April 14, 2021 , AWWA convened a panel of experts led by co-chairs John Graham and Cary Coglianese. Graham, a professor at the Indiana University, was administrator of the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs at Office of Management and Budget under President George W. Bush. Coglianese is a law and political science professor at the University of Pennsylvania, where he also serves as the director of the Penn Program on Regulation. The expert panel concluded regulatory actions should simultaneously account for vulnerable people’s access to affordable water service and the need to protect their health. This conclusion is important because when cost-benefit analyses are conducted under the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), it may be assumed all households are willing and able to pay for safer drinking water, even though households vary in their ability to pay.