is a thought that their Nuclear Arsenal will increase. Significantly by 2025 how much of a concern is that for you if if i take india and pakistan with regard to the treaty that im dealing with the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty i would say pakistan as shawn has been forthcoming because theyre now an observer to the city bt. Theyve opened up the possibility of a regional agreement with india still awaiting india as a response to this theyve said clearly that they are for a world free of Nuclear Weapon as long as all parties come to the table and agree that this is the way forward theyve shown interests in moving towards a peaceful solution of the regional problem that they have a place with regard to the compliance of Nuclear Test Ban treaty it is my hope that india. Shore some interests in that respect and that will create a condition or for a region of dialogue at least a bilateral discussion between india and pakistan that to create the condition for stability and peace in that part of the world but how do we do that i think we do that if i take for instance the issue of joining the Nuclear Suppliers group that has been in discussion for so long your talk about tekken balances i mean should the International Community put conditions on indias accession to the Nuclear Suppliers group one of them being the signature of the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty its been on the table when people ask me that question for sure i would say that i would love to see that but how do we put india in a situation that they feel comfortable enough to see that in the check and balances signing the comprehensive Test Ban Treaty does no damage and if any it will help them create a condition of trust that other feel they need to be joining the Nuclear Suppliers group and then when. To put pakistan this is the question because as soon as they have regional difficulties normally of a territorial claims of a kurdish mir there is often talk by the extreme right in either country that its only about pressing a button that that concerns it does concern the International Community it concerns nationals from each of those 2 countries 2 that you know we would potentially possibly go to war so you absolutely know when i hear the word pushing the button a minute it frightens me. Because my biggest hope is that when we get close to any catastrophe i think we come to a sense somehow and i think i see no way in this civilized world norway in this 21st century any decent government or dissent political leader thinking about pushing the button of the Nuclear Weapon because theyre nor how devastating that could be but its not a war that anyone can win it for all of us to lose its about how many you lose an army a loss thats basically what it is in recent weeks weve seen the turkish president of the world talk about his country should have a Nuclear Arsenal yet turkey signed the Nuclear Nonproliferation treaty in 1980 and also signed in 1906 the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty i wouldnt think so really soil i dont think it is present to werent just talking off the top of that he talks about the fact that israel has has missiles and a Nuclear Arsenal but nobody touches them and i think we are in the. Political game where its a mind war i would put it this way i think people are putting themself in a situation where its become easy to talk about the perception of double standard that they see in multilateral diplomacy and thats probably what pushes the president to talk. Why one part as a Nuclear Weapon in this region and then other wouldnt have it but i think we all agreed that the fact that weve been able for the past 75 years to contain the probably finish no Nuclear Weapon to 5 or possibly 9 as people talk about it is already in itself a great achievement but at the same time. One needs to take what president says seriously and then always create the condition of dialogue that will get him to specify what he means and how we can deal of the situation that neatly brings me to a conversation that needs to be heard really between russia and the United States they are pulling back from the agreements that theyve had for several decades signed in the Reagan Gorbachev era and there is a real concern internationally that were now looking towards a new arms race and certainly a new Nuclear Missiles race sean that russia when russia and the United States are talking the world is a better place why because they are the 2 super power in terms of Nuclear Arsenal but not only that its the influence that they have in the different regions of this planet its through many International Agreement a Bilateral Agreement between those 2 are falling apart and now want to give the opportunities through the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty to create the condition of trust not only between the u. S. And russia among the p 5 we have 2 among the p 5 countries that are not allowed to fail to see to bt china and the United States whats it going to take to get the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban treaty ratified globally is it going to happen in our lifetime i hope so. If if the comprehensive Test Ban Treaty doesnt progress in a way where we can for seats are trying to force i dont see a future for Nuclear Disarmament of compliance of Nuclear Test Ban treaty 2 days or nor hanging fruit in arms control in nonproliferation if we can catch that fruit when we go. We have the prohibition treaty that is now in place i mean by many states that have signed this treaty but the p 5 the Nuclear Weapon state out of fusing to adhere to display bishan treaty so when we start we have in one hand people think we should ban all Nuclear Weapon from this planet and people who feel that testing is a step towards banning this this is what i feel if you can get the world to. Explosion once and for all how do we get them to buy Nuclear Weapons listening as a executive secretary for the comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization thank you for talking to aljazeera thank you for that thank you thanks. Russia has jeopardized the United States security interests we know what you are doing and you will not succeed perceptions from the outside looking. Into the picture from the inside. Think russias Foreign Policy is to soft. Russian goals to be achieved not. To view russia on aljazeera. The un published the most comprehensive study of life on. They found 1000000 species face extinction thats more than 12 percent of known life on. One truck to destroy the much Oil Infrastructure of which all well depends. 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