Police chiefs, but there are some i would call the very exclusive group of the finest people who have had an impact on the Police Profession through an entrepreneurial spirit and with a good deal of imagination and innovation in improving policing in the United States. It goes back almost a century ago. The chief of police in berkeley, california, interesting that that is where improved policing started in view of what is going on today. He was chief of police for a brief time in los angeles. In the middle of the last century, bill parker in los a chief in cincinnati, and they were followed by wilson in chicago and pat murphy in new york, detroit, and washington, d. C. There is no question that these leaders in Police Excellence formed a distinguished group in which todays keynote speaker, as an innovator, as an imaginative leader, and as a person has done very much uniquely, has had a unique ince, in policing excellent this country and has in many ways had a unique career that is toy difficult for anyone duplicate what they have done. He has headed six Police Departments, including some of the largest two largest in the country. He has done an outstanding job in all of the Police Departments he has headed and has set a standard for Police Leadership. He has in ae sense invented language. No one knew anything as big as comstat until he came along and developed it, and out every Police Department in the country is using comstat. He has had a role in all the departments he has provided leadership. Three results in each 1 improved policing, decreased crime, and the third has been better relationships between the community and the police. This is a terrific record, and that is why we are so pleased to have him today. I can tell more about him, but i think you want to listen to him, and i think it will be wellbore worth your attention to your what he says about policing in the 21st century. Ladies and gentlemen, it is my pleasure to introduce my friend member of theding Law Enforcement community, bill bratton. [applause] mr. Bratton good morning. It is a good morning. You for thatnk more than gracious introduction. I go back a long way. We first met at the Harvard KennedySchool Executive sessions on policing, late 1980s, early 1990s. More soutive sessions, than any other government activity that i am aware of over the last 50 years, shaped american policing and she did for the better. Handshakes it for the better. And shaped it for the. The better. Not widely known was the generals role in that. Stewart, it was administration, funded by one of the most liberal colleges in the United States, was in Effect Community policing, but oftentimes the politicization was widely associated with democratic administrations in the 90s 1990s, it was funded by the active participation of the reagan administration, but in the person of the attorney general who attended, as by his schedule, every schedule of that over many years. He is to be applauded, and i am an extraordinary admirer of. Im it is an unheralded, short, and i remind people how instrumental he was personally in his past the as attorney general in helping to point american policing in a very defining way in a difficult time of our country. I thank him for the second time inviting me here to the Heritage Foundation to give a speech on this issue. First time was 1996, october, 21 years ago. I had shortly before left the nypd, working with mayor giuliani, and this time had been out of the nypd for the second time. Working for mayor de blasio. Two different perspectives. Myself, i think i can work with anybody, so by giving those examples, that is Proof Positive that i can. I want to knowledge the report distributed today. I was not able to attend the symposium held earlier by a number ofd reports that came from that. I had the opportunity to read all of them. It helped for my prepared remarks as well as some of the extraneous extemporaneous ones i will make. I was taken with some in particular. My very close colleagues of wrote anry mccarthy, extraordinary piece on the issue of bias and race on this issue. Chipscontributor, stewart. I thank those people for their concretions to the diet contributions to the dialogue. Heritage foundation, keenly interested in this issue, and it is my privileged to be affiliated by invitation with heritage. Hopefully today there will be the opportunity to discuss policing in america, lessons from the past, opportunities for the future. I cant speak for the past, speak to the current situation, and offer thoughts going forward, where there is so much contention about where we need to go at this point in time. Comments. S, i have been in the business almost 50 years. I have seen the arc of policing over this time. A continued period of evolution with many periods of revolutions. T was one. With that introduction, i thank you once again, attorney general. My Company Works almost exclusively with the private sector. I am limited in my involvement with leasing, where he worked most of my life, but the private sectors needs are the same as american policing, dealing with terrorism, cybercrime issues, social media issues. The combination between private what Community Policing is all about, the idea collaboration, because we have shared interests. With that, let me speak to you about the paper i am presenting. Let me give you a title preventing crime and disorder in the 21st century. Believenately preventing crime and disorder is the key to successful policing rather than measurement of our response to it. It has been since it was a chick elated nine principles that progression of policing. My original copy of those nine policing are my foundation. 1829, they are more relevant today than they were in 1829. The basic mission for which the police exists is to prevent i aphasize print crime disorder. Nd the three crime and disorder. A large part of our history, particularly over the last 50 years, they did not. In the 1970s, 1980s, we lost our way. The 1990s, we got to the basic mission to which the police exists. The ninth principle is the test of Police Efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of Police Action in dealing with it, meaning you can reduce the crime for disorder. The need for police to be seen repressing crime and disorder can be used more effectively collaborating with committees working together. The visibility of enforcement that generates so much of the hostility. In the 21st century world of videos, there is not a week that was fight where there is not a video where police are using force and video representation of that force, whether it looks awful, it kohls is further apart rather than brings us together. If we can reduce crime to such an extent we can reduce police use of force, that would do a long way to bringing us together. I believe the nine principles have been key long before they were first enunciated in 1829, for thought as society and governments have been trusted by the power by their citizens, and we are a Citizen Police in this country, to keep Public Safety. The first obligation of government is Public Safety. It is written in our constitution, declaration of independence, bill of rights. Public safety. That obligation is fulfilled principally in our criminal system, theome responsibility of the police. Police matter is a term i used in the lapd in 2003 as part of the rebuilding of that very damaged organization, which had effectively ceased to police the city of los angeles, crime was rising, spirits were low, and as a way of inspiring that department i came up with that mantra. It means that the individual actions of cops count, good and bad, and that the actions of Police Departments and the Police Profession, good and bad, matter. Costs count. Police matters. We can ensure thos actions are goode and are guided by what are the three cs and a t. We need a police constitutionally. We need polici compassionately. Consistently, not pleased differently in minority neighborhoods than we might in white or richer neighborhoods. At all times and increasingly in the 21st century, with the advent of cameras, we need a police with transparency. There can be no denying for much particularly in relations with africanamericans, our actions and those of our government are shaped by our countrys original sin, that scourge of slavery. 3300 years of slavery on this country, nearly 100 years of jim crow laws following. Weerrible National Legacy still do with today. Many of our actions with immigrants, legal and illegal, and with the native americans whose land is was first, and other marginalized groups, who often are shaped by societal and prejudice, racism, bigotry, and homophobia. Alisa in the last quarter of the 20th century and now into the 21st is changing for the better and rapidly. I have been part and privilege to be part of that change. We the police, need to shake the narrative, opinions, and rhetoric. We have not been doing that very well. The real police story, blemishes and all. Under no circumstances can we allow it to be framed primarily by those who do not like us, nor can we trust us, allow it to be framed by those who seek to advance their own Societal Police and agendas by denigrating the heartfelt, reasonable, practical, effective efforts of Police Leadership to change and approved. I have been associated with Police Leadership for most of my tour. Many leaders of the past and of today. They are an extraordinary group, progressive thinkers, who face these issues with open minds and a determination, a pride in their profession, and a determination to really help address the many issues that police are expected to address, plus the many others that by default have fallen to us. Police can and must they focus not only prevention of crime, but also disordered. There has been debate about the concept of open windows and quality of life. I say to you it is essential for effective policing that we focus on both crimess, serious, and we also focus on the same time of quality of life. The two go together. The 1970s and 19 80s, we separated them, and saw the disaster of 1990. Police prevent crime and they prevent disorder. And they do so by changing behavior, and that is so incredibly important. They do so with targeted enforcement, but indiscriminate enforcement, but with immigration sweeps of people who enter hereothing but illegally, even though that is a crime. They do so by working with prosecutors to seek full force and her sentencing, not a return to harsh guidelines that eliminate judicial discretion and fill prisons with people who can be got with more effectively in other environments. They do so through neighborhood engagements where police work with people to prevent problems and realize their potential in the neighborhoods. The genesis and the genius of Community Policing. It is that simple. It is really that civil. We have made it too complex. I spent nearly 50 years in the profession of policing, walking a beat, and an allblack neighborhood in boston. Two years before it was an alljewish white neighborhood. Nt the next two working in the segregate in desegregation. In six Different Police few, thet, one with a other with 38,000 Police Officers. During that time the profession has will like a pendulum, from prevention response and back to prevention. Modesty, i believe ive played a large role with my colleagues and will swing back and focus on french and that began in the 1990s. That was reinforced by the efforts of the executive session focusing effort back on prevention and not on response. Concern is we may be swinging back. I watch with concern the pendulum that to the days of the 1970s and 1980s. We do not need to go that way. We found in the 90s 1990s and the 21st century other ways to do it. American chiefs in particular understand that because they have been living at that. We can see the swing away from prevention in the 1960s, away from the cop on the beat, and took active steps to maintain order. Idolize the cop on the beat, that keep the neighborhoods safe, often for that matter, my hero was detective joe friday of the los oneles police, we focused responding to crime, but never with compassion. Sergeant friday didnt never put arm aroundr put his efforts ofmileage Crime Prevention were not always fair or just. Two personal friends of mine kelly was a friend, and james wilson, i had the privilege to lotd a loved him spend a of time with him. Some of those steps, meaning the actions of the police, would not withstand a legal challenge today. Sometimes officers enforce social mores rather than the law, and they can be unfair and discriminatory. This was true during the civil rights era. The social of people the social upheaval sent the pendulum from one issue to the other. Its one from too much discretion in the hands of officers all the way to the response era of the 1970s and 1980s. Muchneeded rulings, they were necessary to correct the abuses of the past, the failure to inform people arrested of their rights. They were necessary changes to deal with the issues of the 1960s. The pendulum swung too far. Police reform grew out of reports like the commission, and comingled with new ideas about the origins of crime. I had tossion report, read this book, always memorize it, to take my exam in 1974 in the boston Police Department. It was part of the professionalization and liberalization of Police Agencies at that time. The books i had to study to pass the promotional exam for sergeant. I was the youngests are just, 8 youngest sergeant. We read this book. We read the report on Race Relations in the United States. The idea of one of the recommendations of this book, the professionalization of the police. This report in the preceding crime report of president johnson got us on the path for the next 20 years that brought us to the 1990s. While there were so many good recommendations here, a lot of what we talk about today, legitimacy of efforts, there was one that really tour support. The idea that we should focus on response to crime, that they believed that the causes of crime were racism, poverty, bad police practices, unemployment, demographics. They thought those were the causes. They were not. They are not. And never have been. 20 years american policing was shaped by it, and i will point to one line that six out, that sticks outcome of the idea that alleviating manpower to the ghetto, efforts should be given to crimes that threaten life and property, stressed on social gambling and laundering, and more during loitering they advocated an american please policing move away from order and control, not understanding that africanamericans in their neighborhoods, latinos, all want the same thing. Nobody wants the prostitute in the doorway. ,obody wants the graffiti whether you are white or black, but what they advocated in that report, with so many great suggestions, that and the early crime report, the emphasis on responding to crime, and that is what we did in the 1970s and 1980s. 911 came into being and we responded. We celebrated that we could get there in eight minutes. We celebrated the idea of investigations, joe friday, technology, solving the crime after the fact. And we celebrated the man on patrol, moving officers around in vehicles to get more rapidly to the 911 calls. The prevention of crime focus to response. We were down the rabbit hole. In the 1990s, with the help of the executive sessions, american Police Leadership, Community Leadership began to get it right. What did get right . The cause of crime is people, criminals, emotionally disturbed, or others in moments commit criminal acts. The others are influences, and police do not have control on those influences, but we can have impact on them. We have righted the ship. This report, while so valuable, effectively moved us in the wrong direction, and fortunately we have moved back. Yet people and unrest of that area said the pendulum hurtling from one machine to the other. Talk of too much discretion in the hands of officers gave rise to please oversize oversight. I became less about what johnny increasinglynd about what made johnny at the way he did. The desire to focus on root causes was well intentioned, but they were not the causes. They were the influences. A new way to look at johnnys behavior did not always help joe. Had thent of 911 unintended effect of relegating police to being response agents rather than prevention agents. Aboutrime was not behavior, but about social inequities, and on some level it is, there was not much a cop could do other than answer calls and pick up pieces, and there were a lot of pieces as our society went crazy. This response model was ascended in the eras of deinstitutionalizations as mental in citations emptied out, with cap esquire from it with catastrophic consequences. Homeless, the significant portion of that population, people who really should be in institutions in some institutions, and other environments are they can get treatment, and not relegated to hanging and streets where they waste away. One place where the ability to control behavior runs up against a wall is addressing the emotionally disturbed, providing Mental Health services should not be on the cops. So many things and of being on the cops. I had the nypd adopt a program in 2015, with generous funding from the mayors office, and more than 6000 cops received it. All will receive it over the next year. Shouldectiveness of cit not mean we stick cops with the failure of the Mental Health care system throughout the country, and it is another epidemic we are dealing with in the 21st century. Respo