Forces fired tear gas to break up a crowd trying to bring baghdad the scene that bridge its close to talk to a square where thousands of people have been counted out for months to demand political change hundreds of people have been killed since mass protests began in october. Irans Supreme Leader says European Countries cant be trusted in negotiations over the 2015 nuclear deal ayatollah ali how money made the comments during friday prayers its the 1st time hes led the salmon in tehran in 80 years turkeys president proud of and has accused the Syrian Government of breaking a cease fire and it led province this is far it was supposed to take effect last sunday but since then both sides have exchanged fire and at least 20 civilians have been killed this week many of them in airstrikes. Almost 3000. 00 people are heading north through guatemala towards the Mexican Border most to escaping extreme poverty and Gang Violence in honduras president under a smuggler Lopez Obrador who says the migrants wont be allowed to travel through mexico to the u. S. But hes promised to give out up to 4000 jobs to people who choose to stay a correspondent john holmes with those migrants in Guatemala City this is the queue of people from honduras that have traveled in a caravan they are aiming to get to mexico many of them to get through mexico and to the United States were actually outside of d a migrant shelter here in Guatemala City so this is just one of the stops on the way for them theres already people that have gone on and are already at the border of guatemala mexico now whats going to happen there is the mets can governments already said that its not going to give them transit so they can get through and get to the United States he says that the most it can offer them is to enter the country and to ask for asylum but its actually quite a backlog for asylum in mexico city and so the people here as we said that a lot of them is sort of destined for disappointment really in the in the hope of reaching that dream of the United States the reasons that they go in and the reasons that theyre leaving on to it are really 2 things by loans theyre fleeing from going city extorting kill much of the population in various different parts of the country and also poverty in honduras theres not a lot of opportunities this in a canonic situation its been bad in the in recent years its been getting worse but people say they just dont earn enough to live so looking for more opportunities in the north they come many of them with what they carrying is who they have. Taken to stop here in the shelter you can see theyre just going in and the new the next stop and they were ignored. Canadas Prime Minister says iran must hand over flight and data recorders from the downed Ukrainian Airline to a country fully equipped to examine them as soon as possible the crash killed 57 canadian Citizens Police in democratic republic of congo have fired tear gas at demonstrators in the capital kinshasa the antigovernment protest was held by former president ial candidates mohsen fail to mourn the killing of hundreds of civilians in the northeast by rebel groups more antigovernment protests are being held in chiles capital go demonstrations 1st began in october over an increase in subway fares but quickly transformed into widespread anger over the struggling economy and inequality at least 26. 00 people have died since the protests began and those are the headlines the news continues after a face to face mandela and dick clark by from the. First thanks. Very. I would also like take this opportunity. The regulate my conversion of federal law to. Stay further than f. Government here had the car to. Go and make. That terrible wrong at the current to our country and. Through the imposition of the system of about. December 1993 the packed house and on to city home owners Nelson Mandela the hero of the antiapartheid struggle and frederick the clear the last white president of south africa ive years ago. People would have seriously question the sanity of anyone who would have predicted that mr madela and i would be joining the disappearance of the 99. 00 if a bill. Yet all of us. Are before you today behind the coty askew chooses the 2 leaders are at olds and the tension in the country is at its highest in the us. Will more than a gallup poll that. We disagree strongly all issues that we will soon fight the strenuous election have been against one of them. Standing in the cement the spro quest which will make. All the 3000 people have died in Political Violence. Since the beginning of this year mandela and dick clarke partners as much as one of the 2 characters representing a cruising campus engaged in unwilling to move to solutions a political and personal june that was poised to put an end to one of the most racist when the plants. Ready. 7 kilometers west of cape town Nelson Mandela was a prisoner for 18 years raised in a village in eastern south africa he founded the 1st black law from in the country appalled by the treatment of blacks and people of color he created the armed wing of the African National congress to fight against the Apartheid Regime that i many people feel that it is useless and free theater for us to continue talking peace and nonviolence against the government was a block is only a savage attacks. Under defenseless people. In 1962 mandela was arrested 2 years later he and his fellow accused were sentenced to life imprisonment for sabotage and conspiracy he was 46 years old. During his incarceration and social unrest spread and intensified among the black people who represented almost 3 quarters of the population of the state responded with increasingly savage repression. In the 1980 s. The country was subjected to the iron fist leadership of peter both or head of the National Party regarded as a hard liner he was nonetheless aware that profound change was inevitable among his most influential ministers was frederick vellum declare an ambitious afrikaner who entered politics in 1971 f. W. As everyone called him came from an influential conservative family. One must remember that his father had been a very senior National Party politician it being president of the senate his uncle have been Prime Minister so he was deeply. Involved in the whole growth and development of the National Party mr de klerk was perceived to be on the conservative side that he was predicting what group rights as it was call but i think to his credit one was always that he was never in favor of a Security Solution for the country never. In 71 i still embraced the concept of separateness which i believed idealistic could bring justice in the early eightys. I came to the conclusion and not only me many of my colleagues around me that the concept of separateness is just institutionalizing in justice that it was our own and that we had to abandon the concept of a part they separate us. In the early eightys Nelson Mandela returned to the mainland after 2 decades of brutal detention he was transferred to pollsmoor prison then in 1988 to more comfortable housing within the victim 1st the prison about 100 kilometers from cape town. For mandela was no ordinary prisoner convinced that negotiation could bring an end to apartheid he had begun secret meetings with government representatives notably we could see how the Justice Minister and neal barnard the head of the secret services. And so p. W. Identified a team of which i was the head at the time they start in total secrecy negotiations with one below which in fact started in my 988. 00 until usually they met some got 50 times or 48. 00 times every week for hours on end and nobody not is almost the archetype of an african a nationalist mandela use that to get to know. The minds of the africans the minds of the National Party and by the time he came out he knew more or less what they were what they were thinking what was possible what wasnt possible he knew more or less how to treat that. Both at home and abroad calls for mandelas release grew louder and gained more support his party the a. N. C. Represented him as the symbol of the antiapartheid struggle. In early 1989 bhutto was weakened by a stroke shortly after a secret meeting with mandela he was forced to resign as party leader and later as president. I relented in august his former minister frederick de clercq age 53 took over as president of the country his priority to end the deadlock crippling south africa. On december 13th 1989 mandela left the victor vast the prison for a few hours he was secretly taken to the center of cape town to detain heis the president s office for the 1st time the black leader and white president found themselves face to face. I did not have. High expectations of a 1st meeting with mr mandela and when i did have my 1st meeting i did not try to achieve much for both the him and me that 1st meeting was to get an understanding of each other. To get a feel for the person sitting across the table to start with mandela was much taller than he expected and he was also very impressed by the president of this to mandelas aristocratic bearing because we must remember that that mandela was actually raised to be the Prime Minister of the paramount chief of the 10 booze so he had natural and natural sense of authority very dignified a very charming after that 1st meeting there was the feeling that yes we can do business with each other so i did expect that he would be positive about the concept of negotiations but we both of voided talking about the real challenges and the real issues at that time it was a sizing up process and so that was the beginning of of a long and sometimes very very rocky relationship. On february the 2nd 1990 the eyes of 37000000. 00 South Africans were turned towards cape town for the opening of parliament didnt declare was about to pronounce his 1st general policy speech many were hoping he would commit the country to a new direction. It is time for us to break out of the cycle of violence and to break through to peace and reconciliation the steps that have been decided on the following the prohibition of the African National congress the pan african as congress the south African Communist Party in a number of subsidiary organizations is being nice and. People serving prison sentences merely because they were members of one of these organizations will be identified and released i think the clark when he took over as president in 1009 was faced with a choice he knew that the countrys economy was in really deep trouble he knew we were almost facing a civil war inside the country and here suddenly the thing landed on his lap was he going to do more about it more oppression more police more military and destroy the economy get into a civil war or was he going to be the sturrock a figure that ended the war and i think the berlin wall helped him a lot because it was a strong argument to use to say we had to fight against the a. N. C. Because they were communists but no communism is dead so now we can talk to them which made their message easier to accept by the white people however what is very crucial to make the point that this change. The clear speech was not simply the result of a free condom nationalism of his party and of the clear suddenly becoming good guys and through the good heart the sodding there must be a change it was the pressure from the struggle i wish to put it plainly that the government has taken a Firm Decision to release mr mandela unconditionally im serious im serious about doing this matter to finality without dealing the speech i made on the 2nd of february 9090 contained a package of measures. Of which the release not only of Nelson Mandela but also of all Political Prisoners was just a part i listed the state of emergency i tried in that speech to address each and every excuse in the sea could offer not to come to the negotiation table and during that period we were the only communicators in town and they had all of the t. V. Cameras they needed to use. How and when to release the iconic mandela this was the subject of the 2nd confrontation between the 2 men one week later at the president s office. I announced to him that he would be released on the 11th of february and the 1st reaction was its too soon and i said why is it too soon he said we need more time to prepare insisted that this process cannot work without me i am the key to this thing so when you want to release me you release me at a time that suits me and my family because i have to manage the a. N. C. And it was one of the things of me will you are my prisoner you will do as i say and i said to him mr mandela you and i will negotiate about many things but you been in jail long enough you will be released on the 11th of february let us discuss what time of the day and from where you will be in east. On february 11th 1990 at 5 oclock in the oftener there was great excitement at the victor fest a prison everyone had been waiting for several hours to see Nelson Mandela released arm in arm with his wife when. After 27 years in jail a free 71 year old man returned to his home in so wet oh determined to win freedom for his people. After 4 decades of conflict the adversaries met over 3 days and put ischia an official building in cape town in may 990 the jailer and his former prisoner walked side by side presenting a court image there are bound to be difficulties but there is cautious optimism as well as faith and conviction that problems will be solved by negotiation. And i trust that these discussions will be another milestone on the road to a new and you just saw that i think it was. Overwhelmingly framed. It was like people who came together for the 1st time we didnt know each other but who wanted to meet each other. That was a that was a wonderful experience and was about the fact that. We suddenly realized on both sides that we had to work out jointly and collectively. A way forward and a duck to responsibility rests on us nobody else can take that response and. You can imagine. With the background of the participants 2 sides of been fighting each other. For the am or. Something levy. Of course theres a measure of mistrust. We do know ill call the district 3 s. We didnt know. But the point is we had to agree theres only one way to discover. That is to me. Is striking feature. Of the discussions. Which will head. It during the last 3 days. Has been the at cordiality. We have had. Discussions on sensitive not. In a spirit of conciliation and understanding. Despite the signature of a Peace Agreement 4 months later the relationship between de klerk and mandela was tainted by violence around the often lethal conflict had broken out in various regions of south africa particularly in causing confrontations erupted to between a. N. C. Supporters from the host ethnic group and supporters of the i f p the in qatar Freedom Party made up of zulus and led by monks who to buthelezi. Is not only a is it just that is the voice is the law the. Truth and only the leaders the people those who can only true the beginning of a rear all is going. Oh. More people got killed in south africa between 18091904 than were killed by a part of forces in the entire history of a part that there was a natural competition between the p. And the a. N. C. U. T. S. But it was aided and abetted by the former military and Police People called it the 3rd force. The 2 big black groupings fighting and a 3rd force egging them on and fomenting more violence leading police teats and intelligence chiefs including military intelligence were working with elements of the put to lazy party and the soft course was how mundane the came to use that label and to and and to accuse the clerk of the statistic. 100 thank you and. The National Party has got that dab agenda for the negotiations process on the one hand. A talk about reform and change. That they still want to hold on to economic and political power he said you see you dont care about the life lives of blacks thats why you have you have allowed that situation to develop and this is why these things have happened even after we had given you our commitment even when we have been doing that had to discipline our people and you behaved in this way because you dont care about black life i think the accusation that i didnt do enough was unfair and that it was not based in fact from the moment that i started to have a suspicion and also in conjunction with all the allegations they were making i appointed judith to judicial commissions of inquiry the one commission of inquiry came up and opened up a can of worms to show that yes they were elements in the Security Forces against my orders against the policy ive laid down who continued with politically this have a tough underground activities that resulted in the dismissal or early retirement of a big number of very Senior Officers the credit card the difficulty he had to walk a tightrope he couldnt just walk into the military camp and say. Give up your arms and see is taking over he had to take he had to move very carefully with the police and with the military. And he did it slowly and and Nelson Mandela has indicated that he understood that so there was a game that mandela would put pressure on him. To disband and to end this that for violence and that that would defend. As the 2 leaders exchanged accusations about the causes of the violence talks continues and a conference was soon organized could desa the convention for a democratic south africa to discuss the countr