We talked about Foreign Countries had been kind of determined for us a very long time ago because we tended to look at especially muslim countries and countries in the east as, were they catching up with us . Were they behind us . What that does is it prevents you from being able to see the country on its own terms. Announcer watch afterwards sunday night at 9 p. M. Eastern on cspan2s book tv. Announcer lisa monaco served as president obamas chief counterterrorism and Homeland Security adviser. Next, she talks about security threats during the Obama Presidency and what is ahead for the trump presidency. This is an hour and 20 minutes. Good evening everyone. Welcome to our 2017 lecture of conversation with lisa monaco, counterterrorism in the trump era. I am the provost here at duke. I am pleased to be here to kick off the yearlong commemoration of Terry Sanfords centennial birthday. I want to welcome any first year students here this evening. It is wonderful you are taking advantage of the program. It is really a valuable part of your duke experience. Event tonight is sponsored by the Sanford School of Public Policy, the Triangle Center on terrorism and Homeland Security, and the american grand strategy program. Thank you to all the faculty and staff who have made this possible. The Terry Sanford distinguished lecture is made possible by gifts to the university in honor of the late Terry Sanford. As im sure many of you know, Terry Sanford is a much beloved figure in North Carolina and at duke university. He dedicated his life. To Ethical Leadership and public life. He served as governor of his life to Ethical Leadership in public life. He served as governor of North Carolina, combating poverty and expanding civil rights. He doubled expenditures on public education, supported desegregation when other governors were blocking africanamerican students from entering university gates. Dukehe was president of university, he established at institute for Public Affairs to serve as an Interdisciplinary Program to train future leaders. Involvedtute and now stands as the Sanford School of Public Policy, which appoints over 80 faculty and mastersers, two programs, a phd program, and multiple centers. The purpose of this distinguished lecture is to bring men and women of the highest personal and professional stature to present to the duke community. Our Terry Sanford lecturer this evening is lisa monaco. This year she left the government after 20 years of Public Service. She obtained degrees from the university of chicago and harvard law school. After serving as federal prosecutor for six years, fbi director Robert Mueller hired her to be a special counsel. Deputy chief of staff, and then chief of staff. Monaco returns to a senior position in the justice department, and in 2011 was appointed by president obama and confirmed by the u. S. Senate to be assistant attorney general for National Security. In 2013, president obama appointed her his assistant for Homeland Security and counterterrorism. In this role she was the chief adviser on foreign and mystic terrorism, cyber security, and endemic and Natural Disaster response. She served the entire second term of the Obama Presidency. She is currently a senior professor at the Nyu Law School for international affairs. Or may not know that Terry Sanford was an fbi agent for two years. He fought in the battle of the bulge in world war ii, and obtained a law degree from unc. I think he would have been fascinated by lisas career, and proud to have her speaking at the Sanford School. Our moderator for tonights event is the Sanford Schools own david. Now an associate professor of Public Policy and director of our Triangle Center on terrorism and Homeland Security. Before we begin, it would be great if everyone would silence their cell phones. Please join me in welcoming lisa to samford for this very interesting topic. [applause] theres not an inch of space left in this building. Do you have a secret social media following . It is fantastic. Let me echo the provost, welcome to duke. Lisa thank you, it is great to be here. Host lets dive right in. Start with an issue on everyones minds these past two weeks, which is the historic storms that have caused such devastation in the florida. And texas and community at the duke go out to all those people who are still suffering, trying to in the from the storms keys and houston. I know that you, even when you 2013,d the white house in six and a half years after katrina, part of your responsibilities were still hurricane recovery issues. I wanted to ask you, what are the big issues heading down the pike that the Trump Administration is going to be very serious issues about cleanup recovery, rebuilding, and what should they be doing to prepare for very difficult Public Policy issues coming their way . Lisa thanks for having me here. Thank you, sally, for the introduction. When i was preparing to come ,own here, i also saw that duke in many different forms, is pouring out his heart and help to the communities down there. Hats off to this community. I got to sit down with some students and fellows over the course of the afternoon, and i have artie been wowed i have already been wowed by the folks here in the work you are doing. It is really a pleasure to be here. Irma and harvey were kind of a onetwo punch that has befallen the southeast. The immediate issues, i think, are going to be in restoring power, particularly in south torida, and getting crews in get access to roads, to be able to get basic subsistence material in generators, food, water, etc. Should go to the administrator of fema and the experts there who really have been doing a magnificent job trying to manage both of these crises and bring the federal government assistance to bear. In the immediate term, it is power, continued rescue operations, getting subsistence materials in there. Over the longer term from a strictly white house perspective, and having been in a room that had been juggling a number of different crises, and not only responding to the crisis, but focusing on the longterm implementation. Maintaining focus. This is a challenge for any white house. After the cameras go away, after the breaking news banners go away, there is a lot of hard work of implementing the recovery. Sweepeans bringing a full to their. Housing recovery was a big issue in katrina. Ofhad the then secretary housing in a task force from to thee from the hha army corps of engineers to begin to think about how they would provide housing, rebuild a resilient level, focusing on the of hundreds of thousands of people being displaced. Environmental issues, health issues, toxins in the floodwater. Theres a whole range of issues the federal government is going to have to continue to focus on. Houseining that white leadership and focus is a real challenge as the crises from foreign and domestic will continue to come. That means setting up a structure that can be led from the white house was very clear goals and objectives to continue to implement, and it is going to be not weeks or days, but months and years for this recovery effort. Turn to the second huge issue in the headlines, the Security Council of course just this week imposed another round of sanctions on north korea. I want to kind of get to the highlevel principle here. Our position on north korea for a long time has been that kim jongun should give up its Nuclear Weapons programs and denuclearize. I want to ask you from the getgo, is that a realistic position . Is there any possibility that kim, who essentially believes that these Nuclear Weapons are what is preventing him from being in the same boat as Saddam Hussein and qaddafi, both of whom either didnt get it up their program, he certainly doesnt want to follow in their path. He sees it as a guarantee against that. What conceivable set of policies could actually ever persuade him to give those up, or has that train left the station . Lisa station . Lisa we have to step back and think about, what would be our objective here . Lets think about, who is this guy . Who is kim jong un . I and others, have used words like, he is unhinged, trying to send a message that he is not a rational actor. The fact of the matter is he is exceedingly paranoid. He is indescribably violent. But, he is rational. Why do i think he is rational . He is rational because, what you just said david, he is focused i and others, have used words like, he is unhinged, trying to been, ons ancestry has maintaining the regimes hold on north korea. And he does view his Nuclear Capability as his ace in the hole. Im with jim klapper and other experts, which is to say that denuclearization is not realistic. At least i havent seen any signs that that is realistic. We should be focused, i think, on deterrence. And i would also say, the key ingredient of deterrence is a credible threat of military action. So, while i have differed publicly with some of the rhetoric on this, about fire and fury and the like, i do believe a clear, consistent message, such as the one secretary mattis recently delivered, of military options being on the table, as unattractive as they are, is an important element of deterrence. Host if we are going to ultimately have to rely on deterrence, do we have to accept, mentally, that we can live in a world where kim jong un and actors such as him actually has the capability of launching a Nuclear Weapon at a large American City . Is that something we can tolerate . Lisa i think we have to acknowledge that he, and we have been seeing this steady march, and it has been a steady march, right . He has developed Nuclear Capability. We saw the most significant test a couple of weeks ago. There are four elements, just to review, for a threat we are focused on in the homeland. Nuclear capability, we have seen a very significant test. Missile delivery, we have seen repeated, steady march on testing of the missile delivery system. Miniaturization. Miniaturization of a Nuclear Warhead that could be affixed to that missile delivery system. And we have seen some, and elite something a leaked intelligence report, that one element of our Intelligence Community, the Defense Intelligence agency, that believes that capability is there, that miniaturization capability. I would like to see what the full Intelligence Community says about that but still, very concerning. And the fourth element is reentry. The ability to put that Nuclear Capability onto the missile delivery system, and have it reenter from the earths atmosphere into the target. And that, our Intelligence Community does not believe is there yet. Still, we have seen a steady march and a repeated effort to attain those capabilities. But as somebody focused on the threat to the homeland, we have to be very clear about where kim jong un is on that march. We should be focused on deterrence. We should have a clear view about where he is on the steady march. We should be increasing our defense capability, and are certainly doing that. We should be assuring our allies and partners south korea and japan being first among them, quite obviously. We should be working on covert and other means to seven ties, other means to sabotage, derail, and rollback the gains that kim jong un has made, and apply steady and increased pressure, including sanctions. And i give credit to, and i think the administration should be given credit for the success u. N. Hey have had at the in unanimous Security Council resolutions. But some of the weaknesses of some of whom have already been pointed out. But nevertheless, they have been unanimous resolutions and that has been very important. But we can do some on our own as well. Unilateral sanctions from the United States. Pressure on china and chinese banks that continue to do business with north korea. David this week is also the 16th anniversary of 9 11. We held that this distinguished lectureship many time on this anniversary, so its a good time to reflect on that issue, which took a lot of your time in the white house, im sure. Could you reflect for us . If you look on one hand, 16 years, there hasnt been any sort of attack of the magnitude the size of 9 11 here. Knock on wood, of course. So on that grounds, u. N. Have to say you would have to say we have been quite successful. If you woke up on symptom or 12 and 13 and said we went a decade and a half without anything, that would be a good deal. Nonetheless these al qaeda, isis, likeminded groups are incredibly resilient and active around the globe. I will give some statistics. In the state departments report on terrorism and 2016, terrorist attacks caused 25,000 deaths and 33,000 casualties. As we sitnonetheless these al q, isis, likeminded groups are her the events of 9 11, how should we evaluate how the u. S. And the world is doing against this terrorist threat . Lisa it is very important to reflect on it, and no better time than two days after that horrible day. Two days after the anniversary of that horrible day. You used the word resilient in describing our terrorist actors and terrorist enemies. It is not a word i would use, mostly because i associate that with positive traits. I think of communities being resilient, and individuals who have gone through great tragedies being resilient. Not to fight the hypo, professor, i would say we face a very adaptive enemy. That is an important distinction in my mind because it reminds us of where we need to go. To get to the heart of your question, how would i gauge our success or failure, i think by any measure we have been successful in diminishing the foreignf a complex, directed attack of catastrophic proportions, such as we faced and suffered on 9 11. And that is owing to the tremendous work across republican and democratic administrations, from the military, Law Enforcement, Homeland Security, diplomats, and we as a nation did a number of things to make that possible. We broke down cultural barriers to how we organize ourselves and share information. We changed our legal structures to make that more possible. And we changed our structures and created new structures, including the organization that i was privileged to lead before i went to the white house, the National Security division of the justice department. So, we built an apparatus to enable us to have success against that type of 9 11 style and created new structures, including the organization that attack. Now it has diminished. I use that word specifically because it is not zero. Affiliate largest currently exists in syria, formally known as alnusra. I call them al qaeda in syria. It is more of an accurate name. Continues to plot and plan against the homeland. So we cant forget 16 years later, being complacent about the 9 11 style front. A new phase and we have a lot more to do in that new phase, the hallmark of which is the self radicalized individual, the individual sometimes known as a lonewolf, or homegrown terrorist. Weve got a lot more to do on that score. The net that we built that i described post9 11 is not designed for that firsthreat. Those threat actors san bernardino, orlando, the new yorknew jersey plot from last summer, charlottesville, those actors dont come into the net that we built if they dont have contact with International Terrorist groups, a Shadowy Group of hierarchical figures operating from caves in afghanistan, communicating with people here. If that is not the trait, that is the net that we built, and we need to construct a new one. How do you understand and see when something goes wrong in somebodys mind, such that they take a machine gun and kill 50 people in a bar in orlando . So the work that we have to do on this new phase is going to require partnerships, it is going to require innovation, working with the Tech Industry on the role that social media plays in this, is going to require our communities. Our focus post9 11 was focused on our local partners, state and local Law Enforcement, and our international partners. This next phase is going to require more from our partners from our communities here at home. We have some challenges ahead. David i wanted to get to the homeland issues a little later. The great thing about being a professor is you get to push back again. Lisa you do. David lets look at what bin laden was trying to do. Some people say he was just a religious zealot out to kill people. I happen to think that he had a lot of political goals, that he was a political actor as well. He wanted to challenge the whole nationstate system put in place by colonial powers in