At least 5 people had been killed in an explosion of the mosque and the city of hunger near the shower. It happened during friday. Prayers come out of high to reports from islam of us. There has been a search and the y lane. Uh, either a number of security for this person or let been go on now. It should be on the 3rd uh of the us withdrawal from a one is done a Certain Group subject that they didnt get all of on focused on this nomic state. I wasnt able to reorganize and then start getting out or died from across the border. The other 1. 00 bond of cards have now launched a major offensive and canard. And theyve been proven to ne and provinces of, of, honest on a day trying to flush out that they didnt get all of on focused on quite good. Dianne feinstein, the longest serving woman of the us senate, has died at the age of 90. The California Democrats was known for promoting bills on gun control and the environment. She had been on well and planned to retire at the end of had to next year. Many us is about 2 thirds of the Ethnic Albanians have left the go to cadillac. Well, the week of the, as advise you on to controlling the swift and military offensive really 93000 people, i believe, to have crossed into media. Russian president Vladimir Putin has instructed the former chief of staff of the wagner group to create volunteer units for the war. And you trying person has previously held to on try to push it as a possible new commander for the mis and re force the soap. Those uh, the headlines as a, as a website has much more an overlay system. Now, top stories stay tuned studio be unscripted as next on counting the cost, trouble in 1. 00 of the china is biggest shadow banks. Is the showing these economy of risk rising fuel prices and a pulling car and see anger in serious over the economic crisis. Plus Uranium Price is at their highest level in more than 12 years. Counting the cost analysis the the time samantha valley, im an architect from johannesburg, south africa. I think the role of architecture is that it is a best. So for our identities, and it allows us to see ourselves reflected the canon and the curriculum that we went towards was an inherited curriculum. That is the image of architecture in the west. I, alexandro and rena. Im an architect from san diego. As my practice element done, and you see the c d. C shortcut to whats the quality, if you will, given all the bad in the world for doing a building. You still would like to make a building that has taken out the suppressors, the unnecessary and social housing. Your forest is not the choice. The if a 100 you grew up in a time of dictatorship. And now theres an incredibly exciting, interesting, political moment thats happening in today. Can you tell us a little bit about that . Its, its, its intense and its tough. And i think youre referring to the fact that were, were writing the constitution in that already its, its, uh we, we shouldnt take that for granted. I mean, this started as a battle that could have perpetrated on the streets as a, as a civil war. And im talking about october 2019 a couple of weeks late to the same society that was a building a subway stations and barricades. And i need the sucking and looting. So stores decided that the way to deal without conflicts was uh, by discussing it, have a political dialogue thats already very remarkable. I think we have to feel very proud as a society of about that as an architect. And this was no news. I mean in 2012, then hes been out there. We presented the project that was called the magnet and the bomb. I need to refer to this doubling the condition of cities that have tried people, ideas, resources, capital, everything. But at the same time, it creates a friction that is a kind of social ticking time bomb in the qualities which was one of the Biggest Challenges i would say in the world. And you know, and societies express in cities in a very concrete and daily ways. And thats a way out. We thought about changing the rules, some of the game of how we will live together. Interestingly enough, this was the title of the last then is be an alibi. Hashim sort is we went through a process where 82 percent of the population decided to change the constitution because new rules of the game were needed. A year later, 62 percent rejected the text, so there was a need for change for sure. But then when the change and depending on what to fire on the other end, the society that wait, wait, i mean i was one of the 38 percent that low. So i wanted to get the constitution changed. But its important because the piece have a role in how little this issues we translate or not into the built environment. And we may contribute as architects to create conditions to level the field. Because india and see if these are shortcut towards the quality. I mean, you could london today, see if these are measured for what you can do in them for free. We may have some tools to look at the safety of opportunities to improve peoples quality of life on a daily basis. A lot. I would say that if we can connect that to the rules of the game, who if i were linked together me, we may have a chance not to keep on living under the threat of the social ticking time bomb. Yes, i just also wanted to resonate was the politics that you are speaking about when i grew up in south africa, it was a time when a constitution was also being rewritten. I was born in 1990 just a few days after monday i was released from prison and i was full when our country became a democracy and growing up in that time. It was an incredible time of optimism with this new constitution where everything fell as possible and we were the rainbow nation. And i hope i hold in my practice that this always optimism and always hope that things can look different that we can live together at the same time when i was finishing my architectural studies, that was a very sub human political time in south africa. And that was the time of the roads, my school, which led to the fees most for movement in south africa. The then send that falls across the world and led to a student movements across the world, demanding for free, the colonized education. And i think that was a time of the post rainbow nation where students really felt that weve had enough, we want to see a different curriculum. So these moments of political change and political shift, i think are really big moments of wake up for architecture, or they can be at least a side comment. The south african constitution was really bent for the to land when the discussion, at least because i was asked by the people that were working in the Constitutional Convention just as a reference, as many people were awesome. I mean, if you want to put a sentence in the constitution about housing or safety, uh, when would you say . I said i have no idea, but i may know a person that can help. And that was different briar Supreme Court judge. And the us that happened to be together in the press good price jury. So ask stephen if you want to put a sense of what we do. And he said, i cant help you because the west coast edition and this was already mind blowing is based on negative rights that i have to prevent the state to interfere with your freedom to a religion of a believe or expression or to carry guns. And what your asking about housing is based on positive, right. And thats the biggest difference how once you have costs a huge amount of consequence take place. But i know a person that might help you and he called a friend in germany. And in germany he said, oh yes, you are asking about the 2nd and 3rd generation rights is the constitution. Im doing some motor constitution that have done that with that. So the freak on 1996 article 26 where the every citizen has the rights to adequate housing. And the 2nd sentence, which is the state will take all the necessary measures to pro provide access to that adequate housing. Because without that 2nd question in countries like ours, youll just create false expectations that then a citizen may assume you for not getting the right of housing of for sure youre going to get for straight to society. So it was very smart from south africa to shift the bonding right to housing, to the mission was that the state has to take, unfortunately into the 2nd sentence was and didnt make it to the, to the finer version. But i think these are the kind of of consequences that then we as architects, have to translate into reality. So actually speaking about housing and i think this is a very different take on it. But the theme of the 1st is slowly gods being on a is what a bait which means 1st house, when we say a stomach on everyone has an image in their mind. And that image of islamic art is actually an inherited definition. Again, its not to say that in the time of the process or way back when that these definitions of islamic are existed. Of course they evolved through culture, but they were defined by eyes outside of that culture. And i wanted to be able to create to be, and i lay that is resonant with the experiences and the life of being, im with them. And so this idea of what it base or 1st house is really reflecting on the 1st principles of belonging as a muslim and over bait is but um, of reference thats given to the kava and mca. Uh so i on the one hand source about that as the focus of our rituals, that symbolically every time we stand up and pay a to face must go. We are connected with people past, present, and future who are doing the same. So the 1st seems to be an i labeled kibbler, really reflects on that and it thinks about how we construct an internal and spiritual sense of belonging with the absence of anything else or what are those internal things that we return to. So the art is to have work to interpret those themes from the scale of the call to prayer, to the scale of a gathering theyre really thinking through what of those 1st principles of belonging and its very centered on rituals and on spirituality. And then the 2nd seems to be a 9 a which is called heads, dra, this means migration. Really thinks about the 1st principles of belonging off to displacement or no matter where we are in the world. And here were thinking about all of the ingredients of gathering. So food sound forms of worship was prayer, things that really ingredients for bringing us together and the Building Blocks of community in the absence of anything else thats, thats a, uh, very, very important. Actually, i have to confess that and not that long ago, i thought, i mean, we have to deal with so many pressing issues. I mean, thats really, really important. Why spend time and money on art . Uh, it was a process of course, but maybe 2019 was the movement because of the 2 land situation that i understood that we may have corrected and, and change all the material conditions, only policies on all the rational aspects. Yet our society wouldnt have had a common sense. And you mentioned food, you feel making music this pump, tonic music in the process in gene it was very impressive to have this, this song that i remember from the 8th is splunk. Tanya is me being song and in on the streets where people that were left out of the system that wanted to again have a sense of purpose. I would say that the never thought it would be. Its being so crucial for survival. I thought would be where this kind of thing that you would only do once youve sold your basic needs, unless we change that and i or david goes back to again to the question of creating a collective sense of belonging. And i think the word belonging matters. Look, were living in a world where your value is, is based on your belongings known. Unimproved oh, how different would it be if our system of values was based on belonging, the the societies that communities, the brooks that offer us glimpses of there is im gonna turn that too fast. But unless this becomes something attractive, something seductive is going to be uh, just wishful thinking. Absolutely. I thinking in south africa, the architecture is either focused on becoming the image of the north or the west, or its focused very much on Service Delivery. But because the needs of Service Delivery are so pressing, were forced again to refer to models that exist already. And unless we dig deeper and ask deeper questions of belonging and of what manifestations of identity and social ideals look like, were going to always have the same models. And if anything and societies where we do have performance, where we have oral cultures, where we have a, you know, different ways of archiving and different ways of holding stories. I think we also have methods in there that are waiting to push Practice Forward differently. And i wanted to ask you on that about you will be an id because you mentioned how sions, but you didnt talk about the 1st thing from the front. Its, of course, weve never created anything before. And all of a sudden we were asked to provide the menus be an outlet, so its a, its a huge on a month to digest. And in addition to the types of the a much we showed for that be now that im, you may remember that it was this woman on top of a ladder and she was an archaeologist starting to knock alliance in through. First of all, this lady couldnt afford anything but an aluminum leather to walk around the desk said that from a certain height can makes the seal stones make sense from the top of the leather lines and flowers and animals and stars begin to appear. So the question of changing perspective to make the would make sense mattress. But the, the modest means that she had to do that. Even if he, if she had more money, if she was around lets say in the car and, and standing on top of the car, she would have destroyed the lines. So it was also a pertinent to. So i would say that this image is very telling of the way we should perform in the world today. Thank you so much. I think its time to get some questions from the audience. Im really interested in this idea of schools to see in abundance. And im a electra in architects. I tried to teach my students the value of thoughts and i wanted what lessons perhaps you could give them that the absolutely i i grew up in t let or was feeling sorry that because of the lack of resources, we were not able to do there. What was being built here. Uh and um, i would say that the 1st part of everybodys practice is tried to prove that look, look to you and we can do what youre doing there to uh, at some point. Uh we realize that, but what about doing here things that cannot be done there and then diet and this the role that sometimes stephen brutal thing that here because over regulation can be produced. Its a luxury we have well, maybe perfection. These know what our goals should be, and i know those and change and shift the mindset cost. If it was one of them, instead of complaining about it, it was the greatest filter against arbitrariness. And that is something that it, of course, with the white theme, social housing or emergency housing completely changed. I would have to do it to work instead of being sorry, no one will proud. Yeah. Similarly, i think scarcity in relation to what. And i recently collaborated with the architect just me, laurie. She has a contribution and they finally got to be in olive, but weve been working together for many years. And in one of the projects she worked on creating and stoves was the community of woman. And she described the message of building that she used to being a can to the way that these women need to 5 to do so. The soft fullness of how the, the texture and consistency of the mind works. But also the way that the mind is prepared is electricity thats familiar to these women, the because it comes from knowledge is that they have in their homes and seeing that as a source of abundance. I think theres something very interesting, but it also then asks us to question what other electricity is waiting to produce architecture. And the same way shes also been working with prototyping, a sample lyme and my docutech. Just again, bamboo is something thats very common the found in her region. And these architectures have listed us quick 7 slides and thinking about the weather. Something to collaborate west rather than to withstand is also something thats i think, very interesting. So perhaps we need to frame what we define a square city and why in relation to what so i wanted to ask you, to what extent have youre going to impact the, the way youll be shown and create your project . I think this is something that ive been reflecting on more recently and in the beginning it was on intuition as i said as well. But its, its impossible to separate who we uh and how we see the world from how we design that. I think the more that we are able to embrace who we uh, and embrace our ways of living our ways of being our cultures and Belief Systems and how we design. And the more confident our design becomes. And i think its a mess that i called to and pragmatism should be separated. Its something that we received post enlightenment. But if we think about the origins of oft, it really was very, very much tied to cultural practice. And in and so many couches, um, very pragmatic design is also highly decorative because thats one of the thats one of the prerequisites of, of ritual practice. So i think, i think seeing thing called to a separate from design as the 1st issue that we have, the more that we can, the more that we can understand that these things on should be integrated the best. So i think go design will become my question is, um, so what are your thoughts on navigate to matalin just rounding sustainability and security. Yes to, to use as well. They have pre build buildings already and especially about social social housing. How to make that. So its a home for everyone. Um, i would say that in the in so saying that anything is nothing but the rigorous use of common sense. Then model in your taking care and paying attention to the conditions both for your my to the choices or for your orientation of the the footprint on your things naturally tend to be was a reasonable even your rigorous news using common sense. So 3rd, my mass was its hard, gaining a passive energy from when its cold, or in again, in the production of half of the square meters that are not built by it. Lets say mike, its a big building companies. What tends to happen is that these look that is local labor, it tends to come from very close by. So cardboard foot that tends to be rather efficient. So allow for that straight, smart uh, approaches to enter your system. Sometimes the problem is here is that we have an abundance of, of desk and, and social media in people giving opinions about it can be the environment as cost would be of trip strength wisdom. The key for participatory design is actually here. You dont make participatory is assigned to us people. How would you like your house . Because it doesnt make any sense. Measurable strengths are so big, the new only create false expectations. And the reason for make participatory design, 1st of all is to understand the question. So thats is the precision and the question matters because if they say sort