A corridor of water across the Mediterranean Sea as their maritime jurisdiction but that infringes upon areas that the greeks also claim is their maritime jurisdiction and the issue is very heated because both the greeks and the turks plan to explore for undersea oil and gas in these areas which are enormous thousands of square kilometers of Mediterranean Sea the greeks have not been invited to berlin precisely because of this reason because they have a particular interest in the outcome but that is in congress is what the European Union said last december thats when europe sided with greece to say that the agreement between libya and turkey is illegal it produces no legal consequences for the greeks in other words it doesnt its not binding legally upon the greeks and that it should be scrapped on the contrary the e. U. Believes that that agreement creates insecurities and instability in the Eastern Mediterranean but clearly there are limits to European Solidarity with greece as were seeing in this weekends talks so it is going to be interesting to see what general have to agrees with the greeks on his way to poland. Presumably his aim is to carry at least a part of the greek message the greek does to that peace conference. The us military has admitted that some of its soldiers were injured in the iranian attack in iraq earlier this month washington had initially denied anyone was hurt the missiles targeted the military base north of baghdad they were launched battell the ocean to the assassination of Iranian Military command customs all the money thousands are rallying across iraq after friday prayers the begin new Prime Minister and Economic Reforms they also want an end to foreign interference following the crisis between iran and the United States irans Supreme Leader has delivered his 1st friday sermon in 8 years. In a threatened u. S. Forces in the region and beyond he also said european nations cant be trusted after they formally challenge iran for pulling back on its commitments to the 2015 nuclear deal. Germany france and the government of the u. K. We responded to the after the us withdrawal from. I dont trust them. These countries want to bring the iranian nation. The us which is you couldnt do anything. Deceitful in the negotiations with us steel hand in a velvet glove they cant be trusted we have no problem with talks but not with the. Afghan government has rejected a. President called negotiations dead in september the taliban wants foreign troops to withdraw while the us wants security guarantees chinas Economic Growth has slowed to an almost 3 decades low its g. D. P. Grew by just 6 point one percent in 2019 as the lowest since 9900 but within the governments target the worlds 2nd largest economy has been stifled by the ongoing trade war with the u. S. Meanwhile chinas president is making his 1st visit to me and ping is expected to sign a 1300000000. 00 deal to build a port. Thats with. The specter of carrying out a Genocidal Campaign against the rohingya that forced more than 7 100000 people to flee to neighboring bangladesh in 2017 those are the headlines the news continues here on aljazeera after face to face. I would also like to take this opportunity. The power of your late my comp or a lot of. Paper than ever cover of the book here had the car to. Go at mc. And that terrible wrong at the current to our country and. Through the imposition of the system of about. December 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the clown the last white president of south africa ive years ago. If i would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that most of the monday i would be joining the disappearance of the 99 if i will. Of us. Before you today behind the coty in school choose the 2 leaders i rode olds and the tension in the country is at its highest. Will im living the opponents. We disagree strongly all issues and we will soon fight the strenuous election that lean against one of them. Standing in the cement the spro quest which will make. All the 3000 people have died in Political Violence. Since the beginning of this year mandela and declare parkins as much as one of the 2 characters representing a cruising campus engaged in unwilling to move to solutions of political and personal doom that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the products. 7 kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime that i many people feel that it is useless and for the future for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. Under defenseless people. In 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population in the state who responded with increasingly savage repression. In the 1980 s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician and been president of the senate his uncle have been Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit almost always say that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never. In 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to post more prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. Identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my 988. 00 until he should release they met some got 50 times or 48. 00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know the minds of the africans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat them. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support for his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december 13th 1989 mandela left the Victor Verster prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heis the president s office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have. High expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get. An understanding of each other to get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected and he was also very impressed by president of mr mandelas aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the 10 booze so you have natural a natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiations but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up for us and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. On february the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 37000000. 00 South Africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament they did declare was about to pronounce his 1st general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. It is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the African National congress the Pan Africanist congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and. People serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but no communism is dead so now we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. The clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of de klerk suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the siding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about doing this matter to finality without delay the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. Of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to it that is each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators and town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february and the 1st reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. On february 11th 1990 at 5 oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. After 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape time in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that the problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. Overwhelmingly framed. It was like people who are paying together for the 1st time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet each other. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized on both sides that we had to work jointly and collectively. The way forward and to responsible to the rest of us nobody else can take that response and. You can imagine. With the background of the participants. 2 sides that has been fighting each other. For the hammer. Suddenly being. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know al qaida still 3 us. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Is striking feature. Of the discussions. Which we have head. During the last 3 days. Has been the at cordiality. We have had to. Have discussions on sensitive matters. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding. Despite the signature of a Peace Agreement 4 months later the relationship between de klerk and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the host ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. Is not the a. N. C. Just say it is the voices there are people to threaten the leaders the people those who can only true the beginning of a real lot of discount. Oh. More people got killed in south africa between 18091904 dunn were killed by a part of forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the eye of p. And a n c u d s but it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the 3rd force. The 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the put a lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to and and to accuse the clerk of the statistics. 100 thank you and. The National Party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. A talk about reform and change. That they still want to hold on to economic advantage you got power he said you see you dont care about the life lives of blacks that tell us you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing that had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judith to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the Security Forces against my orders against the policy ive laid down who continued with politically this had a tough underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very Senior Officers the credit cards the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldnt just walk into the military camp and say. Give up your arms is taking over he had to take he had to move very carefully with the police and with the military. And he did it slowly and and Nelson Mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. To disband and to end this that for violence and that that would defend. As the 2 leaders exchanged accusations about the causes of the violence talks continues and a conference was soon organized could desa the convention for a democratic south africa to discuss the countrys future institutions 300 delegates took part the a. N. C. And their allies demanded a majority electoral system where blacks would be dominant in the government declared his party wanted various measures to protect the white minority but on the very 1st day december 20th 1991 the talks almost collapsed when dick clark took the floor of. The only one. This is a room with.